Browse Topic: Electromagnetic compatibility

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Black Box Approximation of EMI/EMC Filter Parasitics2026-26-03681/16/2026
Selecting the right EMI/EMC filter is a major challenge when system noise levels exceed compliance or pre-compliance limits. Inline PCB filters are designed to mitigate noise in standalone conditions, but their behavior changes when integrated into a larger system due to unknown parasitics. These parasitics can disrupt electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), leading to non-compliance. To address this, engineers often use off-the-shelf EMI filters, but determining their real-world effectiveness remains complex. Even with simulation-based methods, accurately predicting insertion loss and attenuation is difficult due to limitations in conventional modeling approaches. Traditional SPICE-based simulations rely on static models defined at specific frequency points, with interpolated values for intermediate frequencies. This interpolation introduces inaccuracies, affecting the precision of simulated results. To overcome these limitations, we propose a methodology that reconstructs a realistic
Pandey, Devbrat, Unterreiner, Michael, Mishra, Arvind, singh, Ankur
Challenges in Compliance Testing of off-Board Electric Vehicle Chargers: Analysis of Typical Failures and Remedial Measures2026-26-05821/16/2026
As India accelerates the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) the development of a scalable, reliable, and efficient charging infrastructure becomes critical to ensuring the success of EV adoption. During type testing, the off board AC/DC EV chargers undergo a comprehensive assessment to ensure they meet safety and performance standards required by regulations. The tests examine crucial factors like electrical safety, EMC (electromagnetic compatibility), interoperability, environmental endurance, and mechanical strength. This paper provides information of the mandatory compliance requirements and highlights typical failure modes observed during the validation process of off-board chargers. Emphasis is placed on challenges associated with electrical safety, EMC performance, and interoperability. The objective is to support charger manufacturers to identify potential issues during design and development.
Murumkar, Aditya, Mulay, Abhijit B
Powering the Future: Addressing Power Architecture bottlenecks in Next Gen Automotive Platforms.2026-26-06881/16/2026
As the automotive industry moves from conventional function oriented embedded ECU-based systems to Code-driven system, the core electrical and electronic (E&E) architecture is also being redesigned to support more software-driven functionality. Modern and centralized architectures promise scalability and software-driven flexibility, but they also introduce significant challenges in power distribution-an area that remains underexplored despite its critical role in overall vehicle safety and performance. Our paper aims at the adoption of the traditional power distribution approach for Next Gen vehicle architecture. It requires a fresh look at how power is distributed. In a novel E&E architecture, a single power harness supplies battery voltage to each zone. If there's a failure or voltage drop, it can affect multiple functions within that zone at once, and management of voltage regulation, thermal dissipation, and EMI/EMC compliance becomes crucial. Adding to the complexity, safety
Borole, Akash, CHAKRA, PIPUN, Warke, Umakant
A systematic debugging methodology for identifying electric vehicle level EMC issues2026-26-05251/16/2026
Electric two and three-wheelers present unique challenges in electromagnetic compatibility testing due to compact packaging, high-frequency switching, and low shielding practices. This paper presents a systematic debugging methodology for identifying and mitigating radiated emission and radiated immunity issues in these EV platforms. A comprehensive approach is outlined, covering radiated emission measurement, Bulk Current Injection based immunity simulation, and near-field probing techniques. For RI evaluation, BCI testing in the 20 MHz to 400 MHz range is used to simulate radiated threats on the vehicle's power and signal harnesses. For RE diagnosis, conducted emission measurements on vehicle harnesses are performed using current probes to capture high-frequency currents. Additionally, near-field electric probes are used at the component to identify dominant noise sources such as DC-DC converters, Motor control unit, and improperly grounded shielding. Case studies on 2W and 3W EVs
M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay, Mulay, Abhijit B
Electro Magnetic Radiation Analysis for the Vehicle Cable and Shielding Techniques and Performance Assessment2026-26-05631/16/2026
This paper addresses the challenges and methodologies for evaluating radiated emissions from automotive electronic systems, which is critical for achieving electromagnetic interference and compatibility (EMI/EMC) standards. The rapid integration of advanced electronic components in modern vehicles has transformed automotive systems, their potential to generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) becomes a significant concern, particularly due to its impact on vital communication and safety systems. The study mainly investigates radiated EMI, which is the unintentional emission of electromagnetic energy emitted by HV cables in the wiring harness layout, potentially disrupting the operation of nearby systems. This study utilized CST Studio Suite to analyse the electromagnetic behaviour of vertically and horizontally polarized antenna configuration in electric vehicles. The simulated results are benchmarked against international EMI/EMC standards such as CISPR-12 and CISPR-25, which
MANUELRAJ, MASILAMANI, Narayanan, Siva Suriya, prasad PhD, Suryanarayana
Methodology to model EMI from E-motors and controller in the frequency range from 30 to 200 MHZ2026-26-05241/16/2026
As EMC testing for E-motor drives gains significance due to the involvement of high-frequency switching and high current systems, the radiated emission testing as per CISPR 25 necessitates utilizing an EMC-proof dynamometer to load the E-motor drives during EMC testing inside EMC chamber, which presents a highly complex and expensive testing arrangement. This paper outlines a detailed approach for modelling radiated emission without the usage of EMC chamber, by measuring conducted high-frequency currents on the DC and AC lines of motors and MCUs while utilizing a non-EMC-proof motor dynamometer under loaded conditions. In this paper the measurements are conducted in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 200 MHz where usually more issues due to switching noise occurs. The developed model facilities early stage diagnosis of potential EMC issue, enabling mitigation strategies before motor EMC testing. Validation of the method was performed through experimental comparison with conventional 1m
M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay, Mulay, Abhijit B
EMC Regulations of Construction Equipment Vehicles in India : Challenges and Solutions2026-26-01461/16/2026
Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEVs) in India is continuously growing as India being fastest growing country in the world in terms of Infrastructure. The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference, Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) and Safety perspective. CEVs include various types of machines including Compactor, Wheel Loader, Crane, Paver, Truck Crane, Cement Mixer etc. EMC requirements of all these types are internationally governed by ISO 13766-1, 2. This paper provides insights about various considerations to be taken during EMC Tests of each type of machines. It also includes guidelines related to antenna positioning, reference point calculations, Narrow Band and Broad band considerations. It will also provide general EMC guidelines and precautions related to component selection and placement along with typical EMC
Yeola, Mayur, Shinde, Avinash
Review on Conducted EMI by different PWM schemes in the EV Inverters2026-26-01811/16/2026
The advent of wide bandgap (WBG) switching MOSFET devices enables high-frequency operation, allowing for significant reductions in the size of passive components such as inductors and capacitors, and improving the overall efficiency of inverter systems. However, these benefits come with the trade-off of increased electromagnetic interference (EMI), which imposes stringent requirements on filter design. The complexity of designing EMI filters, which depends heavily on switching frequency and applicable EMI standards, presents a significant challenge and can impact development timelines. Carrier wave modulation technique is considered as an effective method for minimizing conducted EMI in traction inverters. This article presents various carrier wave modulation schemes that successfully reduce conducted EMI. The evaluated strategies aim to eliminate noise fluctuations and simplify the design of demanding EMI filters. Additionally, the impact on output voltage, output current, total
R, Kodeeswaran, Kuncham, Sateesh Kumar, Kolhatkar, Yashomani
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Wireless EV Charging with SAE J29541348410/30/2024
How close is the EV industry to commercializing wireless charging? The answer lies in the SAE J2954 standard which establishes an industry-wide specification that defines the acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. For the latest insight, we sat down with Jesse Schneider, CEO/CTO, ZEV Station, and Chair, SAE Wireless Charging Taskforce for SAE J2954, and Ky Sealy, Engineering Fellow, WiTricity, and Subteam Lead of Wireless Charging Alignment for SAE J2954, to discuss the recent developments and the next generation of wireless power transfer. For more on the evolution of wireless charging adoption from ZEV Station and WiTricity, check out Episode 166 and Episode 114 in our back catalog. And if developing industry standards interests you, consider joining an SAE Committee. For more information, please email Standards Specialist, Dante
Hineman, Marcie
Field Measurements of the Airflow in the Urban Environment: An RPAS Use-Case in Montréal, CanadaF-0080-2024-11335/7/2024
A use-case was conducted in Montréal in the summer and fall of 2023 to measure urban airflow characteristics using a small Remotely-Piloted Air System (sRPAS). The goal of the study was to acquire urban airflow data in a real environment in order to validate urban airflow characteristics from laboratory-scale testing conducted previously. The use-case took place in the downtown core of Montréal and involved flights from two hospitals to a variety of other buildings. The sRPAS was instrumented with an airflow measurement system. Fixed rooftop anemometer stations were also installed on top of buildings along the flight paths to measure urban airflow at altitudes within close proximity to rooftops. The study generated a valuable data set for characterizing sRPAS operations in urban environments. A number of operational challenges were experienced including the difficulty associated with visual line of sight operations with an urban backdrop, avoiding conditions that could lead to loss of
McTavish, Sean, Wall, Alanna, Barber, Hali
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis for e-motors and controllers of electric two-wheelers.2024-26-00981/16/2024
The Indian government has been promoting electric vehicles through various policy initiatives, such as offering incentives and subsidies to EV manufacturers and consumers, establishing charging infrastructure across the country, and setting ambitious targets for EV adoption. These measures aim to reduce the dependence on imported fossil fuels, mitigate air pollution, and promote sustainable mobility. As a result, the demand for electric vehicles across India is steadily increasing, and the country is emerging as a lucrative market for EVs globally. An electronically commuted brushless DC (BLDC) motor usually functions for traction in electric 2-wheelers. Electric vehicles need to comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. During the EMC compliance of electric two-wheelers, it is certain that the BLDC motor and its controller play an important role. This paper presents the BLDC motor and controller’s Radiated Immunity (RI) and Radiated Emission (RE) performance at
Pawar, Sneha Ravindra, Desai, Manoj Madhukar
Comparison between state of art performance parameter of GaN and SiC Converters for electric vehicle application.2024-26-01341/16/2024
Various aspects of vehicle design, such as powertrain, infotainment, connectivity, and driving assistance systems, are undergoing significant advancements and innovations in the automotive industry. To enhance the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, designers are exploring advanced technologies beyond the conventional silicon-based solutions. One such technology that is gaining popularity is the use of wide-bandgap materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) for power-semiconductor devices in electric vehicles. Wide-bandgap-based hard-switching voltage source converters made of these materials are superior to their silicon counterparts in terms of efficiency, but their performance depends on their utilization at high switching frequencies. To determine the best technology for future electric vehicle applications, researchers compared the efficiency of SiC and GaN devices by analyzing factors such as blocking voltage, conduction loss, switching loss, and
Mehrotra, Soumya, Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Pandey, Devbrat, Naithani, Hardik
Comparative Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiated Emission for electric powertrain and conventional Spark Ignition (SI) powertrain2024-26-01331/16/2024
Due to the transformation of the automotive industry from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles, new challenges have arrived concerning Electromagnetic Compatibility. Though the Radiated Emission limits are the same for both types of powertrains of vehicles, but due to the phenomena of conversion from high voltage to low voltage, rapid charging/discharging, and different components involved in electric powertrain, Radiated Emission from electric vehicles give a strikingly different trend which is challenging to combat. When comparing with the conventional Spark Ignition vehicle, many other electronic components of electric vehicle stay ON in the “Vehicle Ignition ON” state. Because of this, we observe a significant shift in the amplitude, and frequency throughout the frequency band of Radiated Emission measurement. This paper presents comparative analysis of the changing trends of Radiated Emission from Spark Ignition Engine to the electric powertrain in the “Vehicle Ignition ON
Pawar, Sneha Ravindra, Desai, Manoj Madhukar
Automotive EMC Analysis of Touch Sensing IC2024-26-03531/16/2024
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (Microcontroller IC) and its impact on the
Boya, Vinay Kumar, Adhyapak, Anoop, Komma, Vineetha, sahoo, Manoranjan
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Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane
Electromagnetic test setup best practices.2022-01-01513/29/2022
Abstract The automotive industry has increased reliance on electronics technology and wireless communication systems and the demand for these systems are still increasing. With this demand there is a need to ensure these systems do not interfere with each other which may cause system performance degradation or even failure. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a discipline that deals with interaction between electronic and wireless systems. During the EMC testing of an electronic component the environment of the component is represented to isolate the device under test (DUT) to determine the component’s EMC characteristics. Geometric aspects of an EMC test setup may impact test results without the knowledge of the test engineer. In this paper, electromagnetic simulation and measurement results will show the impact of one of the least obvious but most often experienced issues in an EMC setup – grounding. Grounding issues will be illustrated for low frequency magnetic field, radio
Sims, Douglas Andrew, Piper, Scott
Automotive RADAR Sensor Modeling with Multi-scale Electromagnetic Field Solvers2022-01-00813/29/2022
RADAR Sensors are going to be an integral part of autonomous vehicles. One of the main objectives of these sensors in autonomous vehicles is to get the doppler range profile for surrounding traffic. In this paper, we use a similar RADAR for ground speed sensing in the off-highway scenario. There are several challenges in integrating the RADAR sensor with vehicles such as sensor position from ground, location on vehicle, electromagnetic interference with other electronic devices, enclosure design etc. Ground conditions and properties are also critical in the off-highway scenario for speed sensing. We propose to use the physics based electromagnetic field solvers to understand and mitigate some of these challenges and speed up the design. Electromagnetic field solvers tend to scale poorly with distance of propagation, especially in 3D modeling. The computational cost increases dramatically, when wave propagation over multiple wavelengths is desired with FEM type solvers due to
Badgujar, Swapnil Eknathrao
Verification method for measurement about electromagnetic interference from a vehicle2022-01-01503/29/2022
In CISPR 12, Using outside ground or OATS that has metal ground plane is permitted when electromagnetic interference from a vehicle or a small boat is measured. If it is measured in anechoic chamber, the place needs correlation with outside ground and OATS. The purpose of this study is to get a method to proof site adaptability for electromagnetic interference measurement from a vehicle. In this investigation, a long wire antenna that has 0.5m length element same as chamber calibration method of CISPR 25. The long wire antenna is put on a ground plane that is 2.5m×1m and the ground plane is set 1m height from the floor. The long wire antenna is set 6 positions and measure each by each. In order to investigate a site characteristic, a simulation result and actual measurement result are compared. Through this investigation, we found a better way to proof a site adaptability for electromagnetic interference measurement from a vehicle. In this report, we will explain measurement method
Fujimaki, Takashi, Nojima, Akihiko, Wakamatsu, Atsuyuki, Asai, Hiroshi, Nakagawa, Akira, Nakamura, Keisuke
File Structures for a Node Capability File (NCF) and LIN Description File (LDF)J2602-3_202110 (Current)10/1/2021
This document covers the requirements for SAE implementations based on ISO 17987. Requirements stated in this document will provide a minimum standard level of performance to which all compatible systems, design and development tools, software, ECUs, and media shall be designed. This will assure consistent and unambiguous serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier. This document may be referenced by any vehicle OEM component technical specification that describes any given ECU in which the single wire data link controller and physical layer interface is located. The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ECU suppliers, LIN controller suppliers, LIN transceiver suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers. The term “master” has been replaced by “commander” and term “slave” with “responder” in the following sections.
Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Integrated Circuits - Integrated Circuit EMC Measurement Procedures - General and DefinitionsJ1752/1_202109 (Current)9/21/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice provides supporting information for the emission and immunity measurement procedures defined in the SAE J1752 series of documents.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
FPGA Technology for High-Speed Medical Image ProcessingTBMG-397689/1/2021
Detecting breast cancer early and minimizing false positives can make a critical difference in women’s healthcare. Through better detection, digital mammography can significantly improve radiology outcomes.
Facing 5G New Radio (NR) Test ChallengesTBMG-398699/1/2021
It has been nearly five years since the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released ITU-R M.2083-0, with a roadmap to release IMT-2020 to address the anticipated future of 5G performance that would greatly eclipse that of IMT-Advanced and then-planned 4G technology.
Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Calibration MethodARP958E (Current)9/1/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice outlines a standardized and economical method for the checkout and calibration of electromagnetic interference measurement antennas. Its application is for use when measuring a source 1 m from the antenna in a shield room. This is the typical distance used in performing military EMC testing. The influence of the shield room on the measured field strength is not considered. This standard does not address the measurement of emissions from an unknown distributed source, yet it attempts to resemble reality by using another antenna, in the calibration method, that represents a distributed source. This document presents a technique to determine antenna factors for antennas used primarily in performing measurements in accordance with References 2.1 and 2.2. The purpose of Revision B was to include the calibration of other antennas, such as biconical, horn, monopole and small loop antennas that are also specified for use in these same references
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Calibration MethodARP958E-TEST-REC (Historical)9/1/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice outlines a standardized and economical method for the checkout and calibration of electromagnetic interference measurement antennas. Its application is for use when measuring a source 1 m from the antenna in a shield room. This is the typical distance used in performing military EMC testing. The influence of the shield room on the measured field strength is not considered. This standard does not address the measurement of emissions from an unknown distributed source, yet it attempts to resemble reality by using another antenna, in the calibration method, that represents a distributed source. This document presents a technique to determine antenna factors for antennas used primarily in performing measurements in accordance with References 2.1 and 2.2. The purpose of Revision B was to include the calibration of other antennas, such as biconical, horn, monopole and small loop antennas that are also specified for use in these same references
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Real-Time Network Defense of SAE J1939 Address Claim Attacks02-14-03-00268/30/2021
Heavy vehicles are essential for the modern economy, delivering critical food, supplies, and freight throughout the world. Connected heavy vehicles are also driven by embedded computers that utilize internal communication using common standards. However, some implementations of the standards leave an opening for a malicious actor to abuse the system. One such abuse case is a cyber-attack known as the “Address Claim Attack.” Proposed in 2018, this attack uses a single network message to disable all communication to and from a target electronic control unit, which may have a detrimental effect on operating the vehicle. This article demonstrates the viability of the attack and then describes the implementation of a solution to prevent this attack in real time without requiring any intervention from the manufacturer of the target devices. The defense technique uses a bit-banged Controller Area Network (CAN) filter to detect the attack. Once an attack is discovered, the defender induces a
Campo, Matthew Timothy, Mukherjee, Subhojeet, Daily, Jeremy
Guide for Installation of Electrical Wire and Cable on Aircraft Landing GearAIR4004A (Current)8/9/2021
Recent field experience has indicated significant problems with some types of wire and cables as routed on aircraft landing gear. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to identify environmental concerns the designer should consider, materials that appear to be most suitable for use in these areas, routing, clamping, and other protection techniques that are appropriate in these applications. In recent years aircraft certification regulatory agencies introduced new regulations regarding Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) to further enhance safety of the associated systems and aircraft overall.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Radiated emissions testing gathers bandwidth21AUTP08_078/1/2021
In a non-descript business park in Auburn Hills, Michigan, Bureau Veritas (BV) is conducting tests to help prevent electronic havoc. With today's vehicles chock full of wired and wireless devices - and tomorrow's more automated machines destined to expand the complement - ensuring this burgeoning technology isn't radiating disruptive frequencies will be crucial to expanding functions and features. For the coming electric/autonomous age, radiated frequencies will become the new emissions challenge. Often summarized as electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, the BV facility (which sits in sight of the re-christened Stellantis North American HQ) provides a host of testing, inspection and certification services designed to simplify and speed vehicle development. The Motown BV crew does this by helping to ensure electronic components don't radiate spurious electromagnetic interference known as radiated and conducted emissions, and that they remain functioning even when subjected to
Seredynski, Paul
Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety StandardAS4914E (Current)6/10/2021
The purpose of this standard is to recommend minimum performance requirements to assist the specification writer in establishing a failsafe airplane interior Fluorescent light assembly design. This standard relates to the design of lamp ballasts, lampholders, fixtures, and installation of the same.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety StandardAS4914E-TEST-REC (Historical)6/10/2021
The purpose of this standard is to recommend minimum performance requirements to assist the specification writer in establishing a failsafe airplane interior Fluorescent light assembly design. This standard relates to the design of lamp ballasts, lampholders, fixtures, and installation of the same.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Innovative IoT Sensor Applications Pave the Way to the FutureTBMG-392446/1/2021
If you tell people that exterminators use temperature sensors to eliminate bedbugs, it prompts questions, and people want to know more. You can get the same reaction when you mention that landfill, entomology labs, and banana-ripening managers use sensor data to automate and optimize their operations.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) TerminologyJ1715_202105 (Historical)5/28/2021
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) TerminologyJ1715_202105-TEST-REC (Historical)5/28/2021
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Test Plan/Procedure for AS5643/1 S400 Copper Media Interface Characteristics Over Extended DistancesAS5706A (Current)4/14/2021
This document establishes test plans/procedures for the AS5643/1 Slash Sheet. The AS5643/1 Slash Sheet establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE Std 1394-2008 as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data bus cable and its interface electronics for a system utilizing S400β over copper medium over extended lengths.
AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee
Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification forAS85049F (Current)4/14/2021
This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Test Plan/Procedure for AS5643/1 S400 Copper Media Interface Characteristics Over Extended DistancesAS5706A-TEST-REC (Historical)4/14/2021
This document establishes test plans/procedures for the AS5643/1 Slash Sheet. The AS5643/1 Slash Sheet establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE Std 1394-2008 as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data bus cable and its interface electronics for a system utilizing S400β over copper medium over extended lengths.
AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee
Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification forAS85049F-TEST-REC (Historical)4/14/2021
This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Research in OFDM-Based High-Speed In-Vehicle Network Connectivity for Cameras and Displays2021-01-01514/6/2021
Growing trends of connected and autonomous vehicles have pushed for increased resolutions of cameras to 8Mpix and displays to 4K/8K, leading to requirements for high-speed interfaces that support 10Gbps and beyond. Unlike data center or enterprise networks which normally operates under controlled indoor environments, in-vehicle networks are required to operate in harsh temperature and interference environments. Due to cost restrictions, the use of single pair wire is prevalent for in-vehicle networks. In general, as data transmission speed increase, signal spectrum spreads across greater frequency range. Since insertion loss of a channel increases in proportion to signal frequency, it becomes more difficult to secure SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) margins as bit rate increases. This makes it increasingly difficult for a device (e.g. ECUs, sensors, and displays) with high-speed communication interface to meet EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) criteria imposed by automotive OEMs. If this
Kondo, Taiji, Ueda, Kayo, Serizawa, Naoshi, Koike, Tomoyuki, Kondo, Hisashi
TCU Testing at the Heart of Vehicle Connectivity21AVEP03_083/1/2021
Adding a telematics control unit to the vehicle and keeping it operational demands a focused approach towards testing this vital component. The wireless connectivity between the modern vehicle and the outside world is possible thanks to a constantly evolving component called the telematics control unit (TCU). The TCU is at the center of all connectivity-related use cases, so its operation must be flawless. Closely related to the TCU are over-the-air tests (OTA), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic interference (EMI) and automotive Ethernet. All should be kept in mind when designing the strategy to test TCUs. The TCU is loaded with multiple wireless technologies that enable the vehicle to exchange information with its surroundings. It is also connected to multiple components inside the vehicle, including other electronic control units and domain controls, via wired connections using automotive Ethernet and controller area network (CAN) bus. Connecting the vehicle to the
Kumar, Nikhil
Design, Development and Test Criteria - Solid State Proximity Switches/Systems for Landing Gear ApplicationsAIR1810C (Current)2/3/2021
This document examines the most important considerations relative to the use of proximity sensing systems for applications on aircraft landing gear. In general, the recommendations included are applicable to other demanding aircraft sensor installations where the environment is equally severe.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Landing Gear Switch Selection CriteriaAIR5024 (Current)2/3/2021
The scope of this document is to discuss the differences between electromechanical and proximity position sensing devices when used on landing gears. It also contains information, which may be helpful, when applying either type of technology after the selection has been made. The purpose is to help the designer make better choices when selecting a position-sensing device. Once that choice has been made, this document includes information to improve the reliability of new or current designs. It is not intended to replace recommendations from sensor manufacturers or actual experience, but to provide a set of general guidelines.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Processor Power and Energy EfficiencyTBMG-383481/1/2021
Think about what your cellphone was like 15 years ago. Most likely, it could be used only for telephone calls — no texting, no photos, no videos, and no music. Think about your business trips then with your carry-on bag crammed with a camera, a portable CD player, a travel alarm, maybe a GPS, possibly a tape recorder, a day planner, a calculator, and more.
How Solid-State Technology Impacts A&D Equipment Testing20AERP12_0112/1/2020
Electronic devices and equipment that operate in the aerospace and defense (A&D) environments must be rugged and operate reliably without human attention over long intervals. Their power requirements are very specific and demanding. To ensure product performance and reliability, extensive testing to ensure specifications are met is essential.
How Solid-State Technology Impacts A&D Equipment TestingTBMG-3824912/1/2020
Electronic devices and equipment that operate in the aerospace and defense (A&D) environments must be rugged and operate reliably without human attention over long intervals. Their power requirements are very specific and demanding. To ensure product performance and reliability, extensive testing to ensure specifications are met is essential.
New SAE Wireless Charging standard is EV game-changer20TOFHP12_0512/1/2020
SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 (www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/), helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical
Shuttleworth, Jennifer
Fuel Level Point SensingAIR6325 (Current)11/30/2020
This report is intended to identify the various existing technologies used for a fuel level sensing system. In addition to sensing technologies, it describes the basic architecture of fuel level sensing systems and their association with fuel gauging system to increase integrity of fuel measurement and management. As the fuel level sensing system is generally based on electrical components within fuel tanks, a specific focus is made on fuel tank explosion safety protection. An overview of the capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.
AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee
Fuel Level Point SensingAIR6325-TEST-REC (Historical)11/30/2020
This report is intended to identify the various existing technologies used for a fuel level sensing system. In addition to sensing technologies, it describes the basic architecture of fuel level sensing systems and their association with fuel gauging system to increase integrity of fuel measurement and management. As the fuel level sensing system is generally based on electrical components within fuel tanks, a specific focus is made on fuel tank explosion safety protection. An overview of the capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.
AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee
New SAE wireless charging standard is EV game-changer20AUTP11_0611/1/2020
SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle- and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 [https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/], helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical
Shuttleworth, Jennifer
Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Emissions Filtering: Attenuation vs. Leakage Trade-OffTBMG-3806111/1/2020
The AC/DC power converter is often the sole interface between a piece of equipment and a building’s electrical installation, which is in turn connected to any number of other off-line systems. It is also the element separating the hazardous high voltage mains from user-facing safety extra low voltage (SELV) networks. Accordingly, AC/DC power converters fall under a great deal of regulatory scrutiny, with mandates ranging from energy efficiency to safety to electromagnetic immunity and emissions. The requirements of each regulatory authority can often spawn contradictions in the resulting engineered solutions.
Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment MethodologyJ2954_202010 (Historical)10/20/2020
The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard
Hybrid - EV Committee
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