Browse Topic: Freighter aircraft

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Aircraft Brake Temperature MonitoringARP6812 (Current)10/28/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for the function, design, construction, and testing of an on-aircraft Brake Temperature Monitoring System (BTMS), sometimes referred to as a Brake Temperature Indication System (BTIS). NOTE: This ARP does not address: Cockpit ergonomics and Aircraft operating procedures. Various handheld methods of temperature sensing or readouts, as these are not associated with transport aircraft during normal operation. Temperature sensitive paints as a means to indicate exceedance of a landing gear axle temperature threshold due to brake temperature.
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Flotation AnalysisAIR1780A (Current)04/23/2021
This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes the various methods used. To accomplish the minimum intent of this document, techniques could be limited to those needed for flotation analysis only; however, because of the close relation between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included. In fact, runway design criteria are used for flotation and evaluation in some cases, and are periodically the governing procedure in specific, if isolated, instances. From time to time, it may be necessary to deal with runways built to obsolete criteria. Therefore, a listing of most of these constitutes the third part. The fourth part of this document tabulates the recommended documents, categorizing them for commercial and civil versus military usage, by
A-5 Aerospace Landing Gear Systems Committee
Information Report
Wheel ChocksAIR4905A (Current)04/08/2021
The purpose of this document is to present general considerations for the design and use of aircraft wheel chocks. The design and use of aircraft wheel chocks is a good deal more complicated than it may appear at first glance.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Information Report
Main Line Aircraft Tow Bar Attach Fitting InterfaceAS1614D (Current)04/08/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the interface requirements for tow bar attachment fittings on the nose gear (when towing operations are performed from the nose gear) of conventional tricycle type landing gears of commercial civil transport aircraft with a maximum ramp weight higher than 50,000 kg (110,000 pounds), commonly designated as “main line aircraft”. Its purpose is to achieve tow bar attachment fittings interface standardization by aircraft weight category (which determines tow bar forces) in order to ensure that one single type of tow bar with a standard connection can be used for all aircraft types within or near that weight category, so as to assist operators and airport handling companies in reducing the number of different tow bar types used.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Generalizing Aspects of System Safety to Broaden Applicability2021-01-003703/02/2021
The Safety Assessment Process, defined by SAE ARP4761 and associated regulatory guidance, is described in the context of conventional, crewed civil aircraft. While this material has been used for decades to evaluate airplanes and rotorcraft, the evolution of technology challenges it. As new entrants venture into aviation, they bring perspectives, which may not clearly align to those conventional concepts. For those skilled in the art of aviation safety assessment, the approach to new technologies might appear straight forward. Such an individual might easily perceive the accommodations for unconventional applications. Once accommodations are made, and failure conditions are established and classified to those new architectures, the rest of the process is somewhat mechanical -they flow out of these conditions. However, the context of their experience betrays the reality of the process description in the ARP and guidance. Such accommodations are not discussed in them, and the process
Voros, Robert
Journal Article
Flight Test Procedures for Static Pressure Systems Installed in Subsonic Transport AircraftARP921B (Current)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the test procedures and equipment for performing flight testing on pitot-static systems installed in subsonic transport type aircraft.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Recommended Practice
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B (Current)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Technical Standard
Automatic Pilots (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS440B (Current)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers automatic pilots intended for use on aircraft to automatically operate the primary and trim aerodynamic controls to maintain stable flight and/or to provide maneuvering about any of the three axes through servo control. Automatic control functions essential for primary or augmented flight control are excluded.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Technical Standard
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B-TEST-REC (Historical)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Technical Standard
Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Performance Requirements and Test ParametersAS36100C-TEST-REC (Historical)09/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the minimum performance requirements and test parameters for air cargo unit load devices requiring approval of airworthiness for installation in an approved aircraft cargo compartment and restraint system that complies with the cargo restraint requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9.0-g forward ultimate inertia force of § 25.561 (b)(3)(ii).
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Technical Standard
Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Performance Requirements and Test ParametersAS36100C (Current)09/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the minimum performance requirements and test parameters for air cargo unit load devices requiring approval of airworthiness for installation in an approved aircraft cargo compartment and restraint system that complies with the cargo restraint requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9.0-g forward ultimate inertia force of § 25.561 (b)(3)(ii).
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Technical Standard
Enhancing Aircraft System Monitoring and Reducing Unscheduled MaintenanceTBMG-3721807/01/2020
It can be laborious and time-consuming to troubleshoot and repair systems on aircraft. Without granular data, it can be difficult for maintenance personnel to identify what part of a system is faulty and it can take a long time to remove, test, and reinstall parts of a system until the culprit is found. Worse, if a failure occurs that unexpectedly grounds an aircraft, it can mean severe disruption and expense for the airline.
Magazine Article
Safety Considerations for Airplane LavatoriesARP1315E (Current)06/25/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes safety recommendations for lavatories in transport category airplanes.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Qualification ProgramAS6286B-TEST-REC (Historical)06/11/2020
This document establishes the minimum training and qualification requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures. All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations. The scope of training should be adjusted according to local demands. There are a wide variety of winter seasons and differences of the involvement between deicing operators, and therefore the level and length of training should be adjusted accordingly. However, the minimum level of training shall be covered in all cases. As a rule of thumb, the amount of time spent in practical training should equal or exceed the amount of time spent in classroom training.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Technical Standard
Approach to Landing Guidance System for Transport AircraftARP4102/12B (Current)06/11/2020
This document specifies requirements for an Approach to Landing Guidance System (ALGS) electronic device. This equipment shall display relative aircraft position and situation information for flight along precision three-dimensional paths within the appropriate coverage area. The precision three-dimensional path may be an ILS straight-in look-alike path or a complex, curved path. The requirements are applicable to electronic devices capable of receiving signals or other information from one or more sources, including but not limited to ILS, GNSS, or IRU inputs.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Qualification ProgramAS6286B (Historical)06/11/2020
This document establishes the minimum training and qualification requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures. All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations. The scope of training should be adjusted according to local demands. There are a wide variety of winter seasons and differences of the involvement between deicing operators, and therefore the level and length of training should be adjusted accordingly. However, the minimum level of training shall be covered in all cases. As a rule of thumb, the amount of time spent in practical training should equal or exceed the amount of time spent in classroom training.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Technical Standard
Air Conditioning of Aircraft CargoAIR806B (Current)05/12/2020
The report presents air conditioning data for aircraft cargo which is affected by temperature, humidity, ventilation rate and atmospheric pressure. The major emphasis is on conditioning of perishable products and warm-blooded animals. The report also covers topics peculiar to cargo aircraft or which are related to the handling of cargo.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Information Report
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D (Current)04/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D-TEST-REC (Historical)04/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle IcingEPR202000804/27/2020
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with a large variety of commercial and military applications. In-flight icing occurs during flight in supercooled clouds or freezing precipitation and is a potential hazard to all aircraft. In-flight icing on UAVs imposes a major limitation on the operational envelope. This report describes the unsettled topics related to UAV icing. First, typical UAV applications and the general hazards of icing are described. Second, an overview of the special technical characteristics of icing on autonomous and unmanned aircraft is given. Third, the operational challenges for flight in icing conditions are discussed. Fourth, technologies for ice protection that mitigate the icing hazard are introduced. Fifth, the tools and methods required to understand UAV icing and to develop aircraft with cold-weather capabilities are presented. Finally, an assessment of the current and future regulations regarding icing on UAVs is provided.Icing is a key
Hann, Richard, Johansen, Tor A.
Research Report
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896-TEST-REC (Historical)04/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896 (Current)04/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and BusinessARP6001B (Current)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for design and test requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly-by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Recommended Practice
Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and BusinessARP6001B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for design and test requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly-by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Recommended Practice
Fire Containment Cover - Operation and UseARP6905-TEST-REC (Historical)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the effective operation and use of fire containment covers (FCCs). Technical Standard Orders (TSOs) C203 and C90e (and later revisions) incorporate AS6453, and provide the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for an FCC design. The net and pallet used with the FCC must be approved using the updated net and flammability requirements in TSO C90e and later revisions. However, fire containment performance also requires this equipment is properly used. Fire safety is compromised when FCCs are used in an inadequate manner.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
Fire Containment Cover - Operation and UseARP6905 (Current)04/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the effective operation and use of fire containment covers (FCCs). Technical Standard Orders (TSOs) C203 and C90e (and later revisions) incorporate AS6453, and provide the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for an FCC design. The net and pallet used with the FCC must be approved using the updated net and flammability requirements in TSO C90e and later revisions. However, fire containment performance also requires this equipment is properly used. Fire safety is compromised when FCCs are used in an inadequate manner.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Oxygen Replenishment Coupling for Civil Transport Aircraft (Design Standard)AS1219A (Current)02/28/2020
This SAE Aerospace Design Standard defines a coupling, which is installed in a high pressure (1850 to 2000 psig) oxygen system of a civil transport aircraft for the purpose of mating to ground oxygen replenishment facilities. Dimensions developed from AND10089, Detail Specification Sheet for Fitting End, Design Standard, For Cone Connection.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Landing Gear Fatigue Spectrum Development For Part 25 AircraftAIR5914 (Current)02/28/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides guidelines for the development of landing gear fatigue spectra for the purpose of designing and certification testing of Part 25 landing gear. Many of the recommendations herein are generalizations based on data obtained from a wide range of landing gears. The aircraft manufacturer or the landing gear supplier is encouraged to use data more specific to their particular undercarriage whenever possible.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Information Report
Maintenance of Pitot-Static Systems of Transport AircraftAIR975B (Current)02/20/2020
In efforts to increase the accuracy and reliability of altimetry, speed measurement and other aspects of air data, a great deal of attention and money have been expended on new and refined pressure transducing and computing systems and on the standards by which they are calibrated. So much progress has been made in this that the limiting factor is, or may soon be, the sensing and transmitting in the aircraft of the pressures to be transduced. Until the appearance of References 1-13 and 18 there was little guidance available on the maintenance of pitot and static systems. This report presents what information is available, suggests limits, and lists the principal original papers on the subject.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Information Report
Flight Deck Interior Doors for Transport AircraftARP4101/8A (Current)02/18/2020
This document recommends criteria for standardizing flight deck interior doors and their operation to optimize their use under normal and emergency conditions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Magnesium Alloys in Aircraft Seats - Developments in Magnesium Alloy Flammability TestingAIR6160A (Current)01/09/2020
This document provides informational background, rationale and a technical case to allow consideration of the removal of the magnesium alloy restriction in aircraft seat construction as contained in AS8049B. The foundation of this argument is flammability characterization work performed by the FAA at the William J. Hughes Technical Center (FAATC), Fire Safety Branch in Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA. The rationale and detailed testing results are presented along with flammability reports that have concluded that the use of specific types of magnesium alloys in aircraft seat construction does not increase the hazard level potential in the passenger cabin in a post-crash fire scenario. Further, the FAA has developed a lab scale test method, reference DOT/FAA/TC-13/52, to be used as a certification test, or method of compliance (MOC) to allow acceptability of the use of magnesium in the governing TSO-C127 and TSO-C39C. Other flammability studies are also cited in the AIR document to
Aircraft SEAT Committee
Information Report
Performance Standards for Oblique Facing Passenger Seats in Transport AircraftARP6316A (Current)11/19/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) documents a common understanding of terms, compliance issues, and occupant injury criteria to facilitate the design and certification of oblique facing passenger seat installations specific to Part 25 aircraft. The applicability of the criteria listed in this current release is limited to seats with an occupant facing direction greater than 18 and no greater than 30 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. Later revisions are intended to provide criteria for other facing directions. Performance criteria for side facing seats installed with the occupant facing direction at 90 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis are provided in AS8049/1. Seats installed at angles greater than 30 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis must have an energy absorbing rest or shoulder harness. However, this document does not provide the criteria for oblique facing seats incorporating such rests. Satisfying the criteria listed
Aircraft SEAT Committee
Recommended Practice
MARK I AVIATION KU-BAND AND KA-BAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM PART 1 PHYSICAL INSTALLATION AND AIRCRAFT INTERFACESARINC791P1-3 (Current)09/19/2019
This standard sets forth the desired characteristics of Aviation Ku-band Satellite Communication (Satcom) and Ka-band Satcom Systems intended for installation in all types of commercial air transport aircraft. The intent of this characteristic is to provide guidance on the interfaces, form, fit, and function of the systems. This document also describes the desired operational capability of the equipment needed to provide a broadband transport link that can be used for data, video, and voice communications typically used for passenger communications and/or entertainment. The systems described in this characteristic are not qualified, at this writing, for aviation safety functions.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Characteristic
Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport AircraftARP4103A (Current)09/17/2019
This document recommends design and performance criteria for aircraft lighting systems used to illuminate flight deck controls, luminous visual displays used for transfer of information, and flight deck background and instrument surfaces that form the flight deck visual environment. This document is for commercial transport aircraft except for applications requiring night vision compatibility.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
Recommended Practice
Flight Optimization Model on Global and Interval Ranges for Conceptual Studies of MEA Systems2019-01-190609/16/2019
In development of more electric aircraft applications, it is important to discuss aircraft energy management on various level of aircraft operation. This paper presents a computationally efficient optimization model for evaluating flight efficiency on global and interval flight ranges. The model is described as an optimal control problem with an objective functional subjected to state condition and control input constraints along a flight path range. A flight model consists of aircraft point-mass equations of motion including engine and aerodynamic models. The engine model generates the engine thrust and fuel consumption rate for operation condition and the aerodynamic model generates the drag force and lift force of an aircraft for flight conditions. These models is identified by data taken from a published literature as an example. First, approximate optimization process is performed for climb, cruise, decent and approach as each interval range path. Next, optimization for global
Shibuya, Yotsugi, Oyori, Hitoshi, Sugawara, Hirotaka, Seki, Naoki
Technical Paper
Collins Aerospace provides avionics for C-130H modernization programSAE-MA-0000209/03/2019
The Lockheed C-130H Hercules fleet operated by the Air National Guard and U.S. Air Force Reserve is getting new Collins Aerospace Systems avionics that will help extend the life of the legacy aircraft by 20 years.
Kucinski, William
Magazine
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Qualification ProgramAS6286A (Historical)06/26/2019
This document establishes the minimum training and qualification requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures. All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations. The scope of training should be adjusted according to local demands. There are a wide variety of winter seasons and differences of the involvement between deicing operators, and therefore the level and length of training should be adjusted accordingly. However, the minimum level of training shall be covered in all cases. As a rule of thumb, the amount of time spent in practical training should equal or exceed the amount of time spent in classroom training.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Technical Standard
Facing the Challenges of Supercooled Large Droplet Icing: Results of a Flight Test Based Joint DLR-Embraer Research Project2019-01-198806/10/2019
Today’s airplanes are well equipped to cope with most common icing conditions. However, some atmospheric conditions consisting of supercooled large droplets (SLD) have been identified as cause of severe accidents over the last decades as existing countermeasures even on modern aircraft are not necessarily effective against SLD-ice. In 2014, the new Appendix O to the certification regulations (FAR Part 25 / CS-25) had been issued to guarantee the safe operation of future airplane when encountering SLD conditions. But as the SLD topic is quite new for the majority of aircraft manufacturers and research institutes in a same way, DLR (German Aerospace Center) and Embraer established a joint research cooperation in 2012 to obtain a better understanding of the distinct influences of SLD-ice shapes on aircraft characteristics and to evaluate proper ways for future airplane certification under App. O. Furthermore, one additional scientific goal of the cooperation was to develop and test new
Deiler, Christoph, Ohme, Per, Raab, Christian, Mendonca, Celso, Silva, Daniel
Journal Article
Air Cargo Pallets - Utilization GuidelinesARP5486 (Current)04/01/2019
Air cargo pallets and their cargo restraint nets constitute aircraft Unit Load Devices, defined by industry standards and airworthiness certified based on Technical Standard Order (TSO) C90c in accordance with the requirements of NAS 3610. This guarantees their design to be intrinsically safe for flight on board compatible aircraft types. However, actual flight safety also requires these certified pieces of equipment to be properly used: numerous occurrences have demonstrated a certified ULD can nevertheless jeopardize flight safety if loaded or restrained in an inadequate manner.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Jacking Pads Adapters and Sockets Design and Installation ofAS8091A (Current)03/29/2019
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides requirements for design and installation of aircraft jacking pad adapters and the mating jack socket interface to permit use of standard jacking equipment to be used in civil and military transport aircraft. The adapter defined herein shall be the key interface between the aircraft and the aircraft jack(s).
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Deployable – Instrument Landing SystemTBMG-3376502/01/2019
Thales Group Cedex, France + 33(0)1 57 77 86 26
Magazine Article
Highly Efficient Civil Aviation, Now via Operations - AAR and Challenges2018-01-192510/30/2018
Global civil aviation growth at 5+% yearly poses extreme environmental challenges. Advances have appeared gradually through improved aerodynamic shapes, using carbon fibres, and enhanced engines; however, as these technologies mature, direct efficiency advances require increasing effort. Often Passenger convenience is forgotten e.g. the long-range air traffic has developed on hub-spoke basis implying extra feeder flights, transit passenger inconveniences, capacity issues. Efficiency metrics emphasize “Why, How & What”, with an understanding of the range sensitivities, operational concepts and performance goals via the important “X-factor”. For given range, current aircraft are “greener” than previous generations. Medium range aircraft s are always greener than those for short or long ranges. However, currently, the major trend is for the latter: twin-aisle A350, A380, B787, B777X (10+% payload, 40+% fuel to MTOW). Shorter range single-aisle aircraft are “feeders” or newer derivatives
Nangia, R K
Technical Paper
Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Use of Airworthiness Reference DocumentsAIR36106A (Current)10/18/2018
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides instructions for intended proper use of Aerospace Standard AS36100A, published 2006-04 [TSO pending], as the technical reference for airworthiness approval of air cargo unit load devices (pallets, nets and containers) to be loaded on board civil transport aircraft. For consistency and cross-checking purposes, it also includes instructions for proper use of previous NAS 3610 [Revision 10, 1990, referenced in TSO C90c], as commonly understood by the industry.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Information Report
AS36100 Background and Development RecordAIR36108 (Current)10/18/2018
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides a record of the development by SAE AGE-2A Air Cargo Sub-Committee of Aerospace Standard AS36100, Air Cargo Unit Load Devices — Performance Requirements and Test Parameters, published 2005-02, and its revision A published 2006-04, intended as a technical reference for airworthiness approval of air cargo unit load devices (pallets, nets and containers) to be loaded with either baggage or freight on board civil transport aircraft, and to partly supersede previously used NAS 3610, Cargo unit load devices - Specification for — [ Revision 10, 1990, referenced in TSO C90(c) ].
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Information Report
Aircraft On Board Weight and Balance System RequirementsARP1409C (Current)10/18/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes requirements for the function, characteristics, and installation of an aircraft On Board Weight and Balance System (OBWBS) for use on civil transport aircraft. This document is not intended to specify design methods, mechanisms, or material to accomplish the requirements set forth.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
Air Cargo Pallets and Nets CompatibilityARP36104A (Current)10/18/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the criteria to be applied in order to determine compatibility with each other of an air cargo pallet and air cargo pallet net airworthiness approved under either NAS 3610 [TSO C90c] or AS36100A [TSO pending] performance and testing requirements.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly by Wire Transport and BusinessARP6001A (Historical)10/04/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides general requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Recommended Practice
External Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Definition for Landing Gear Shock AbsorbersARP6408 (Current)07/25/2018
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a practical definition of external hydraulic fluid leakage exhibited by landing gear shock absorbers/struts. The definition will outline normal (acceptable weepage) and excessive leakage (unacceptable leakage) of shock absorbers/struts that is measurable. The definition of leakage is applicable to new gear assemblies, refurbished/remanufactured (overhauled) shock absorbers/struts, leakage of shock absorbers/struts encountered during acceptance flights, newly delivered and in-service aircraft. This ARP is intended to provide guidelines for acceptable leakage of landing gear shock absorbers/struts between the ambient temperatures of -65 °F (-54 °C) and 130 °F (54 °C) and to outline the procedure for measuring such leakage. The specific limits that are applied to any particular aircraft shall be adjusted by the aircraft manufacturer before inclusion in the applicable maintenance manual.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Recommended Practice
Landing Gear Component Heat DamageAIR5913A (Current)07/02/2018
The purpose of this report is to outline types of in-service heat damage that have been observed in high strength steel landing gear components, with an emphasis on a particular type that is referred to as “Ladder Cracking” which can develop in landing gear shock struts. The report discusses how ladder cracking can be detected visually and evaluated by non-destructive inspection methods, and how it can be repaired at overhaul with the prior approval of the Original Equipment Manufacturer. This report also describes the use of a bearing material that has resolved this problem without introducing other problems. Examples of other types of service induced heat damage are also discussed.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Information Report
Cargo Restraint Straps – Utilization GuidelinesARP5595B (Current)11/13/2017
This Aerospace Recommended Practice aims at providing general utilization guidelines and calculation methods adequate to guarantee the effectiveness and ultimate load strength of tie-down/lashing arrangements performed to restrain cargo on board civil transport aircraft during flight: a Cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness approved air cargo pallets, themselves restrained into aircraft lower deck, main deck or upper deck cargo systems meeting the restraint requirements of air cargo pallets approved in accordance with NAS 3610 or AS36100, or b Additional tie-down on aircraft structure when necessitated by pallet maximum gross mass or centre of gravity location, or c Individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of cargo placed onto an unrestrained (“floating”) pallet into either lower deck, main deck or upper deck containerized cargo compartments of an aircraft, or d Individual pieces of load loaded in non-containerized (bulk loaded) baggage or cargo compartments.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Recommended Practice
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