Browse Topic: Electric hybrid power

Items (15)
Find
Hybrid Powertrain Operation Optimization Considering Cross Attribute Performance Metrics2017-01-11453/28/2017
Hybrid electric vehicles are continuously challenged to meet cross attribute performance while minimizing energy usage and component cost in a very competitive automotive market. As electrified vehicles become more mainstream in the marketplace, hybrid customers are expecting more attribute refinement in combination with the enhanced fuel economy benefits. Minimizing fuel consumption, which tends to drive hybrid powertrain engines to operate under lugging type calibrations, traditionally challenge noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) metrics. Balancing the design space to satisfy the cost metrics, energy efficiency, noise and vibration & drivability under the hybrid engine lugging conditions can be optimized through the use of multiple CAE tools. This paper describes how achieving NVH metrics can put undesirable boundaries on Powertrain Operation which could affect other performance attributes. Up front modeling of the full hybrid systems combined with powertrain lugging conditions allows the engineering teams to optimize the powertrain hardware designs while minimizing the impact on fuel efficiency, drivability, and NVH.
De Hesselle, Eric, Grozde, Mark, Adamski, Raymond, Rolewicz, Thomas, Erazo, Mark
PUMPING UP hydraulic capabilities15OFHP12_0212/1/2015
Electrohydraulic advances keep coming as distributed electronics flex their muscle. Hydraulic technologies are evolving rapidly as clever engineers figure out how to alter spools and valves. These mechanical changes pale in comparison to the advances that transpire as design teams leverage rising computing power and falling prices for electronics. Electrohydraulic systems are employing more sensors and utilizing controls that are networked to a growing number of components. That's making it possible for design teams to continue to improve performance while adding more sophisticated features and functions. These trends show no signs of slowing down.
Costlow, Terry
Using Finite-Element Analysis Results and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays to Accelerate Hybrid Powertrain Controller Validation2015-01-11544/14/2015
Test and validation of control systems for hybrid vehicle power trains provide a unique set of challenges. Not only does the electronic control unit (ECU), or pair of ECUs, need to smoothly coordinate power flow between two or more power plants, but it also must handle the power electronics' high-speed dynamics due to PWM signals frequently in the 10-20 kHz range. The trend in testing all-electric and hybrid-electric ECUs has moved toward using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as the processing node for simulating inverter and electric motor dynamics in real time. Acting as a purpose-built processor colocated with analog and digital input and output, the FPGA makes it possible for real-time simulation loop rates on the order of one microsecond. Combining the temporal fidelity provided by the FPGA with the model fidelity of a machine model based on finite-element analysis yields a hardware-in-the-loop test system that can replicate the high-speed, nonlinear dynamics required to test a power electronics ECU. Engineers at Subaru were tasked with developing a hybrid electric power train for their first hybrid electric vehicle. The short timetable required innovative test and validation methods that could significantly reduce the typical test time without sacrificing safety and performance. This paper presents the novel approach used and validates the simulation results against physical test data. The new approach yieldeds more comprehensive test capabilities and a significant reduction in test time as compared to traditional methods.
Black, Benjamin, Morita, Tomohiro, Minami, Yusuke, Farnia, David
Integrating the Curriculum using a Bench-Scale Hybrid Power Train2014-01-06264/1/2014
The Rowan University Mechanical Engineering program is studying the use of a long-term (five semester) design project on student learning and concept retention. The project, a bench-scale hybrid electric powertrain system, is designed, analyzed and fabricated by students in five modules, starting in their sophomore year and culminating in their final semester as seniors (see prior ASEE publication [1]). This complex project has been selected in order to integrate the core mechanical engineering courses: Mechanical Design, Thermodynamics, System Dynamics and Control, and Fluid Mechanics. A bench-scale hybrid-electric vehicle powertrain has sufficient complexity to involve all Mechanical Engineering disciplines and the simplicity to be built by students over the course of five semesters. In addition, hybrid-electric technology is at the cutting-edge of automotive technology, and has been found to hold a special fascination for most mechanical engineering students. A “faculty prototype” has been built and tested, both as a demonstration and for educational purposes. This paper describes the overall project: how the modules are integrated into the system and its control algorithm. The system is a simplified model of the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) [2] but adapted to a classroom environment. The overall goal of the control strategy is to implement a “cruise control” system that keeps the output speed constant under varying loads, while maximizing fuel economy. The “fuel” for the system is compressed air, and the prime mover is a student designed-and fabricated-air powered engine. Some details of each module for the hybrid-electric powertrain prototype are provided so that it may be easily implemented by instructors at other institutions. A comprehensive website, benchtophybrid.com, is under development. This work is supported by the NSF-TUES program, grant number 1044532.
Salas Acosta, Mariaeugenia, Bhatia, Krishan, Constans, Eric, Kadlowec, Jennifer, Merrill, Thomas, Zhang, Hong
System Modeling for Integration and Test of Safety-Critical Automotive Embedded Systems2013-01-01894/8/2013
Functional safety of automotive embedded systems is a key issue during the development process. To support the industry, the automotive functional safety standard ISO 26262 has been defined. However, there are several limitations when following the approach directly as defined in the standard. Within this work, we propose an approach for the integration and test of safety-critical systems by using system modeling techniques. The combination of two state-of-the-art modeling languages into a dedicated multi-language development process provides a direct link between all stages of the development process, thus enabling efficient safety verification and validation already during modeling phase. It supports the developer in efficient application of requirements as defined by ISO 26262, hence reducing development time and cost by providing traceable safety argumentation. Based on a hybrid electric power train scenario, we evaluate the benefits of the proposed system modeling approach for early verification and validation of safety-critical embedded systems.
Krammer, Martin, Martin, Helmut, Karner, Michael, Watzenig, Daniel, Fuchs, Anton
Mobile Hybrid Power System's Elements2012-01-223610/22/2012
The effectiveness of elements comprising a hybrid electric power generating system was studied. The wind and photovoltaic renewable resources served as integral components of the hybrid systems configuration. A HMMWV towable trailer system provided an intermediary basis for formulation of methodology needed for optimization of power generation and energy storage capacity constrained by cost, size and weight of the system. The methodology employed in this paper is scalable from kilowatts to megawatts or from man portable systems to significantly larger systems which can be housed in 40 foot ISO containers.
Dawidowicz, Edward, Podlesak, Thomas, Leung, Fee
Paradox of Miniaturization Trend Versus Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Requirements2012-36-026210/2/2012
In recent years, a number of key influences are contributing to accelerate technological innovation in the automotive industrial sector. Concerns about renewable energy resource, fossil-fuels crises and higher gasoline prices, global warming awareness and environmental impacts, scarcity of minerals/metals and electronics demands rising are some of the major challenges for vehicle automakers and their suppliers. The interest in alternative fuel vehicles, especially hybrid-electrical vehicles (HEV) or renewable energy power concepts for road vehicles has become intensified and represents a significant area of research and development in order to meet nowadays global demands. However because of Hybrid Vehicles unique Power Supply System the electrical/electronic architecture (E/E) is sophisticated, requesting more robust sealing and a particular wiring harness components, such as connector, terminals and cables. On the other hand there is a remarkable miniaturization over automotive Power and Signal Distribution System components following by electronically controlled systems growth to meet customers' demands in quality requirements, driver safety and comfort, and infotainment networking applications. So the scope of this work is to present scenarios of literature as well as reported point of view from automotive wiring harness experts who are facing and discussing Hybrid and electrical vehicles and alternatives for 14/42V Power Supply Systems impact on E/E architecture in contrast with automotive miniaturization trends for the Brazilian Market demands.
Almeida, Ivan A., Marcoccia, Luis C., Curione, Enrico F., Fernandes, Marcelo M.
Robust Control Techniques Enabling Duty Cycle Experiments Utilizing a 6-DOF Crewstation Motion Base, a Full Scale Combat Hybrid Electric Power System, and Long Distance Internet Communications2006-01-307711/7/2006
The RemoteLink effort supports the U.S. Army's objective for developing and fielding next generation hybrid-electric combat vehicles. It is a distributed soldier-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop environment with a 6-DOF motion base for operator realism, a full-scale combat hybrid electric power system, and an operational context provided by OneSAF. The driver/gunner crewstations rest on one of two 6-DOF motion bases at the U.S. Army TARDEC Simulation Laboratory (TSL). The hybrid power system is located 2,450 miles away at the TARDEC Power and Energy System Integration Laboratory (P&E SIL). The primary technical challenge in the RemoteLink is to operate both laboratories together in real time, coupled over the Internet, to generate a realistic power system duty cycle. A topology has been chosen such that the laboratories have real hardware interacting with simulated components at both locations to guarantee local closed loop stability. This layout is robust to Internet communication failures and ensures the long distance network delay does not enter the local feedback loops. The TSL states and P&E SIL states will diverge due to (1) significant communications delays and (2) unavoidable differences between the TSL's power-system simulation and the P&E SIL's real hardware-in-the-loop power system. Tightly coupled, bi-directional interactions exist among the various distributed simulations and software- and hardware-in-the-loop components representing the driver, gunner, vehicle, and power system. These interactions necessitate additional adjustment to ensure that the respective states at the TSL and P&E SIL sites converge. This is called state convergence and ensures the dominant energetic states of both laboratories remain closely matched in real time. State convergence must be performed at both locations to achieve bi-directional, real-time interaction like that found on a real vehicle. The result is a distributed control system architecture with Internet communications in the state convergence feedback loop. The Internet communication channel is a primary source of uncertainty that impacts the overall state convergence performance and stability. Multiple control schemes were developed and tested in simulation. This paper presents robust control techniques that compensate for asynchronous Internet communication delays during closed loop operation of the TSL and P&E SIL sites. The subsequent soldier- and hardware-in-the-loop experiments were performed using a combination of nonlinear Sliding-mode and linear PID control laws to achieve state convergence at both locations. The control system development, performance, and duty cycle results are presented in this paper.
Compere, Marc, Goodell, Jarrett, Simon, Miguel, Smith, Wilford, Brudnak, Mark
Hybrid Electric Power and Energy Laboratory Hardware-in-the-Loop and Vehicle Model Implementation2006-01-11624/3/2006
The power system for the Future Combat System's (FCS) family of manned ground vehicles will not only need to satisfy mobility requirements, but also need to provide continuous and pulsed power for weapons, armaments and other auxiliary loads. Investigating hybrid power technologies has been an active research area for the U.S. Army RDECOM's Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) Power and Energy System Integration Laboratory (P&E SIL). The P&E SIL is located in Santa Clara, CA and is maintained by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Current P&E SIL efforts include imposing realistic loads on notional combat vehicle subsystems in order to evaluate components, such as motors and batteries. Equally important research is being conducted through the application of realistic driver/commander inputs which will aid in the validation of vehicle designs, control systems and vehicle power management architectures capable of meeting the mobility and non-mobility power and energy demands of the future battlefield. This paper describes the integration of the hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) hybrid-electric power system with a high fidelity vehicle model (HFVM) within a real-time execution environment.
Simon, Miguel, Compere, Marc, Connolly, Thomas, Lors, Charles, Smith, Wilford, Brudnak, Mark
Development and Validation of Control Algorithm for Series Hybrid Power Train2003-01-328110/27/2003
Developed control algorithm for series hybrid electric power train is presented systematically, which keeps engine operation points on the locus of highest efficiency torque/speed points using a lookup table defined by engine power and speed. The off-line simulation model of series hybrid power train is developed which includes sub-models of control system and controlled objective (such as engine, motor, battery pack and so on). The debug and validation of control algorithm is performed on developed modular test facility. The results show that developed control algorithm can effectively keep engine operating on the locus of high efficiency points and much more fuel economy can be achieved than that of conventional ICE power train, meanwhile battery SOC can be maintained within reasonable level without charging outside during cycles.
Chu, Liang, Wang, Qingnian, Liu, Minghui, Li, Jun
Development and Validation of Logic Threshold Control Algorithm for Parallel Hybrid Power Train2003-01-23126/23/2003
Logic threshold control algorithm for parallel hybrid electric power train is presented systematically, in which engine operation points are limited within higher efficient area by logic threshold control algorithm targeting fuel economy. The off-line simulation model of parallel HEV power train is developed which includes sub-models of logic threshold control system and controlled objective (such as engine, electric motor, battery pack and so on). The debug and validation of logic threshold control algorithm is completed on developed modular test facility. The results show that the simple and practical logic threshold control algorithm can effectively limited engine operation points and much more fuel economy can be achieved than that of conventional ICE power train.
Chu, Liang, Wang, Qingnian, Liu, Minghui, Zhao, Ziliang
Electricity Flow Analysis in the Series Hybrid System by the Charge-discharge Tester2001-01-07843/5/2001
In this study, the series hybrid electric system is recommended as suitable power systems of the motor vehicles in urban area. It is important for this system to improve the comprehensive energy efficiency when components are combined, and to evaluate it appropriately. In this report, the technique to grasp energy loss in detail that occurs when electric power flows complicatedly in the series hybrid power system has been examined and the energy efficiency of the series hybrid power system on urban driving has also been evaluated.
Hayashida, Morimasa, Narusawa, Kazuyuki, Kamiya, Yushi
Optimization of Performance and Energy Consumption on Series Hybrid Electric Power System1999-01-09223/1/1999
Recently, studies and developments have been underway in many countries to introduce a new type of car (hereinafter referred to as “Commuter car”), characterized by ultra smallness, energy saving and low pollution, for short-range purposes, for example commutation, in urban areas (1).In our previous study, the characteristics of electric motors were noticed, and the series hybrid system was focused to power commuter cars.Therefore, a simulated commuter car based on a small electric vehicle (EV) was set on a chassis dynamometer to test the basic items (2) . From these results, a new simulated series hybrid type commuter car that uses a high-power AC motor and a high-efficiency power generator was set on the bench.By acceleration/deceleration bench tests, selection of the reduction gear ratio and optimization of power supply from the generator were investigated in order to achieve both the performance necessary and sufficient for the city driving and power management. Moreover, an evaluation of the energy efficiency and the energy consumption was attempted.
Hayashida, Morimasa, Narusawa, Kazuyuki
270-Vdc/Hybrid 115-Vac Electric Power Generating System Technology Demonstrator9120519/1/1991
Sundstrand is investigating 270-Vdc/hybrid 115-Vac electrical power generating and distribution systems technology so as to be well prepared to offer such systems for future aircraft applications. The approach taken has been to design, build, and test a representative system that meets or exceeds the tightest of the performance standards as defined by miliary standards. This paper describes a single-channel, 120-kW hybrid system and presents some typical performance data. The dc bus supplies a 30-kVA, 400-Hz, 115-Vac inverter; constant power load banks of up to 150 kW; and a resistive load bank of up to 90 kW. System simulation studies indicated the potential for unstable operation due to the negative impedance of the constant power load in conjunction with the source ripple filter and the load EMI filters. Unstable voltage and current were observed in system testing when the magnitude of the source impedance was not sufficiently below that of the load impedance. Plans for installing a second channel along with an electromechanical actuator and a large vapor-cycle cooling system as active loads are also discussed.
Niggemann, R.E., Peecher, S., Rozman, G.
Economic Comparison of Future Automotive Power Systems7800352/1/1978
This paper presents Exxon Enterprises Inc.'s approach to the economic evaluation of advanced automotive power systems. The paper derives and compares projected initial costs and operating costs for a subcompact car and a full size car powered by four different advanced power systems, i.e. an advanced spark ignition engine, a lightweight diesel engine, a battery powered motor, and a diesel electric hybrid system. The operating economics are based on a detailed analysis of the power system energy consumption. A proprietary computer program was used to simulate vehicle operation on a specific driving cycle and thus provide suitable energy consumption estimates. The initial and operating costs of the vehicles also reflect the different size and weight of the power systems, as well as weight propagation effects on the rest of the vehicle. For a meaningful comparison basis, each vehicle power system is sized to achieve an equivalent performance level (carrying capacity, acceleration capability, etc.), to the extent possible with motive components of vastly different characteristics.
Mauri, G., Fetterman, G. P., Ricci, R. L.
Items per page:
1 – 15 of 15