Browse Topic: Aircraft collision avoidance systems

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Comparative Analysis of Emergency Evasive Steering for Long Combination Vehicles02-13-03-001810/10/2020
This study provides a simulation-based comparative analysis of the distance and time needed for long combination vehicles (LCVs) - namely, A-doubles with 28-, 33-, and 48-ft trailers - to safely exercise an emergency, evasive steering maneuver such as required for obstacle avoidance. The results are also compared with conventional tractor-semitrailers with a single 53-ft trailer. A multi-body dynamic model for each vehicle combination is developed in TruckSim® with an attempt to assess the last point to steer (LPTS) and evasive time (ET) at various highway speeds under both dry and wet road conditions. The results indicate that the minimum avoidance distance and time required for the 28-ft doubles vary from 206 ft (60 mph) to 312 ft (80 mph) and 2.3 s to 2.6 s, respectively. The required LPTS represents a 6% to 31% increase when compared with 53-ft semitrucks. When driving below 76 mph on a dry road and below 75 mph on a wet road, the 28-ft doubles exhibit LPTS and ET that are larger
Chen, Yang, Zhang, Zichen, Ahmadian, Mehdi
Journal Article
GE Aviation’s AiRXOS launches new Air Mobility portfolio and management tools purpose built for the urban air mobility marketSAE-MA-0344805/03/2019
The solutions – which have already received nationwide approval from multiple UAM operators – provide scalable and secure end-to-end infrastructure and applications to help organizations and governments manage data and capitalize on the UAM economy.
Kucinski, William
Magazine Article
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars—Electronic and Electrical SystemsE-JOURNAL-0701/01/2017
The SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems is discontinued from 2020 and merged into SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Indexed in CNKI ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index, Web of Science) Engineering Village (Ei Compendex) Scopus Published Volumes
Journal
Implementing Secure Command and Control in Unmanned SystemsTBMG-2311610/01/2015
Unmanned vehicles are at the forefront of an evolution, especially with the proliferation of the Internet of Things. After decades of serving mission-critical applications in government and defense, the command and control (C2) capabilities of advanced wireless data communications have begun to migrate into the public safety, research, and commercial markets. The robust and secure infrastructure necessary for the eventual proliferation of unmanned vehicles is slowly being realized. Today, however, industries such as public safety, agriculture and oil and gas are being eyed as key markets that can benefit from the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). For several applications, such as wildfire monitoring and border protection, RPAs can even be used to protect people and save lives.
Magazine Article
Risk-Aware Mars Rover Operation Tool with Autonomous Terrain Classifier and Path PlannerTBMG-2286509/01/2015
The greatest single source of risks for Mars rovers is terrain. These risks are currently managed by a labor-intensive process in which rover operators carefully examine the terrain and plan a path to avoid any potential hazards. This poses a challenge, particularly for the operation of an MSL (Mars Science Laboratory)-class rover, because it must be very risk-averse in order not to lose the asset, while it already requires a significant amount of labor due to the complexity of the rover. Hence, it is important to develop a software tool that helps operators to detect and avoid terrain hazards efficiently and reliably.
Magazine Article
GUIDANCE FOR TOOL AND TEST EQUIPMENT (TTE) EQUIVALENCYARINC735B-2 (Current)08/01/2015
This document defines a Traffic Surveillance capability for NextGen and SESAR airspace environments. Supplement 2 adds hybrid surveillance functionality. It satisfies recent updates to FAA Airworthiness Circular AC 20-151B - Airworthiness Approval of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS II), and Technical Standard Order TSO-119d requiring the annunciation of a hybrid surveillance failure. Supplement 2 also adds strobe program pinning, updates TCAS inputs status, improves aircraft troubleshooting, and supports recent central maintenance computer function block point updates.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Characteristic
An Investigation into Location and Convective Lifecycle Trends in an Ice Crystal Icing Engine Event Database2015-01-213006/15/2015
In the last several years, the aviation industry has improved its understanding of jet engine events related to the ingestion of ice crystal particles. Ice crystal icing has caused powerloss and compressor damage events (henceforth referred to as “engine events”) during flights of large transport aircraft, commuter aircraft and business jets. A database has been created at Boeing to aid in analysis and study of these engine events. This paper will examine trends in the engine event database to better understand the weather which is associated with events. The event database will be evaluated for a number of criteria, such as the global location of the event, at what time of day the event occurred, in what season the event occurred, and whether there were local meteorological influences at play. A large proportion of the engine events occur in tropical convection over the ocean. The Japan / South China Sea is shown to be an event-rich area, and hence a detailed analysis will be
Bravin, Melissa, Strapp, J. Walter, Mason, Jeanne
Technical Paper
Rehabilitation of Visual and Perceptual Dysfunction after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)TBMG-1887401/01/2014
The aim of this work is to conduct preliminary evaluations of new rehabilitation strategies and new functional assessment methods for homonymous hemianopia (HH) and spatial neglect (SN), two disabling visual and cognitive perception conditions that commonly occur as a result of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Both HH and SN prevent detection of objects on completed the protocol: an 18-year-old male with left HH without SN, who has had HH for two years as a result of an arteriovenous malformation that required surgery.
Magazine Article
Functional Safety for Cooperative Systems2013-01-019704/08/2013
This paper investigates what challenges arise when extending the scope of functional safety for road vehicles to also include cooperative systems. Two generic alternatives are presented and compared with one another. The first alternative is to use a vehicle centric perspective as is the case in the traditional interpretation of ISO 26262 today. Here, an “item” (the top level system or systems for which functional safety is to be assured) is assumed to be confined to one vehicle. In the vehicle centric perspective inter-vehicle communication is not an architectural element and is therefore not a candidate for redundancy as part of the functional safety concept. The second alternative is to regard a cooperative system from a cooperative perspective. This implies that one item may span over several vehicles. The choice of perspective has implications in several ways. We investigate the implications for the cooperative item and in what ways the results may differ when going through the
Nilsson, Josef, Bergenhem, Carl, Jacobson, Jan, Johansson, Rolf, Vinter, Jonny
Technical Paper
Determining a Safety Baseline for Unmanned Aircraft Systems2011-01-268610/18/2011
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) emerge as a viable, operational technology for potential civil and commercial applications in the National Airspace System (NAS). Although this new type of technology presents great potential, it also introduces a need for a thorough inquiry into its safety impact on the NAS. This study presents a systems-level approach to analyze the safety impact of introducing a new technology, such as UAS, into the NAS. Utilizing Safety Management Systems (SMS) principles and the existing regulatory structure, this paper outlines a methodology to determine a mandatory safety baseline for a specific area of interest regarding a new aviation technology, such as UAS Sense and Avoid. The proposed methodology is then employed to determine a baseline set of hazards and causal factors for the UAS Sense and Avoid problem domain and associated regulatory risk controls.
Oztekin, Ahmet, Lee, Xiaogong
Technical Paper
2D/3D Synthetic Vision Navigation DisplayTBMG-320109/01/2008
Flight-deck display software was designed and developed at NASA Langley Research Center to provide two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) terrain, obstacle, and flightpath perspectives on a single navigation display. The objective was to optimize the presentation of synthetic vision (SV) system technology that permits pilots to view multiple perspectives of flight-deck display symbology and 3D terrain information. Research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the concept. The concept has numerous unique implementation features that would permit enhanced operational concepts and efficiencies in both current and future aircraft.
Magazine Article
Testing a Nonveridical Aircraft Collision Avoidance System2008-01-226108/19/2008
Map displays are veridical representations of realistic information. State spaces are nonveridical representations of arbitrary n-dimensional information. In this experiment, flight performance using a map-based cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) was compared to performance augmented by a state space-based 4D collision avoidance system (CDTI+4CAS). 4CAS displayed state information about the safety of ownship maneuvers and their available maneuver time. Twelve general aviation pilots each flew eight scenarios, trying to deviate as little as possible from course while still maintaining standard enroute separation from traffic. The CDTI+4CAS condition showed performance superiority over the CDTI-only condition for five of five dependent measures of maneuver efficiency, four of four measures of maneuver safety, and six of nine measures of workload. Human factors issues are discussed.
Knecht, William R.
Journal Article
Finding the ‘Smoking Gun’: The Role of Expert Analysis in Aircraft Accident Investigations2001-01-264409/11/2001
Farrier, Thomas A.
Technical Paper
A Variable Stability Test Vehicle for ITS Applications96168508/01/1996
A variable stability test bed is under development for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The Variable Dynamic Testbed Vehicle (VDTV) is being designed for research and testing of advanced collision warning and avoidance technologies being developed by industry and most likely being made available to consumers in the near future. The VDTV will also be used by NHTSA in support of the Automated Highway System (AHS) Program and possibly by the AHS program directly. The VDTV will have advanced dynamic subsystems that can be varied by on on-board programmable computer Suspension, steering, throttle, and braking will thus be controlled through selected algorithms that may be changed to provide a reasonably broad range of vehicle dynamic characteristics. The vehicle is inherently a drive-by-wire system, is instrumented for both vehicle and human factor measurements, and is therefore ideally suited to many Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. This
Marriott, Alan T., Griffin, Daniel C, Lee, Allan Y.
Technical Paper
An Engineer in the CourtroomR-155-TEST-REC07/01/1995
Engineers may become involved in litigation for various reasons. Some common examples include product liability and accident investigation cases. The information and suggestions included in An Engineer in the Courtroom will enable engineers to do a proper and professional job when dealing with matters of litigation, in and out of the courtroom. Chapters Cover: Introduction The Nature of Accidents Why Go to Court? Avoiding Litigation The Litigation Process Engineers and Engineering Information How the Engineer Can Help the Attorney The Discovery Process The Deposition The Trial Questions Accident Reconstruction Definitions and Techniques Employed by Attorneys War Stories Tips for the Engineer Involved in Litigation An interesting, informative, "must-read" book for engineers involved in product design, consulting, or accident investigation, and an ideal reference for lawyers to have on hand to give to engineers serving as expert witnesses.
Lux, William J.
Reference
Collision Detection Serial Data Communications Multiplex BusJ1567_198708 (Historical)08/01/1987
Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards
Information Report
Aircraft Collision Avoidance and Separation Assurance80061604/01/1980
With regard to collision avoidance systems, AOPA, in concert with a number of general aviation and airline representative groups, worked out a “core” position on collision avoidance and separation assurance late in 1976. We recommended that the FAA continue the development of the BCAS concept. This was done on the basis of the then posture of the FAA that the BCAS would work effectively against any aircraft equipped with today’s transponder and encoder. We also supported exploration of the DABS as the air-to-air link of the BCAS as well as for future use with the automated ATC system. While ACAS presents the least technical risk and operational units could be available sooner than using any other concept, it does pose the greatest difficulty in becoming an effective system as all aircraft in a given airspace would have to be equipped to provide complete protection.
Wright, C. Dennis
Technical Paper
THE COLLISION PREVENTION PROBLEM59014501/01/1959
WHITE, FRANK C.
Technical Paper
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