This Aerospace Standard covers Flight Director Equipments which display to the pilot a computed command for the operation of an aircraft in accordance with selected Mode(s). The term “Equipment” may include controls, displays, computers, etc. and may include sensors if furnished as a part of the Flight Director.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Connectors, Fiber Optic, Advanced, Circular or Rectangular, Plug and Receptacle, Environment Resistant, Removable Termini/Contacts, General Specification For

AS5590B (Current)

11/30/2020

This specification covers the performance requirements for a plug and receptacle. The connector inserts may contain multiple termini or multiple termini and electrical contacts. The connectors use removable termini, or removable termini and electrical contacts, and are capable of operating within a temperature range of −65 to +200 °C (see 1.2.1.1). These connectors are supplied under AS9100 reliability assurance program.

AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee

Methods of Shield Termination for Two-Piece, Crimp-Style Ferrule on Shielded Cables

ARP7503 (Current)

11/3/2020

AS21608 shield terminating, crimp-style ferrule applications on shielded cables require various piece parts in multiple combinations to ground the shield of non-environmental cables. This ARP provides the recommended methods to ensure the shield ground wire is terminated correctly and the shield is protected. Refer to AS83519 for shield grounding when eviornmental resistance is required.

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Tiny, Magnetically Powered Implant Stimulates Brain Without Battery

TBMG-37344

8/1/2020

Rice University neuroengineers have created a tiny surgical implant that can electrically stimulate the brain and nervous system without using a battery or wired power supply.

Air Data Computer – Minimum Performance Standard

AS8002B (Current)

4/28/2020

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers air data computer equipment (hereinafter designated the computer) which when connected to sources of aircraft electrical power, static pressure, total pressure, outside air temperature, and others specified by the manufacturer (singly or in combination) provides some or all of the following computed air data output signals (in analog and/or digital form) which may supply primary and/or standby flight instruments: Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude, Baro-Corrected Vertical Speed Calibrated Airspeed Mach Number Maximum Allowable Airspeed Over-speed Warning Total Air Temperature

A-4 Air Data Subcommittee

Understanding the Implications of 5G Cellular

TBMG-361523/1/2020

The hype machine is in full swing with the latest standard in mobile telephony — 5G. This is the fifth generation of wireless, mobile broadband communications. It should not be confused with 5 GHz Wi-Fi, which is sometimes erroneously referenced as 5G. This 5G is a whole new ballgame and promises to be a revolution in how we live our daily lives — not merely an evolution of versions past.

Wireless Movement-Tracking System Uses Low-Power Radio Frequency Signals

TBMG-359872/1/2020

A system called Marko uses signal reflections to provide scientists and caregivers with valuable insights into people's behavior and health. Marko transmits a low-power radio-frequency (RF) signal into an environment. The signal will return to the system with certain changes if it has bounced off a moving human. Novel algorithms then analyze those changed reflections and associate them with specific individuals. The system then traces each individual's movement around a digital floorplan. Matching these movement patterns with other data can provide insights about how people interact with each other and the environment.

Electronic Warfare Weapon

TBMG-360682/1/2020

MBDA Hertfordshire, UK +44 (0)1438 752000

Electronic Skin for Haptic Interfaces Is Light, Tight, and Battery Free

TBMG-360242/1/2020

A system of “electronic skin-integrated haptic interfaces” jointly developed by City University of Hong Kong (CityU) and other academic institutions can help users of prosthesis to feel the surrounding environment.

Design and Handling Guide Radio Frequency Absorptive Type Wire and Cables (Filter Line, AS85485)

AIR4465A (Historical)

1/31/2020

This document presents design and application information which will allow optimized utilization of filter line wire and cable purchased to AS85485. Filter line wire is defined and design information is presented. The electrical and mechanical performance characteristics of the wire, along with recommended harnessing methods and techniques, are also presented.

AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install

Software-Defined Analog Filters: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Filter Performance and Capability

19AERP12_0512/1/2019

Among the most abundant components in all wireless system designs, analog RF filters are used to block interference from various internal and external sources. Limited spectrum divided among an ever-increasing number of users is further driving the need for these ubiquitous but in some ways anachronistic devices. Currently, interference is quite common among cellular base stations, satellite systems, radar installations, and other types of access and backhaul communications systems. Traditional filters are unable to cope with the requirements; in many cases, most often due to insufficient guard bandf. For example, in some international locales, LTE base stations and satellite receivers share the L-band frequencies. At around 3.5 GHz, 5G operators, CBRS radios, and military radars are trying to co-exist. To address this in-band interference, a new, tunable filtering technology is entering the marketplace, uniquely blending the best of both analog and digital technologies.

Software-Defined Analog Filters: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Filter Performance and Capability

TBMG-3566512/1/2019

Photovoltaic-Powered Sensors

TBMG-3571412/1/2019

Internet of Things devices require batteries that must be replaced frequently, which can be problematic for long-term monitoring. Photovoltaic-powered sensors were developed that could potentially transmit data for years before they need to be replaced. Thin-film perovskite cells — known for their potential low cost, flexibility, and relative ease of fabrication — were mounted as energy-harvesters on inexpensive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.

Research on the EMF Impact of Vehicles on Human Health

2019-01-504811/4/2019

In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the impact of electromagnetic field (EMF) from vehicles to human body has become a growing concern of consumers. The national standard GB/T 37130-2018 "Measurement methods for electromagnetic field of vehicle with regard to human exposure" was officially released at the end of 2018, which was attracted extensive attention of vehicle manufacturers, testing structures and consumers. GB/T 37130-2018 specifies the test methods for low frequency EMF of vehicles. In this paper, a comparison of the main technical contents between GB/T 37130-2018 standard and International electro technical commission (IEC) standard, Japanese automotive standard organization (JASO) and other relevant standards is present; and then a general survey based on the test method specified in GB/T 37130 standard is carried out by comparing the test results of multiple vehicle models, which can give the reader an intuitive understanding of the EMF level of vehicle.

Jiang, Li, Zhang, Xu, Cai, Shurong, Sun, Kaiyi, Guo, Chen

Robots Track Moving Objects with Sub-Centimeter Accuracy

TBMG-3546111/1/2019

A system was developed that uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags to help robots target moving objects with unprecedented speed and accuracy. The system could enable greater collaboration and precision by robots working on packaging and assembly, and by swarms of drones carrying out search-and-rescue missions. Robots using the system can locate tagged objects within 7.5 milliseconds, on average, and with an error of less than a centimeter.

Wireless Transceiver Quadruples Speed of 5G

TBMG-3526810/1/2019

A new wireless transceiver was developed that boosts radio frequencies into 100-gigahertz territory, which is quadruple the speed of the upcoming 5G, or fifth-generation, wireless communications standard. The end-to-end transmitter-receiver is a 4.4-millimeter-square silicon chip capable of processing digital signals significantly faster and more energy-efficiently because of its digital-analog architecture. Having transmitters and receivers that can handle high-frequency data communications is vital for Internet of Things devices, autonomous vehicles, and vastly expanded broadband for streaming of high-definition video content and more.

Technique Locates Robots and Humans in GPS-Challenged Environments

TBMG-3527810/1/2019

An algorithm enables localization of humans and robots in areas where GPS is unavailable. The Army needs to be able to localize agents operating in physically complex, unknown, and infrastructure-poor environments. This capability is critical to help find dismounted soldiers and for humans and robotic agents to team together effectively.

The Right Stuff for Aging Electronics/Intermittence/No Fault Found

2019-01-18899/16/2019

For those in the avionics repair and maintenance business, the acronyms NFF (No Fault Found), NTF (No Trouble Found), and CND (Cannot Duplicate) are, unfortunately, all too familiar terms. After several decades of frustration with this illusive phenomenon, it continues to consume an enormous amount of test and diagnostic effort and is the source of considerable cost and discomfort within the multi-level avionics repair model. There are undoubtedly many causes of NFF and all of them should be addressed. The question is: Where do you start and which solution will be the most beneficial? Our particular efforts have focused on the literal or statistical analysis of NFF, recognizing that if the system’s MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) has decreased, or if the device's NFF rate has increased with age and deterioration, a physical fault is most likely present. However, if it isn’t found during conventional testing then it probably only fails intermittently. Similarly, having an intermittent failure mode, it in all probability cannot be detected or diagnosed at testing time because of known and demonstrated limitations in the conventional measurement equipment used to perform the tests. In this paper we will outline the problem of intermittence and its testing difficulties. More importantly, we will describe the unique equipment and process which has produced overwhelming success in Intermittence / NFF resolution and MTBF extension. Our team-developed overhaul system called IFDIS 2.0 (Intermittent Fault Detection and Isolation System 2.0) incorporates all the necessary testing procedures and technological capabilities that are proving to be critical to the resolution of the chronic intermittent / NFF problem.

Knudsen, Hector I.

Shape-Shifting Origami Could Help Antenna Systems Adapt On-the-Fly

19AERP09_059/1/2019

Conventional reconfigurable electrical and radio frequency (RF) structures commonly used in applications involving real-time reconfigurability in response to fast varying operational scenarios require specialized substrates or complex electrical circuits. Origami-based RF reconfigurable components and modules offer a solution with unique properties. First, they enable reconfigurability over continuous-state ranges (as opposed to discrete states). Second, they do not require specialized mechanical support for multilayer frequency-selective surface structures. Moreover, deployable origami-based RF structures can achieve large surface reconfigurability ratios from folded to unfolded states. Finally, these structures allow for independent control of multiple figures of merit: bandwidth, frequency of operation, and angle of incidence. The tremendous increase in the number of components in typical electrical and communication modules requires low-cost, flexible, and multifunctional sensing, energy harvesting, and communication modules that can readily reconfigure, depending on changes in their environment. Current subtractive manufacturing-based reconfigurable systems offer limited flexibility (limited finite number of discrete reconfiguration states) and have high fabrication cost and time requirements.

Shape-Shifting Origami Could Help Antenna Systems Adapt On-the-Fly

TBMG-351079/1/2019

Graphene-Silicon Devices for Optoelectronics Applications

TBMG-346286/1/2019

Silicon is a naturally occurring material commonly used as a semiconductor in electronic devices; however, researchers have exhausted the potential of devices with semiconductors made of silicon only. These devices are limited by silicon’s carrier mobility — the speed at which a charge moves through the material — and indirect bandgap, which limits its ability to release and absorb light.

Helicopter Load Sensor

TBMG-345326/1/2019

Sensor Technology Ltd. Banbury, Oxon, UK 01869 238400

The ‘Relativity’ of High Q Capacitors

TBMG-345576/1/2019

For many high-power RF applications, the “Q factor” of embedded capacitors is one of the most important characteristics in the design of circuits. This includes products such as cellular/telecom equipment, MRI coils, plasma generators, lasers, and other medical, military, and industrial electronics.

Monitor Babies in the NICU Without Wires

TBMG-345816/1/2019

An interdisciplinary Northwestern University team has developed a pair of soft, flexible wireless sensors that replace the tangle of wire-based sensors that currently monitor babies in hospitals’ neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and pose a barrier to parent-baby cuddling and physical bonding. The lead researcher was John A. Rogers, a bioelectronics pioneer, who led the technology development. The team recently completed a series of first human studies on premature babies at Prentice Women’s Hospital and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. The researchers concluded that the wireless sensors provided data as precise and accurate as that from traditional monitoring systems. The wireless patches also are gentler on a newborn’s fragile skin and allow for more skin-to-skin contact with the parent. Existing sensors must be attached with adhesives that can scar and blister premature newborns’ skin. The study, involved materials scientists, engineers, dermatologists, and pediatricians. It includes initial data from more than 20 babies who wore the wireless sensors alongside traditional monitoring systems, so the researchers could do a side-by-side, quantitative comparison. Since then, the team has conducted successful tests with more than 70 babies in the NICU.

Multi-Agent RF Propagation Simulator

TBMG-345316/1/2019

A desirable interface between multi-agents is through over-the-air RF connections that include not only the intended direct RF communications paths but also highly variable multi-ray propagation, range attenuation, external RF influences, and near-earth influence. These influences are all difficult to predict, control, and repeat in an outdoor environment. This outdoor testing, as has traditionally been done, is extremely expensive while simultaneously providing fewer data points than more controlled events and the testing events are generally not repeatable.

Requirements Document for Sensor/Video Interconnect Subsystems with Rationale

AIR4911A (Current)5/14/2019

The purpose of this document is to establish the requirements for sensor/video interconnect subsystems. These requirements have been driven predominantly, but not exclusively, by aerospace-type military platforms and commercial aircraft. These requirements are intended to be used as the criteria to establish a sensor/video interconnection standard that will foster the development of common hardware to simplify the total interconnectivity of future avionics platforms.

AS-1C Avionic Subsystems Committee

Speed and Maneuverability Benefits of Sikorsky's X2 Technology versus Air-Defense Artillery

F-0075-2019-14656

5/13/2019

An aircraft's survivability in a hostile environment is a mixture of factors that stem from both susceptibility and vulnerability. Conducting analyses that incorporate these factors into a blended solution is vital. One such analysis was conducted using the government-provided Air-Defense Artillery (ADA) simulation tool Radar Directed Gun System (RADGUNS). RADGUNS provides a three-dimensional engagement space to conduct one versus one encounters against Radio Frequency (RF) guided threats. Complex user-generated flight paths can be simulated with varying relative starting locations of the aircraft relative to the threat being considered. The simulations conducted incorporated various aircraft parameters. Aircraft velocity, acceleration rates, deceleration rates, vulnerable area, and radar cross section (RCS) were the primary parameters whose effects were investigated. For each encounter, the Probability of Hit (P H) and Probability of Kill given a Hit (P K|H) were calculated, accounting for the susceptibility and vulnerability segments of the kill chain, respectively. A holistic metric of the kill chain, Probability of Kill (PK), and Engagement Time were the primary results of each engagement. Varying prominent aircraft input parameters can provide key insights in the prediction of an aircraft's survivability. This paper will focus on the benefits of speed and maneuverability, obtainable with Sikorsky's X2 Technology™ in the realm of survivability versus radar and human guided threats.

Foote, Bjorn, Robeson, Mark, Kaye, Jordan, Weintraub, Alexander, Kiser, Jay, Camp, Daniel

Potential Army Repurposing of Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Products for the Electronic Warfare, Tactical Environment

F-0075-2019-14547

5/13/2019

The miniaturization of Digital RF Memory (DRFM) products is paving the way for a new generation of military products with tactical missions never before considered. Although DRFM products have been available and used in various capacities for many years, a reduction in size, weight, power, and cooling (SWAP-C) will allow the repurposing of an already proven technology.

Menees, Brenda