Browse Topic: Military aircraft

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LED Landing, Taxiing, Runway Turnoff, and Recognition LightsARP6402B (Current)11/26/2025
This document includes recommendations of installations of adequate landing and taxiing lighting systems in aircraft of the following categories: a. Single engine personal and/or liaison type b. Light twin engine c. Large multiengine propeller d. Large multiengine turbojet e. Military high performance fighter and attack f. Helicopter which are subject to the following CFR Parts certification: Part 23 – Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter Aircrafts Part 25 – Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Aircrafts Part 27 – Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft Part 29 – Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
A Review of Literature on the Relationship Between Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants and Aircraft Cabin Air QualityAIR5784A (Current)11/26/2025
There has been a recent upsurge in interest from the media concerning the quality of the environment within aircraft cabins and cockpits especially in the commercial world. This has included (although by no means been limited to) the air quality, with particular reference to the alleged effects of contamination from the aircraft turbine lubricant. Possible exposure to 'organophosphates' (OPs) from the oil has raised special concerns from cabin crew. Such is the concern that government organisations around the world, including Australia, USA and UK, have set up committees to investigate the cabin air quality issue. Concern was also voiced in the aviation lubricants world at the way in which OP additives in turbine lubricants were being blamed in some reports for the symptoms being experienced by air crew and passengers. SAE Committee E-34 therefore decided that it should gather as much available information on the subject as possible. This would then enable E-34 to participate in
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Electrohydrostatic Actuation Applications on Aircraft ProgramsAIR6353 (Current)11/26/2025
This document will maintain a listing of all current and new EHA/EBHA aircraft applications, including parameters such as power, force, rate, etc, as is permissible for public offering.
A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
EDITORIAL: Farewell and thanks, Mr. Birch21AUTP06_0401/27/2025
“We pay close attention to the SAE magazines because your guy in Europe writes interesting articles,” a BMW engineering executive told me one year at the Frankfurt Motor Show. He was referring to Stuart Birch, our veteran European Editor, who has recently decided - after nearly 37 years of outstanding reporting for SAE International - to hang up his keyboard and spend more time with his wife, Kim, their family and friends in the British countryside, and his classic Porsche 911. Our staff had been dreading the day that Stuart would announce his retirement, foremost because he's been a great friend as well as a colleague. And because journalists with his qualities - professionalism, perspective, a powerful work ethic and great wit - are increasingly rare in the mobility-technology space. As SAE's global audience knew, Stuart Birch delivered compelling technical and business information. He covered product, processes and people with equal poise. And he thrived on the R&D beat: Virtual
Brooke, Lindsay
HANDBOOK OF HYDRAULIC METRIC CALCULATIONSAIR1657 (Current)04/05/2023
SI and other metric units related to aerospace hydraulics are summarized. Conversion of English units is provided as required. Fundamental fluid properties and physical laws governing fluid motion and pressure are described in SI units. Examples of application to typical aerospace hydraulic system components are worked out. Thermodynamic processes are excluded from the scope of this report.
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Infrared Signature of Fixed and Variable Area C-D Nozzle of Aircraft Engine01-16-02-001101/02/2023
The use of converging-diverging (C-D) variable area nozzle (VAN) in military aeroengines is now common, as it can give optimal expansion and control over engine back pressure, for a wide range of engine operations. At higher main combustion temperatures (desired for supercruise), an increase in the nozzle expansion ratio is needed for optimum performance. But changes in the nozzle throat and exit areas affect the visibility of engine hot parts as the diverging section of the nozzle is visible for a full range of view angle from the rear aspect. The solid angle subtended by engine hot parts varies with change in visibility, which affects the aircraft infrared (IR) signature from the rear aspect. This study compares the performances of fixed and variable area nozzles (FAN and VAN) in terms of engine thrust and IR signature of the engine exhaust system in the boresight for the same increase in combustion temperature. This study is performed for two cases: (i) variable throat area and
Baranwal, Nidhi, Mahulikar, Shripad P.
Nano-UAV SystemsTBMG-4644609/01/2022
Teledyne FLIR Defense Elkridge, MD 781-801-6161
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Studies on Weapon Safe Separation for a High Speed Aircraft2022-26-120705/26/2022
One of the key differences between civilian aircraft and military aircraft is its capability to carry and release bombs. From the earliest days of aviation, when the pilot would drop simple bombs by hand, engineers have striven to develop the capability to accurately deliver weapons against targets reliably and safely. The integration of weapons on aircraft requires evaluation of multiple topics related to different disciplines such as aerodynamics, structures, avionics/software maintenance, electro-magnetic interactions, flight test instrumentation, and ground and flight tests. In addition to compatibility concerns, the release of a weapon creates issues such as the ability of the specific store to achieve safe separation and the ability of the aircraft structure to withstand the imparted loads during the ejection of store from pylon or launching phase in the presence of aircraft flow field. When a store is released from the aircraft there will be a complex interaction between
Kumar, Dileep, Kumar, Umesh, N, Subramanya
Application Guide for Aerospace Hydraulic MotorsARP4940A (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is an application guide for fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors. It provides details of the characteristics of fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors, architectures, circuit designs, controls, and typical applications. The applications include airborne and defense vehicles with emphasis on high performance applications.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Minimum Operational and Maintenance Responsibilities for Aircraft Tire UsageARP5265C (Current)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) sets forth criteria for the installation, inflation, inspection, and maintenance of aircraft tires and the maintenance of the operating environment to ensure the safety of support personnel and the safe operation of the aircraft.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Minimum Operational and Maintenance Responsibilities for Aircraft Tire UsageARP5265C-TEST-REC (Historical)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) sets forth criteria for the installation, inflation, inspection, and maintenance of aircraft tires and the maintenance of the operating environment to ensure the safety of support personnel and the safe operation of the aircraft.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible Illuminated Pushbutton Switches and IndicatorsARP4822A (Current)09/03/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) reviews the basics of NVIS compatibility and discusses the specific illuminated pushbutton switch and indicator requirements for sunlight readability, color, luminance, and NVIS radiance when used in NVIS compatible cockpits. The recommendations and special considerations set forth in this document are made to give the design engineer a better understanding of MIL-L-85762A and MIL-STD-3009 NVIS compatibility requirements and to provide information on the visual characteristics of NVIS compatible pushbutton switch and indicators. The recommendations are primarly for military aircraft since civilian aircraft FAR requirements typically do not cover NVIS applications with the exception of those covered by RTCA/DO-275.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Fighter Jet ArmamentsTBMG-3986809/01/2021
MBDA Les Plesis Robinson, France +33 1 71 54 10 00
Test and Evaluation of Autonomy for Air Platforms21AERP08_0808/01/2021
Tools, approaches, and insights to confidently approach the safe, secure, effective, and efficient testing of autonomy on air platforms. Air Force Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California The 2018 National Defense Strategy emphasizes that the effective implementation of autonomy is essential for future engagements. Key to this implementation is the ability to test and evaluate systems that perform autonomous tasks. The purpose of this research is to equip testers with tools, approaches, and insights to confidently approach the testing of autonomy on air platforms. The air domain is chosen specifically for its applicability to the Air Force mission and to help scope the focus of this research. The intent is not to be an exhaustive reference for testing and evaluating autonomy; rather, the goal is to provide a launching point for greater investigation. Testing autonomy on airborne platforms brings unique challenges and, therefore, to be successful, testing should leverage the
Aircraft Tail BumpersAIR1800B (Current)06/22/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Aircraft Indicating Systems Optical PerformanceARP1088C (Current)06/01/2021
This ARP is intended to cover the warning, caution, and advisory indicating system required for commercial and military aerospace vehicles.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Rotorcraft: Application of Existing Aircraft Designed Tires, Wheels and BrakesARP5632 (Current)04/23/2021
This document covers recommendations for the application of existing qualified and approved in-service fixed wing aircraft tires, wheels and brakes to military and commercial rotorcraft. NOTE: This document does not address the use of radial tires due to insufficient data to support their approved use on rotorcraft, see paragraph 4.3.14 for specific impact on ground resonance.
A-5 Aerospace Landing Gear Systems Committee
Aircraft Flotation AnalysisAIR1780A (Current)04/23/2021
This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes the various methods used. To accomplish the minimum intent of this document, techniques could be limited to those needed for flotation analysis only; however, because of the close relation between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included. In fact, runway design criteria are used for flotation and evaluation in some cases, and are periodically the governing procedure in specific, if isolated, instances. From time to time, it may be necessary to deal with runways built to obsolete criteria. Therefore, a listing of most of these constitutes the third part. The fourth part of this document tabulates the recommended documents, categorizing them for commercial and civil versus military usage, by
A-5 Aerospace Landing Gear Systems Committee
Aircraft Tail BumpersAIR1800A (Historical)02/03/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Helicopter Cabin ComputerTBMG-3853702/01/2021
Abaco Systems Huntsville, AL 1-866-652-2226
Products of Tomorrow: February 2021TBMG-3852402/01/2021
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”20AERP12_0612/01/2020
Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at mid-latitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application. “Previous methods to observe these structures were insufficient for identifying and tracking these structures over large regions,” said Ken Obenberger, research physicist at AFRL. “It would be advantageous to actively identify where these structures are, where they are going, and how dense they are and we thought we could find a better way.”
Why Heat Exchanger Manufacturers Need to Rethink Design and FabricationTBMG-3822512/01/2020
Wherever oil, fuel, or electronics are located in a commercial or defense aircraft, spacecraft, or UAV, there’s likely a heat exchanger nearby. Some heat exchangers channel fuel stored in aircraft wings to cool the hot oil that lubricates the power system— as well as preheat the fuel on its way to the engines. Gearboxes produce an excess amount of heat that needs to be dissipated. And the increasing amount of electronics in modern aircraft must be precisely maintained at safe temperatures to function properly.
Aircraft Thermal Management System EngineeringAIR5744 (Current)10/26/2020
The intent of this report is to encourage that the thermal management system architecture be designed from a global platform perspective. Separate procurements for air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics have contributed to the development of aircraft that are sub-optimized from a thermal management viewpoint. In order to maximize the capabilities of the aircraft for mission performance and desired growth capability, overall system efficiency and effectiveness should be considered. This document provides general information about aircraft Thermal Management System Engineering (TMSE). The document also discusses approaches to processes and methodologies for validation and verification of thermal management system engineering. Thermal integration between the air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics can be particularly important from a thermal management standpoint. Due to these factors, this report is written to encourage the development of a more comprehensive system
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Information Warfare - Staying Protected at the Edge20AERP10_0210/01/2020
On April 1, 2001, a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy J-8II interceptor fighter jet collided above Hainan Island, China. Per protocol, the EP crew scrambled to destroy sensitive key-management data onboard the aircraft. However, the team was interrupted by opposing soldiers, and as a result failed to destroy cryptographic keys and other highly sensitive information on the plane. In a matter of seconds, U.S. secrets were in the hands of another nation, including intelligence documents, NSA employee names, defense plans, and other confidential documents. This exposure of information set back U.S. intelligence enough to impact the nation's defense strategy for years. Had this aircraft been equipped with hardware-embedded cyber defense capabilities such as instant secure erase (ISE), the complete compromise of sensitive data could have been prevented - U.S. troops would have been able to destroy the data with the
Information Warfare: Staying Protected at the EdgeTBMG-3788110/01/2020
On April 1, 2001, a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy J-8II interceptor fighter jet collided above Hainan Island, China. Per protocol, the EP crew scrambled to destroy sensitive key-management data onboard the aircraft. However, the team was interrupted by opposing soldiers, and as a result failed to destroy cryptographic keys and other highly sensitive information on the plane. In a matter of seconds, U.S. secrets were in the hands of another nation, including intelligence documents, NSA employee names, defense plans, and other confidential documents.
Aircraft Protection SystemsTBMG-3789410/01/2020
Northrop Grumman Corporation Falls Church, VA 1-703-280-2900
Information on Parking Brake SystemsAIR6441 (Current)09/16/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on the parking brake system design for a variety of aircraft including part 23, 25, 27, and 29. The document includes a discussion of key technical issues with parking brakes. This document does NOT provide recommended practices for parking brake system design.
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
Damage & Repair TrackerTBMG-3759809/01/2020
tlmNexus Brighton, UK +44 (0) 1273 545960
Lighting, Aircraft Interior, Installation ofAS18276B (Current)08/28/2020
This specification covers the installation of aircraft interior lighting for military aircraft.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve the Performance of Millimeter-Wave Systems by Lowering Noise Levels20AERP08_0508/01/2020
Silence is golden when it comes to filtering out unwanted reflected noise, especially in extremely high-frequency, millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. While recent improvements in isolator designs are solving many of these problems, one critical challenge remains: finding isolators that operate optimally under cryogenic conditions. For manufacturers of ultra-high-frequency wireless applications such as 5G and 6G communications, standoff security scanning, and military defense products, the issue of MMW and cryogenics is relatively new. In fact, some system designers may still be unaware that an isolator built to operate at room temperatures will fail to operate optimally when temperatures are reduced to cryogenic levels.
Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve the Performance of Millimeter-Wave Systems by Lowering Noise LevelsTBMG-3737208/01/2020
Silence is golden when it comes to filtering out unwanted reflected noise, especially in extremely high-frequency, millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. While recent improvements in isolator designs are solving many of these problems, one critical challenge remains: finding isolators that operate optimally under cryogenic conditions.
sUAS-Based Payload Development and Testing for Quantifying Optical TurbulenceTBMG-3736608/01/2020
Within the highly dynamic and hostile modern-day battlespace, the Department of Defense (DoD) is constantly facing threats from multiple domains. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), swarms of fast attack craft, anti-ship missiles and manned aircraft are quickly developing asymmetric options. These threats need to be tracked, engaged and destroyed in quick succession. However, not all threats can necessarily be paired with the same weapons system.
sUAS-Based Payload Development and Testing for Quantifying Optical Turbulence20AERP08_1108/01/2020
Understanding how atmospheric effects can impact operational conditions is important to the development of High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon systems. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California Within the highly dynamic and hostile modern-day battlespace, the Department of Defense (DoD) is constantly facing threats from multiple domains. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), swarms of fast attack craft, anti-ship missiles and manned aircraft are quickly developing asymmetric options. These threats need to be tracked, engaged and destroyed in quick succession. However, not all threats can necessarily be paired with the same weapons system. The use of directed electro-optical energy has a long history in warfare dating back to the days of the Romans. According to legend, Archimedes used an array of mirrors to direct beams of sunlight on enemy ships to burn them down before they could invade Syracuse. In more recent times, the Navy began experimenting with the use of chemical lasers in the
High-Speed Data Cables for Fighter AircraftTBMG-3710906/01/2020
Harbour Industries LLC Shelburne, VT 1-802-985-3311
Air Conditioning of Aircraft CargoAIR806B (Current)05/12/2020
The report presents air conditioning data for aircraft cargo which is affected by temperature, humidity, ventilation rate and atmospheric pressure. The major emphasis is on conditioning of perishable products and warm-blooded animals. The report also covers topics peculiar to cargo aircraft or which are related to the handling of cargo.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Facility Focus: NASA Ames Research CenterTBMG-3686705/01/2020
Established in December 1939 as part of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), Ames Aeronautical Laboratory was named for Joseph Sweetman Ames, founding chairman of the NACA and the architect of aeronautical research in the United States. In 1958, the lab was absorbed into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle IcingEPR202000804/27/2020
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with a large variety of commercial and military applications. In-flight icing occurs during flight in supercooled clouds or freezing precipitation and is a potential hazard to all aircraft. In-flight icing on UAVs imposes a major limitation on the operational envelope. This report describes the unsettled topics related to UAV icing. First, typical UAV applications and the general hazards of icing are described. Second, an overview of the special technical characteristics of icing on autonomous and unmanned aircraft is given. Third, the operational challenges for flight in icing conditions are discussed. Fourth, technologies for ice protection that mitigate the icing hazard are introduced. Fifth, the tools and methods required to understand UAV icing and to develop aircraft with cold-weather capabilities are presented. Finally, an assessment of the current and future regulations regarding icing on UAVs is provided.Icing is a key
Hann, Richard, Johansen, Tor A.
Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and BusinessARP6001B (Current)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for design and test requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly-by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Fire Containment Cover - Operation and UseARP6905 (Current)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the effective operation and use of fire containment covers (FCCs). Technical Standard Orders (TSOs) C203 and C90e (and later revisions) incorporate AS6453, and provide the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for an FCC design. The net and pallet used with the FCC must be approved using the updated net and flammability requirements in TSO C90e and later revisions. However, fire containment performance also requires this equipment is properly used. Fire safety is compromised when FCCs are used in an inadequate manner.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and BusinessARP6001B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for design and test requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly-by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Fire Containment Cover - Operation and UseARP6905-TEST-REC (Historical)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the effective operation and use of fire containment covers (FCCs). Technical Standard Orders (TSOs) C203 and C90e (and later revisions) incorporate AS6453, and provide the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for an FCC design. The net and pallet used with the FCC must be approved using the updated net and flammability requirements in TSO C90e and later revisions. However, fire containment performance also requires this equipment is properly used. Fire safety is compromised when FCCs are used in an inadequate manner.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Light Attack Reconnaissance Helicopter Secures Vertical Lift DominanceTBMG-3661604/01/2020
Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company Stratford, CT 203-386-4000
Application of Extended Messinger Models to Complex Geometries2020-01-002203/10/2020
Since, ice accretion can significantly degrade the performance and the stability of an airborne vehicle, it is imperative to be able to model it accurately. While ice accretion studies have been performed on airplane wings and helicopter blades in abundance, there are few that attempt to model the process on more complex geometries such as fuselages. This paper proposes a methodology that extends an existing in-house Extended Messinger solver to complex geometries by introducing the capability to work with unstructured grids and carry out spatial surface streamwise marching. For the work presented here commercial solvers such as STAR-CCM+ and ANSYS Fluent are used for the flow field and droplet dispersed phase computations. The ice accretion is carried out using an in-house icing solver called GT-ICE. The predictions by GT-ICE are compared to available experimental data, or to predictions by other solvers such as LEWICE and STAR-CCM+. Three different cases with varying levels of
Gupta, Avani, Sankar, Lakshmi, Kreeger, Richard
Multi-Objective Flight Control Optimization FrameworkTBMG-3620103/01/2020
Composite materials are used in aerospace design because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. On modern airplanes, composite wings offer a greater degree of aerodynamic efficiency due to weight savings but at the same time introduce more structural flexibility than their aluminum counterparts. Under off-design flight conditions, changes in the wing shape due to structural flexibility cause the wing aerodynamics to be non-optimal. This effect could offset any weight-saving benefits realized by the composite wings. Structural flexibility could also cause adverse interactions with flight control and structural vibration that can compromise aircraft stability, pilot handling qualities, and passenger ride quality.
Attack Reconnaissance HelicopterTBMG-3606302/01/2020
Bell Textron Inc Fort Worth, TX +1 817-280-2011
Aerospace & Defense Technology: February 202020AERP0201/30/2020
Rad-Hard Microelectronics for Space Applications Outsourcing Plasma Treatments for Surface Modification Adding Context to Full-Motion Video for Improved Surveillance and Situational Awareness Implementing an Aerospace Factory of the Future 90° Hybrid Coupled Power Amplifier - Pros and Cons A New Network Design for the "Internet from Space" Future Advances in Electronic Materials and Processes - Flexible Hybrid Electronics Despite progress being made, there are still significant obstacles to the manufacture and use of flexi-ble hybrid electronics in military applications. Heterogeneous Integration Technology Integrating different types of devices and materials could increase their functional density, improving the performance of electro-optic systems for sensor applications. The Impact of Cyber Cameras on the Intelligence Community The ability to covertly access and manipulate cyber cameras could provide valuable strategic data for the US intelligence community. Calculating Electrical
Changing How the Aerospace Industry Makes PartsTBMG-3568412/01/2019
Technology that increases production rates and part quality, while reducing setup times and costs, is seeing a surge in demand within the aerospace sector as the commercial aircraft backlog continues to grow.
Technology Impact Forecasting for Multi-Functional CompositesTBMG-3567912/01/2019
To survive within today's stringent economic environment, aircraft design, particularly military aircraft design, has been experiencing a paradigm shift from an emphasis on design for optimum performance to design for system effectiveness. As a consequence, designers and manufacturers are increasingly considering the addition of new technologies to aircraft design to reduce their cost, increase their operating capacities, and optimize new capabilities.
Technology Impact Forecasting for Multi-Functional Composites19AERP12_0912/01/2019
Multi-functional composites offer a possible solution to the conflicting design goals of making new aircraft lighter, stronger, faster, and more environmentally sustainable. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia To survive within today's stringent economic environment, aircraft design, particularly military aircraft design, has been experiencing a paradigm shift from an emphasis on design for optimum performance to design for system effectiveness. As a consequence, designers and manufacturers are increasingly considering the addition of new technologies to aircraft design to reduce their cost, increase their operating capacities, and optimize new capabilities. For next generation aircraft design, there are many innovative technologies to be developed that are financially constrained. However, infusion of a new technology (or technologies) are leading to another challenge: how does this new technology affect the aircraft system both in capability and economically?
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