Browse Topic: Test procedures

Items (2,313)

Testing Methods for Advanced Intelligent Driving Systems Based on Natural Driving Behavior Characteristics

2025-01-714702/21/2025

The technology of advanced intelligent driving systems equipped in intelligent and connected vehicles evolves rapidly, while the corresponding testing and evaluation standards lag behind. To propose new testing methods for advanced intelligent driving systems, this study first identifies typical intelligent driving functions through extensive research. Based on the distribution characteristics of natural driving scenarios, a series of test cases for these typical functions are developed. By employing simulation methods and the "logical scenario-critical scenario-experimental scenario" mechanism, the generalized test cases are filtered, enabling the rapid extraction of high-value test cases for real-world field testing and validation. Finally, the typical intelligent driving functions of advanced driving systems are analyzed and evaluated from the perspectives of perception and decision-making, as well as control operations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed testing

Mo, Jingyue, Wu, Biao, Ma, Zhixiong, Ren, Hongze, He, Jiacan

Accelerated Lab Test facility for NRS Leaf Spring bracket for HCV Application

2024-26-034401/16/2024

In the modern automotive sector, durability and reliability are the most common terms. Customers are expecting a highly reliable product but at low cost. Any product that fails within its useful life leads to customer dissatisfaction and affects the reputation of the OEM. To eradicate this, all automotive components undergo stringent validation protocol, either in proving ground or in lab. This paper tails on developing an accelerated lab test methodology for NRS leaf spring bracket by simulating field failure. Initially, potential failure causes for spring bracket were analyzed. Road load data was then acquired at proving ground and customer site to evaluate the damage on the spring bracket. To simulate the field failure, lab test facility was developed, reproducing similar boundary conditions as in vehicle. Field failure was simulated with the existing design samples and Improved design of spring bracket was validated in the same test conditions and compared with the life of existing

G, Manthiramoorthy

Lubrication Evaluation of EV transmission

2024-26-032801/16/2024

The advent of EV powertrain has considerable effect on transmission development activities as competed to regular ICE transmission. Conventional ICE transmission and the transmission for an e-powertrain differ on fundamental level. The conventional transmission has number of gear ratios, shift mechanism which enables the transmission to deliver a smooth power output as per demand from the driver. Whereas the e-powertrain transmission is mostly a single gear ratio transmission (reducer) which primarily depends on speed and torque variation from the motor to cater the driver requirement. Hence, the operating speeds of the such e-transmissions can vary from 0 to 20000 in both forward and reverse directions. Such a large speed variation as compared with conventional transmission calls for special attention towards the lubrication of internal components. High speeds and lower oil viscosities tend to disrupt the oil films in between contact surfaces causing metal to metal contact. This

Kushwaha, Rakesh, Bhosale, Vikas, Navale, Pradeep, Patel, Hiral

Intelligent classification of automotive horn sound quality

2024-26-020401/16/2024

The primary function of an automotive horn is to alert pedestrians and other nearby vehicles to their safe passage on the road. Most of the human population is subjected to a certain amount of horn sound dosage daily. The study of automotive horns sound quality is equally important as their sound generation mechanism in high-end cars. The sound quality of automotive horns can be studied through subjective and objective test methods. In the present study, a subjective jury test and objective analysis using psychoacoustic parameters are conducted to classify car horn sound samples according to pleasantness. A total of twenty-two car horns, which consist of a disc and shell, are chosen for binaural sound recording. The recorded sound samples are used for subjective and objective analysis. Thirty members participated in the jury test, and a semantic differential method was selected to collect the user response. The Tukey range test is used to classify the subjective test data into groups

Mollah, Asfak, Mahanta, Tapan K., Balide, Venkatesham

ONE DIMENSIONAL (1-D) SIMULATION MODEL FOR RIDE AND COMFORT EVALUATION OF A TWO AXLE TRUCK.

2024-26-029901/16/2024

In automotive industry, testing and validation teams are highly dependent on availability of prototype vehicles for testing and evaluation of ride & comfort behavior of vehicles. Special test tracks surfaces are also used (namely Tar road, Belgian random track, Express way and driving over a Cleat) to evaluate the ride & comfort through jury evaluation (subjective evaluation). Ride is largely affected by transmissibility of road excitations to the driver and other occupant's seats, influence of suspension, bushes and tire are the major contributors in the transfer path of vibrations. A configurable 1-D simulation model of a Two Axle Truck is developed for quick evaluation of the ride & comfort behavior which is need of the hour for the testing team in optimizing the number of iterations in physical testing. These simulations will help in understanding the ride & comfort behavior and its sensitivity to changes in the component's characteristics in absence of physical test vehicles. The

SONI, YASH, Bagal, Vikram, GHANWAT, HEMANT, Mullapudi, Dattatreyudu, Chaskar, Mithun

Front-loading: Virtual Validation and Calibration on LABCAR

2024-26-024701/16/2024

The advent of BS6 coupled with RDE emission norms has increased the development efforts and costs due to the shear amount of testing and validation on real engines and vehicles which are necessitated by these stringed norms. Front-loading of tasks by moving actual vehicle and engine tasks on to virtual setup, will reduce the development efforts and costs significantly. This front-loading of tasks on to a LABCAR would need real time and highly accurate plant models, tools to parameterize these plant models and accurate data driven models to predict dynamic parameters like emissions. In this collaborative work between MSIL and ETAS India, ETAS VVTB + ICE plant models were parameterized with the data generated on engine test with ASCMO Global DoE test plan by using ASCMO MOCA. These plants models were optimized to an accuracy level of more than 95%. The ASCMO Global test plan also ensures the coverage of data points across the entire engine operating space. The optimized plant model

SAMADDAR, SOUMIK, Varsha, Anuroopa, Garg, Charu, Galgali, Abhishek, P R, Renjith

New test methodology development for combined variable test conditions of potential failure cause to analyze and elimination of Radiator hose field failure

2024-26-032601/16/2024

Testing is a part of design life cycle which is increases the design overhead as well as the lead time for release. Even though the virtual testing on a simulation software is a quicker solution to reduce testing time and cost, the results which we get will be the nearest approximation. But in some special cases, it is necessary to do physical validation since they will directly affect the performance of vehicle. when the physical validation comes into picture, recreation of field malfunction and elimination of the same is one fine elevation of engineering. This will increase reliability of product and brand value of organization. This paper describes about the study and analysis of field failure on Radiator hose. The modern problems do require modern way of approach to analyze and test. The objective of failure root cause has been analyzed using QC tools and listed down. This failure occurrence approached by combined test conditions of vibration and thermal pulsation belongs to

Langu, VenkataSatish

Test Methodology Development For Rig Level Validation Of Light Weight Stabilizer Link Of EV Bus Suspension

2024-26-035701/16/2024

In the modern and fast growing automotive sector, reliability & durability are two terms of utmost importance along with weight ad cost optimization. Therefore it is important to explore new technology which has less weight, low manufacturing cost and better strength. The new technology developed always seek for a quick, cost effective and reliable methodology for its design validation so that any modification can be made by identifying the failures. This paper presents the rig level test methodology to validate and to correlate the CAE derived strain levels, life cycle & failure mode of newly developed light weight stabilizer link for EV Bus suspension. Stabilizer link replaces the existing separate arrangement of anti-roll bar and parallel rods and light in weight by 30kg.This stabilizer link arrangement is having the short lever arms which are connected through torsion bar which goes under twisting moment and the short lever arms are intended to control wheel motion in longitudinal

Tangade, Atul Bandu, Babar, Sunil, Bankar, Milind Achyutrao, Mehendale, Ravindra, Dhumal, Kailas, Bhusari, Deepak

A Real-World Range Testing and Analysis Methodology Development for Battery Electric Vehicles

2024-26-012401/16/2024

Range anxiety is one of the major factors to be dealt with for increasing penetration of EVs in current Automotive market. The major reasons for range anxiety for customers are sparse charging infrastructure availability, unreliable range prediction and uncertain real-world range values. The uncertainty in real world range is due to the variation between the testing condition during vehicle development and real-world customer usage condition. This paper illustrates a more accurate test methodology development to derive the real-world range in electric vehicles (LMV) with experimental validation and system level analysis. The test methodology developed will be replicating the real-world usage scenario and bridge the gap between testing and Indian customer usage condition. Test conditions are developed based on matrix consisting of different routes, drive modes, Regeneration levels, customer drive behavior, time of drive, locations, ambient conditions etc. Based on the real world

B, SAKTHIVEL, Shams, Tausif, Lalasure, Santosh, Karnure, Shabbir Lalaso, Rajakumar, K., Omprasad, Karthick

A research work to develop an e-Axle generic DVP for the Indian Market complying with Indian and International standards

2024-26-011801/16/2024

The electric vehicle market of India has very high growth potential in the coming years, and several automotive manufacturers, including Tier-1 suppliers, are looking to take part in this growth phase. The electric powertrains used in e-cars on Indian roads comply with BIS and AIS standards, but these standards alone do not give much clarity on the complete list of tests required to develop an e-Axle through all stages of development. A major challenge for OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers is to develop the e-Axle in-house for the Indian market, which will play a significant role in overall profitability at high volumes in the long run. Compliance with BIS and AIS standards alone will not be enough to meet the development requirements of an e-axle because a comprehensive list of the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Traceable requirements of any e-Axle are fulfilled through Performance, Functional, Durability, and Robustness categories of tests. This paper presents a study of

Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Vaither, G V N Selvavindhan

Computational Investigation of a Flexible Airframe Taxiing Over an Uneven Runway for Aircraft Vibration Testing

12/15/2023

Ground vibration testing (GVT) is an important phase of the development, or the structural modification of an aircraft program. The modes of vibration and their associated parameters extracted from the GVT are used to modify the structural model of the aircraft to make more reliable dynamics predictions to satisfy certification authorities. Due to the high cost and the extensive preparations for such tests, a new method of vibration testing called taxi vibration testing (TVT) rooted in operational modal analysis (OMA) was recently proposed and investigated by the German Institute for Aerospace Research (DLR) as alternative to conventional GVT. In this investigation, a computational framework based on fully coupled flexible multibody dynamics for TVT is presented to further investigate the applicability of the TVT to flexible airframes. The time domain decomposition (TDD) method for OMA was used to postprocess the response of the airframe during a TVT. The framework was then used to

Al-bess, Lohay, Khouli, Fidel

AI-Based Testing for Autonomous Vehicles

2023-01-122806/26/2023

Test of autonomous systems is mostly brute force and ad-hoc thus being neither efficient nor transparent. Though requirements invite for a situational transparency, a framework is missing to judge quality of requirements and derived test-cases. Practical challenges are state explosion, difficulty to derive corner cases, no systematic safety of the intended functionality as specified, lack of accepted KPI, etc. Maintaining a valid safety case is hardly possible with such adaptive systems and continuous software updates. To achieve trusted autonomous vehicles, test cases must be generated automatically while at same time providing coverage (e.g., indicating progress with KPI), efficiency (e.g., limiting the amount of regression testing) and transparency (e.g., showing how specific corner cases are tested in case of accidents). This paper provides a method for automatically generating test cases for AI-based autonomous systems and compares it with existing testing methods. A case study is

Ebert, Christof, Weyrich, Michael

New system for the measurement of sound-insertion loss on small samples: a comparison with ASTM-E2611 and ASTM E90 test procedures

2025-01-011605/05/2023

This article follows a companion article presented at the SAE NVC 2021, in which a new system for the measurement on small samples of the normal-incidence Insertion Loss (IL) of multilayers used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts was first introduced. In addition to simplifying the evaluation of the sound-insulation of multi-layers used to produce sound-package components, the system aims to overcome the limitations of the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard. In this article, the latter point is demonstrated by comparing the insertion loss results obtained with the new system with those obtained with the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard on a few multilayers commonly used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts. Results indicate that the results obtained by means of the newly developed system are more meaningful, practically usable and less prone to edge-effects, compared to those obtained according to the ASTM E2611 test

Ruggeri, Giulio, Bertolini, Claudio

HV-BATTERY IMPACT ON CAR BODY ACOUSTICS AND DAMPING PACKAGE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2025-01-004105/05/2023

Damping treatments are playing an important role in the definition of efficient acoustic packages for passenger cars with all types of propulsion systems. Many parts of the damping layout are identical for all vehicles including treatments of wheelhouses, spare wheel area, roof panels etc. However, there are some characteristics in car body acoustics associated with the presence of the battery in electric vehicles, which need to be considered in the definition of the efficient damping package. The presented paper investigates the impact of the HV-battery on interior noise related characteristics of the car body using laser scanning vibrometry and 3D acoustic intensity test methods. Findings are used in the subsequent optimization of the initial damping package resulting in various package proposals with different lightweight and acoustic requirements. New damping package variants are evaluated in the lab by laser vibrometry tests and the impact on interior noise is addressed by road

Unruh, Oliver, Gielok, Martin

The DANA EV NVH Laboratory

2025-01-000705/05/2023

A cutting-edge EV powertrain NVH laboratory has been established at DANA Incorporation’s world headquarters in Maumee, enhancing their capabilities in EV powertrain NVH development. This state-of-the-art and industry lead laboratory is designed to meet various NVH requirements for EV powertrain development and sign-off processes. This laboratory supports the use of a live motor for input and is equipped with an input module that allows for detailed examination of NVH characteristics of new powertrain configurations before prototype motors are available, significantly reducing development time for new drivetrain systems. Key features of the laboratory include a hemi-anechoic chamber, two AC asynchronous load motors, an acoustically isolated high-speed input motor, and two battery emulators that cover both low and high voltage requirements. The NVH laboratory enables engineers to assess system performance and correlate it with digital twin models. DANA engineers can develop and optimize

Cheng, Ming-Te, Zugo, Chris

Reducing LiDAR Cabin Noise with Damped Elastomers: a Novel Method for Predicting Performance and Durability

2025-01-011405/05/2023

Mechanical LiDAR units utilize spinning lasers to scan surrounding areas to enable limited autonomous driving. The motors within the LiDAR modules create noise that can leak into the cabin of a vehicle. Decoupling the module from the body of the vehicle with highly damped elastomers can reduce the acoustic noise in the cabin and improve the driving experience. Damped elastomers work by absorbing the vibrational energy and dispelling it as latent heat, which creates challenges in an unpredictable automotive environment. Throughout the development process with vehicle OEMs and LiDAR ODMs, highly damped elastomers were able to effectively reduce the noise created by the scanning LiDAR modules in a laboratory environment. It was unproven that these elastomers would be as effective in extreme heat, cold, or humid environments. Extensive bench and vehicle tests were conducted, but confidence was low without a model to predict behavior at edge-cases. By creating a unique test method to model

Russell, Casey, Masterson, Peter, O'Connell, Kerry

Identification and Evaluation of Passthroughs That Affect the Acoustic Performance of a Dash System

2025-01-012105/05/2023

This paper discusses a systematic process that was developed to evaluate the acoustic performance of a production electric vehicle dash system. The production dash panel was tested under different configurations to understand the importance of passthroughs in the acoustics of the dash system. Results show that often the performance of the passthroughs strongly affects the overall performance of the dash system and this may become the limiting factor to increase the system STL. The dash with passthroughs was then extensively tested to understand the acoustic strength of different passthroughs and to understand how these passthroughs affect the overall performance of the dash system. Subsequently a test procedure based on flat panel tests was developed so the OEM can develop target values and the suppliers can provide test results of their passthroughs that are meaningful and useful to the OEM to help build an acoustically competitive vehicle.

Saha, Pranab, Baack, Gregory, Geissler, Christian, Kaluvakota, Srikanth, Pilz, Fernando

Allison's now open for hydrogen testing

22TOFHP10_0510/01/2022

With the atomic number 1, hydrogen is the lightest element in the Periodic Table, but it's rapidly becoming a heavyweight for the mobility future. Development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) and hydrogen-fueled combustion engines for commercial-vehicle use is driving demand for specialized testing and validation facilities. Allison Transmission is in the vanguard of this movement, recently launching a comprehensive hydrogen test capability at its 60,000-ft2 (5,575-m2) Vehicle Electrification + Environmental Test Center in Indianapolis. Prior to its official debut, SAE Media was provided an exclusive look at the new facility - which also includes compressed natural gas (CNG) testing - courtesy of David Proctor, the test center's general manager, and Tim Szilveszter, Allison's sales account manager.

Brooke, Lindsay

Onboard Sensor and Actuator Calibration of a Tripod Electric Vehicle Using Circular, Linear, and Cornering Motion Tests

02-16-01-000608/09/2022

This article aims at the calibration of an onboard sensor and actuator parameters as well as the identification of the open-loop transfer function of the steering and traction control systems of tripod electric vehicles (EVs). Tripod EVs are commonly used as forklifts and automatic guided vehicles in a factory or wheelchairs in a hospital. A test procedure called the circular, linear, and cornering motions (CLCM) test is introduced in this article for making the corrections which are caused by many factors including the potentiometer of the steering angle error, hall sensor error of the traction speed, the backlash of the steering system, and the tire slip angle that can lead the tripod EV to deviate from the path. The CLCM test is subdivided into circular, linear, and cornering motion subtasks for each individual identification and calibration purposes. The effect of the CLCM test has been verified by both simulation and experiment via an 8-shape navigation path consisting of all

Ismail, Hasan, Chiang, Chien-Hsun, Chieng, Wei-Hua

Vibration Testing NASA’s X-57 Maxwell Electric Aircraft

TBMG-4634108/01/2022

It’s not only automobiles that are going electric — airplanes are as well! And, to prove that an aircraft can be electrically powered, NASA has developed the X-57 Maxwell, its first all-electric X-plane. The X-57 airplane, currently in the Mod II configuration, is a modified version of the Italian Tecnam P2006T. In place of the usual gasoline-powered motors, the X-57 has two all-electric motors powered by traction batteries. The X-57 Maxwell project has some lofty goals, including lower energy consumption (the X-57’s motors use one-fifth the energy of a gasoline-powered aircraft), reduced emissions, and lower noise during flight.

Study on flow rate and flow field characteristics of gerotor pump with multi-arc combined profile

2022-01-077003/29/2022

The working principle and performance test method of the gerotor pump with multi-arc combined profile are introduced. According to the formation method of the rotor tooth profile, the inner rotor tooth profile equation is deduced, and the meshing characteristics of the inner and outer rotors are analyzed. On this basis, a calculation method for the displacement and instantaneous flow of the gerotor pump with multi-arc combined profile is proposed. In addition, a calculation model of the flow field characteristics of the gerotor pump with multi-arc combined profile is established, and the validity of the model is verified by experiments. Based on the model of traditional single-arc gerotor pump and the model of the gerotor pump with multi-arc combined profile, the flow rate, internal flow velocity, pressure distribution and gas volume fraction distribution under different working conditions are calculated respectively. The results show that: compared with the single-arc gerotor pump

jiang, Yue, Li, Min, wang, Xinping, Shangguan, Wenbin

ENGINE AIR INTAKE WATER SEPARATION PERFORMANCE USING CFD FOR CLASS-8 TRUCK WITH CORRELATION

2022-01-107203/29/2022

Engine air intake water ingestion needs to be estimated and minimized in order to maximize filter life and to ensure optimal engine operation. In addition, air intake water separation features need to be implemented to minimize water ingestion into the filter and then into the engine. In this paper, we replicate the air intake water separation test performed on a Volvo class-8 truck based on SAE J2554 test procedure. Using CFD, two different intake grille configurations were evaluated, first one is without a grille and a second with the intake grille. In the study presented within this paper the engine air intake water separation performance of a class-8 truck with and without the air intake grille are compared using SIMULIA PowerFLOW Lattice Boltzmann based solver. The simulation results were compared to the physical test and show good correlation with the experimental data.

Dasarathan, Devaraj, Sowmianarayanan, Bhargav, Jilesen, Jonathan, Gona, Kiran, Banala, Ajaybabu

Thermomechanical behavior of an automotive exhaust aftertreatment application

2022-01-031903/29/2022

An aftertreatment system is the back-end component of an automotive exhaust system, used mainly to reduce pollutant emissions. This system is exposed to high thermal loads which can exceed temperatures of 900 oC , usually they operate at temperatures under 600 oC - 700 oC, depending of the engine application. The durability assessment of a system under thermomechanical loads can be challenging due to the complexity of the technical problem, which involves complex material behavior at high temperatures and results in high thermomechanical strains and stresses. This study presents a computational approach for the lifetime assessment of an exhaust aftertreatment system subjected to thermomechanical loading. The method is composed of a fluid flow analysis to compute the temperature fields which are mapped to a mechanical analysis combined with a nonlinear elastoviscoplastic material behavior. Lastly, the lifetime of the overall assembly is assessed through a fatigue analysis. The elasto

Serban, Alexandru

Development of HANIKIN: A Passive Heated Seat Testing Manikin

2022-01-097603/29/2022

Seat Heater testing methods traditionally rely on a human subject to provide normal contact, load, and thermal conditions. This creates a thermal environment closer to what an actual customer might experience but it also introduces a variation from individual subject’s seating posture, body size, and metabolic differences. This paper describes the development and initial testing results of a passive, heated seat testing manikin (or HANIKIN) that is intended to replace human subjects for more meaningful, repeatable objective testing.

Ziolek, Scott, Ahmed, Syed Haani

Evaluation of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles

2022-01-064203/29/2022

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions, and particular of ambient temperature, on fuel efficiency. Data from various and extensive operational testing were analyzed, such as tests conducted with four groups of medium and heavy-duty vehicles, involved in regional transport, local transport, pick-up and delivery, and urban transport (school bus). The tests were conducted over 5 months of warm season followed by four months of cold season. Other operational testing was conducted over one year in two different geographic and climatic regions in Canada. Data from extensive track testing conducted based on the SAE J 1321 Fuel Consumption Test Procedure-Type II, with various vehicles in different test condition, from spring to winter, was also analyzed. In this type of tests, a control vehicle is used for the base trial, as well as the final trial. As there is no change on the control vehicle, only the environmental conditions impact the fuel consumption

Surcel, Marius-Dorin

Global kinetic modeling of a commercial DOC based on a reduced synthetic gas bench protocol

2022-01-067503/29/2022

Various techniques are constantly being devised to accelerate model generation leading to shorter product development cycle. This work proposes and implements a reduced synthetic gas bench (SGB) test protocol for a commercial Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) that can be used to develop global reaction kinetics. The kinetics thus developed were implemented in a 1D model to predict DOC emissions accurately over a wide operating window. Hydrocarbons (HCs) in the exhaust were categorized as Propylene (C3H6) representing partially oxidized hydrocarbons and n-Decane (C10H22) representing unburnt fuel. Test protocols were defined using the order of inhibition of the various species present in the exhaust, namely, CO, NOx (NO+NO2) and HC for the specific reaction under consideration. The oxidation reactions for CO and HCs were found to be inhibited competitively by CO and HCs; both the NOx species inhibited these reactions to the same extent. The NO oxidation reaction was found to be

DESAI, CHINTAN, Sampara, Chaitanya, Vernham, Bruce, Chowdhury, Kamal, Kadam, Vaibhav

US EPA NVFEL Repeatable-Vehicle Program – Emission Lab Testing System Performance Quality Monitoring

2022-01-068903/29/2022

According to US FCR the vehicle emission testing system must be monitored and checked periodically, and NVFEL TATD has developed a quality control monitoring program named “Repeatable-Vehicle Program”, the current vehicle selected is a proper sized and featured sedan, so called RepCar. The vehicle emission lab cell test used a chassis dyno to simulate some road driving conditions, a CVS system to collect exhaust sample and analyzed by a group of chemical benches. The testing condition is satisfied the FCR requirement and controlled during the testing procedure. A specific driving cycle including two phases was designed to evaluate vehicle power system at different speed load performance and measurement instruments accuracy under different concentration range. The phase1 is modified FTP505, phase2 is the most aggressive part of US06, and at the end of phase2 driving trace had a 30-second constant 75 mph cruising followed by a coast down. The RepCar equipped a data logger recording few

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 3A CONFORMITY TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARINC 653 REQUIRED SERVICES

ARINC653P3A-2 (Current)11/15/2021

ARINC 653, Part 3A is the Compliance Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services presently defined in ARINC 653 Part 1. The document specifies a set of stimuli and the expected responses. Future work on the ARINC 653 document set includes an effort to define Operating System services for multi-core processor environments. The Compliance Test Specification is expected to be updated in step with ARINC 653, Part 1.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock 0.50Cr - 0.12Mo (0.89 - 1.01C)

AMS6476F-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021

This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging or tubing stock.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Aluminum Alloy Powder 7.0Si - 0.55Mg - 0.12Ti

AMS7020-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.

AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals

Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) Thick

AMS2630E-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021

This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.

AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee

Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock 0.50Cr - 0.12Mo (0.89 - 1.01C)

AMS6476F (Current)

11/09/2021

This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging or tubing stock.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) Thick

AMS2630E (Current)

11/09/2021

This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.

AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee

Aluminum Alloy Powder 7.0Si - 0.55Mg - 0.12Ti

AMS7020 (Current)

11/09/2021

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.

AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals

External Automatic Slack Adjuster Performance Requirements

J1513_202111 (Current)

11/03/2021

The performance requirements have been established for external automatic slack adjusters when tested to SAE J1462.

Truck and Bus Foundation Brake Committee

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, PIN, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR AS50151 SERIES AS340X1 CONNECTORS AND AS95234 CONNECTORS)

AS39029/124A (Current)10/22/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification For

AS5258A-TEST-REC (Historical)10/13/2021

This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification For

AS5258A (Current)10/13/2021

This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Divergence of Thickness Losses and Weight Losses of Disc Pads for Passenger Cars: High-Copper NAOs and Copper-Free Low Mets

2021-01-129010/11/2021

The current investigation was undertaken to find out if lighter-weight passenger car disc pads would exhibit wear behaviors similar to pickup truck pads and commercial heavy truck drum linings in terms of the permanent volume expansion of the friction material contact surface region. 2 high-copper Non-Asbestos Organic formulations and 3 copper-free Low-Met formulations were tested according to the SAE J2522 test procedure. In all cases, the measured pad thickness loss was found to be less than the thickness loss calculated from the weight loss, indicating pad volume expansion, in full agreement with the results from the pickup truck and heavy trucks. One needs to consider pad property changes associated with the volume expansion if good correlations are to be found between pad properties and brake friction, wear and NVH.

Rathee, Aman, Singh, Shiv Raj, Sharma, Devendra, Rhee, Seong Kwan

Dynamic Brake Test Stand

2021-01-127410/11/2021

Today, inertia dynamometers or roller dynamometers are used for the development and testing of vehicle brakes. However, these testing methods are either entirely unable to simulate dynamical conditions, close to real driving maneuvers, or they can do so approximately only at very high costs. This means that brakes, braking systems and brake-related assistance systems such as the ESC system can ultimately only be tested in a full prototype of the car or before that on hardware-in-the-loop test stands. In the case of the ESC, these test stands have to simulate the behavior of the brake and the surrounding vehicle in real time, then stimulate the interfaces of the ESC sensors accordingly, and finally evaluate the reaction of the ESC system in different situations. The problem here, however, is that the braking system can only be approximated by simulations. Nevertheless, it would be important to be able to carry out detailed stability tests with real hardware on suitable brake test

Kraus, Andreas, Stiegelmeyr, Andreas

Research on high-efficiency test method of vehicle AEB based on high-precision detection of radar turntable encoder

2021-01-127310/11/2021

With the increasingly complex traffic environment, the vehicle AEB system needs to go through a large number of testing process, in order to drive more safely on the road. In order to speed up the development process of AEB and solve the problems of long cycle, high cost and low efficiency in AEB testing, in this paper, a millimeter wave radar turntable is built, and a high-precision detection algorithm of turntable encoder is designed, at the same time, a test method of vehicle AEB based on the detection data of radar turntable encoder is designed. The verification results show that methods described in this paper can be used to develop the vehicle AEB test efficiently.

Li, Kun, Cao, Guohua, Ding, Hongchang, Hou, Han, Li, Xin

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR AS50151 SERIES AS340X1 CONNECTORS AND AS95234 CONNECTORS)

AS39029/123A (Current)10/06/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Impact of chemical blowing agent on polypropylene properties

2021-28-020310/01/2021

Weight reduction and material saving goals in automotive applications have led to the processing of thermoplastic polymers by foam injection molding. The density of the foamed polymer can be reduced up to 20%. Whilst, work has been reported on the weight reduction of the foamed polymer by using different types of blowing agent technologies, there has been limited studies in the areas of the sound transmission loss and material dampening properties of these materials. The present study is intended to understand the effect of chemical blowing agent (CBA) on the properties of polypropylene. The molded specimens were characterized against the density, Tensile property, flexural property, Izod impact, heat deflection temperature, differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), sound transmission loss (STL) properties as per standard test protocol and cell structures by stereo microscope. Obtained results indicates

Shukla, Sandeep Kumar, Balaji, K V

Carbon Fiber Fabric and Epoxy Resin Wet Lay-Up Repair Material Part 5 - Carbon Fiber Fabrics, Plain Weave, 193 g/m2, and Epoxy Resin

AMS2980/5A (Current)09/24/2021

This Material Specification defines the requirements of carbon fiber fabric and epoxy resin systems used for wet lay-up repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures, qualified according to AMS2980/1 and AMS2980/2. Unless otherwise specified by the drawing, the order or the inspection schedule, the present specification shall be used in conjunction with the referenced documents.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

TEST METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTIPURPOSE BRACKET VALIDATION FOR HCV APPLICATION

2021-26-046709/22/2021

In the modern automotive sector, durability and reliability are two terms of utmost importance and relevance. The ever improving standards and cut throat competition has led to customers expecting highly reliable products at low costs. Any product that fails within its useful life leads to customer dissatisfaction and affects the OEM’s reputation. To eradicate this, all automotive components undergo stringent validation protocol, either in proving ground or in lab. The multipurpose bracket is one of the most important and critical aggregate in the vehicle assembly. It encompasses various mounting components such as FUPD bracket, steering mounting bracket, front spring front bracket, cab mount bracket, cab tilt cylinder mounting bracket, front cross member, footstep bracket, FSM and bumper. All these components experience various degrees of vibration and fatigue during its running period. The multipurpose bracket has to be designed and tested to withstand these multi-dimensional forces

G, Manthiramoorthy, K, Karthick, N, Gopi Kannan, Narasimman, Obuli Karthikeyan, R, Suresh

Overview of various scratch test methods for high gloss polymer materials.

2021-26-044809/22/2021

Polymers are substituting traditional materials, such as metals, in existing as well as new applications both structural and aesthetic as they are lightweight, customizable and are easy to mould into complex shapes. With such an extensive use of polymers, there is a need to carefully scrutinize their performance to ensure reliability. This is particularly the case in the automotive and electronic industries where the aesthetic appeal of their products is of prime concern and any visible scratch damage is undesirable. Concern for aesthetics has led to a need for the quantification of scratch damage visibility on polymeric surfaces and, hence, on the evaluation of scratch resistance. Many painted plastic parts used in vehicles are being replaced with the molded-in color plastics for cost reduction and due to recent and upcoming environmental concerns. There are multiple as well as different methods used for scratch evaluation of polymers and paints. With the boundaries of plastics and

jha, Ashutosh, Hatwalne, Mrunal, Khan, Shadan, Patil, Asha

MULTI-ENVIRONMENT ACCELERATED DURABILITY TEST FOR EXHAUST SYSTEM FLANGE JOINTS

2021-26-047209/22/2021

Accelerated testing is vital to meet stringent project timelines and is a key consideration for developing new testing methodology. Specifically, durability testing is one of the key fields of interest to deal with all aspects. Fatigue with exposure to multiple environments is a major cause of exhaust system flange joint failure. Physical verification of increased design life expectancy, demands longer testing time, while shorter time to market is main differentiator for competitiveness. Government policy induced timeline pressures added to the need of accelerated tests. The methodology described in this paper embraces these aspects to ensure a quicker flange joint testing, with due consideration to environmental impact. Until the BSVI norms, marginal leakage through the system joints was usual and acceptable. Stringent emission norms demand ‘near-zero’ leakage from exhaust systems. The system joints essentially being the most probable leakage zones, became the focus area

Dhumal, Sagar Prakash, Suryawanshi, Sachin, Mone, Manasi

Fleet Analytics – a data-driven and synergetic fleet validation approach

2021-26-049909/22/2021

Current developments in automotive industry such as electrification of powertrains and continuously increasing demands from legislation (e.g. emission control systems), are pushing system complexity still further. Validation of such systems lead to a huge amount of test cases and hence extreme testing efforts on different system levels – but also on road. At the same time the pressure to reduce costs and minimize time-to-market are creating challenging boundaries on development teams. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to utilize testing and validation prototypes in the most efficient way. On the one hand it is necessary to apply high levels of instrumentation and collect as much data as possible. On the other hand, a streamlined data pipeline is required to enable the fleet managers and domain stakeholders to get new insights from the measurement data and steer the validation vehicles as well as the development team in the most efficient way. In this paper we will demonstrate a

Schagerl, Gerhard, Brameshuber, Daniel, Rom, Karl Heinz, Hammer, Michael

Coastdown Road Load Coefficients of Passenger Vehicles – Variation Analysis and its Correlation with Temperature

2021-26-048709/22/2021

Road Load parameters (rolling resistance & aerodynamic drag) of a vehicle have strong impact on overall Vehicle Emissions & Fuel Economy. The road load coefficients are simulated on chassis dynamometer to carryout emission & fuel economy measurement and are hence required to be found beforehand. A realistic measure of road load parameters can be obtained by conducting a coastdown test. Coastdown test results are hugely impacted by various environmental parameters like ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed etc. Though performed in standard boundary conditions, results of multiple tests performed on a vehicle vary from one another due to variations in the mentioned environmental parameters over & above standard test to test variation. This paper aims at studying the variation in test results due to ambient temperature as one of the parameters responsible. For this study, road load coefficients from more than 100 coastdown tests conducted on oval test track for almost 30

Kuhar, Saurabhh, Pattalwar, Ashutosh, Gupta, Parveen

Android Automotive testing Solution

2021-26-045409/22/2021

In current automotive industry OEMs and suppliers are facing the ever-increased challenge to provide in-vehicle infotainment features that are exciting to their customers. Hence android devices are becoming exceptionally adopted because of its enhanced customer experience with mobility and connectivity, Increased customization, openness and scalability. With android automotive, car makers can create powerful infotainment systems designed for the digital age. This paper deals with the various testing solutions for Android infotainment System. It covers functional and non-functional testing solution and tools for an android RSE (Rear Seat Entertainment) system manually and with automation. Automation includes the use of Generic Test Automation Framework with the help of automated test failure log analyzer and integration of car simulation. In the fast-moving era, there is always a need of faster delivery and feedback with better quality. Hence Continuous Integration and Continuous

K, SONA BABU, Vishwakarma, Rishika

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