Browse Topic: Light emitting diodes (LEDs)

Items (677)

Testing new workflow .MobilityRxivProcess-2.0

SAE-PP-0907305/09/2023

This paper discusses Virtual Iteration Method (VIM) using Virtual Test Lab (VTL) to reproduce physical test to the proving ground. In general, VTL using Finite Element Model (FEM) and Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) Model is capable to describe nearly all physical behaviors of complex vehicles. However, MBD models often contain uncertain parameters such as a stiffness and damping of bushings that reduce accuracy. With the help of VIM it is possible to compensate for these imperfections and to improve the output quality for fatigue life prediction. A number of car makers are adopting CAE to obtain initial design guide line. It is still difficult to estimate durability performance using a fatigue analysis in initial stage of a vehicle development. This study proposes methods to evaluate durability in an early design stage. That is the suggestion of strength criterion to satisfy target life using the damages calculated from the load history only before the initial decision of design shapes

Mutagaana, Festo

Effect of Circadian Interior Automobile Lighting on commuters

2021-26-013209/22/2021

Chronobiological studies elaborate the working of a biological clock, “the built-in timing device” in an organism and similarly define the creation of circadian rhythm of a human being. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus of a human brain detects changes in the surrounding environment through the eyes and tends to affect this circadian rhythm which in turn affects human behavior, hormonal cycles, sleep deprivation and even driving or daily commute. Melatonin released due to the photopic and scotopic signals received by the brain controls the amount of “alertness” or “sleepiness” in commuters which can assist in improved efficiency and prevent accidents while driving. Since inadequate lighting scenarios can not only affect the optical activity and visual orientations it does also affect the non-visual sensory activities by inadvertently disorienting the circadian rhythm. Advanced research in melatonin induced driving suggests increased sleepiness and low concentration

Biswas, Akash, Joshi PhD, Madhusudan, Singh, Mahendar Pal

Communication Transceivers Qualification Requirements - Ethernet

J2962-3_202109 (Historical)

09/21/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for ethernet physical layer (PHY) qualification. Requirements stated in this document provide a minimum standard level of performance for the PHY in the IC to which all compatible ethernet communications PHY shall be designed. When the communications chipset is an ethernet switch with an integrated automotive PHY (xBASE-T1), then the testing shall include performance for all switch PHY ports as well as each controller interface. No other features in the IC are tested or qualified as part of this SAE Recommended Practice. This assures robust serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier. The goal of SAE J2962-3 is to commonize approval processes of ethernet PHYs across OEMs. The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ethernet PHY suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers.

Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards

Communication Transceivers Qualification Requirements - Ethernet

J2962-3_202109-TEST-REC (Historical)09/21/2021

Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards

Snowmobile Headlamps

J280_202105 (Historical)

05/13/2021

This SAE Standard provides test methods, performance requirements, installation requirements, and guidelines for snowmobile headlamps.

Snowmobile Technical Committee

Capacitive Fuel Gauging System Accuracies

AIR1184B (Current)04/23/2021

This report is intended to identify the various errors typically encountered in capacitance fuel quantity measurement systems. In addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of fuel measurement accuracy using capacitance based sensing is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691. This document also discusses how

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee

Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall Width

J575_202104-TEST-REC (Historical)04/09/2021

Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee

Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall Width

J575_202104 (Historical)

04/09/2021

Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee

2.0.113.99 - *admin change pending* Comparison Study on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Jatropha, Palm and Petroleum Based Diesel Fuel

SAE-PP-0035403/03/2021

The increase of air pollution and global warming is a threat for human life. Besides, the price of petroleum is increasing rapidly and the resources are diminishing. This obliged scientists and engineers to look for alternative sources of energy, which are cleaner and more sustainable. Biodiesel, defined as mono-alkyls of esters from vegetable oils and animals fat, is a cleaner renewable fuel and has been considered as the best alternative for petroleum based diesel fuel hence it can be used in any compression ignition engines without any significant modification. The main advantages of using biodiesel are its renewability and better quality of exhaust gas emissions due to their higher content of oxygen. The produce less soot and hence the feed stuck is plant it will regenerate the CO2 by the photosynthesis which ensures the renewability and reduces global warming. But these alternative fuels have faced some obstacles while utilizing in CI engines which are due to some of their

Mutagaana, Festo

Photonics West 2021 Preview

TBMG-3863203/01/2021

After announcing that the SPIE Photonics West 2021 technical conference and exhibition would be postponed until March 6-11 at San Francisco’s Moscone Center, show organizers were forced to go virtual and take the event completely online due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Now called the Photonics West Digital Forum, the virtual event will offer a mix of live plenary talks, on-demand technical presentations and discussions, online networking and special events, as well as a digital marketplace with product demonstrations and the ability to make business connections. Like the live event, the digital forum will cover a broad range of topics and technologies from biomedical optics and biophotonics to industrial lasers, optoelectronics, microfabrication, MOEMS-MEMS, displays, and more.

Daytime Running Lamp

J2087_202102-TEST-REC (Historical)02/04/2021

This SAE Standard provides requirements and test procedures for the daytime running light function (DRLF) and the lamps that provide it.

Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm

Daytime Running Lamp

J2087_202102 (Current)

02/04/2021

This SAE Standard provides requirements and test procedures for the daytime running light function (DRLF) and the lamps that provide it.

Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm

Foreign Object Debris Detection and Automatic 1 Elimination for 2 Autonomous EV Wireless Charging Application

SAE-PP-0023002/03/2021

Abstract: Power pad designing, misalignment reduction, safety, automation, living object detection (LOD), and foreign object debris (FOD) 5 detection are the key challenges in the commercialization of the high voltage wireless charging of Electric Vehicles (EV). The interruption 6 from unwanted and sensitive foreign objects such as metal objects and living objects over the charging pads is an immense challenge for 7 the static wireless charging of EV. In this manuscript, the problem of interference due to foreign objects and living objects has been 8 analyzed and an innovative laser and sensor based FOD detection method is proposed and verified by developing a prototype setup. 9 Modeling and analysis of the effects of foreign objects have been performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Ansys Maxwell® 10 environment. The analysis compares the consequence of the presence of foreign objects on the wireless charging power pad. The proposed 11 method utilizes laser light and sensor

Anthony, Lindsay

1.1.201 - A Context Aware Automatic Image Enhancement Method Using Color Transfer

SAE-PP-0021602/01/2021

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become an inevitable part of most of the modern cars. Their use is mandated by regulations in some cases; and in other cases where vehicle owners have become more safety conscious. Vision / camera based ADAS systems are widely in use today. However, it is to be noted that the performance of these systems is depends on the quality of the image/video captured by the camera. Low illumination is one of the most important factors which degrades image quality. In order to improve the system performance under low illumination, it is required to first enhance the input images/frames. In this paper, we propose an image enhancement algorithm that would automatically enhance images to a near ideal condition. This is accomplished by mapping features taken from images acquired under ideal illumination conditions on to the target low illumination images/frames. The proposed method consists of four steps a) Pre- processing b) a coarse level segmentation

Mutagaana, Festo

Compound for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

TBMG-3851202/01/2021

Researchers have gained insights into a promising material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The substance enables high light yields and would be inexpensive to produce on a large scale. The newly generated understanding will facilitate the rapid and cost-efficient development of new lighting appliances in the future.

051 - Development of a 0D Model Starting from Different RANS CFD Tumble Flow Fields in Order to Predict the Turbulence Evolution at Ignition Timing

SAE-PP-0018901/30/2021

Faster combustion and lower cycle-to-cycle variability are mandatory tasks for naturally aspirated engines to reduce emission levels and to increase engine efficiency. The promotion of a stable and coherent tumble structure is considered as one of the best way to promote the in-cylinder turbulence and therefore the combustion velocity. During the compression stroke the tumble vortex is deformed, accelerated and its breakdown in smaller eddies leads to the turbulence enhancement process. The prediction of the final level of turbulence for a particular engine operating point is crucial during the engine design process because it represents a practical comparative means for different engine solutions. The tumble ratio parameter value represents a first step toward the evaluation of the turbulence level at ignition time, but it has an intrinsic limit. The tumble ratio parameter represents the value of the angular velocity of a single macro vortex, while the flow-field is often

Mutagaana, Festo

Selecting the Best Power Supply for Your Stepper or Servo Motor Application

TBMG-3814212/01/2020

Motion control applications have some unique requirements compared to most applications; two are particularly unique: 1) they have a peak power demand that is typically very high relative to the average demand and 2) the motors often act as a generator rather than as a load, and pump current into the power supply rather than drawing from it (regenerated energy or “regen”).

Tactile Robot Finger with No Blind Spots

TBMG-3819012/01/2020

Researchers have developed a new type of robotic finger with a sense of touch. The finger can localize touch with very high precision (<1 mm) over a large, multi-curved surface, much like its human counterpart.

Atomically Thin Light-Emitting Device for Invisible Displays

TBMG-3820812/01/2020

A bright-light-emitting device that is millimeters wide and fully transparent was developed. The light-emitting material in this device is a monolayer semiconductor that is three atoms thick, allowing it to conform to curved surfaces.

Products of Tomorrow: November 2020

TBMG-3799611/01/2020

This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.

Printable Light Sensors Can See Colors

TBMG-3797511/01/2020

Cameras, light barriers, and movement sensors all work with light sensors that are already found in many applications. In the future, these sensors might also play an important role in telecommunications, as they enable data transmission via light. Printable light sensors have been developed that can see colors.

Detector Senses X-Rays Over a Broad Energy Range

TBMG-3797311/01/2020

Getting an X-ray remains a little risky, as radiation exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cancer; however, researchers have discovered a new way to generate precise X-ray images with a lower amount of exposure.

Combined Optical Transmitter and Receiver

TBMG-3782310/01/2020

A new device made from perovskite — one of a large family of materials defined by their special crystal structure — can be directed in two directions: it can receive optical signals and just as easily transmit them. This means that text and photographs can be wirelessly transmitted from one unit to the other and back again, using two identical units, and can be done in real time.

Q&A: NanoLED Architecture Overcomes Efficiency Droop

TBMG-3781610/01/2020

Dr. Babak Nikoobakht and a team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a nanoLED with up to 1,000 times the brightness of conventional submicron-sized LEDs. They overcame “efficiency droop” — the drop-off of brightness after current increases past a certain point.

Optical In-Line VCSEL Testing

TBMG-3718707/01/2020

The market for laser diodes has recently experienced strong growth. The drivers of the enormous increase in demand are new applications and new technology concepts. Examples are face recognition in entertainment electronics, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) in automotive applications, and high-performance diode lasers that consist of several laser diodes and are increasingly replacing conventional laser systems in material processing.

A Combined Optical Transmitter and Receiver

TBMG-3719407/01/2020

Researchers at Linköping University, together with colleagues in China, have developed a tiny unit that is both an optical transmitter and a receiver.

Beyond LPW: Debunking the Myth that More is Better

TBMG-3719307/01/2020

There’s been a race to the top among industrial LED lighting manufacturers as they scramble to squeeze the maximum possible lumens per watt (LPW) out of their products. With luminaires now topping 220 LPW, and individual LEDs capable of output in excess of 300 LPW, it’s become a major competitive differentiator.

Researchers Develop New X-Ray Detector

TBMG-3724707/01/2020

Scientists have identified a new class of x-ray detectors based on layered perovskites, a semiconducting material also used in some other types of applications such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The detector with the new material is 100 times more sensitive than conventional, silicon-based x-ray detectors.

Q&A

20AUTP06_1206/01/2020

The sensor arrays that currently reside on the roofs of development mules will be hidden from view on future production vehicles. But how to conceal them without affecting their safety-critical performance? This design and engineering challenge, along with the growing trend toward larger, multifunction interior and exterior displays, is driving new polycarbonate solutions at Covestro, which was spun off from Bayer Materials Science in 2015. For insights into this new family of materials, editor Lindsay Brooke spoke with Paul Platte, a mechanical engineer by training who now is part of Covestro's marketing team.

Front Fog Lamp

J583_202005 (Current)

05/13/2020

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines, and installation guidelines for front fog lamps.

Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee

Artificial Intelligence Finds and Labels 2D Materials Instantly

TBMG-3683105/01/2020

Researchers demonstrated an artificial intelligence system that can find and label 2D materials in microscope images in the blink of an eye. Two-dimensional materials offer a new platform for the creation of electronic devices such as transistors and light-emitting diodes. The family of crystals that can be made just one atom thick includes metals, semiconductors, and insulators.

Organic Material for Printed Electronics

TBMG-3684605/01/2020

In order to increase the conductivity of polymers — and in this way obtain higher efficiency in organic solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and other bioelectronic applications — researchers previously doped the material with various substances. Typically, this is done by either removing an electron or donating it to the semiconductor material with a dopant molecule, a strategy that increases the number of charges and thereby the conductivity of the material. The process is stable for a while but the material degenerates and the substances used as doping agents can eventually leach out.

Defects Enable High-Performance Infrared Photodetectors

TBMG-3684905/01/2020

There has been an urgent need in consumer electronics for infrared optoelectronics including light emitting diodes and photodetectors. To date, however, infrared optoelectronics are served by costly CMOS-incompatible III-V semiconductors. Recently, a new class of semiconductors that addresses the CMOS compatibility issue has emerged based on colloidal quantum dots. When it comes to consumer electronics, the use of RoHS-compliant materials is a prerequisite and therefore there is a strong need for the development of high-performance devices based on environmentally friendly elements — something that in the infrared had remained elusive.

Influence of Background Spectral Distribution on Perceptions of Discomfort Glare

2020-01-063704/14/2020

The advent of light-emitting diode (LED) technology for automotive lighting allows flexibility of the spectral distribution of forward headlighting systems, while meeting current requirements for “white” illumination. As vehicle headlights have become whiter (with more short-wavelength light output) over the past several decades, their potential impacts on visual discomfort for oncoming and preceding drivers have been hotly debated. It is known that a greater proportion of short-wavelength energy increases discomfort glare, and that increasing the background light level (e.g., through roadway lighting) will decrease perceptions of discomfort. More recently it has been demonstrated that the visual system exhibits enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity for perceptions of scene brightness. As a result, roads illuminated by light sources with higher correlated color temperatures (CCTs) will be judged as appearing to be brighter than those illuminated to the same light level by sources with

Nagare, Rohan M., Bullough, John D.

Resolution, Accuracy, and Precision of Encoders

TBMG-3636404/01/2020

When you’re choosing an encoder for a motion control system, you’ll be faced with numerous technical terms. Which ones should you focus on first and which can be deferred? This article looks at three important concepts that deserve your attention: resolution, accuracy, and precision.

High-Resolution Circumferential Tire Tread Three-Dimensional Profiling Using Laser Section Technique and Photometric Stereo Technique

02-13-01-0001

03/16/2020

This article presents an approach for circumferential tire tread profiling using Laser Section (LS) technique and Photometric Stereo (PS) technique. The proposed approach uses a digital camera as the only data acquisition device, and one laser line generator and sixteen 5 mm white LEDs to provide different lighting conditions. LS technique uses the illumination of the laser line generator to measure the depth profile of one cross section of the tire surface, while PS technique utilizes the difference of the appearance of the tire surface under different lighting conditions to recover the geometry information of the tire tread with pixel resolution. The fusion of the two techniques results in a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) profiling of the tire tread. A system to apply the proposed approach was developed, with the necessary calibration steps explained, with a step motor for circumferential measurement. The performance of the proposed approach was validated with a 225/60R16

Song, Mengyu, Furukawa, Tomonari