Browse Topic: Alternators

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BALL BEARINGS.06000204/23/2025
HESS, HENRY
CSP-7124 testTATSIANA07/17/2024
QA Test
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
CSP-7124 QA TestTATSIANAA07/15/2024
QA Testing
Aviation Maintenance Committee
PrePrint Testing - Tatsiana 0153PMSAE-PP-0944707/12/2024
QA Test
Mutagaana, Festo
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV01202304/15/2024
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV012023-TEST-REC04/15/2024
QA Test 032124SAE-PP-0921903/21/2024
Test
Mutagaana, Festo
Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing ProductAMS1435E (Current)03/12/2024
This specification covers runway deicing and anti-icing products in the form of a liquid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing ProductAMS1435E-TEST-REC (Current)03/12/2024
This specification covers runway deicing and anti-icing products in the form of a liquid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model2023-01-5003-TEST-REC01/04/2023
Abstract Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and
Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren
Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model2023-01-500301/04/2023
Abstract Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and
Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren
0071 - Testing DownloadSAE-PP-0042009/13/2021
The combustion occurring in an internal combustion engine subsequently emits high-intensity acoustic pulse along with exhaust gas flow. Formula SAE competition is imposing restrictions on acoustic emissions from an engine, which necessitates the activity of design and optimization of a high-performance muffler. The muffler has to be designed with the objectives of satisfying acoustic emission norms imposed and as well strategically designed to have less obstruction to exhaust flow and being lightweight to maintain the integrity of a Formula Student car. A novel approach of combining the effect of adsorptive and resonating muffler design has been inculcated in this work after the estimation of muffler size and resonance. The acoustic pressure analysis and exhaust flow efficiency are carried out using Ricardo WAVE. These simulation results are validated with the developed prototype. The developed prototype is ascertained to fulfil the requirement of acoustic emission norms (103 dB[C
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay, Mutagaana, Festo, Mutz, Jennifer
confirmation testSAE-PP-0041708/31/2021
confirmation test
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Mutagaana, Festo, Anthony, Lindsay, Mutagaana, Festo, SintzUSER, Jeneane
Stationary Sound Testing of Snowmobiles, Procedure and Enforcement IssuesJ2641_202105 (Current)05/13/2021
This SAE Information Report provides basic information about the issues surrounding the administration of stationary, infield sound testing of snowmobiles. The information provided herein is meant to enhance safety, improve the environment, and promote uniform testing.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Measurement of Exhaust Sound Levels of Stationary SnowmobilesJ2567_202105 (Current)05/13/2021
This SAE Standard establishes the test procedure, environment, and instrumentation for determining the sound levels of snowmobiles in the stationary test mode. This test method is intended to provide an accurate measurement of exhaust and other engine noise and may be used to evaluate new and in-use snowmobiles to determine compliance with noise control regulations. Sound level measurements obtained with this test method are not intended as an engineering determination of overall machine noise. For this purpose, the use of SAE J192 is recommended.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Measurement of Exterior Sound Levels for Heavy Trucks Under Stationary ConditionsJ1096_202104 (Current)04/22/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the test procedure, environment, and instrumentation for determining the maximum exterior sound level of highway motor trucks and truck tractors over 4540 kg gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) with governed engines under stationary vehicle conditions. The basic procedure involves a full throttle engine acceleration and a closed throttle deceleration with the engine inertia as the load.
Light Vehicle Exterior Sound Level Standards Committee
Modeling and Analysis for Dynamic Performances of a Two-Layer Engine Front End Accessory Drive System with an Overrunning Alternator Decoupler2021-01-065604/06/2021
Two-layer engine front end accessory drive systems (TEFEADS) are adopted generally by commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of the accessory pulleys, which have large torque and moment of inertia. An overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) is an advanced vibration isolator which can reduce the amplitude of torsional vibration of alternator rotor effectively by an one-way transmission and they are more and more widely used in vehicles. This paper established a model of a generic layout of a TEFEADS with an OAD. The coupling effect between the TEFEADS, the nonlinear characteristics of OAD, the torsional vibration of crankshaft and the creeping on the belt were taken into account. A nine pulleys model was provided as a study example, the dynamic responses, which are respectively under steady and accelerating conditions, of the system were calculated by the established method and compared with the bench experiment. The influence of different belt material, the stiffness of OAD
Sun, Yi, Li, Liping, Shangguan, Wen-Bin
The $and operator uses short-circuit evaluationSAE-PP-0036803/13/2021
$and performs a logical AND operation on an array of one or more expressions (e.g. , , etc.) and selects the documents that satisfy all the expressions in the array. The $and operator uses short-circuit evaluation. If the first expression (e.g. ) evaluates to false, MongoDB will not evaluate the remaining expressions.
SintzADMIN, Jeneane
Design and Optimization of SAE Vehiclejms 2nd editSAE-PP-0036303/11/2021
The combustion occurring in an internal combustion engine subsequently emits high-intensity acoustic pulse along with exhaust gas flow. Formula SAE competition is imposing restrictions on acoustic emissions from an engine, which necessitates the activity of design and optimization of a high-performance muffler. The muffler has to be designed with the objectives of satisfying acoustic emission norms imposed and as well strategically designed to have less obstruction to exhaust flow and being lightweight to maintain the integrity of a Formula Student car. A novel approach of combining the effect of adsorptive and resonating muffler design has been inculcated in this work after the estimation of muffler size and resonance. The acoustic pressure analysis and exhaust flow efficiency are carried out using Ricardo WAVE. These simulation results are validated with the developed prototype. The developed prototype is ascertained to fulfil the requirement of acoustic emission norms (103 dB[C
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, Mutz, Jennifer
quick test jmsSAE-PP-0034903/01/2021
quick test - additional notes
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay
Maximum Exterior Sound Level for SnowmobilesJ192_202103 (Current)03/01/2021
This SAE Standard establishes the instrumentation, test site, and test procedure for determining the maximum exterior sound level for snowmobiles.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Operational Sound Level Measurement Procedure for SnowmobilesJ1161_202103 (Current)03/01/2021
This SAE Standard establishes a uniform test procedure for determining the exterior operational sound level for snowmobiles.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Maximum Exterior Sound Level for SnowmobilesJ192_202103-TEST-REC (Historical)03/01/2021
This SAE Standard establishes the instrumentation, test site, and test procedure for determining the maximum exterior sound level for snowmobiles.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
jms testSAE-PP-0031102/16/2021
jms test
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay
Snowmobile Brake Control SystemsJ1282_202101 (Current)01/27/2021
This SAE Standard establishes a uniform testing procedure and performance requirements for a snowmobile brake control systems.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Measurement of Noise Emitted by Accelerating Road VehiclesJ2805_202005 (Current)05/07/2020
This SAE Standard is equivalent to ISO 362-1:2015 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the noise emitted by road vehicles of categories M and N under typical urban traffic conditions. It excludes vehicles of category L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. The specifications are intended to reproduce the level of noise generated by the principal noise sources during normal driving in urban traffic. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. The test method requires an acoustical environment that is obtained only in an extensive open space. Such conditions are usually provided for during: Measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification and/or type approval. Measurements at the manufacturing stage. Measurements at official testing stations.
Light Vehicle Exterior Sound Level Standards Committee
Measurement of Noise Emitted by Accelerating Road VehiclesJ2805_202005-TEST-REC (Historical)05/07/2020
This SAE Standard is equivalent to ISO 362-1:2015 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the noise emitted by road vehicles of categories M and N under typical urban traffic conditions. It excludes vehicles of category L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. The specifications are intended to reproduce the level of noise generated by the principal noise sources during normal driving in urban traffic. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. The test method requires an acoustical environment that is obtained only in an extensive open space. Such conditions are usually provided for during: Measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification and/or type approval. Measurements at the manufacturing stage. Measurements at official testing stations.
Light Vehicle Exterior Sound Level Standards Committee
A MATLAB Simulink Based Co-Simulation Approach for a Vehicle Systems Model Integration Architecture2020-01-000503/10/2020
In this paper, a MATLAB-Simulink based general co-simulation approach is presented which supports multi-resolution simulation of distributed models in an integrated architecture. This approach was applied to simulating aircraft thermal performance in our Vehicle Systems Model Integration (VSMI) framework. A representative advanced aircraft thermal management system consisting of an engine, engine fuel thermal management system, aircraft fuel thermal management system and a power and thermal management system was used to evaluate the advantages and tradeoffs in using a co-simulation approach to system integration modeling. For a system constituting of multiple interacting sub-systems, an integrated model architecture can rapidly, and cost effectively address technology insertions and system evaluations. Utilizing standalone sub-system models with table-based boundary conditions often fails to effectively capture dynamic subsystem interactions that occurs in an integrated system
Raczkowski, Brian C., Jones, Nicholas, Deppen, Tim, Lucas, Charles, Yeu, Rodney, Walters, Eric, Donovan, Adam, Patnaik, Soumya, Bodie, Mark
Ultra-Lean Pre-Chamber Gasoline Engine for Future Hybrid Powertrains2019-24-010409/09/2019
Lean burn gasoline spark-ignition engines can support the reduction of CO2 emissions for future hybrid passenger cars. Very high efficiencies and very low NOx raw emissions can be achieved, if relative air/fuel ratios λ of 2 and above can be reached. The biggest challenge here is to assure a reliable ignition process and to enhance the fuel oxidation in order to achieve a short burn duration and a good combustion stability. This article aims at introducing an innovative combustion system fully optimized for ultra-lean operation and very high efficiency. Thereto, a new cylinder head concept has been realized with high peak firing pressure capability and with a low surface-to-volume ratio at high compression ratios. 1D and 3D simulations have been performed to optimize the compression ratio, charge motion and intake valve lift. Numerical calculations also supported the development of the ignition system. Stable ignition and fast flame propagation were achieved thanks to a centrally
Serrano, David, Zaccardi, Jean-Marc, Müller, Christoph, Libert, Cedric, Habermann, Knut
Performance Improvement of Regulator Rectifier for 2-Wheeler Engine with Respect to Upcoming Stringent Regulations in Emerging Market2017-01-242510/08/2017
On two wheelers, magneto/alternator generates either single/three phase AC power and Regulator Rectifier Unit (RRU) does regulated rectification to charge the battery. In order to face the requirements of 2-wheeler engine with respect to upcoming stringent regulations like electronic fuel injection (EFI), anti-lock braking system (ABS), automatic headlamp on (AHO) in emerging markets like India; vehicles demand more electrical power from batteries. This demands higher power from alternator and consequently from RRU. Requirement of higher output power presents challenges on regulator rectifier unit in terms of size, power dissipation management and reliability. In this paper, improved performance of MOSFET based RRU is discussed in comparison to Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) based RRU. The motivation/benefits of MOSFET based design is described along with the thermal behavior and temperature coefficient performance of RRU with test results. The second topic discussed is how the
Verma, Ramit, R Ugale, Ramdas
A Predictive Energy Management Strategy Using a Rule-Based Mode Switch for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles2017-01-058403/28/2017
With fuel efficiency becoming an increasingly critical aspect of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, the necessity for research on efficient generation of electric energy has been growing. An energy management (EM) system controls the generation of electric energy using an alternator. This paper presents a strategy for the EM using a control mode switch (CMS) of the alternator for the (ICE) vehicles. This EM recovers the vehicle’s residual kinetic energy to improve the fuel efficiency. The residual kinetic energy occurs when a driver manipulates a vehicle to decelerate. The residual energy is commonly wasted as heat energy of the brake. In such circumstances, the wasted energy can be converted to electric energy by operating an alternator. This conversion can reduce additional fuel consumption. For extended application of the energy conversion, the future duration time of the residual power is exploited. The duration time is derived from the vehicle’s future speed profile. The
Kim, Haksu, Shin, Jaewook, Sunwoo, Myoungho
Development of High Efficiency Rectifier with MOSFET in “eSC Alternator”2017-01-122803/28/2017
Alternator, which supplies electric energy to a battery and electrical loads when it is rotated by engine via belt, is one of key components to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. We have reduced rectification loss from AC to DC with a MOSFET instead of a rectifier diode. It is important to turn on the MOSFET and off during a rectification period, called synchronous control, to avoid a current flow in the reverse direction from the battery. We turn it off so as to remain a certain conduction period through a body diode of the MOSFET before the rectification end. It is controlled by making a feedback process to coincide with an internal target conduction period based on the rotational speed of the alternator. We reduced a voltage surge risk at turn-off by changing the feedback gain depending on the sign of the time difference between the measured period and the target. In addition to reducing the rectification loss, reducing copper loss with low resistance coil winding and iron loss with
Nakanishi, Masaya
Development of a New MOS Rectifier for High-Efficiency Alternators2017-01-124003/28/2017
For the purpose of improving vehicle fuel efficiency, it is necessary to reduce energy loss in the alternator. We have lowered the resistance of the rectifying device and connecting components, and control the rectifying device with an IC to reduce rectification loss. For the package design, we have changed the structure of the part on which the rectifying device is mounted into a high heat dissipation type. The new structure has enabled optimizing the size of the rectifying device, resulting in the reduction of size of the package. In addition, the rectifying device is mounted using a new soldering material and a new process, which has improved the reliability of the connection. Moreover, since the alternator has introduced a new system, the controller IC has a function for preventing malfunction of the rectifying device and a function for detecting abnormalities, in order to ensure safety. These technologies have realized a low-energy loss high-reliability rectifier, which contribute
Matsushita, Koki
Study on the Use of Springs in a Dual Free Piston Engine Alternator2016-01-223310/17/2016
The free piston engine combined with a linear electric alternator has the potential to be a highly efficient converter from fossil fuel energy to electrical power. With only a single major moving part (the translating rod), mechanical friction is reduced compared to conventional crankshaft technology. Instead of crankshaft linkages, the motion of the translator is driven by the force balance between the engine cylinder, alternator, damping losses, and springs. Focusing primarily on mechanical springs, this paper explores the use of springs to increase engine speed and reduce cyclic variability. A numeric model has been constructed in MATLAB®/Simulink to represent the various subsystems, including the engine, alternator, and springs. Within the simulation is a controller that forces the engine to operate at a constant compression ratio by affecting the alternator load. The complex interdependence of the free piston engine alternator is analyzed with respect to parametric changes to the
Robinson, Matthew C., Clark, Nigel N.
A Method for Estimating the Improvement in Fuel Economy, for a Vehicle with Intelligent Alternator Control, and Application in Connected Car Systems2016-01-001004/05/2016
Micro hybrid Systems are emerging as a promising solution to reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in emerging markets, where the strict emission requirements are being enforced gradually. Micro hybrid Systems reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in a conventional vehicle with 12 V electrical system, by optimizing the electrical energy generation, storage, and distribution, with functions like Intelligent Alternator Control, Engine Stop/Start, and Load Management. With the advent of Connected Car Systems, information about the vehicle is seamlessly provided to the customer not just through the Human Machine Interface systems within the vehicle, but to other mobile devices used by the customers. In a vehicle with Micro Hybrid System, as the key feature is fuel efficiency improvement, it becomes essential to provide the information of improvement in fuel efficiency, in addition to the fuel consumption, so that the user appreciates the effectiveness
Athani, Gopal, Dongare, Kapil, Gavarraju, Srinivasa Raju, Kulkarni, Shashi, Yerraguntla, Prasad
A Novel Approach to Enhance Stop/Start Battery Life in a Vehicle with Micro Hybrid System Functions2016-01-000704/05/2016
Micro Hybrid Systems are essentially first step towards the electrification of the powertrains. They are aimed at improving the fuel efficiency of the conventional gasoline and diesel power trains with conventional 12 V electrical system, and thus reduce the CO2 emissions as well. Various technologies like Engine Stop-Start, Intelligent Alternator Control, and Electrical Energy Management Systems are included in the bracket of micro hybrid systems. These system functions demand a totally different approach for managing the SLI battery, which is a total departure from the conventional approach. Particularly, the Alternator Shutdown function of Intelligent Alternator Control maintains a calibrated average level of State of Charge, which is typically around 80%, to ensure that the battery can accept more current, during the energy recuperation, which indirectly improves fuel economy. However, continuous operation under partially discharged condition, results in the sulfation in the
Athani, Gopal, Dongare, Kapil, Balusu, Rajesh, Gupta, Subhabrata, Gavarraju, Srinivasa Raju
Design Optimization of Alternator and Battery Systems with a Recuperation Control Algorithm for a Mid-Sized Sedan2015-01-118804/14/2015
The fuel economy of a vehicle can be improved by recuperating the kinetic energy when the vehicle is decelerated. However, if there is no electrical traction component, the recuperated energy can be used only by the other electrical systems of the vehicle. Thus, the fuel economy improvement can be maximized by balancing the recuperated energy and the consumed energy. Also, suitable alternator and battery management is required to maximize the fuel economy. This paper describes a design optimization process of the alternator and battery system equipped with recuperation control algorithms for a mid-sized sedan based on the fuel economy and system cost. A vehicle model using AVL Cruise is developed for cycle simulations and validated with experimental data. The validated model is used for the parametric study and design optimization of the alternator and battery systems with single and dual energy storage. In this paper, recuperation systems with Flooded, AGM, and Li-ion batteries are
Yun, Seongjun, Park, SungJin, Kim, Daekwang, Lee, Junyong, Kim, Sejun, Kim, Kwang-yeon
The Electric Power Generation Efficiency in City Bus2014-01-289910/13/2014
City buses are equipped with an increasing number of electrical devices that are designed to improve the driver work and increase passengers' comfort. The alternator must therefore meet the requirements of increased levels of electric energy demand. In this paper, the focus is set on the amount of chemical energy in the fuel transformed into electric energy by the alternator, especially in the case of urban transport. The article presents the results of operating states of the alternator in the city bus while driving. During the study waveforms of rotational speed and load current of power generation system were recorded. The results of measurements made it possible to draw histograms showing the share of working time in different points of the alternator work. Only about 43% of the total working time corresponds to the bus stop and the operation of the idle speed of the alternator 2250 rpm. The remaining time corresponds to the average speed about 4200 rpm and does not exceed 6600 rpm
Grabowski, Lukasz, Pietrykowski, Konrad, Geca, Michal, Baranski, Grzegorz
Identification and Reduction of Whistling Noise in Passenger Vehicle2014-01-231709/30/2014
The demand for comfort level in commercial vehicles is steadily increasing. Hence, fine-tuned performance parameters and attributes are required to fulfill the expectations from these vehicles. Refinement of noise and vibration without affecting performances of sub-systems and components has become extremely challenging with increasing customer requirements. This paper presents an approach to identify and reduce the high level whistling noise that was perceived in the passenger compartment while the vehicle was accelerated above 50 kmph. Interior noise measurements in static engine run-up condition reveal that the whistling noise is of specific order. Since, whistling noise is related to aerodynamic response of components, engine cooling fan, turbo charger, alternators and compressors were suspected. Using order tracking and near field measurements, HVAC alternator was confirmed as the main cause for whistling noise. Noise measurements confirmed that orders related to alternator
Ramola, Rahul, Senthilkumar, G, Kannan, P, Chennakrishnan, Muralidharan
A Study for Fuel Economy Improvement on Applying New Technology for Torsional Vibration Reduction of Crank Pulley2013-01-251410/14/2013
The method of Front End Auxiliary Drive (FEAD) system optimization can be divided into two ways. One is to use a mechanical device that decouples crank pulley from torsional vibration of crank shaft by using characteristics of spring. The other is to control belt tension through auto-tensioner in addition of alternator pulley device. Because the former case has more potential to reduce belt tension than the latter case, the development of mechanically decoupled crank pulley, despite of its difficulty of development, is getting popular among the industry. This paper characterizes latest crank pulley technologies, Crank Decoupler and Isolation Pulley, for torsional vibration reduction through functionality measurement result which composed of irregularity, slip, tensioner movement, belt span vibration, bearing hubload of idler and so on. Also it investigates their potential of belt tension reduction through steady state point fuel consumption test on dynamometer. The result shows
Yoon, Kibong, Oh, Inje, Ahn, Jae Ik, Kim, Sangyun, Chung, Young Chong
Development of Energy Reduction Technology in FEAD -Development of Friction Mearsurement Technology, Layout, and Tensioner System2013-01-263910/14/2013
Recently high-performance, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly drive are development trend in gasoline engines. Accordingly, high-fuel efficiency is one of the most important projects as engineers develop automotive engine's performance and hardware. Automotive engines provide drivers with not only driving power to move but also convenience to drive easily. For this convenience, automotive engines operate Front End Belt Drive (FEAD) system such as alternator, A/C compressor and P/S pump, and the engines usually spend 30%∼40% their driving power to activate FEAD system. This thesis introduces measuring friction methods and test process to actualize high-fuel efficiency in gasoline engines through developing FEAD system components or mechanism. Fundamental data regarding high-fuel efficiency was acquired through measuring original friction torque at FEAD system with specialized torque-meter which was designed for measuring FEAD system friction torque at Crank shaft pulley. Further, HMC
Woo, Sangkyu
An Intelligent Alternator Control Mechanism for Energy Recuperation and Fuel Efficiency Improvement2013-01-175004/08/2013
With the current state of ever rising fuel prices and unavailability of affordable alternate technologies, significant research and development efforts have been invested in recent times towards improving fuel efficiency of vehicles powered with conventional internal combustion engines. To achieve this, a varied approach has been adopted by researchers to cover the entire energy chain including fuel quality, combustion quality, power generation efficiency, down-sizing, power consumption efficiency, etc. Apart from energy generation, distribution and consumption, another domain that has been subjected to significant scrutiny is energy recuperation or recovery. A moving vehicle and a running engine provide a number of opportunities for useful back-recovery and storage of energy. The most significant sources for recuperation are the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle or running engine and to a lesser extent the thermal energy from medium such as exhaust gas. This paper describes and
Lakshminarasimhan, Venkatnarayanan, Athani, Gopal
Fuel Economy Analysis of Alternator with Kinetic Energy Storage for a Conventional Vehicle2013-01-048104/08/2013
This paper evaluates the effect of our new alternator concept for a conventional vehicle, which is able to generate electricity by storing kinetic energy of the vehicle in the high speed flywheel as rotation energy under deceleration. The alternator constructs a planetary gear device and multiple clutch-brakes perform CVT, alternator and high speed flywheel without an expensive electric device, mechanical CVT and vacuum pump. So it has high cost performance.
Tanaka, Eitaro, Narita, Takahiro, Maegawa, Hitoshi
Lead-Acid State of Charge Estimation for Start-Stop Applications2013-01-153204/08/2013
Start-stop, aka engine-stop or idle-stop, technologies are increasingly being applied to automotive vehicles to increase fuel economy. Start-stop vehicles turn off the engine during periods of zero speed and/or during prolonged coast down. During engine-stop, the vehicle electronics are powered solely by the battery. To replenish the battery, the battery needs to be recharged. In typical ICE vehicles, the battery is continuously charged. However, fuel economies can be improved if strategic charging of the battery can be achieved through selective charging through the alternator or through regenerative braking. To optimize fuel economy, an accurate estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) during vehicle operation is required. Although state of charge estimation has mainly focused on Li-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries may be used successfully in start-stop applications. However, SOC estimation for lead-acid batteries is particularly difficult due to side reactions and losses
Le, Daniel, Sisk, Brian
High Performance Stop-Start System with 14 Volt Belt Alternator Starter2012-01-104104/16/2012
As the industry strives to achieve improved fuel economy, stop-start systems for internal combustion engines are receiving additional focus. Studies and system proposals have been made for various electrical configurations ranging from 12 volts to 42 volts and higher [1, 2, 3]. Both cranking motor and belt alternator starter configurations have been proposed, with some concerns regarding the customer acceptance of the cranking motor solution [1] which were subsequently addressed [3]. Typically, 14 Volt Belt Alternator Starter (BAS) applications are limited to 1.6 liter gasoline (0.4 liter per cylinder) and 1.4 liter diesel (0.35 liter per cylinder) engines due to BAS torque output constraints. Some previous work extended this range to 0.7 liter per cylinder by utilizing a boosted supply voltage and auxiliary energy storage device [1]. This paper details a 2.4 liter 4 cylinder GDI (0.6 liter per cylinder) application of a non-boosted 14 V BAS system with integrated battery state of
Fulks, Gary, Roth, Gregory, Fedewa, Andrew
Temperature Controlled Exhaust Heat Thermoelectric Generation2012-01-121404/16/2012
The amount of energy wasted through the exhaust of an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle is roughly the same as the mechanical power output of the engine. The high temperature of these gases (up to 1000°C) makes them intrinsically apt for energy recovery. The gains in efficiency for the vehicle could be relevant, even if a small percentage of this waste energy could be regenerated into electric power and used to charge the battery pack of a Hybrid or Extended Range Electric Vehicle, or prevent the actuation of a conventional vehicle's alternator. This may be achieved by the use of thermodynamic cycles, such as Stirling engines or Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). However, these systems are difficult to downsize to the power levels typical of light-vehicle exhaust systems and are usually bulky. The direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity, using Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) is very attractive in terms of minimal complexity. However, current commercial thermoelectric
P. Brito, Francisco, Martins, Jorge, Goncalves, L.M., Sousa, Rui
Reduction in Parasitic Losses by Careful Choice of Alternator Drive System2012-01-038504/16/2012
Concerns over greenhouse gas emissions are driving governments and the automotive industry to seek out ways of reducing vehicle CO₂ emissions. Engine friction reduction is one means of reducing CO₂ emissions, through fuel consumption improvements. The ancillary drive system typically contributes up to 8% of the total engine friction level, so improvements in this system can make a real difference to engine efficiency, fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. Mahle has undertaken a series of rig tests, based on a 2.5-liter gasoline engine, but built to a minimum friction level of hardware. Using motored drive torques, the losses associated with different alternator drive concepts was investigated: - Standard 150A alternator, - Reduced capacity 120A alternator, - Reduced capacity 120A alternator driven by a dual speed gearbox, and - Reduced capacity 120A alternator driven by a twin-belt dual ratio pulley. The engine test configuration enabled the friction sensitivity to be considered in
Mackay, Stewart
Solar Assisted Vehicle Electrical System (S.A.V.E.)2012-01-105804/16/2012
S.A.V.E. (SOLAR-ASSISTED VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM) is a microcontroller-based closed loop system designed to optimize the duty cycle of alternator in conventional vehicle electrical system. This has been done by integrating a SOLAR PANEL on the rooftop of a popular hatchback. The SOLAR PANEL supplies continuous power to battery for charging thereby reducing alternator duty cycle. Consequently, in order to optimize/control alternator functioning based on demand, a microcontroller has been incorporated. S.A.V.E. consists of a microcontroller which senses the instantaneous electrical load (in terms of current & voltage drawn) from battery. The controller using the intelligent algorithm keeps on checking this real-time consumption with the threshold values & decides when to activate/deactivate alternator. Thus with this controller, a) reduction in actual CO₂ emission & consequent, and b) 6% improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency has been achieved.
Sonchal, Chirag Padmakar, Kulkarni, Anand Vijay, gajankush, Jaypal, pawar, Sandeep
Brushless Series Connected Machine with DC Stator Excitation2012-01-050504/16/2012
The brushless DC motors with permanent magnets are used primarily in law power applications. There are no limits on weight and motor dimensions in considered motors with DC stator excitation. Brushless series connected machine with DC stator excitation do not have rotor coils. Field coil and armature coils are mounted in the stator. Armature windings are connected to DC voltage source trough power transistors commutator. Power transistors are controlled by reflective optical sensors in function of rotor position. In the report, the new principle design of the motor with DC stator excitation is considered. The new principle of design supposes individual excitation for each of the armature phase. Such approach gives an opportunity to design electrical machine with any number of armature phases spaced in phase from each other. In series connected DC machines, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding. In general, the series connection leads to a torque-speed
Gladyshev, Sergey P., Okrainskaya, Irina
Stop-Start System with Compact Motor Generator and Newly Developed Direct Injection Gasoline Engine2012-01-041004/16/2012
Existing stop-start systems have several concerns such as take-off response, engine restart noise, high cost and system complexity. This paper describes a newly developed stop-start system that overcomes these concerns and can be used on high-volume production models at an affordable cost. The new system is based on a compact motor generator that allows cranking at restart and also functions as an alternator following engine start. A belt-driven system is used for restarting the engine to avoid noise from gear insertion and engagement. The motor generator is capable of high-speed operation for reducing engine startup time. Starting control has also been improved to achieve the shortest possible startup time in combination with a newly developed direct injection engine. Shortening the startup time tends to impair engine smoothness at restart. However, this concern has been resolved through cooperative control with the motor generator. The motor generator has approximately 1.4 times the
Furushou, Masaya, Nishizawa, Kimiyoshi, Iwasaki, Takayuki, Tahara, Masahiko
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