Browse Topic: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Integrated Rupture Disk Assemblies for Cryogenic Equipment and Storage SystemsTBMG-4694911/01/2022
An animal experimental study of the repetitive traumatic brain injury cumulative effect for better pedestrain protection2022-01-105303/29/2022
Acute repetitive brain injury (rTBI) can occur in a pedestrian collision when the head hits the vehicle and the ground twice in a short period of time. In this paper, an animal model of acute rTBI was established to investigate the cumulative effects of repetitive brain injury under different combinations of impact levels. 117 adult male SD rats (190±20g) were divided into control, single impact and repeated impact groups, with the single impact group divided into three subgroups of mild, moderate and severe, and the repeated impact group divided into nine subgroups by combining mild, moderate and severe, and kinematic response parameters of the rat's head were obtained by high-speed camera and acceleration sensor. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed at 1h, 3h and 6h after injury; brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was detected at 6h after injury. Brain tissue was assessed macroscopically and the severity of injury was quantified using the abbreviated injury
Li, Kui, Wang, Peng, Song, Xuewei, Qiu, Jinlong, Zhao, Hui
Using Computer Tomography Images to Simulate Heart FunctionTBMG-3821312/01/2020
Computer tomography systems, also known as CT scanners, are found in most hospitals. They can be used for a simple investigation to rapidly determine whether a patient has cardiovascular disease — problems with calcification of the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen. The investigation is quick and the patient can go home immediately following the scan. If it is suspected that something is wrong, however, it means a significantly longer and more complicated investigation, where the patient must spend the night in a hospital.
High-Performance, Low-Field MRI for Cardiac and Lung ImagingTBMG-3796911/01/2020
A low-magnetic-field MRI system was developed that vastly improves image quality of the lungs and other internal structures of the human body. The low-field system may also be safer for patients with pacemakers or defibrillators, quieter, and easier to maintain and install.
Imaging Technology Could Improve Cancer SurgeryTBMG-3799911/01/2020
A new imaging technology uses the way light from lasers interacts with cancerous and healthy tissues to distinguish between them in real time and with no physical contact — an advancement with the potential to eliminate the need for secondary surgeries to get missed malignant tissue. Intraoperatively, during surgery, the surgeon will be able to see exactly what to cut and how much to cut.
Powering Up Medtech’s Modalities: Top Trends and Design ConsiderationsTBMG-3735008/01/2020
We are living in a digitally integrated and connected world. Evidenced by the use of smartphones, smartwatches, and other smart devices, there is no ending this trend. This holds true across many industries and applications, but is especially prevalent within medtech devices — a market that’s predicted to reach $432.6 billion by 2025.1
Facility Focus: National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringTBMG-3721207/01/2020
The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) in Bethesda, MD, is one of the 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the nation’s premier medical research agency. The mission of the NIBIB is to improve human health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies.
Stretchable, Wearable Coils May Make MRI, Other Medical Tests Easier on PatientsTBMG-3691405/01/2020
Anyone who has had a mammogram or an MRI knows how uncomfortable and awkward the tests can be. Now, Purdue University researchers have taken technology used in the defense and aerospace industries to create a novel way of doing some medical imaging.
Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation2019-22-000303/31/2020
An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The material properties used in the monkey model are those in the GHBMC 50th percentile male head model (Global Human Body Model Consortium). The angular loading simulations consisted of coronal, oblique and sagittal plane rotations with the center of rotation in neck to duplicate experimental conditions. Maximum principal strain (MPS) and Cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM) were analyzed for various white matter structures such as the cerebrum subcortical white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem. The MPS in coronal rotation were 45% to 54% higher in the brainstem, 8% to 48% higher in the corpus callosum, 13% to 22% higher in the white matter when compared to those in oblique and sagittal rotations, suggesting that more severe DAI was expected from coronal and oblique
Arora, Tushar, Zhang, Liying, Prasad, Priya
Iron Nanorobots Destroy Cancer CellsTBMG-3623803/01/2020
Drug-coated iron nanowires that can be guided to the site of a tumor using an external magnetic field before activating a three-step cancer-killing mechanism could provide an effective option for cancer therapy.
3D Inductor Technology Expands Microchip CapabilityTBMG-3617903/01/2020
Engineers have boosted the performance of 3D inductor technology by adding as much as three orders of magnitude more induction to meet the performance demands of modern electronic devices.
Low-Field MRI Improves Lung, Cardiac ImagingTBMG-3577301/01/2020
National Institutes of Health researchers, along with researchers at Siemens, have developed a high-performance, low-magnetic-field MRI system that vastly improves image quality of the lungs and other internal structures of the human body. The new system is more compatible with interventional devices that could greatly enhance image-guided procedures that diagnose and treat disease, and the system makes medical imaging more affordable and accessible for patients.
Magnetic Metamaterial Could Improve MRIsTBMG-3577201/01/2020
Researchers have developed a low-cost, “intelligent” metamaterial that could revolutionize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), making the entire MRI process faster, safer, and more accessible to patients around the world.
X-ray Measurement Approach Could Improve CT ScannersTBMG-3544211/01/2019
A new measurement approach could lead to a better way to calibrate computed tomography (CT) scanners, potentially streamlining patient treatment by improving communication among doctors.
Diamond Technology Enables Low-Cost Medical ImagingTBMG-3543511/01/2019
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines are employed to locate cancerous tumors and aid in the development of treatment plans, while nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machines are used to examine the atomic-scale structure and chemistry of drug compounds and other molecules. Diamonds are the key to a technique that could provide a very-low-cost alternative to these expensive medical imaging and drug discovery devices.
Facility Focus: National Science FoundationTBMG-3543611/01/2019
After World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt envisioned a world with a brighter future than the preceding decades — one in which science and technology could create more productive, more fulfilling lives for all Americans. To plan that scientific future, the nation’s first science agency was created to transition the wartime R&D experience — which yielded new discoveries such as penicillin, radar, and the atom bomb — to peacetime. In 1950, President Harry S. Truman signed the National Science Foundation Act to “promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes” to continue this legacy.
Hydration Sensor Could Improve DialysisTBMG-3534410/01/2019
A new portable sensor can accurately measure patients’ hydration levels using a technique known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. Such a device could be useful for not only dialysis patients but also people with congestive heart failure, as well as athletes and elderly people who may be in danger of becoming dehydrated.
Self-Affinity of an Aircraft Pilot’s Gaze Direction as a Marker of Visual Tunneling2019-01-185209/16/2019
For the last few years, a great deal of interest has been paid to crew monitoring systems in order to address potential safety problems during a flight. They aim at detecting any degraded physiological and/or cognitive state of an aircraft pilot or crew, such as visual tunneling, also called inattentional blindness. Indeed, they might have a negative impact on the performance to pursue the mission with adequate flight safety levels. One of the usual approaches consists in using sensors to collect physiological signals which are then analyzed. Two main families exist to process the signals. The first one combines feature extraction and machine learning whereas the second is based on deep-learning approaches which may require a large amount of labeled data. In this work, we focused on the first family. In this case, various features can be deduced from the data by different approaches: spectrum analysis, a priori modeling and nonlinear dynamical system analysis techniques including the
Berthelot, Bastien, Mazoyer, Patrick, Egea, Sarah, André, Jean-Marc, Grivel, Éric, Legrand, Pierrick
Spatiotemporal Imaging Exploiting Structured SparsityTBMG-3510409/01/2019
Spatiotemporal imaging contains a large class of imaging problems, which involve collecting a sequence of data sets to resolve both the spatial and temporal (or spectral) distributions of some physics quantity. This capability is exploited in numerous different fields such as remote sensing, security surveillance systems, astronomical imaging, and biomedical imaging. One typical example is hyperspectral imaging, which is a powerful technology for remotely inferring the material properties of the objects in a scene of interest. Ultrasonic and thermal imaging are other important examples of spatiotemporal imaging where high spatial resolution is needed for urban planning, military planning, intelligence and disaster monitoring and evaluation.
Magnetic Metamaterial Amplifies MRITBMG-3512009/01/2019
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of organs and tissues in the human body, helping doctors diagnose potential problems or diseases. Doctors use MRI to identify abnormalities or diseases in vital organs as well as many other types of body tissue, including the spinal cord and joints.
MRI Sensor Can Image Activity Deep Within the BrainTBMG-3443005/01/2019
A new way to image calcium activity is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and allows them researchers to peer much deeper into the brain. Using this technique, they can track signaling processes inside the neurons of living animals, enabling them to link neural activity with specific behaviors.
Patch Improves Care for NICU BabiesTBMG-3443505/01/2019
When a baby is placed into a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), its vitals are continuously recorded through electrodes placed on the skin with wires attached to monitoring platforms. Researchers are working to replace the wires with a patch that would allow parents to hold their little one while it's being monitored.
New Fast, Economical Bioimaging TechniqueTBMG-3389703/01/2019
Researchers at Rensselaer Poytechnic Institute (RPI) have developed a new approach to optical imaging that makes it possible to quickly and economically monitor multiple molecular interactions in a large area of living tissue such as an organ or a small animal — technology that could have applications in medical diagnosis, guided surgery, or pre-clinical drug testing. The method is capable of simultaneously tracking 16 colors of spatially linked information over an area spanning several centimeters, and can capture interactions that occur in mere billionths of a second.
Electrical Connectors: Design Considerations for Medical DevicesTBMG-3398603/01/2019
The myriad of devices used in surgical, interventional, imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic, sensors, and single-use medical applications use some form of transmission medium to transport electrical signals. While the construction of a cable seems relatively straightforward compared with the complexity of the apparatus it is connected to, the environmental considerations and regulations behind these constructions all bring with them additional design constraints. This article provides an overview of particular characteristics found in medical device cables and connectors along with some respective design considerations.
Customizing Implants With 3D Image ProcessingTBMG-3356201/01/2019
Long-term patient comfort is a key part in any implant surgeries. Accurate placements of implants, of knees, hips, and other medical devices, is crucial to reducing the risk of discomfort and the need for costly revision surgeries. Custom-designed implants and simulation is a field of growing importance, giving clinicians and designers freedom to tailor designs for patients and make more informed surgical decisions. In addition to streamlining the manufacturing process, this approach enables multiple implant variations and pathologies to be considered at the virtual stage through additive manufacturing. This is as opposed to finding and correcting problems through trial and error.
Microchip Tracks Smart PillsTBMG-3359201/01/2019
Researchers have developed a prototype miniature medical device that could ultimately be used in smart pills to diagnose and treat diseases. A key to the new technology is that its location can be precisely identified within the body — something that previously proved challenging.
Algorithm Enables Faster Analysis of Medical ImagesTBMG-3338612/01/2018
Medical image registration is a common technique that involves overlaying two images, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, to compare and analyze anatomical differences in great detail. If a patient has a brain tumor, for instance, doctors can overlap a brain scan from several months ago onto a more recent scan to analyze small changes in the tumor's progress.
Simulations Address Delays in MRI Breast ImagingTBMG-3325311/01/2018
Without a way to prove that a new MRI technique is safe for all women, clinical MRIs haven't been able to keep pace with the latest advances in MRI research. More informative cancer detection is possible with stronger magnetic fields that also, unfortunately, increase the risk of tissue heating during a screening.
Wireless System Pinpoints Location of Ingestible ImplantsTBMG-3320711/01/2018
An “in-body GPS” system was developed that can pinpoint the location of ingestible implants inside the body using low-power wireless signals. These implants could be used as tiny tracking devices on shifting tumors to help monitor their slight movements. The system, called ReMix, can track the implants with centimeter-level accuracy.
MR Coil for High-Quality ImagingTBMG-3306510/01/2018
Researchers have developed and tested an MR coil for high-quality imaging of the whole mouse. Such coils are required for preclinical studies of drugs, as well as for targeted examination of various body systems. Due to the design features, the new coil provides three times higher image quality than a commercial volume MR coil, usually used in such studies. The coil is low cost, and the manufacturing technology can be adapted for different studies.
Promising Research Could Lead to New Strategies in NMR and MRI Using Diamonds and LasersTBMG-3246208/01/2018
Defects in the lattice of diamonds produce more than just beautiful coloration. A new approach developed by researchers at UC Berkeley's College of Chemistry shows great promise for enhancing the signal from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using lasers without expensive magnets.
Selecting Gearhead Technology for Medical Imaging EquipmentTBMG-2974607/01/2018
CT scanners have far greater accuracy than x-ray technology but place more demands on patients. Getting the high precision, three-dimensional images necessary for accurate diagnosis requires patients to lie still on a table moving through a magnetic field created by a large ring of magnets that rotates around them. Although the fundamentals of these designs are limited by the laws of physics and economics, over the years, medical equipment manufacturers have made great strides in refining system mechanics to maximize patient comfort. They have, for example, reduced the duration of a single rotation from hours to below 500 milliseconds, which has shortened sessions dramatically.
Improved 3D Printing for Patient-Specific Medical DiagnosisTBMG-2975307/01/2018
What if you could hold a physical model of your own brain in your hands, accurate down to its every unique fold? That's just a normal part of life for Steven Keating, PhD, who had a baseball-sized tumor removed from his brain at age 26 while he was a graduate student in the MIT Media Lab's Mediated Matter Group. Curious to see what his brain actually looked like before the tumor was removed, and with the goal of better understanding his diagnosis and treatment options, Keating collected his medical data and began 3D printing his MRI and CT scans, but was frustrated that existing methods were prohibitively time-intensive and cumbersome and failed to accurately reveal important features of interest. Keating reached out to some of his group's collaborators, including members of the Wyss Institute at Harvard University, who were exploring a new method for 3D printing biological samples.
Erasable Contrast Agents Blink On/OffTBMG-2913906/01/2018
Researchers are working on “erasable” contrast agents that would have the ability to blink off, on command, thereby revealing their location in the body.
Evaluating Electronics Contract Manufacturers for Medical DevicesTBMG-2910006/01/2018
The ideal contract manufacturer is more than a transactional supplier; rather, it is a partner that improves the product and process. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) and electronic box build assemblies are critically important in the medical field. Today, most medical devices used in healthcare settings to diagnose, test, or treat patients, as well as devices critical to laboratory research, rely on PCBs in one way or another.
Near-Infrared Light May Identify Breast Cancer Patients Who Will Benefit Most from ChemotherapyTBMG-2875404/01/2018
A new optical imaging system developed at Columbia University uses red and near-infrared light to identify breast cancer patients who will respond to chemotherapy. The imaging system may be able to predict response to chemotherapy as early as two weeks after beginning treatment.
Metasurface-Based Technology Enables Safe MRIs for People with ImplantsTBMG-2836002/01/2018
An international research team has developed a device capable of improving the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units. The technology is based on local redistribution of a magnetic field with the help of a metasurface made of metal resonators. It was proven experimentally that the metasurface is capable of reducing the power required to produce high-quality images using an MRI unit. The use of MRI units of lower intensity makes it possible to make MRI diagnostics safe for people with medical implants. The results of this research were published in the Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 1
Optical Ultrasound Needle for Heart SurgeryTBMG-2816101/01/2018
Doctors currently rely on external ultrasound probes, combined with pre-operative imaging scans, to visualize soft tissue and organs during minimally invasive procedures, as the miniature surgical instruments used do not support internal ultrasound imaging.
Therapy Robots a Step Closer to RealityTBMG-2813001/01/2018
In tests, a swarm of robots measuring a few millionths of a meter long — about the size of a blood cell — were guided magnetically to sites in the stomach of rats. The robots were manufactured by coating tiny algae with magnetic particles. They could be tracked in tissue close to the skin's surface by imaging the algae's natural fluorescence, and in hard-to-reach deeper tissue by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Strain-rate Dependency of Axonal Tolerance for Uniaxial Stretching2017-22-000311/13/2017
This study aims to clarify the relation between axonal deformation and the onset of axonal injury. Firstly, to examine the influence of strain rate on the threshold for axonal injury, cultured neurons were subjected to 12 types of stretching (strains were 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 and strain rates were 10, 30, 50, and 70 s-1). The formation of axonal swellings and bulbs increased significantly at strain rates of 50 and 30 s-1 with strains of 0.15 and 0.20, respectively, even though those formations did not depend on strain rates in cultures exposed to a strain of 0.10. Then, to examine the influence of the strain along an axon on axonal injury, swellings were measured at every axonal angle in the stretching direction. The axons that were parallel to stretching direction were injured the most. Finally, we proposed an experimental model that subjected an axon to more accurate strain. This model observed the process of axonal injury formation by detecting the same neuron before and after
Nakadate, Hiromichi, Kurtoglu, Evrim, Furukawa, Hidenori, Oikawa, Shoko, Aomura, Shigeru, Kakuta, Akira, Matsui, Yasuhiro
Biopsy Robot Can Be Used in an MRI ScannerTBMG-2772410/01/2017
A biopsy robot made from 3D printed plastic can be used in an MRI scanner. The advantage of plastic is that the robot can carry out a biopsy (removing a piece of tissue) during a breast cancer scan in an MRI, which significantly increases accuracy. The Stormram 4 is a stimulus for the entire diagnostic phase of breast cancer; the accurate needle control, effectively real-time MRI scanning and a single, thin-needle biopsy enable quicker and more accurate diagnoses to be made. The researchers believe medical robotics is sure to become standard procedure in hospitals in the near future.
Self-Learning Device Could Increase Patient SafetyTBMG-2734209/01/2017
A technology being developed could provide an affordable, smart, self-learning device that, when placed into existing MRI machines, could allow medical professionals to monitor patients more effectively and safely, by performing concurrent medical imaging and recording for diagnostic purposes.
Neuroimaging Technique May Help Predict Autism Among High-Risk InfantsTBMG-2756509/01/2017
According to a recent study, functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) may predict which high-risk, 6-month-old infants will develop autism spectrum disorder by age 2 years.
New Technique Makes Brain Scans BetterTBMG-2732108/01/2017
People who suffer a stroke often undergo a brain scan at the hospital, allowing doctors to determine the location and extent of the damage. Researchers who study the effects of strokes would love to be able to analyze these images, but the resolution is often too low for many analyses.
3D Printable Implants May Ease Damaged KneesTBMG-2701306/01/2017
A cartilage-mimicking material created by researchers at Duke University may one day allow surgeons to 3D print replacement knee parts that are custom-shaped to each patient's anatomy.
ECT Imaging Detects Infections in ProsthesesTBMG-2610812/18/2016
Current ways of detecting infections in prostheses require patients to undergo burdensome imaging procedures, such as an MRI, CAT scan, or X-rays. Engineers at the University of California, San Diego have developed a new, non-invasive way of providing amputees with quantitative, diagnostic-relevant information about the extent and locations of the infection.
4D Imaging Captures Patients' Risk of StrokeTBMG-2561110/24/2016
Atrial fibrillation, the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia, affects 33.5 million people worldwide. The slow, sluggish blood flow caused by atrial fibrillation can lead to blood clots, which then travel to the brain and initiate stroke. The risk of blockage or hemorrhage of a blood vessel, however, is difficult to predict.
Superconducting Coil Improves MRI PerformanceTBMG-2530610/01/2016
A multidisciplinary research team led by University of Houston scientist Jarek Wosik has developed a high-temperature superconducting coil that allows magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners to produce higher resolution images or acquire images in a shorter time than when using conventional coils. Test results show that the new technology can reveal brain structures that are not easily visualized with conventional MRI coils.
High Field Superconducting MagnetsTBMG-2516508/01/2016
This superconducting magnet developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center comprises a superconducting wire wound in adjacent turns about a mandrel to form the superconducting magnet; a thermally conductive potting material configured to fill interstices between the adjacent turns; and a voltage limiting device disposed across each end of the superconducting wire, and is configured to prevent a voltage excursion across the superconducting wire during quench of the superconducting magnet. The thermally conductive potting material and the superconducting wire provide a path for dissipation of heat.
Metamaterials Can Enhance Sensitivity of MRI MachinesTBMG-2490306/01/2016
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