Browse Topic: Air pollution

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Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations Based on Urban Road Network Congestion Tracing2025-01-721603/19/2025
Exhaust emissions from congested road segments constitute a significant source of urban air pollution. Resolving traffic congestion throughout the road network presents considerable challenges. However, alleviating tailpipe emissions on congested roads can be achieved by increasing the proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in the traffic flow. Therefore, we propose a method for optimizing the layout of EV charging stations based on urban road networks congestion tracing. This method traces congestion sources through similarity between road networks, and evaluates the installation potential value of adjacent candidate installation points using the congestion contribution degree of the road segment as an indicator. The analysis is conducted on 100 routes within the Qinhuai district of Nanjing city, using spatiotemporal similarity metrics. The utilization of point-of-interest and traffic data from online mapping sources overcomes the complexity of road network structure and the sparsity
Zeng, Wenyi, Jian, Lu, Hu, Xiaojian
automation test jms - titleSAE-PP-0946501/31/2025
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Rickard, Christopher
testing author affiliationsSAE-PP-0945801/10/2025
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SintzADMIn, Jeneane, Gatts, Joshua, GattsCurator, Josh, GattsCurator2, Josh, GattsCurator2, Josh
testing exclusion rulesSAE-PP-0945111/05/2024
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SintzADMIn, Jeneane
Automation Title for Group Code D22PC-Auto-1715022197983 (Current)05/06/2024
Automation Abstract for Group Code D22
Automation Title for Group Code D23PC-Auto-1715022264466 (Current)05/06/2024
Automation Abstract for Group Code D23
Automation Title for Group Code D21: Updated in Authoring: 5/03/24PC-Auto-1714611830430 (Current)05/02/2024
Automation Abstract for Group Code D21. Updated in Authoring: 5/03/24
Automation Title for Group Code D22PC-Auto-1713447343633 (Current)04/18/2024
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Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Automation Title for Group Code D21PC-CUR-1232 (Current)04/18/2024
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Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
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Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
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Automation Abstract for Group Code D21
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
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Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
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GPF : An effective technology to minimize 2Wh particulate emission2024-26-014001/16/2024
India is the world's largest two-wheeler (2Wh) market. With the proportion of its middle class rapidly rising, 2Wh sales and the resulting emissions, are expected to grow exponentially. The decision to leap-frog from BSIV to BSVI emission norms shows India's commitment to clean up its atmosphere. As of now, the regulation mandates Gaseous Pollutant (CO, HC, NOx) emission limits for all 2Whs. However, only 2Whs powered by Direct Injection (DI) engines have a particulate limit (PM & PN). Also, most of the 2Whs manufactured in India are powered by gasoline engines using the Port Fuel Injection (PFI) technology, and hence by definition particulate emission limits do not apply. Particulates when inhaled - especially of the ultrafine sizes capable of entering the blood stream - pose a serious health risk. Therefore, it became imperative to investigate the particulate emission levels of the 2Whs. We conducted a study selecting a motorcycle each from two different vehicle categories - Class 1
Bhimavarapu, Aditya, Singh, Sunil Kumar, Kataria, Rohit, Rose, Dominik, Boger, Thorsten
Optimised Air Management System for Heavy Duty Hydrogen Engines2024-26-017101/16/2024
Many Indian cities are amongst the most polluted cities in the world. Transport sector is identified as one of the major contributors to air pollution. Following the global trend Government of India is also promoting Near Zero Emission fuels with zero CO2 emissions as a way forward to solve the emission problem. With it's policies like Green Hydrogen Mission GOI plans to accelerate the adoption of Hydrogen as fuel in the country. These initiatives have created a breakthrough in development of Hydrogen ICE's by the Indian OEM's. Hydrogen ICE have NOx emissions as the most prominent engine out emissions. NOx emission in Hydrogen engines are very sensitive to operating lambda where after a certain threshold lambda the emissions rise significantly. Therefore the air management system pays a very important role in the hydrogen engine performance & NOx emissions. The study evaluates the various options in turbo charging system for heavy duty Hydrogen engine. As first step 1 stage Variable
Emran, Ashraf, Jagodzinski, Bartosch, Sreedharan, Sajil N, Paranjape, Sumeet, Garg, Shivam, Wagh, Sachin, Sharma, Vijay
Achieving New Pass-By Noise Regulatory Norms R51.3 (Method B) - An Analysis of Acceleration and Noise Source Contribution2024-26-019901/16/2024
Worldwide automotive sector regulatory norms have changed and become more stringent and complex to control environmental noise and air pollution. To continue this trend, the Indian Ministry of Road Transport is going to impose new vehicle exterior pass-by noise regulatory norms R51.3 (Method B) in the upcoming year to control urban area noise pollution. This paper studies the synthesis of M1 category vehicle driving acceleration, dominant noise source, and frequency contribution in exterior PBN level. A vehicle acceleration analysis study was carried out to achieve an optimized PBN level based on the vehicle’s PMR ratio, reference, and measured test acceleration data. Based on the analysis, the test gear strategy and acceleration were changed to achieve a lower PBN level. Improved engine calibration resulted in a 20% increment of ith gear acceleration. This increased acceleration surpassed the upper limit of the reference acceleration range; hence, the vehicle was tested in a
kalsule cEng., Shrikant Balasaheb, Titave, Uttam, Patil, Jitendra, Jadhav, Kamalakar, Naidu, Sudhakara
Measurement & Control Methodologies of Road Side Ambient Air Emissions & Identification of New Species of Air Pollutants in Delhi / NCR2024-26-015801/16/2024
In a recent finding it was published that there are five (05) major cities across Delhi / NCR which falls under the World's most polluted cities based on annual average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m³). The present study is entirely focused on Delhi / NCR hot-spots in terms of emissions and the measurement is done through the continuous type of air quality monitoring analyzers along with advanced analytical instruments. Various activities like construction, manufacturing, trash burning, production units, burning of organic compounds, power plants, biomass burning, demolition, vehicular emission etc. are the key sources that contribute to poor air quality. As a result of these activities, numerous harmful pollutants with different ionic species (along with gases and aerosols) are released and pose serious threat to both human health and environment. The primary sources of air quality degradation in the present study are identified by methodological & scientific type of measurement done
Kumar, Prashant, Sithananthan, M, Saroj, Shyamsher, Kant, Chander, Narwat, Aarti
Energy Conservation And Protecting Global Health By Automated Corporate Transport Services Application/System.2024-26-023801/16/2024
Energy Conservation And Protecting Global Health By Automated Corporate Transport Services Application/System. Now a days the huge problem our globe is facing is global warming and energy conservation. All world engineering is happening around this topic particularly, that’s why we have introduce clean fuels, EV’s, solar systems, stopping all conventional energy sources ex; thermal power plants, limited use of coal and conventional fuel etc. world is putting all investment, technology in making world a better place to live and sustain healthy environment. That’s the corporates also up to, saving paper by limited use of it, no carbon footprint awareness program, saving electricity using more day light many more. Still, corporates are missing on crucial point known to all, i.e. To daily commute from office to home employees are using their own vehicle hatchback, sedan, SUV etc. As India a country with hot climate it is understandable that to retain work energy, we need comfortable
Thakare, Ashish
Three way Catalyst with faster light-off substrates – A promising approach to reduce tailpipe emissions2024-26-014201/16/2024
The ever-tightening regulation norms across the world emphasize the magnitude of the air pollution problem. The decision to leapfrog from BS4 to BS6 - with further reduction in emission limits - showed India's commitment to clean up its atmosphere. The overall cycle emissions were reduced significantly to meet BS6 targets. However, the introduction of RDE norms in BS6.2 demanded further reduction in emissions under real time operating conditions - start-stop, hard acceleration, and idling, cold start - which was possible only through strategies that demanded a cost effective yet robust solutions. The first few seconds of the engine operation after start contribute to major amount to the cycle gaseous emissions. This is because the thermal inertia of the catalytic converter restricts the rate at which temperature of the catalyst increases and achieves the desired "light-off" temperature. The challenge becomes more prominent in the turbocharged engines which puts additional heat 'loss
Kale, Vishal Maruti, M, Ravisankar, Hosur, Viswanatha, Sridhar, S, Bhimavarapu, Aditya, Lende, Nilesh Ashok, Rose, Dominik, Tao, Tinghong
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis for e-motors and controllers of electric two-wheelers.2024-26-009801/16/2024
The Indian government has been promoting electric vehicles through various policy initiatives, such as offering incentives and subsidies to EV manufacturers and consumers, establishing charging infrastructure across the country, and setting ambitious targets for EV adoption. These measures aim to reduce the dependence on imported fossil fuels, mitigate air pollution, and promote sustainable mobility. As a result, the demand for electric vehicles across India is steadily increasing, and the country is emerging as a lucrative market for EVs globally. An electronically commuted brushless DC (BLDC) motor usually functions for traction in electric 2-wheelers. Electric vehicles need to comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. During the EMC compliance of electric two-wheelers, it is certain that the BLDC motor and its controller play an important role. This paper presents the BLDC motor and controller’s Radiated Immunity (RI) and Radiated Emission (RE) performance at
Pawar, Sneha Ravindra, Desai, Manoj Madhukar
Experimental analysis on development of algae based catalytic convertor for ecofriendly environment2022-28-048111/18/2022
Due to increased use of automobiles in some of the major cities had resulted in serious concerns about urban air quality caused by engine exhaust gas emissions and also more harmful species derived from them via photochemical reactions. The three main exhaust gas pollutants derived from exhaust emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Engine modifications are not alone sufficient to control them therefore the catalytic systems are introduced to do this. But the biggest limitation of regular catalytic convertor is the use of precious metals like platinum, titanium, palladium etc. in this article an algae based catalytic convertor is fabricated and experimentally tested. The conducted analysis and experiments shows that algae based catalytic convertor is indeed a best substitute to the regular catalytic convertor. The CO2 emission was reduced from 0.9 vol % to 0.2 vol % and the CO emission was reduced from 14.22 vol % to 0.68 vol%.
Lucas, Annagowsalya
Experimental Study to Analyze the Parameters Affecting the Cabin Air Quality2022-28-045611/09/2022
The quality of the air inside a vehicle is measured by cabin air quality. Cabin air quality is important not only for comfort, but also for safety. For decades, scientists have studied the air quality outside of automobiles. Because cars absorb emissions from adjacent vehicles, pollutant levels inside vehicles are frequently greater. Pollutants enter the car interior through air vents and other openings because vehicles are not constructed to be airtight. The in-cabin microenvironment has become a significant source of exposure to numerous air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, etc. There are various physical parameters such as filters, cabin temperature, air exchange rate, cooling rate, direction of flow of air inside the vehicle cabin, and vehicle speed that can affect the cabin air quality and purification time. The air exchange and its rate being of highest
Sharma, Uttam, Umbarkar, Shriganesh, Kumar, Mukesh, Pimpalkar, Ankit, Patel, Abhishek
Cost Effective Method of Improving the Cabin Air Quality using HVAC Case Coating2022-28-045211/09/2022
Cost effective method of Improving the Cabin Air Quality using HVAC case Coating Among many environments, the motor vehicle cabin micro-environment has been of public concern. Infact Air pollution more harmful to children in cars than outside. Although commuters typically spend only 1-2hrs per day of their time in vehicles, the emissions from various interior components of motor vehicles as well as emissions from exhaust fumes carried by ventilation supply air are significant sources of harmful air pollutants that could lead to unhealthy human exposure due to their high concentrations inside vehicles' cabins. This N9 silver ion technology helps significant reduction of microbial & viruses in inside vehicle cabins air. On contact silver will neutralize harmful bacteria on plastic surfaces giving them long lasting freshness and long-term protection. Silver is a natural antimicrobial. That means that microbes-germs can't survive in the presence of silver ions. Silver ions released from
Anandan, Ram, Anugu, Anil, EEDALA, V V N CHOWDARY, Sampath, Karthikeyan
A Novel Approach for Assessing Vehicle Interior Air Quality (VIAQ) in Future Mobility Solutions2022-28-045511/09/2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven consumers to be extremely vigilant towards personal as well as shared hygiene necessitating use of facemask, maintaining social distancing, frequent hand wash and vehicle sanitization. Humans are exposed to pollutants such as Particulate Matter (PM), SOx, NOx, CO, O3, Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) and Pathogens (FBV- fungi, bacteria, viruses) either through air or by direct contact with contaminated surfaces. In a vehicle cabin, occupants are exposed to both, recirculating air through air-conditioning system and contact with touch points such as seats, steering wheel and armrest which may be contaminated. In order to safeguard the occupants, VIAQ enhancers like high efficiency cabin air filters (N95/ HEPA) with activated carbon/ anti-allergen/ anti-microbial layers, ionizers and anti-bacterial trims are being deployed by OEMs. In many cases, validation of these VIAQ enhancers is done on a bench setup. Once VIAQ enhancer is integrated into the
Jaybhay, Sambhaji, Nimsatkar, Shubham Vijay, Kulkarni, Shridhar, Kapoor, Sangeet
An Update on Continuing Progress Towards Heavy-Duty Low NOX and CO2 in 2027 and Beyond2022-01-066903/29/2022
Multiple areas in the U.S. continue to struggle with achieving air quality targets for ozone mandated by the U.S. EPA. These continued issues highlight the need for further reductions in NOX emission standards in multiple industry sectors, with heavy-duty on-highway engines being one of the most important areas to be addressed. Starting in 2014, CARB initiated a series of technical demonstration programs aimed at examining the feasibility of achieving up to a 90% reduction in tailpipe NOX, while at the same time maintaining a path towards GHG reductions that will be required as part of the Heavy-Duty Phase 2 GHG program. These programs culminated in the Stage 3 Low NOX program, which demonstrated Low NOX emissions while maintaining GHG emissions at levels comparable to the baseline engine. Previously, EPA has announced the intention to promulgate a national Heavy Duty Low NOX standard, and has since reaffirmed to need to release an updated Low NOX standard for heavy-duty on-highway
Sharp, Christopher
Adaptation and Engine Validation of an FTIR Exhaust Gas Analysis Method for C1-Based Potential GHG-Neutral Synthetic Fuels/Gasoline-Blends Containing Dimethyl Carbonate and Methyl Formate 2022-01-068803/29/2022
To improve air quality in cities and limit harmful emission exposure to humans the European Commission released strict emission regulations for passenger cars in the past decade. In the near future, even stricter regulations containing more realistic/demanding driving scenarios and more exhaust gas components are expected to be released. Passenger cars fueled with gasoline are one contributor to unhealthy air conditions due to the fact, that gasoline engines emit harmful air pollutants. One option to minimize harmful emissions would be to utilize specifically tailored low emission synthetic fuels or fuel blends in internal combustion engines. Two promising candidates to replace or substitute gasoline are methyl formate (MeFo) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) which have proven in previous studies to significantly decrease harmful pollutants especially regarding PN emissions. To be able to measure future restricted emissions like methane, ammonia, and formaldehyde as well as currently
Kraus, Christoph, Jakubec, Philipp, Girhe, Sanket, Fellner, Felix, Härtl, Martin, Jaensch, Malte, Wachtmeister, Georg, Pitsch, Heinz
Assessment of the impact of vehicle emissions on air quality changes during COVID-19 lockdown in Bogota, Colombia.2022-01-070503/29/2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to implement rigorous containment measures on reduction or cessation of human mobility, transportation and economic activities, to control the spread of the virus. This is considered as a unique opportunity to study the impact of local lockdowns periods, especially, on the vehicle emission levels, and urban air quality in cities with high pollution levels, such as Bogota, Colombia. The first case was confirmed in Colombia on March 6, 2020, since then to prevent its propagation, the government declared a national lockdown starting from March 20 until August 31, 2020. Therefore, this study attempted to analyse the air quality in Bogota by assessing the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants NO₂, SO₂, O₃, CO, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ during the lockdown period and the corresponding concentrations levels during the same period in 2018 and 2019. The data for this pilot study was obtained from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of Bogota's
Pardo Amaya, Diego, Samuel, Stephen
Photocatalytic Cabin IAQ System to Eliminate Viruses Encountered in a Conditioned Space2022-01-022103/29/2022
In a photocatalytic air purifier system, the catalyst that cleans the air is typically titanium dioxide and it is energized by ultraviolet (UV) light. When UV light shines on the titanium dioxide, electrons (negatively charged particles inside atoms) are released at its surface. The electrons interact with water molecules (H2O) in the air, breaking them up into hydroxyl radicals (OH·), which are highly reactive, short-lived, uncharged forms of hydroxide ions (OH−). These small, agile hydroxyl radicals then attack bigger organic (carbon-based like virus) pollutant molecules, breaking apart their chemical bonds and turning them into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water. The author has been conducting research in these systems for the past 4 years to eliminate living organic germs, bacteria; pathogen, etc. from the cabin air. An HVAC system has been developed by using a filter impregnated by titanium di-oxide (TiO2) with UV lights to improve and maintain cabin air quality
Mathur, Gursaran
UNDERHOOD THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC TRACTOR 2022-01-019603/29/2022
The global issues of energy crisis and air pollution have offered a great opportunity to develop electric vehicles. This study investigates the underhood thermal management of the newly introduced electric tractor, with the target of managing the heat generated out from the major heat contributing sources. The alignment of the fan with some design modification has been made on the basis of CFD simulation. For this work, a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method utilizing the k-Ɛ turbulence model have been implemented in the commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+. The results show that the existing design configuration was not effective enough to handle the cooling requirement of the tractor. The angular orientation of the fan along with a baffle design capable enough to redirect the air in to the desired locations made it possible to achieve the desired cooling even in hot summer days. The closure of the side grills along with the aforementioned baffle modification made us to achieve
Babu, Richu John, Kumar, Vibhay, Salve, Nishant, Kumar, Nayaka
Investigations of Process and Component Parameters for the Number of Particles and Size Distribution of a Supercharged DI-SI Engine2022-01-070003/29/2022
Due to the short mixture formation times in the direct injection of modern gasoline engines, there is an increase in the emission of undesirable particle emissions in gasoline engines. As a result of previous studies with a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) of raw emissions and cleaned emissions, the particle number (PN) of the sampling point after the catalyst was higher than before the catalyst at the same process parameters and engine operating points. Based on this reproducible phenomenon, several theories were proposed. The theories set up dealt on the one hand with the question of process control with regard to the formation of particles, but also fundamentally with the question of whether conventional exhaust gas aftertreatment systems (3-way catalytic converters) are suitable for influencing the number of particles. In addition, studies of the oil consumption via the blow-by system and its influence on particle emissions also played a role. To verify these theories
Dost, Tobias, Schambach, Ricardo, Getzlaff, Joern
A quick method to evaluate fuel chemistry on vehicle particulate emissions2022-01-058503/29/2022
Fuel chemistry plays a crucial role in the continued reduction of particulate emission (PE) and cleaner air quality while using internal combustion engines (ICE). Over the past ten years, there has been great improvements in the measurements of particulate formation indices. Examples of these indices would be the Honda Particulate Matter Index (PMI) equation and the General Motors Particulate Evaluation Index (PEI), among others. Even though there have been improvements in particulate index (PI) measurement tools, the method analysis within these tools are still very time-consuming. These methods can include the use of chromatography separation techniques such as detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA), which have become very popular in the petrochemical industry. A review of historical PI methods will be discussed, along with a PE comparison to a less time-consuming simulated distillation method analysis. Simulated Distillation (SimDis) is used for the determination of gasoline by wide
Geng, Pat, collin, William, Akers, Veronica
“Freedom from the soot/NOx tradeoff: Opportunities for MCCI of small-molecule fuels”2022-01-064703/29/2022
Air quality considerations continue to require increasingly strict limits on tailpipe emissions from heavy-duty vehicles across all sectors. In addition to more effective aftertreatment systems, lowering levels of engine-out NOx, soot, and other pollutants remains a priority. For diesel fuel, the traditional soot-NOx tradeoff is well known, as are the the soot- and NOx-forming regions on a plot of local temperature vs local equivalence ratio. These regions make managing simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx during mixing-controlled combustion of diesel fuel challenging However, the soot- and NOx-producing regions in a local temperature vs. local equivalence ratio plot are fuel-dependent. The soot-producing region is especially fuel-dependent, with fuels like methanol, ethanol, DME, and E85 producing very low amounts of soot even under the range of equivalence ratios present during mixing-controlled combustion. This change in contours of the soot-NOx tradeoff regions creates additional
Blumreiter, Julie
AOC AIR-GROUND DATA AND MESSAGE EXCHANGE FORMATARINC633-4 (Current)11/30/2021
The purpose of ARNC 633 is to specify the format and exchange of Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) communications. Examples of ARINC 633 AOC Structures/Messages include: Flight Plan, Load Planning (i.e., Weight and Balance and Cargo Planning Load Sheets), NOTAMs, Airport and Route Weather data, Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) messages, etc. The standardization of AOC messages enable the development of applications shared by numerous airlines on different aircraft types. Benefits include improved dispatchability and reduce operator cost.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 3A CONFORMITY TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARINC 653 REQUIRED SERVICESARINC653P3A-2 (Current)11/15/2021
ARINC 653, Part 3A is the Compliance Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services presently defined in ARINC 653 Part 1. The document specifies a set of stimuli and the expected responses. Future work on the ARINC 653 document set includes an effort to define Operating System services for multi-core processor environments. The Compliance Test Specification is expected to be updated in step with ARINC 653, Part 1.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 0 OVERVIEW OF ARINC 653ARINC653P0-3 (Current)11/15/2021
This document provides an overview of the entire set of documents collectively referred to as ARINC 653. As this set of documents evolves, Part 0 has been adjusted to reflect technical changes made in Supplements to Parts 1 through 5 in conjunction with the technical changes made in the evolution of ARINC 653. A summary of the ARINC 653 documents follows: Part 0 – Overview of ARINC 653 Part 1 – Required Services Part 2 – Extended Services Part 3A – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services Part 3B – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Extended Services Part 4 – Subset Services Part 5 – Core Software Recommended Capabilities The term “this document” refers to Part 0 only, while the term “ARINC 653” or “the Specification” refers to the whole set of ARINC 653 documents, currently Parts 0 to 5. The primary objective of ARINC 653 is to define a general-purpose APplication/EXecutive (APEX) interface (API = Application Program Interface) between the Core Software
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
DEFINITION OF STANDARD INTERFACES FOR GALLEY INSERT (GAIN) EQUIPMENT PHYSICAL INTERFACESARINC810-6 (Current)11/10/2021
ARINC 810 defines galley equipment physical attachments, envelopes, connections, and qualification guidelines for interchangeable galley equipment. Supplement 6 defines the new Extended Size 2, intended for oven installation and other equipment suited to this type of installation.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Empowering the Brake Systems2021-01-126110/11/2021
Some research shows that the transport system is one of the main responsible for the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. The growing demand for automobiles contrasts directly with the scarcity of inputs, planet temperature increasing and air quality degradation in large cities. This counterpoint is explored and discussed a lot, demanding that studies would be conducted to find out sustainable solutions in the production to end-customers. Instead of use fossil resources, one of the options to reduce gas emissions is the use of vehicles powered by electricity. When converting part of the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical one its reduces emissions in the production electricity - power plants - as well burning gases in transport. Technological advances allow us to use Electronic Stability Control to generate environmental and safety results in mobility for next years.
Batagini, Emerson
Development of a Modeling Approach to Numerically Predict Filtration Efficiencies of Brake Dust Particle Filters2021-01-128510/11/2021
According to the European Environment Agency, air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe. Since traffic is one of the main contributors of fine dust, technical solutions are necessary to reduce the particulate emission footprint of vehicles. Also the Health Effects Institute hosted recently an international workshop on non-tailpipe emissions. Brake dust filtration concepts have proven to be a promising solution to significantly reduce fine dust emissions from brakes directly at the source. While CFD simulations for inner-ventilated brakes have become state-of-the-art, a holistic models from particle generation and emission to particle dynamics in the vicinity of the brake is not yet available. However, a good modeling approach of particle tracks is essential to predict filtration efficiencies of brake dust particle filters. It will be shown that based on current literature data and models, and independent of the turbulence model, filtration efficiencies cannot be
Keller, Florian, Krupa, Lukas, Beck, Andreas, Wörz, Tobias, Weller, Benedikt, Kohn, Kevin, Pfannkuch, Steffen, Jessberger, Thomas, Lehmann, Martin, Ashish, S
Implementation of K* classifier for Identifying Misfire Prediction on Spark Ignition Four-Stroke Engine through Vibration Data2021-28-028210/01/2021
Misfire represents a crucial problem for vehicles, adding to the energy depletion in the midst of air pollution such as CO and NOx caused by exhaust gases. Because of a special cylinder, misfire produces a particular vibration pattern. These patterns can isolate and interpret valuable properties to detect misfires. In this paper, a machine learning approach is used as a predictive model for the identification of misfires. In the current research, vibratory signals were taken as a kind of misfire that is unique to each cylinder (acquired with the help of a piezoelectric accelerometer). Statistical characteristics are then extracted and feature selection is applied using the J48 decision tree algorithm from the features obtained. In the classification of misfires in the cylinders, the K* classification was used. The experiment was conducted in Maruti Suzuki Baleno. Every single cylinder was tested on a separate basis. The performance of the classifier was validated with 10-fold WEKA
Arockia Dhanraj, Joshuva, Muthiya, S Jenoris, Subramaniam, Mohankumar, Chaurasiya, Prem Kumar, N, Akshayraj, Selvaraju, Nandakumar, Ramanathan, Kuppan Chetty
Design and Lay-out optimization challenges and solutions to Develop Open Crankcase Ventilation for family of Automotive Diesel Engines to meet stringent emission norms (Euro-VI) and reduced Oil-consumptions2021-26-018809/22/2021
For more than 3 decades, every automotive industry is focusing on continuous development of emission control technologies and suitable strategies. It was mainly driven by the legislation to improve or protect the environmental air quality for healthy life. Though the exhaust emission from an IC engine of an automobile is the primary and main source of pollutants, the other source such as Crankcase is also becoming a concern in recent years, while the norms becoming stringent. Hence, there is a need of regulating crankcase emissions. In a reciprocation motion of piston in an IC engine, the gases that leak past the piston rings from the combustion chamber and contain soot, particulate matter, water and oil vapor, unburned fuel and exhaust by product gases (CO, CO2, NOx, etc.) and aerosol generated from lubrication oil the entire mixture is called “blow by” gases. Crankcase emissions are bit complex mixture of combustion products and aerosol to be treated. In detail, the Crankcase
Jayagopal, S., Mahesh.Bharathi, R, Sadagopan, Krishnan, Mahesh, P, M, Sathyanandan, Bolar, Yogesh, Grasius, Deepu
Low temperature hydrocarbon oxidation Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) with improved PM oxidation capability2021-26-020109/22/2021
Pollutants emitted from an internal combustion engine need to be controlled to improve quality of air. The pollutants emitted from a diesel engine are – carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (HCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants can be controlled using after treatment systems which comprise of – a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit. With increasing vehicle density and lower speed driving scenarios, there is a need to improve the rate of oxidation and reduction in after treatment systems at lower exhaust gas temperatures for effectively decreasing pollutant emissions. There is a need to lower the light off temperature (T50 – Temperature at which 50% conversion is achieved) for unburnt hydrocarbons (HCs) to improve quality of air during cold start conditions. In this work, the light off temperatures for representative HCs were lowered using various techniques, such
Kumar, Arvind, Muthusamy, Vishnuvarthan, Kallakkavumkal, Ajith, Raman, Ritwik, Gaur, Kanishka, Rajan, Bosco, Bartley, Gordon, Trigunayat, Alok
Air Quality improvement in air conditioner bus saloon through Carbon activated filters2021-26-031209/22/2021
India being a developing nation, there is significant improvement in road infrastructure across the country as well as the spending power and earnings of the common man. This leads to the new trend of customers become health and comfort conscious and willing to pay more for better and improved transportation. To satisfy these demands, OEM's are developing more numbers of AC buses. Although the OEM's are meeting this demand of quantity, the quality of air from air conditioner is still subpar. One of the main reasons for this poor air quality is because of the ineffectiveness of conventional air conditioner air filters to control particulate materials i.e. PM2.5, biological pollutants i.e microbes, bacteria, viruses, and gaseous pollutants i.e. CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, O3 & VOCs in air. As per various researches, health problems associated with bus occupant compartment air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, research is shown on bus air quality improvement with respect to
Dwivedi, Ajay Kumar, Pahade, Atul, Thakur, Jitendra
Chemical profiling of exhaust particulate matter from Indian in-service vehicles2021-26-019209/22/2021
Particulate matter is one of the major pollutant responsible for deteriorating air quality, particularly in urban centers. Information on contributing sources with the share from different sources is a first and one of the important steps in controlling pollution. Diverse sources of particulate matter, anthropogenic as well as natural, like industries, transport, domestic burning, construction, wind-blown dust, road dust assesses the magnitude of contribution from these sources a complex issue. Receptor modeling is a scientific method which is utilized for assessment of the contribution of various sources based on chemical characteristics of particulate matter sources and ambient air particulate matter. Representative data of fractions of various chemical species in the particulate matter from the different sources i.e. source fingerprint is an essential input for the receptor modeling approach. A comprehensive national database on the source profiles of particulate matter collected
Bawase, Moqtik, Sathe, Yogesh, Mulla, Suhail, Thipse, Sukrut S
Rational design of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx to meet BS-VI emission standards2021-26-018109/22/2021
To achieve healthier and sustainable air quality and to protect human life, worldwide emission standards are being tightened for harmful vehicular air pollutants such as CO, hydrocarbon, NOx and particulate matters. Among selective catalytic reduction catalysts for NOx control in automotive after treatment system, Cu-SSZ-13 (Chabazite structure) is one of the most promising SCR catalyst, mainly used in light and heavy duty diesel vehicles. This article focuses on the development of Cu-SSZ-13 with desired properties such crystallinity, morphology, surface area and Cu loading in the catalyst. With the help of sophisticated catalyst characterization tools such as NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), novel and highly active formulations of Cu-SSZ-13 are reported here. Furthermore a correlation between the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of
Narkhede, Vijay, Patel, Rajesh, Tinwala, Tanzeem, Sabde, Dhananjay, Kumar, Dinesh, Sidiquie, Touquire A
Smart and Compact Simulation Tool for Electric Vehicle Component Sizing2021-26-041909/22/2021
Electric Vehicles (EVs), with its inherent advantage of zero tailpipe emissions, are gaining importance because of aggressive push from government not only to reduce air pollution but also to reduce dependency of fossil fuel. EVs and necessary charging infrastructure along with ‘connected’ technology is redefining mobility. Considering the fast growing EV market, it becomes important for an EV Powertrain Architect to design and develop a powertrain solution having low engineering efforts at the same time satisfying business, market and regulatory requirements at a competitive price. This paper presents a compact, flexible, convenient and smart featured simulation tool for an EV Powertrain Architect for estimating the specifications of key powertrain components such as traction battery and electric motor. The proposed tool takes into consideration the end-user as well as the regulatory requirements of range, maximum speed, acceleration and gradeability. 1. The proposed tool is compactly
Pandit, Sachin, Mittal, Nikhil
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