This document covers the requirements for SAE implementations based on ISO 17987. Requirements stated in this document will provide a minimum standard level of performance to which all compatible systems, design and development tools, software, ECUs, and media shall be designed. This will assure consistent and unambiguous serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier. This document may be referenced by any vehicle OEM component technical specification that describes any given ECU in which the single wire data link controller and physical layer interface is located. The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ECU suppliers, LIN controller suppliers, LIN transceiver suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers. The term “master” has been replaced by “commander” and term “slave” with “responder” in the following sections.

Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards

Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Integrated Circuits - Integrated Circuit EMC Measurement Procedures - General and Definitions

J1752/1_202109 (Current)09/21/2021

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards

Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Calibration Method

ARP958E (Current)

09/01/2021

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice outlines a standardized and economical method for the checkout and calibration of electromagnetic interference measurement antennas. Its application is for use when measuring a source 1 m from the antenna in a shield room. This is the typical distance used in performing military EMC testing. The influence of the shield room on the measured field strength is not considered. This standard does not address the measurement of emissions from an unknown distributed source, yet it attempts to resemble reality by using another antenna, in the calibration method, that represents a distributed source. This document presents a technique to determine antenna factors for antennas used primarily in performing measurements in accordance with References 2.1 and 2.2. The purpose of Revision B was to include the calibration of other antennas, such as biconical, horn, monopole and small loop antennas that are also specified for use in these same references

AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee

Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Calibration Method

ARP958E-TEST-REC (Historical)09/01/2021

AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee

Facing 5G New Radio (NR) Test Challenges

TBMG-3986909/01/2021

It has been nearly five years since the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released ITU-R M.2083-0, with a roadmap to release IMT-2020 to address the anticipated future of 5G performance that would greatly eclipse that of IMT-Advanced and then-planned 4G technology.

Real-Time Network Defense of SAE J1939 Address Claim Attacks

02-14-03-0026

08/30/2021

Heavy vehicles are essential for the modern economy, delivering critical food, supplies, and freight throughout the world. Connected heavy vehicles are also driven by embedded computers that utilize internal communication using common standards. However, some implementations of the standards leave an opening for a malicious actor to abuse the system. One such abuse case is a cyber-attack known as the “Address Claim Attack.” Proposed in 2018, this attack uses a single network message to disable all communication to and from a target electronic control unit, which may have a detrimental effect on operating the vehicle. This article demonstrates the viability of the attack and then describes the implementation of a solution to prevent this attack in real time without requiring any intervention from the manufacturer of the target devices. The defense technique uses a bit-banged Controller Area Network (CAN) filter to detect the attack. Once an attack is discovered, the defender induces a

Campo, Matthew Timothy, Mukherjee, Subhojeet, Daily, Jeremy

Guide for Installation of Electrical Wire and Cable on Aircraft Landing Gear

AIR4004A (Current)08/09/2021

Recent field experience has indicated significant problems with some types of wire and cables as routed on aircraft landing gear. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to identify environmental concerns the designer should consider, materials that appear to be most suitable for use in these areas, routing, clamping, and other protection techniques that are appropriate in these applications. In recent years aircraft certification regulatory agencies introduced new regulations regarding Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) to further enhance safety of the associated systems and aircraft overall.

A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee

Radiated emissions testing gathers bandwidth

21AUTP08_0708/01/2021

In a non-descript business park in Auburn Hills, Michigan, Bureau Veritas (BV) is conducting tests to help prevent electronic havoc. With today's vehicles chock full of wired and wireless devices - and tomorrow's more automated machines destined to expand the complement - ensuring this burgeoning technology isn't radiating disruptive frequencies will be crucial to expanding functions and features. For the coming electric/autonomous age, radiated frequencies will become the new emissions challenge. Often summarized as electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, the BV facility (which sits in sight of the re-christened Stellantis North American HQ) provides a host of testing, inspection and certification services designed to simplify and speed vehicle development. The Motown BV crew does this by helping to ensure electronic components don't radiate spurious electromagnetic interference known as radiated and conducted emissions, and that they remain functioning even when subjected to

Seredynski, Paul

Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety Standard

AS4914E (Current)

06/10/2021

The purpose of this standard is to recommend minimum performance requirements to assist the specification writer in establishing a failsafe airplane interior Fluorescent light assembly design. This standard relates to the design of lamp ballasts, lampholders, fixtures, and installation of the same.

A-20C Interior Lighting

Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety Standard

AS4914E-TEST-REC (Historical)06/10/2021

A-20C Interior Lighting

Innovative IoT Sensor Applications Pave the Way to the Future

TBMG-3924406/01/2021

If you tell people that exterminators use temperature sensors to eliminate bedbugs, it prompts questions, and people want to know more. You can get the same reaction when you mention that landfill, entomology labs, and banana-ripening managers use sensor data to automate and optimize their operations.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105-TEST-REC (Historical)05/28/2021

This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.

Hybrid - EV Committee

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105 (Historical)

05/28/2021

Hybrid - EV Committee

Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification for

AS85049F (Current)

04/14/2021

This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Test Plan/Procedure for AS5643/1 S400 Copper Media Interface Characteristics Over Extended Distances

AS5706A-TEST-REC (Historical)04/14/2021

This document establishes test plans/procedures for the AS5643/1 Slash Sheet. The AS5643/1 Slash Sheet establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE Std 1394-2008 as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data bus cable and its interface electronics for a system utilizing S400β over copper medium over extended lengths.

AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee

Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification for

AS85049F-TEST-REC (Historical)04/14/2021

This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Test Plan/Procedure for AS5643/1 S400 Copper Media Interface Characteristics Over Extended Distances

AS5706A (Current)

04/14/2021

AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee

Research in OFDM-Based High-Speed In-Vehicle Network Connectivity for Cameras and Displays

2021-01-015104/06/2021

Growing trends of connected and autonomous vehicles have pushed for increased resolutions of cameras to 8Mpix and displays to 4K/8K, leading to requirements for high-speed interfaces that support 10Gbps and beyond. Unlike data center or enterprise networks which normally operates under controlled indoor environments, in-vehicle networks are required to operate in harsh temperature and interference environments. Due to cost restrictions, the use of single pair wire is prevalent for in-vehicle networks. In general, as data transmission speed increase, signal spectrum spreads across greater frequency range. Since insertion loss of a channel increases in proportion to signal frequency, it becomes more difficult to secure SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) margins as bit rate increases. This makes it increasingly difficult for a device (e.g. ECUs, sensors, and displays) with high-speed communication interface to meet EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) criteria imposed by automotive OEMs. If this

Kondo, Taiji, Ueda, Kayo, Serizawa, Naoshi, Koike, Tomoyuki, Kondo, Hisashi

TCU Testing at the Heart of Vehicle Connectivity

21AVEP03_0803/01/2021

Adding a telematics control unit to the vehicle and keeping it operational demands a focused approach towards testing this vital component. The wireless connectivity between the modern vehicle and the outside world is possible thanks to a constantly evolving component called the telematics control unit (TCU). The TCU is at the center of all connectivity-related use cases, so its operation must be flawless. Closely related to the TCU are over-the-air tests (OTA), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic interference (EMI) and automotive Ethernet. All should be kept in mind when designing the strategy to test TCUs. The TCU is loaded with multiple wireless technologies that enable the vehicle to exchange information with its surroundings. It is also connected to multiple components inside the vehicle, including other electronic control units and domain controls, via wired connections using automotive Ethernet and controller area network (CAN) bus. Connecting the vehicle to the

Kumar, Nikhil

Design, Development and Test Criteria - Solid State Proximity Switches/Systems for Landing Gear Applications

AIR1810C (Current)02/03/2021

This document examines the most important considerations relative to the use of proximity sensing systems for applications on aircraft landing gear. In general, the recommendations included are applicable to other demanding aircraft sensor installations where the environment is equally severe.

A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee

Landing Gear Switch Selection Criteria

AIR5024 (Current)02/03/2021

The scope of this document is to discuss the differences between electromechanical and proximity position sensing devices when used on landing gears. It also contains information, which may be helpful, when applying either type of technology after the selection has been made. The purpose is to help the designer make better choices when selecting a position-sensing device. Once that choice has been made, this document includes information to improve the reliability of new or current designs. It is not intended to replace recommendations from sensor manufacturers or actual experience, but to provide a set of general guidelines.

A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee

Processor Power and Energy Efficiency

TBMG-3834801/01/2021

Think about what your cellphone was like 15 years ago. Most likely, it could be used only for telephone calls — no texting, no photos, no videos, and no music. Think about your business trips then with your carry-on bag crammed with a camera, a portable CD player, a travel alarm, maybe a GPS, possibly a tape recorder, a day planner, a calculator, and more.

How Solid-State Technology Impacts A&D Equipment Testing

20AERP12_0112/01/2020

Electronic devices and equipment that operate in the aerospace and defense (A&D) environments must be rugged and operate reliably without human attention over long intervals. Their power requirements are very specific and demanding. To ensure product performance and reliability, extensive testing to ensure specifications are met is essential.

How Solid-State Technology Impacts A&D Equipment Testing

TBMG-3824912/01/2020

New SAE Wireless Charging standard is EV game-changer

20TOFHP12_0512/01/2020

SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 (www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/), helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical

Shuttleworth, Jennifer

Fuel Level Point Sensing

AIR6325 (Current)

11/30/2020

This report is intended to identify the various existing technologies used for a fuel level sensing system. In addition to sensing technologies, it describes the basic architecture of fuel level sensing systems and their association with fuel gauging system to increase integrity of fuel measurement and management. As the fuel level sensing system is generally based on electrical components within fuel tanks, a specific focus is made on fuel tank explosion safety protection. An overview of the capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee

Fuel Level Point Sensing

AIR6325-TEST-REC (Historical)11/30/2020

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee

New SAE wireless charging standard is EV game-changer

20AUTP11_0611/01/2020

SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle- and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 [https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/], helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical

Shuttleworth, Jennifer

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_202010-TEST-REC (Historical)10/20/2020

The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard

Hybrid - EV Committee

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_202010 (Historical)

10/20/2020

Hybrid - EV Committee

Designing Connectivity Solutions for an Electric Aircraft Future

TBMG-3788710/01/2020

Designing Connectivity Solutions for an Electric Aircraft Future

20AERP10_0310/01/2020

The levels of voltage and current needed in electric-powered vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL), personal air vehicles (PAVs), and rotorcraft systems are high and going higher. That's because electric propulsion motors, inverters, controllers, batteries, and sensor-laden electric aircraft require significant amounts of power. High voltages and high kW peak outputs present many implementation challenges. Designers can meet these challenges by understanding how proper product selection and a “follow-the-wire” design approach enable high-power connectivity solutions. Some of the hurdles that designers need to overcome include the following.

Aerogels Protect Against Electromagnetic Interference

TBMG-3765009/01/2020

Electric motors and electronic devices generate electromagnetic fields that sometimes have to be shielded in order not to affect neighboring electronic components or the transmission of signals. High-frequency electromagnetic fields can only be shielded with conductive shells that are closed on all sides. Often, thin metal sheets or metallized foils are used for this purpose; however, for many applications, such a shield is too heavy or too poorly adaptable to the given geometry. A light, flexible, and durable material with extremely high shielding effectiveness is needed.

Wearable Strain Sensor Using Light Transmittance

TBMG-3744508/01/2020

Researchers have developed a wearable strain sensor based on the modulation of optical transmittance of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-embedded elastomer. The sensor is capable of sensitive, stable, and continuous measurement of physical signals.

Portable Emergency Lighting Systems for Flight Crew Members

ARP1798B (Current)

07/14/2020

The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to recommend general design and performance characteristics for hand-held portable, emergency lighting systems (note: the portable portion of this system that contains the lamp and reflector will be identified throughout the remainder of this document simply as a “flashlight”) intended for use by crew members of commercial aircraft during any emergency situation, within or outside of the aircraft cabin, where emergency lighting is required.

A-20C Interior Lighting

Portable Emergency Lighting Systems for Flight Crew Members

ARP1798B-TEST-REC (Historical)07/14/2020

A-20C Interior Lighting

Brushed Versus Brushless DC Motors: What’s the Best Choice for Medical Applications?

TBMG-3723107/01/2020

The current global health crisis only serves to underscore the ongoing challenges faced by medical equipment OEMs. Consider the all-important ventilator. The system not only needs to adjust speed to augment patient breathing, it also needs to be suitable for bedside operation. It needs to be quiet and compact. Efficiency should be maximized, not just to minimize heat dissipation but also to reduce power consumption. Above all, systems need to be reliable, as the life of the patient depends upon the lifetime of the equipment. By making an informed choice of motor, OEMs can make great strides toward achieving these goals.

Connectors Lighten the SWaP Burden in UAV/MUMT Aircraft Electronics

TBMG-3681505/01/2020

Combat is being transformed by Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUMT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies that improve a warrior’s situational awareness. When a multi-platform communications system is employed, operators get the big picture of the entire fight as it unfolds. The time between sensors detecting threats and operators making decisions is dramatically slashed.

Connectors Lighten the SWaP Burden in UAV/MUMT Aircraft Electronics

20AERP05_0105/01/2020

Combat is being transformed by Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUMT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies that improve a warrior's situational awareness. When a multi-platform communications system is employed, operators get the big picture of the entire fight as it unfolds. The time between sensors detecting threats and operators making decisions is dramatically slashed. With MUMT, an immense amount of information, including video, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) data-obtained from high-bandwidth sensors-is rapidly routed between manned and unmanned airborne platforms, satellites, ground radar, remote command and control centers, and integrated tactical networks (ITNs). Compact electronics employing advanced connectors with reduced SWaP profiles make today's UAV innovations possible.

Auxiliary Power Unit Electrical Interface Requirements for Class Eight Trucks

J2891_202004 (Current)

04/29/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the design and application of a 120 VAC single phase engine based auxiliary power unit or GENSET. This document is intended to provide design direction for the single phase nominal 120 VAC as it interfaces within the truck 12 VDC battery and electrical architecture providing power to truck sleeper cab hotel loads so that they may operate with the main propulsion engine turned off.

Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee

Auxiliary Power Unit Electrical Interface Requirements for Class Eight Trucks

J2891_202004-TEST-REC (Historical)04/29/2020

Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee

State of the Art Survey on Comparison of Physical Fingerprinting-Based Intrusion Detection Techniques for In-Vehicle Security

2020-01-0721-TEST-REC04/14/2020

Controller area network (CAN) is used as a legacy protocol for in-vehicle communication. However, it lacks basic security features such as message authentication, integrity, confidentiality, etc., because the sender information in the message is missing. Hence, it is prone to different attacks like spoofing attacks, denial of service attacks, man in the middle and masquerade attacks. Researchers have proposed various techniques to detect and prevent these attacks, which can be split into two classes: (a) MAC-based techniques and (b) intrusion detection-based techniques. Further, intrusion detection systems can be divided into four categories: (i) message parameter- based, (ii) entropy-based, (iii) machine Learning-based and (iv) fingerprinting-based. This paper details state-of- the-art survey of fingerprinting-based intrusion detection techniques. In addition, the advantages and limitations of different fingerprinting-based intrusion detection techniques methods will be discussed.

Hafeez, Azeem, Rehman, Khurram, Malik, Hafiz

LOW COST ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING MATERIAL BASED ON POLYPYRROLE-BIO WASTE COMPOSITES

2020-01-022604/14/2020

There is a crucial need of Electromagnetic interference shielding in many of the applications in this digital world with low cost and high efficient shielding materials. Electrically conducting heterocyclic polymer polypyrrole has found its application as an EMI shielding materials due to its conducting property. Electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) coated on coconut fibres (coir) with different morphology, were prepared through in-situ chemical polymerization of PPy using strong oxidizing agent like ammonium per sulfate. The synthesized PPy on coconut fibre were characterised using UV-Visible spectrophotometer(UV-VIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which confirmed the product formation. The morphology was done using Scanning electron Microscopy(SEM).Thermal studies were performed by Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of PPy morphology and content in composite with coir on the DC conductivity and shielding effectiveness (SE) were investigated. The

Rathina Selvi, Sheeba, Krishnaswamy, Srimathi, Panigrahi, Puspamitra, Nagarajan, Ganapathi

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