Browse Topic: Unmanned aerial vehicles

Items (401)

What is Drone Jamming and How Can it Be Countered?

TBMG-5212412/01/2024

Deliberate RF jamming of drones has become one of the most common battlefield tactics in Ukraine. But what is jamming, how does it work and how can it be countered by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the field?

Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (Enhanced License)

AS6969_DA (Current)07/29/2024

Enhanced License for Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) allowing for greater usage as outlined in the terms of the Enhanced License. Terms can be reviewed prior to purchase once item is added to the cart. Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) This data dictionary provides a mathematically coherent set of definitions for quantity types used in data models for unmanned systems. In this data dictionary, a quantity is defined as a property of a phenomenon, substance, or body whose value has magnitude.

AS-4UCS Unmanned Systems Control Segment Architecture

NOISE ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT FLAPPING MECHANISMS FOR EFFICIENT FLYING

2025-01-002105/05/2023

In a variety of intricate and dynamic settings, flying animals, like birds and insects [5],[8], can fly with efficiency. Despite being stated as "unsteady aerodynamics", the flapping of birds was the first biological mechanism that inspired humans to fly. Though flapping wings is the most efficient way of flying, the main hindrance is its unsteady nature of gaining a counter-lift for each flap. Compared to current manned aerial vehicles, flying animals fly at a lower Reynolds number. A fluid's ratio of viscous to inertial forces is represented by the Reynolds number, which is a dimensionless quantity. The ratio of forward speed to flapping frequency is represented by the dimensionless number known as the decreased frequency. Yet, by utilizing these beneficial animal flying traits, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) functioning in the low Reynolds number zone can be enhanced. The primary aim of this project is to analyze two flapping mechanisms: straight continuous wing and swept & bent

Keshav Kumar, A B, Patric, Alan, R, Asad Ahmed, Srinivasan, Venkatramanan, Mani, Midhun, Jayachandran, Rohith

Aerodynamics of Landing Maneuvering of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Close Proximity to a Ground Vehicle

2023-01-0118

04/11/2023

Autonomous takeoff and landing maneuvers of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from/on a moving ground vehicle (GV) have been an area of active research for the past several years. For military missions requiring repeated flight operations of the UAV, precise landing ability is important for autonomous docking into a recharging station, since such stations are often mounted on a ground vehicle. The development of precise and efficient control algorithms for this autonomous maneuvering has two key challenges; one is related to flight aerodynamics and the other is related to a precise detection of the landing zone. The aerodynamic challenges include understanding the complex interaction of the flows over the UAV and GV, potential ground effects at the proximity of the landing surface, and the impact of the variations in the surrounding wind flow and ambient conditions. While a large body of work in this area can be found on the control aspect of the UAV landing and takeoff maneuvers

Uddin, Mesbah, Nichols, Spencer, Hahn, Cortney, Misar, Adit, Desai, Shishir, Tison, Nathan, Korivi, Vamshi

Letter from the Guest Editors

01-15-02-000809/24/2022

Letter from the Guest Editors

Rajpathak, Dnyanesh, Roboff, Mark, Yu, Huafeng, Biswas, Gautam

Development and Optimization of Formation Flying for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles

01-15-02-001109/23/2022

In this article, a formation flying technique designed for a multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAV) system to provide low-cost and efficient solution for civilian and military applications is presented. First, a modular leader-follower formation algorithm was developed to accomplish the formation flying with off-the-shelf low-cost components and sensors. Second, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was utilized for velocity control of the UAVs to maintain the tight formation. Third, a particle swarm optimization-optimized reciprocal velocity obstacles (PSO-RVO) algorithm was utilized for obstacles avoidance and collision avoidance between the UAVs while navigating, with the aid of sonar ranging sensors onboard. The formation flying algorithm developed was tested through both simulation and experiment using two quadcopters with global positioning system (GPS) signals. For the simulation, the algorithm developed was tested on a virtual quadcopter using an open

Cheok, Jun Hong, Aparow, Vimal Rau, Ng Zhi Neng, Juno, Cheah, Jian Lee, Leong, Dickson

Nano-UAV Systems

TBMG-4644609/01/2022

Teledyne FLIR Defense Elkridge, MD 781-801-6161

Teaching Drones How to Navigate Real-World Weather

TBMG-4649509/01/2022

Right now, drones are either flown under controlled conditions, with no wind, or are operated by humans using remote controls. However, for drones to autonomously perform necessary but quotidian tasks, such as delivering packages or airlifting injured drivers from a traffic accident, drones must be able to adapt to wind conditions in real time.

Autonomous UAV solution for ecological mapping and surveillance.

2022-26-124505/26/2022

The proposed UAV can be used to triangulate the areas of unnatural deforestation, by processing the area undergoing land cover transition, hence, restraining illegal logging as well as illegal deforestation which will, in turn, feed the ecological succession cycle. It triangulates the green cover which can be used in identifying fruiting trees, vegetation cycles, even in predicting the population of the animal species feeding on the subjective green cover and hence, the biodiversity. The system will be influential for curbing the landscapes with heterogeneous habitats and diverse topographical features. The model employs an onboard automated controller- ARDUPILOT MissionPlanner, a flight controller with inbuilt compass, GPS, and telemetry module which collects data from the controller such as, Altitude, GPS location, Pitch, Roll, etc. and transmits it to the Ground Control Station (GCS) when flying. The mission planner is programmed by selecting the Target Survey Area which is divided

Devi, Monisha, Neigapula, Keerthana, Anand, Sumit, Tiwari, Anawil, Kumar, Siddharth

SRGAN-TQT, an Improved Motion Tracking Technique for UAVs with Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) and Temporal Quad-Tree (TQT)

2022-26-123605/26/2022

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are gaining significant popularity due to wide-scale applications in civilian and military use. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are most commonly used for surveillance. Object tracking is one of the most important things that an autonomous UAV has to perform. However, the accuracy of the object tracking model degrades when the object fades away to some distance or if the input images have low resolution. High-resolution cameras are expensive and increase the overall cost of the UAV. The concept of SRGAN-TQT (Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network - Temporal Quad-Tree), an improved object tracking pipeline for UAVs in the presence of low-resolution cameras or distant objects, provides a cost-effective solution with enhanced accuracy to perform object tracking. Implementation of Super-Resolution - Generative Adversarial Networks (SRGANs) and Temporal Quad-Tree (TQT) along with state-of-the-art object detection algorithms serve as the backend of the

More, Deeptej, Acharya, Sagar, Aryan, Suryansh

Hypersonic Bi directional Blended Wing Body UAV Conceptual Development.

2022-26-113705/26/2022

This paper looks to develop a conceptual Hypersonic Bi-directional BWB UAV for high efficiency hypersonic systems.This concept successfully allows for many technical challenges involved in supersonic flight which are also present in hypersonic flight to be overcome; however some of these challenges become even greater, in addition to the new phenomena present at hypersonic speeds.The bi-directional BWB UAV concept consists of a symmetric planform which enables flight to occur at two different geometric configurations. The subsonic configuration would have a high aspect ratio and a low sweep and in the hypersonic configuration the UAV would then rotate 90 degrees which would have a low aspect ratio and high sweep. This design overcomes the inherent conflict between subsonic and hypersonic flight in conventional hypersonic launch systems.The airfoil of the subsonic configuration is thicker than that for the hypersonic configuration, a thick airfoil is needed to achieve a high lift

Fernandes, Shane

Design and Parametric Investigations on Various Propellers for Nature Inspired Unmanned Amphibious Vehicle

2022-26-117405/26/2022

Unmanned Amphibious Vehicle (UAV) is an integrative working environments based vehicle, which doesn’t allocate the place for onboard pilots. Mostly, unmanned amphibians have been controlled through pre-provided algorithms in the predestined paths. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic working conditions are the compositions of aforesaid integrative environments, wherein the possible lifespan affecting failure of UAV may chance to happen in a high manner. Thus, the multidisciplinary investigation on UAV and it's every component needs to be done in order to pick the suitable UAV parts for both missions executing conditions. This work deals the comprehensive computational investigations on a different number of blades equipped propellers for the proposed cum nature-inspired UAV under aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loading conditions. Three different propellers are uniquely constructed based on the aerodynamic environment reference with the guidance of analytical formulae and thereafter modeling

R, Vijayanandh, Mathaiyan, Vijayakumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar

Murraya koenigii based nano-drone deployment for Titan exploration

2022-26-119405/26/2022

Titan is currently been dubbed as a potential home to humanity, owing to its atmosphere and earthlike liquid cycle. Hence, it is important to make a vast study to understand the nature of the largest moon of Saturn. This paper proposes a cluster-based nano-drone deployment. With the main recharging parent drone-flight in between that clutches onto the daughter nano-drones in an opposite-arrangement, these kind of drones can be used for long-range autonomous surveillance purposes. When the entire-flight arrangement system enters the radius of surveillance, the drones detach themselves with a mechanism copied from the plant Murraya Koenigii, using pneumatic technologies. Once they are deployed and their periods are complete, they get back to the parent drone for recharging and relocation purposes. The drones can also be controlled remotely from the earth. The central stem has massive power storage capacity and VTOL capabilities, giving it high maneuverability and control. The recapturing

Giridharan, Nithyaashree

Nuclear powered air-breathing electric thrusters used in UAV for extra-terrestrial applications

2022-26-124205/26/2022

With an interest in space exploration developing at a remarkable rate in the course of the most recent couple of years, it has become a daunting task to explore the different planets because of hostile environmental conditions present on them and here UAVs play a critical role. This paper aims to study and develop Unmanned Aerial Vehicles that run using motors & electric thrusters and uses nuclear fuel Plutonium-238 (238Pu) as their power generation source. The UAV being ideated plans to operate both in earth's atmosphere and extra-terrestrial space. The heat from the decay of 238Pu is extracted by using Multi-Mission Radio Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTGs) using thermocouples thus providing electricity. The idea of utilizing MMRTG in UAVs has been proposed as it works well in both the space vacuum and the planetary atmosphere. The heat energy from the MMRTG can be utilized as a consistent wellspring to keep up with appropriate working temperatures for a UAV and its instruments in cold

Bhurat, Shryas, Shetty, Naman, Das, Shubham

Medicinal Delivery Operation using blockchain enabled Unmanned Aircraft Systems

2022-26-113805/26/2022

The incredible growth of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has unlocked various services and applications in the global industry including healthcare. Aerial transportation of medicinal delivery can be an effective and alternative way to ground-based transport systems in times of emergency needs and difficult terrain. To improve the security and the trust of such aerial transportation systems, blockchain can be used as a potential platform to manage, operate and monitor. In this paper, we present a blockchain network solution based on Ethereum for the transportation of medical cargo such as blood, medicines, vaccines, etc. The smart contract solution developed in solidity language was tested using the truffle program. Ganache blockchain test network was employed to host the blockchain network and test the operation of the proposed blockchain model. The suitability of the model is validated in real-time using a UAV and all the flight data are captured and uploaded into the blockchain. The

M K, Padmanabhan, Kumar, Ravi, Manoharan, Dinesh, R, Prithviraj, S, Rajesh

A Methodology for Using Reality Capture in Vehicle Accident Reconstruction’

2022-01-099703/29/2022

Laser scanners are typically used in vehicle accident reconstruction to measure roadway details; however, laser scans used near congested roadways digitize unwanted passing vehicles and produce a scan with noisy and poor image quality point clouds. On the other hand, drone images are unable to capture reflective objects and can struggle with vertical surfaces when creating 3D mesh for analysis. Prior research has tested the accuracy of drone-captured images processed with commercially available AgiSoft and Pixi4D software; however, a research gap still exists in examining the use of RealityCapture with drone images, FARO scans, and AeroPoint Ground Targets for use in accident reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to define a procedure and methodology for combining the ability of laser scans to capture vertical details that drones cannot with the color and roadway details of drone imagery not otherwise captured by FARO. It will be shown that this methodology is superior in

Vega, Henry V., Suway, Jeffrey, Desai, Elvis, Engleman, Krystina

Positional Accuracy of Portable GPS Devices during Different Ride Stages

2022-01-099203/29/2022

GPS devices can produce a wealth of data about cyclists’, scooterists’, and other riders’ road paths and route usage. However, prior research has demonstrated that GPS positional accuracy is less reliable for more nuanced roadway positioning, such as which lane a vehicle occupies, as well as within-lane movements, such as acceleration and deceleration⁠. This limitation presents a substantial challenge for crash reconstructionists that may have access to GPS data and require second-by-second positional accuracy to determine such nuanced maneuvers and vehicle positioning in their analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the positional accuracy of several GPS units during three different ride stages: acceleration, deceleration, and constant speed. The same devices were also tested for stationary accuracy, power cut-off, and simulated impact scenarios. To obtain precise data from GPS units, tests were performed with an electric scooter ridden in rural landscapes with clear skies

Desai, Elvis, Suway, Jeff, Engleman, Krystina, Vega, Henry

Aerial Photoscanning Methodologies with Real-Time Kinematic Technology

2022-01-099103/29/2022

Photoscanning photogrammetry is a method for obtaining and preserving three-dimensional site data from photographs. This photogrammetric method is commonly associated with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and is particularly beneficial for large area site documentation. The resulting data is comprised of millions of three-dimensional data points commonly referred to as a point cloud. The accuracy and reliability of these point clouds is dependent on hardware, hardware settings, field documentation methods, software, software settings, and processing methods. Ground control points (GCPs) are commonly used in aerial photoscanning to achieve reliable results. This research examines multiple GCP types, flight altitudes, flight patterns, software, and hardware, including a real-time kinematic (RTK) equipped drone and a ground based RTK system. Multiple documentation and processing methods are examined and accuracies of each are compared for an understanding of which hardware, software, and

Mckelvey, Nathan, King, Charles, Terpstra, Toby, Hashemian, Alireza, Mitchell, Steven

All Environment (AE) Unmanned Aircraft System

TBMG-3985809/01/2021

AeroVironment Simi Valley, CA 805-520-8320

Determination of Cost Benefits from Implementing a Blockchain Solution

ARP6984 (Current)

08/19/2021

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides insights on how to perform a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the Return on Investment (ROI) that would result from implementing a blockchain solution to a new or an existing business process. The word “blockchain” refers to a method of documenting when data transactions occur using a distributed ledger with desired immutable qualities. The scope of the current document is on enterprise blockchain which gives the benefit of standardized cryptography, legal enforceability and regulatory compliance. The document analyzes the complexity involved with this technology, lists some of the different approaches that can be used for conducting a CBA, and differentiates its analysis depending on whether the application uses a public or a private distributed network. This document is intended for people who do not have a deep technical understanding or familiarity with blockchain solutions to qualify and quantify its economic benefits

G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee

Determination of Cost Benefits from Implementing a Blockchain Solution

ARP6984-TEST-REC (Historical)08/19/2021

G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee

Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (Enhanced License)

AS6969B_DA08/05/2021

Enhanced License and UML Model for Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) allowing for greater usage as outlined in the terms of the Enhanced License. Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969A) This data dictionary provides definitions for quantities commonly used in the command and control of cyber physical systems. It defines mathematical and logical terms, quantities, measurement units, reference systems, measurands, and measurements. It also defines common quantity modalities. The dictionary is structured to be convenient to data modelers. It is also extendable so that users can create their own quantity domains.

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Test and Evaluation of Autonomy for Air Platforms

21AERP08_0808/01/2021

Tools, approaches, and insights to confidently approach the safe, secure, effective, and efficient testing of autonomy on air platforms. Air Force Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California The 2018 National Defense Strategy emphasizes that the effective implementation of autonomy is essential for future engagements. Key to this implementation is the ability to test and evaluate systems that perform autonomous tasks. The purpose of this research is to equip testers with tools, approaches, and insights to confidently approach the testing of autonomy on air platforms. The air domain is chosen specifically for its applicability to the Air Force mission and to help scope the focus of this research. The intent is not to be an exhaustive reference for testing and evaluating autonomy; rather, the goal is to provide a launching point for greater investigation. Testing autonomy on airborne platforms brings unique challenges and, therefore, to be successful, testing should leverage the

Hybrid Thermoelectric Compound

TBMG-3958808/01/2021

Thermoelectrics directly convert heat into electricity and power a wide array of items, from NASA’s Perseverance rover currently exploring Mars to travel coolers that chill beverages.

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: PennDOT Staying Ahead of Transportation Transformation

1315006/18/2021

No matter where industry goes - electric, automated, drones - PennDOT's Mark Kopko, Director of Transformational Technology, and his team are leveraging relationships with Pennsylvania's leading change-makers to educate, promote safety and develop policy that keeps the state on the forefront of technology. Tune in to hear PennDOT's strategy for setting the tone as the DOT of the future. Pennsylvania's rich experience in getting autonomous vehicles on the road offers great lessons. PennDOT shares this knowledge and so much more about the transformation of U.S. roadways through the PA AV Summit Series. Join the conversations to learn where the technology is going and hear from the partners, state leaders and universities that are making it happen. SAE is a proud sponsor of the 2021 series.

Hineman, Marcie

Intelligent Voice Activated Drone(s) for in-Vehicle Services and Real-Time Predictions

2021-01-006304/06/2021

Today, commercially available drones have limited use-cases in the rapidly evolving community. However, with advances in drone and software technology, it is possible to utilize these aerial machines to solve problems in a variety of industries such as mining, medical, construction, and law enforcement. For example, in order to reduce time of investigation, Indiana State Police are currently utilizing ad-hoc commercial drones to reconstruct crash scenes for insurance and legal purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how to effectively integrate drones for in-vehicle services and real-time prediction for automotive applications. In order to accomplish this, we first integrate simpler controls such as voice-commands to control the drone from the vehicle. Next, we build smart prediction software that monitors vehicle behavior and reacts in real-time to collisions. Furthermore, we employ object recognition techniques through In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems to identify the surroundings

Nithiyanantham, Mayunthan, Sinnapolu, Giribabu

Unmanned Systems (UxS) Control Segment (UCS) Architecture: UCS Architecture Model

AS6518A (Historical)

03/02/2021

The scope and purpose of the UCS Architecture Library Revision A is provided in AS6512™A. The scope of this document is to identify the elements of the UCS Architecture Model Revision A as distributed in the AS6518A.zip file, establish the terms and conditions and user license agreement for the architecture model, and provide other metadata.

AS-4UCS Unmanned Systems Control Segment Architecture

Counter-Drone Technology

TBMG-3852502/01/2021

Citadel Defense San Diego, CA 213-819-3380

Rotary Unmanned Aerial Systems

TBMG-3854202/01/2021

Steadicopter Ltd. Migdal ha Emek, Israel 972-4-9592959

Counter-UAS Technology

TBMG-3852902/01/2021

SRC Inc. Syracuse, NY 315-452-8362

JAUS HMI Service Set

AS6040A (Current)

12/09/2020

This document defines a set of standard application layer interfaces called JAUS HMI Services. JAUS Services provide the means for software entities in an unmanned system or system of unmanned systems to communicate and coordinate their activities. The HMI Services represent the platform-independent Human Machine Interface (HMI) capabilities commonly found across all domains and types of unmanned systems. Five services are defined in this document: Drawing Pointing Device Keyboard Digital Control Analog Control Each service is described by a JAUS Service Definition (JSD) which specifies the message set and protocol required for compliance. Each JSD is fully compliant with the JAUS Service Interface Definition Language (JSIDL) [AS5684].

AS-4JAUS Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems Committee

JAUS HMI Service Set

AS6040A-TEST-REC (Historical)12/09/2020

AS-4JAUS Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems Committee

Multirotor Aircraft Noise Reduction

TBMG-3820112/01/2020

Noise produced by multirotor vehicles may be objectionable to some, especially as industry moves toward drone deliveries and potentially air taxi operations. Multirotor aircraft typically create a significant amount of tonal noise from each rotor. Groups of rotors operating at the same rotation rate with an appropriate phase offset can be used to reduce the tonal noise of the aircraft when there are multiple rotors on each side of the aircraft. Reducing tonal noise, depending on the aircraft design, can effectively reduce the total noise output for a given flight scenario.

Drone Charging System

TBMG-3824112/01/2020

StoreDot Herzliya, Israel +972 3 5097710

Encapsulated Drone System

TBMG-3825512/01/2020

SpearUAV Tel Aviv, Israel +972-52-4054141

Drone Parachute Rescue System

TBMG-3824812/01/2020

Drone Rescue Systems GmbH Graz, Austria +43 660 140 80 55

Tethered Drones Improve Cellular and Internet Networks

TBMG-3818812/01/2020

The use of tethered unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAVs) has been modeled as a powerful new tool for improving cellular phone and Internet networks. When employed as flying base stations with a cable connection, multirotor drones could quickly ramp up coverage, increase the efficiency of urban networks, and provide much needed access in remote rural areas.

2020 Create the Future Design Contest: Aerospace & Defense Category Winner — NiobiCon™

TBMG-3820212/01/2020

Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems

AS6969A (Historical)

10/10/2020

This data dictionary provides definitions for quantities, measurement units, reference systems, measurands, measurements and quantity modalities commonly used in the command and control of cyber physical systems. A cyber physical system is an engineered system that is built from, and depends upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Cyber physical systems are often interconnected via data links and networks. The term encompasses intelligent vehicles and devices that operate in any environment, including robotic and autonomous systems.

AS-4UCS Unmanned Systems Control Segment Architecture