Browse Topic: Automatic pilots

Items (68)

Detection & Tracking of Multi-Scenic Lane Based on Segnet-LSTM Semantic Split Network

2021-01-008304/06/2021

Lane detection is an important component in automatic pilot system and advanced driving assistance system (ADAS). The stability and precision of lane detection will directly determine precision of control and lane plan of vehicles. Traditional mechanical vision lane detection approaches in complicated environment have the deficiencies of low precision and feature semantic description disabilities. But the lane detection depending on deep learning, e.g. SCNN network, LaneNet network, ENet-SAD network have imbalance problems of splitting precision and storage usage. This paper proposes an approach of high-efficiency deep learning Segnet-LSTM semantic segmentation network. This network structure is composed with encoding network and corresponding decoding networks. First, convolution and maximum pooling. The proposal extracts texture details of five images and stores searching position of maximum pooling. Meanwhile, it will implement interpolate processing to the lost points. Then, by up

Ye, Meng, Tan, Gangfeng, Tang, Jingning, Feng, Jiaming, Huang, Xin, Sun, Wenchao

Automatic Pilots (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

AS440B (Current)

12/22/2020

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers automatic pilots intended for use on aircraft to automatically operate the primary and trim aerodynamic controls to maintain stable flight and/or to provide maneuvering about any of the three axes through servo control. Automatic control functions essential for primary or augmented flight control are excluded.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Automatic Pilot Installations

ARP419B (Current)

04/14/2020

These recommendations cover the mechanical and electrical installation and installation test procedures for automatic pilots of the type normally used in transport type aircraft. The material in this ARP does not supercede any airworthiness requirement in the Civil Air Regulations.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Collins Aerospace provides avionics for C-130H modernization program

SAE-MA-0000209/03/2019

The Lockheed C-130H Hercules fleet operated by the Air National Guard and U.S. Air Force Reserve is getting new Collins Aerospace Systems avionics that will help extend the life of the legacy aircraft by 20 years.

Kucinski, William

AutoSurvey™ Software System

TBMG-2683705/01/2017

The U.S. Navy has developed a software system that optimizes the collection of data for hydrographic surveys. The autonomous survey system, called AutoSurvery, is an easy-to-implement, real-time adaptive software system for the collection of swath-type data that minimizes survey time while maintaining data quality and ensuring the desired coverage.

Autopilot, Flight Director, and Autothrust Systems

ARP5366 (Current)

01/04/2017

This document recommends criteria for the design and installation of Autopilot, Flight Director and Autothrust Systems. These three systems are highly interrelated and will be referred to generically as an Integrated Flight Guidance System (IFGS).

S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft

A First Strategy for Smoothing Transients in Switching Controls of Aerospace and Automotive Systems

2016-36-040210/25/2016

Switching controls are those that can switch between control or plant modes to perform their functions. They have the advantage of being simpler to design than an equivalent control system with a single mode. However, the transients between those modes can introduce steps or overshootings in the state variables, and this can degrade the performance or even damage the control or the plant. So, the smoothing of such transients is vital for their reliability and mantainability. This is can be of extreme importance in the aerospace and automotive fields, plenty of switchings between manual and autopilot modes via relays, or among gears via clutches, for example. In this work, we present a first strategy for smoothing transients in switching controls of aerospace and automotive systems. To do that, we review the literature, present and adopt a criterion to determine the coefficients of a control system which should optimize the trajectory of the control signal during the switching between

Amaral, Jairo Cavalcanti, de Oliveira e Souza, Marcelo Lopes

Volvo, Uber share the ride to safety with autonomy

16AUTP10_0710/01/2016

The news that Volvo Cars, renowned for its safety focus, and ride-sharing company Uber, are working together to develop next generation autonomous driving (AD) cars eventually reaching full SAE Level-5 standard (no steering wheel or controls), may bring comfort to those who are scared, skeptical or just scorn the advent of being driven by such radical robotics. But this latest development sees a further step to AD being taken in parallel with Volvo's avowed intent that no one traveling in its new models from 2020 onwards will be killed or seriously injured. That bold statement was first uttered in 2007, presaging the introduction or development of a plethora of safety features that the automaker believes will enable it to achieve its target.

Birch, Stuart

SAE Eye on Engineering: GM Super Cruise Eye Scanning

1222109/22/2016

GM has taken a lesson from Tesla's Autopilot driver engagement problems and its new Super Cruise driving system will be different. In this episode of SAE Eye on Engineering, Editor-in-Chief Lindsay Brooke looks at GM's Super Cruise eye tracking. SAE Eye on Engineering also airs Monday mornings on WJR 760 AM Detroit's Paul W. Smith Show. Access archived episodes of SAE Eye on Engineering.

X-Plane Communication Toolbox (XPC)

TBMG-2535909/01/2016

The X-Plane Connect Toolbox is an open-source research tool used to interact with the commercial flight simulator software X-Plane. XPC allows users to control aircraft and receive real-time state information from aircraft simulated in X-Plane using functions written in C, C++, Java, MathWorks’ MATLAB, or Python in real time over the network. This research tool has been used to visualize flight paths, test control algorithms, generate ghost traffic, create third-party autopilot, perform hardware-in-the-loop testing, simulate an active airspace, or generate out-the-window visuals for in-house flight simulation software. Possible applications include active control of an X-Plane simulation, flight visualization, recording states during a flight, or interacting with a mission over UDP.

Integral of Modulus of Error Control for Smoothing Signals when Switching Modes of Aerospace and Automotive Systems

2015-36-044509/22/2015

Control systems that can switch between control or plant modes have the advantage of being simpler to design than an equivalent system with a single mode. However, the transition between these modes can introduce steps or overshootings in the state variables, and this can degrade the performance or even damage the system. This is can be of extreme importance in fields such as aerospace and automobilistic, as the switching between manual and autopilot modes or the switching of gears In this work, we will use integral criteria in original ways, to determine a coefficient on the system which should optimize the trajectory of the control signal, during the switching between two modes. Effectively, each transition will be done by a subsystem specific for it, according to the selected criterion. The simulations will be made in MATRIXx, MatLab or both, using models chosen from aerospace or automobilistic fields.

Amaral, Jairo Cavalcanti, de Oliveira e Souza, Marcelo Lopes

Automatic Pilots

AS402C (Current)08/22/2012

This Aeronautical Standard covers Automatic Pilots intended for use on aircraft to automatically operate the aerodynamic controls to maintain flight and/or to provide maneuvering about the three axes through servo control.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

The CHARTS Project: An innovation Matrix

2011-01-275310/18/2011

In the development process, the test phase is considered the most important challenge for designers of safety critical avionic systems found in modern helicopters. Indeed, these Test Systems often operate in uncertain conditions and they must provide safety, fault tolerance, and deterministic timing guarantees. Due to the ever-changing face of technology, the Eurocopter research department leads to the development of Pro- Active Test Systems. In the current state-of-the-art industrial practice, different test benches are used for the verification of various helicopter ranges (EC175, EC135, etc.) and Unit(s)-Under-Test (UUTs) (automatic pilot, navigation, etc.). Each test bench relies on a specific hardware architecture and software tools. This is due to the heterogeneity of the helicopter parts (which are under test) in terms of computing requirements and handled data structures. In general, several specialised CPU boards are needed to satisfy real time constraints which lead to

Belanger, Nicolas, Afonso, George

Robert W. Moorehead, Director of Space Flight Systems, John H. Glenn Research Center

TBMG-339711/01/2008

Robert W. Moorehead served as NASA’s chief investigator for the Space Shuttle Challenger accident in 1986 and managed the Space Station Freedom program from 1989 to 1993. He has also held the title of NASA’s Chief Engineer, developing system architectures for the Space Shuttle’s replacement. He is currently Director of Space Flight Systems at the John H. Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.

Automatic Pilot Installations

ARP419A (Historical)

02/16/2008

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Study of High Order Dynamics Effects on Flight Control Systems

2005-01-397011/22/2005

This work presents a study of different architectures for fly by wire flight control, emphasizing the dynamic effects of time delays and data conversion processes generated by the insertion of digital computers and electronic components into the control loop. High order dynamic effects, made up of processing delays and the dynamics of sensors, converters and filters are investigated. The influence exerted by each one of these elements is assessed by means of sensitivity analyses, which are performed on the longitudinal model of a civil aircraft. Aiming at higher levels of safety, it is suggested that the control laws design processes incorporate these associated dynamics inherent to the fly by wire approach. In fact, if, on one hand, the introduction of electronic components into flight control architectures has brought a number of operational and technical advantages, on the other it has become necessary to take into account their dynamic behaviour during flight control laws

Grinits, Erick Vile, Kienitz, Karl Heinz, de Oliveira Moreira, Fernando José

Adaptive Autopilot System for Small Fixed Wing UAVs

2005-01-335510/03/2005

Small low cost UAV autopilot systems (research and fielded platforms) in use today are severely restricted in their operational capability and quite costly with respect to their operational capability. The size of the UAV introduces unique problems in the development of Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) algorithms since aerodynamic models of the vehicle are difficult to define and are specific to each airframe. These low Reynolds number vehicles are subjected to varying environmental flight conditions during flight that must be addressed. Constructing a small footprint flight computing system is difficult due to the limited availability of low cost small footprint computing systems with the computational power, memory, and interfaces to support a variety of applications and research. This paper presents a low cost adaptive GNC system and an adaptive control law. The system is named Reconfigurable Autopilot for Vehicles with Enhanced Navigation (RAVEN), which addresses these

Rogers, Steve, Yokum, Steve, Hammaker, Kristian

Report on User's Guidefor Monthly Vector Wind Profile Model

TBMG-750011/01/2001

A report briefly describes a user's guide for a computer program that constructs vector wind profiles on the basis of a statistical model. The monthly vector wind profiles are meant to be used (1) to estimate wind-dispersion-related dispersions of critical aerodynamic loads and corresponding aerospace-ascent-vehicle design parameters and (2) to analyze effects of monthly wind-profile dispersions on ascent trajectories and to design ascent autopilot systems to correct for these effects. The user's guide is also said to list output data to aid the user in the verification of test output.

New equipment roundup

OFHSEP01_0509/01/2001

In this special edition of Original Equipment, we present highlights of some of the vehicles that OEMs from around the world have recently introduced or redesigned. Mercedes-Benz has incorporated several new features into its Atego trucks. An optional dual-function speed control combines the previously separate gear-change functions of the drive speed control-which maintains a constant speed under load-and the brake speed control-which maintains a uniform vehicle speed in hilly areas via wear-free braking systems such as constant throttle, back-pressure brakes, and retarders. If the truck is pushed down an incline at a rate that exceeds the desired speed by 4 km/h (2.5 mph), the brake system independently activates the vehicle's sustained-action braking system. The Atego 4×2 and 6×4 tipper vehicles are equipped with disc brakes on the front axle and drum brakes on the rear axle as standard; 4×4 four-wheel-drive vehicles are fitted with drum brakes on both axles. All offer ABS as

Broge, Jean L.

Automatic Pilots

AS402B (Historical)07/01/2001

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Identifying Flight Deck Automation Issues

2000-01-559510/10/2000

In this paper we describe the process by which we identified a comprehensive list of flight deck automation issues; compiled evidence related to those issues from accident reports, incident report studies, experiments, surveys, and other studies; and disseminated our findings to the aviation community. In the paper we present examples of the issues, examples of evidence, a summary of our results, and the means by which users can access our complete findings.

Funk, Ken, Lyall, Beth

Optimal Design of Integrated Missile Guidance and Control

98551909/28/1998

Tactical ballistic missiles (TBM) target may experience severe spiral maneuvers as they reenter the earth's atmosphere due to a configurational asymmetry. To hit these targets, the interceptor must possess extremely fast maneuver response characteristics. Before 10 secs to go optimal integrated guidance and control (OIGC) is slightly better than a conventional autopilot. From 2 to 10 secs OIGC is much better than a conventional autopilot in closing up trajectories. However, with 2 secs to go, OIGC uses up full authority and with the aerodynamic surfaces alone may not catch the tactical ballistic missile target. Therefore, there is a need for thrusters. In this paper, a blending mechanism of optimal integrated guidance and control (OIGC) and fuzzy logic controlled thruster is developed for a skid-to-turn missile to improve the missile interception performance. OIGC is an innovative approach to designing guidance and control laws. The OIGC approach combines the guidance law and autopilot

Ohlmeyer, Ernest, Bibel, John E., Malyevac, Steve

AUTOMATIC PILOTS (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

AS440A (Historical)09/01/1996

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Autopilot System Tuning

93160510/01/1993

A new computational method was developed that enables preliminary tuning of Auto Pilot System internal parameters based on time response analysis of the aircraft and its auto pilot. This method main purpose is to reduce flight tests during Auto Pilot calibration procedure.

Marengo, Luiz C., Yoneyama, Takashi

Civil Development and Certification of a Helicopter Automatic Approach and Hover System on the Sikorsky S-76

91197509/01/1991

BACKGROUND - Sikorsky Aircraft and Honeywell incorporated, in response to customer requirements, began development of an all weather Search and Rescue (SAR) capable S-76 helicopter in April 1989. To accomplish this primarily over water rescue mission, an automatic approach and hover capability was added to the standard Digital Automatic Flight Control System (DAFCS). A key element to the system was the automatic approach and hover with doppler velocity control, and new approach-to-hover and hover Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) displays. DEVELOPMENT - The SPZ-7600 DAFCS autopilot with the added SAR modes required the most development effort. Similar autopilots had been developed by Honeywell in other helicopters, but none had been taken to full FAA certification. To aid in mission success, the system was designed to remain coupled to the remaining autopilot in the event of a single autopilot failure, a significant change from the standard DAFCS autopilot where single

Gurley, Sydney E.

AUTOMATIC PILOTS

AS402A (Historical)05/01/1991

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

AUTOMATIC PILOT INSTALLATIONS

ARP419 (Historical)05/01/1991

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Flight Management Computer System Datalink Interface Capabilities

90195409/01/1990

A new communications path has been developed which allows both an airline and Air Traffic Control (ATC) to send or receive flight information, via the air to ground datalink interface, to or from the Flight Management Computer System (FMCS). This interface allows an airline to preload an FMC with route, weight and wind information and allows ATC to load route changes such as alternate approach procedure information directly into the FMCS for the pilot to review. In addition, the automatic downlink feature of the FMCS can be used report airplane position, current wind, etc. at predetermined times. This data can be used by the airline and ATC to track airplanes and to improve wind models for other airplanes. To ensure that the datalink interface of the FMCS can meet the requirements of different airlines as well as evolving ATC capabilities, an adaptable, table driven, system has been developed.

Howells, Peter J., Moore, Donald

Fly-by-Wire Sidestick Controller Evaluation

87176110/01/1987

A simulation study was conducted to investigate operational issues associated with advanced flight deck configurations of transport aircraft employing sidestick controllers and fly-by-wire control modes. The advanced concepts flight simulator in the Man-Vehicle Systems Research Facility at NASA Ames Research Center was used for this evaluation. Sixty-two pilots from Douglas Aircraft, NASA, and commercial airlines participated in the study. The primary objective was to evaluate the requirement for coupling the pilot's and copilot's sidestick controllers. Other issues addressed were the sidestick controller characteristics, the control mode handling qualities, and the requirement for coupling the autopilot to the sidestick. Three tests were conducted: (1) a handling qualities evaluation of the sidestick characteristics and the control modes, (2) an evaluation of alternative configurations for sidestick coupling, and (3) an evaluation of alternative configurations for autopilot coupling

Summers, L. G., Shannon, J. H.

Path-finding by Image Processing in Agricultural Field Operations

86145511/01/1986

Photographs of patterns viewed just ahead of an agricultural machine were analyzed using conventional image recognition techniques. Extraction of accurate information about the path of the machine is made difficult by the varying textures and light conditions in the field. Computer programs are described which show promise for accomplishing the guidance task with adequate speed on a reasonably-priced computer.

Gerrish, John B., Stockman, George C., Mann, Lixin, Hu, Gongzhu

AEROSPACE FLUID POWER AND CONTROL/ACTUATION SYSTEM GLOSSARY

AIR1916 (Historical)10/01/1985

General terms peculiar to aerospace fluid power and control systems are defined in this glossary. Relevant terms have been excerpted from the referenced documents and included herein from the aerospace terms felt to be most useful to the ISO. This is a systems document and the only component-related terms are those significant at the systems level.

A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt

Future Trends in Automatic Flight Control Systems

80062704/01/1980

Future developments in business jet autopilots will build on present day configurations using technological advancements such as microprocessors, memory systems, solid state sensors, and electronic displays. The architecture of future autopilots will be further integrated with peripheral systems, dual redundant in configuration, and interconnected on a digital bus, and will utilize solid state displays. Operational features including new modes, improved reliability, self monitoring and maintenance tests will also be found in future business jet autopilots.

Rauschelbach, Paul

Electronic System Safety - Testing Reality

79057002/01/1979

It is the purpose of this paper to sensitize the business aircraft community to some subtleties of aircraft electronic system safety concepts. Suggestions of what to look for and how to test for reality will be made. The near-term future of business aviation will see a deluge of new gadgets. The end customer can enforce either a climate of real professional values or blatant disregard for appropriate system concepts by his actions. Informed and careful selection of equipment and installations can successfully guide the rapidly expanding aircraft electronics systems industry to policies that will increase safety and performance for the end customer.

Neal, G. L.

TERMINOLOGY FOR FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

ARP1181A

10/01/1971

This ARP presents definitions of terminology used in conjunction with flight control systems. Terminology associated with fault-tolerant systems has been emphasized. No details of specific design approaches are given. Likewise, no recommendations are included for flight control system performance and design requirements.