Browse Topic: Light emitting diodes (LEDs)

Items (653)

Testing new workflow .MobilityRxivProcess-2.0

SAE-PP-090735/9/2023

This paper discusses Virtual Iteration Method (VIM) using Virtual Test Lab (VTL) to reproduce physical test to the proving ground. In general, VTL using Finite Element Model (FEM) and Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) Model is capable to describe nearly all physical behaviors of complex vehicles. However, MBD models often contain uncertain parameters such as a stiffness and damping of bushings that reduce accuracy. With the help of VIM it is possible to compensate for these imperfections and to improve the output quality for fatigue life prediction. A number of car makers are adopting CAE to obtain initial design guide line. It is still difficult to estimate durability performance using a fatigue analysis in initial stage of a vehicle development. This study proposes methods to evaluate durability in an early design stage. That is the suggestion of strength criterion to satisfy target life using the damages calculated from the load history only before the initial decision of design shapes. Through a series of these processes, load conditions and allowable stress to be able to estimate the durability performances are calculated using static strength analysis in the initial design.

Mutagaana, Festo

Communication Transceivers Qualification Requirements - Ethernet

J2962-3_202109 (Historical)

9/21/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for ethernet physical layer (PHY) qualification. Requirements stated in this document provide a minimum standard level of performance for the PHY in the IC to which all compatible ethernet communications PHY shall be designed. When the communications chipset is an ethernet switch with an integrated automotive PHY (xBASE-T1), then the testing shall include performance for all switch PHY ports as well as each controller interface. No other features in the IC are tested or qualified as part of this SAE Recommended Practice. This assures robust serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier. The goal of SAE J2962-3 is to commonize approval processes of ethernet PHYs across OEMs. The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ethernet PHY suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers.

Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards

Snowmobile Headlamps

J280_202105 (Historical)

5/13/2021

This SAE Standard provides test methods, performance requirements, installation requirements, and guidelines for snowmobile headlamps.

Snowmobile Technical Committee

Capacitive Fuel Gauging System Accuracies

AIR1184B (Current)4/23/2021

This report is intended to identify the various errors typically encountered in capacitance fuel quantity measurement systems. In addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of fuel measurement accuracy using capacitance based sensing is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691. This document also discusses how to analyze fuel gauging system accuracy as a result of combining the effects of the error sources described here.

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee

Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall Width

J575_202104 (Historical)

4/9/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods and equipment, and requirements for lighting devices covered by SAE Recommended Practices and Standards. It is intended for devices used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in width. Tests for vehicles larger than 2032 mm in overall width are covered in SAE J2139. Device specific tests and requirements can be found in applicable SAE technical reports.

Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee

2.0.113.99 - *admin change pending* Comparison Study on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Jatropha, Palm and Petroleum Based Diesel Fuel

SAE-PP-003543/3/2021

The increase of air pollution and global warming is a threat for human life. Besides, the price of petroleum is increasing rapidly and the resources are diminishing. This obliged scientists and engineers to look for alternative sources of energy, which are cleaner and more sustainable. Biodiesel, defined as mono-alkyls of esters from vegetable oils and animals fat, is a cleaner renewable fuel and has been considered as the best alternative for petroleum based diesel fuel hence it can be used in any compression ignition engines without any significant modification. The main advantages of using biodiesel are its renewability and better quality of exhaust gas emissions due to their higher content of oxygen. The produce less soot and hence the feed stuck is plant it will regenerate the CO2 by the photosynthesis which ensures the renewability and reduces global warming. But these alternative fuels have faced some obstacles while utilizing in CI engines which are due to some of their physical and chemical characteristics. At this study the fuel properties of jatropha biodiesel and its blends (a non-edible feedstock) were compared with the properties of Palm biodiesel (an edible feedstock) and petroleum based diesel. The viscosity, density, oxidation stability, acid value, water content, iodine value, flash point, pour point, cloud point and calorific value of the samples were analyzed an discussed. The physical properties of the biodiesels are controlled by their chemical properties such as unsaturation level of fatty acids and oxidation stability. Results show that the viscosity of jatropha is higher than palm biodiesel although the density of palm biodiesel is higher. Oxidation stability of the biodiesel has impact on several chemical and physical properties and improvement of oxidation stability can make betterment in these properties. The results of this study will be used as a data backup for another research project.

Mutagaana, Festo

Daytime Running Lamp

J2087_202102 (Current)

2/4/2021

This SAE Standard provides requirements and test procedures for the daytime running light function (DRLF) and the lamps that provide it.

Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm

Foreign Object Debris Detection and Automatic 1 Elimination for 2 Autonomous EV Wireless Charging Application

SAE-PP-002302/3/2021

Abstract: Power pad designing, misalignment reduction, safety, automation, living object detection (LOD), and foreign object debris (FOD) 5 detection are the key challenges in the commercialization of the high voltage wireless charging of Electric Vehicles (EV). The interruption 6 from unwanted and sensitive foreign objects such as metal objects and living objects over the charging pads is an immense challenge for 7 the static wireless charging of EV. In this manuscript, the problem of interference due to foreign objects and living objects has been 8 analyzed and an innovative laser and sensor based FOD detection method is proposed and verified by developing a prototype setup. 9 Modeling and analysis of the effects of foreign objects have been performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Ansys Maxwell® 10 environment. The analysis compares the consequence of the presence of foreign objects on the wireless charging power pad. The proposed 11 method utilizes laser light and sensor for detection and two-dimensional signal processing for the elimination of FOD. The proposed 12 method is compatible with all types of static wireless charging systems without interrupting the power transfer and power circuit. The 13 proposed system has been analyzed and compared with the various available FOD detection techniques. The feasibility of the proposed 14 system has been assessed with the help of a o the bench hardware prototype implementation in the lab environment.

Anthony, Lindsay

1.1.201 - A Context Aware Automatic Image Enhancement Method Using Color Transfer

SAE-PP-002162/1/2021

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become an inevitable part of most of the modern cars. Their use is mandated by regulations in some cases; and in other cases where vehicle owners have become more safety conscious. Vision / camera based ADAS systems are widely in use today. However, it is to be noted that the performance of these systems is depends on the quality of the image/video captured by the camera. Low illumination is one of the most important factors which degrades image quality. In order to improve the system performance under low illumination, it is required to first enhance the input images/frames. In this paper, we propose an image enhancement algorithm that would automatically enhance images to a near ideal condition. This is accomplished by mapping features taken from images acquired under ideal illumination conditions on to the target low illumination images/frames. The proposed method consists of four steps a) Pre- processing b) a coarse level segmentation of the input image, c) searching for an appropriate images from the database and d) adaptive color transfer. Since our algorithm performs appropriate adaptive modification to various regions, the quality of resultant image is good even under low illumination condition. We have also done a quantitative evaluation using the entropy and contrast based measures. Results prove that our method performs much better both quantitatively and qualitatively when compared to the standard state of the art image enhancement tools that are widely used.

Mutagaana, Festo

051 - Development of a 0D Model Starting from Different RANS CFD Tumble Flow Fields in Order to Predict the Turbulence Evolution at Ignition Timing

SAE-PP-001891/30/2021

Faster combustion and lower cycle-to-cycle variability are mandatory tasks for naturally aspirated engines to reduce emission levels and to increase engine efficiency. The promotion of a stable and coherent tumble structure is considered as one of the best way to promote the in-cylinder turbulence and therefore the combustion velocity. During the compression stroke the tumble vortex is deformed, accelerated and its breakdown in smaller eddies leads to the turbulence enhancement process. The prediction of the final level of turbulence for a particular engine operating point is crucial during the engine design process because it represents a practical comparative means for different engine solutions. The tumble ratio parameter value represents a first step toward the evaluation of the turbulence level at ignition time, but it has an intrinsic limit. The tumble ratio parameter represents the value of the angular velocity of a single macro vortex, while the flow-field is often characterized by multiple vortexes, sometimes some rotating and some counter-rotating. The idea at the basis of the paper is: To develop a quasi-predictive 0D model for defining the final mean level of the turbulence at the ignition time. The model is fed by the curtain intake valve mass flow rate and the intake valve lift trend. In order to validate the 0D model the results were compared versus 3D CFD results. To extract from a 3D CFD flow field at IVC the type and the number of the vortexes. The 3D CFD RANS simulations were performed by AVL Fire code v. 2010. To demonstrate through some 3D CFD results that the flow field structure was a function only of the engine type and the load condition. Finally the flow field structure could be used in the 0D model on varying the engine speeds as a means of improvement of the model prediction capability.

Mutagaana, Festo

Front Fog Lamp

J583_202005 (Current)

5/13/2020

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines, and installation guidelines for front fog lamps.

Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee

Influence of Background Spectral Distribution on Perceptions of Discomfort Glare

2020-01-06374/14/2020

The advent of light-emitting diode (LED) technology for automotive lighting allows flexibility of the spectral distribution of forward headlighting systems, while meeting current requirements for “white” illumination. As vehicle headlights have become whiter (with more short-wavelength light output) over the past several decades, their potential impacts on visual discomfort for oncoming and preceding drivers have been hotly debated. It is known that a greater proportion of short-wavelength energy increases discomfort glare, and that increasing the background light level (e.g., through roadway lighting) will decrease perceptions of discomfort. More recently it has been demonstrated that the visual system exhibits enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity for perceptions of scene brightness. As a result, roads illuminated by light sources with higher correlated color temperatures (CCTs) will be judged as appearing to be brighter than those illuminated to the same light level by sources with lower CCTs. The present laboratory study was conducted to identify whether the increased scene brightness of a road illuminated with greater short-wavelength light helps to mitigate discomfort glare more than the same scene illuminated to the same light level, but with less short-wavelength light. The results indicate that the spectral distribution of the background plays little role in the degree to which it lessens discomfort glare. The implications of these results for vehicle and road lighting practices are discussed.

Nagare, Rohan M., Bullough, John D.

High-Resolution Circumferential Tire Tread Three-Dimensional Profiling Using Laser Section Technique and Photometric Stereo Technique

02-13-01-0001

3/16/2020

This article presents an approach for circumferential tire tread profiling using Laser Section (LS) technique and Photometric Stereo (PS) technique. The proposed approach uses a digital camera as the only data acquisition device, and one laser line generator and sixteen 5 mm white LEDs to provide different lighting conditions. LS technique uses the illumination of the laser line generator to measure the depth profile of one cross section of the tire surface, while PS technique utilizes the difference of the appearance of the tire surface under different lighting conditions to recover the geometry information of the tire tread with pixel resolution. The fusion of the two techniques results in a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) profiling of the tire tread. A system to apply the proposed approach was developed, with the necessary calibration steps explained, with a step motor for circumferential measurement. The performance of the proposed approach was validated with a 225/60R16 tire using the system. As shown in the experimental result, the proposed approach has successfully measured the circumferential tire tread profiling with 31 μm spatial resolution.

Song, Mengyu, Furukawa, Tomonari