Browse Topic: Road tests

Items (126)

ePNC Diffusion-Charging Based Particle Number Counting Technology as Alternative to Condensation Particle Counting Based Methods.

2024-26-034201/16/2024

Particle Number (PN) measurement testing has for long been conducted by using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) based technology. While accurate at low concentrations, CPC has nevertheless several drawbacks for in-field use, such as the use of a working fluid, the need for dilution, and the sensitivity to contamination. Diffusion Charging (DC) based particle counting technologies have often been disregarded as a valid alternative to CPC based methods due to their intrinsic particle size dependent counting efficiency. However, Dekati’s novel ePNC PN technology has brought DC technology to the next level. Due to its patented technology, the Dekati ePNC’s particle counting efficiency is near size independent, turning DC as a competing technology for CPC, especially for demanding field applications, such as Portable Emission Measurements Systems (PEMS) for Real Driving Emission (RDE), and brake and tire wear measurements. These applications require the ability to continuously measure

Laakkonen, Elmeri, Nikka, Markus, Lambaerts, Peter, Arffman, Anssi, Karjalainen, Panu, Seifert, Philipp, Schwanzer, Peter

Leveraging user feedback to optimize the tuning of EVSE models

2025-01-002005/05/2023

The implementation of active sound design models in vehicles requires precise tuning of synthetic sounds to harmonize with existing interior noise, driving conditions, and driver preferences. This tuning process is often time-consuming and intricate, especially facing various driving styles and preferences of target customers. Incorporating user feedback into the tuning process of Electric Vehicle Sound Enhancement (EVSE) offers a solution. A user-focused empirical test drive approach can be assessed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the EVSE characteristics and highlighting areas for improvement. Although effective, the process includes many manual tasks, such as transcribing driver comments, classifying feedback, and identifying clusters. By integrating driving simulator technology to the test drive assessment method and employing machine learning algorithms for evaluation, the EVSE workflow can be more seamlessly integrated. But do the simulated test drive results

Hank, Stefan, Kamp, Fabian, Gomes Lobato, Thiago Henrique

HV-BATTERY IMPACT ON CAR BODY ACOUSTICS AND DAMPING PACKAGE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2025-01-004105/05/2023

Damping treatments are playing an important role in the definition of efficient acoustic packages for passenger cars with all types of propulsion systems. Many parts of the damping layout are identical for all vehicles including treatments of wheelhouses, spare wheel area, roof panels etc. However, there are some characteristics in car body acoustics associated with the presence of the battery in electric vehicles, which need to be considered in the definition of the efficient damping package. The presented paper investigates the impact of the HV-battery on interior noise related characteristics of the car body using laser scanning vibrometry and 3D acoustic intensity test methods. Findings are used in the subsequent optimization of the initial damping package resulting in various package proposals with different lightweight and acoustic requirements. New damping package variants are evaluated in the lab by laser vibrometry tests and the impact on interior noise is addressed by road

Unruh, Oliver, Gielok, Martin

Active Control of Engine Order Noise for Heavy-duty Trucks: Using the Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of Error Microphone Arrangement

2025-01-001305/05/2023

The arrangement of error microphones for a vehicle active noise control (ANC) system is no trivial work, especially for heavy-duty trucks due to the dilemma resulted from the large volume of the cab and the limited number of microphones accepted by most manufacturers in the auto industry. Most ANC developers resort to trial and error, which is not only a heavy workload given the amount of interested working conditions to be test, but also does not guarantee to yield the optimum noise cancellation performance. In this paper, the authors proposed an error microphone selection methodology using a genetic-algorithm (GA) -based mechanism. The target vehicle was a heavy-duty truck with a six-piston diesel engine, and two scenarios were particularly interested, i.e. driver & copilot and driver & one passenger sleeping on the berth. We first arranged eight microphones at different locations in the cab, five on the headrests, two on the B pillars and one at the head position of the sleeping

Wang PhD, Jian, Ling, Zihong, Zhang, Zhe, Cai, DeHua, lv, Xiao, Zhang, Ming, Gao, GuoRan

Research on Clustered Multi-channel Active Noise Control System in Car

2025-01-001605/05/2023

In order to solve the problem of intermittent engine intervention during charging and discharging of diesel-electric hybrid vehicles, this paper proposes a semi-coupled cluster control strategy with better comprehensive performance based on the traditional multi-channel Active Noise Control (ANC) system and the advantages of centralized control strategy and decentralized control strategy. Compared with the centralized control strategy, the computational cost of the cluster control strategy is reduced by about 50%, and the noise attenuation performance is comparable to that of the centralized control strategy. Compared with the decentralized control strategy, the stability is obviously better, and the noise reduction effect is outstanding. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform, a variety of cluster control strategies and traditional control strategies in the vehicle are compared and analyzed, and the road test experiments of a range-extended electric vehicle are carried out under its

deng, huiping, Lu, Chihua, Liu, Zhien, Ji, Huijun, Dou, Sirui, Sun, Menglei

Comparison of On-Road Highway Fuel Economy and All-Electric Range to Label Values: Are the Current Label Procedures Appropriate for Battery Electric Vehicles?

04/11/2023

As consumers transition from internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered vehicles to battery electric vehicles (BEV), they will expect the same fuel economy label-to-on-road correlation. Current labeling procedures for BEVs allow a 0.7 or higher multiplier to be applied to the unadjusted fuel economy and range values. For ICE-powered vehicles, the adjustment factor decreases with increasing unadjusted fuel economy and can be lower than 0.7. To better inform consumers, starting in 2016, Car and Driver added an on-road highway fuel-economy test, conducted at 120 kph (75 mph), that augments the performance metrics that it's been measuring since the 1950s. For electric vehicles, testing includes an evaluation of the all-electric range.The on-road test results were aligned with the certification information for each vehicle model including unadjusted and label fuel economy and range, road load force coefficients, and labeling options. Tractive energy and kinetic energy available for

Pannone, Gregory, VanderWerp, Dave

Performance Enhancement of Semi-active Continuous Skyhook Control Using Chaotic Map Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Stability Augmentation System

09/16/2022

Abstract Enhancing the performance of a ride-oriented algorithm to provide ride comfort and vehicle stability throughout different terrains is a challenging task. This article aims to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art continuous skyhook algorithm in coupled motion modes with an optimally tuned stability augmentation system (SAS). The tuning process is carried out using a chaotic map-initialized particle swarm optimization (C-PSO) approach with ride comfort and roll stability as a performance index. A large van model built-in CarSim is co-simulated with a C-PSO algorithm and control system designed in MATLAB. To realize the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, a software-in-loop test is conducted on five complex ride terrains with different dominant vehicle body motion modes. The test results are compared against the passive system, four corner continuous skyhook control, and four corner type-1 fuzzy control. The test results confirm the effectiveness of

Rajasekharan Unnithan, Anand Raj, Subramaniam, Senthilkumar

Performance Enhancement of Semi-active Continuous Skyhook Control Using Chaotic Map Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Stability Augmentation System

15-16-01-0002-TEST-REC09/16/2022

Abstract Enhancing the performance of a ride-oriented algorithm to provide ride comfort and vehicle stability throughout different terrains is a challenging task. This article aims to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art continuous skyhook algorithm in coupled motion modes with an optimally tuned stability augmentation system (SAS). The tuning process is carried out using a chaotic map-initialized particle swarm optimization (C-PSO) approach with ride comfort and roll stability as a performance index. A large van model built-in CarSim is co-simulated with a C-PSO algorithm and control system designed in MATLAB. To realize the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, a software-in-loop test is conducted on five complex ride terrains with different dominant vehicle body motion modes. The test results are compared against the passive system, four corner continuous skyhook control, and four corner type-1 fuzzy control. The test results confirm the effectiveness of

Rajasekharan Unnithan, Anand Raj, Subramaniam, Senthilkumar

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Using AI to Scale Autonomous Vehicles

1322906/03/2022

A driving school for self-driving vehicles? It's here and proving to be a game-changer. Waabi World is the most scalable, highest fidelity, closed-loop simulator for autonomous vehicles. Powered by AI, it's an immersive and reactive environment that can design tests, assess skills, and teach the self-driving "brain" to learn to drive on its own. This technology significantly reduces the need to test drive in the real world resulting in a safer, more affordable solution. When AI trailblazer & CEO Raquel Urtasun founded Waabi, she set out to scale one of the most important technologies of our generation. By taking an AI-first approach, Raquel and her team are unlocking the potential of self-driving technology and accelerating the commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles. And their work is changing the world for the better.

Hineman, Marcie

Low Frequency Modal Management of a Tata Premium Hatchback Car

2022-01-036203/29/2022

Tactile feel of vehicle touch points is one of the important criteria of the customer choice while making the buying decisions in the dealership or on a test drive. This tactile feel of a vehicle is majorly governed by the low frequency mode management achieved while designing the vehicle. Different parameters like inclusion of multiple powertrains on a vehicle program, choice of multiple way seating different at driver’s, front passenger’s and rear passengers’ seating positions, instrument panel and steering system designs having higher torque delivery, suspension modes of the front and rear axles based on their articulation and degree of independency, global modes of the vehicle body, the cabin air cavity configuration and volume, etc. play a significant role in deciding this tactile feel of the vehicle being designed. How these parameters were tuned and designed while developing a Tata premium hatchback car has been elucidated with different subsystem development examples. The

Pol, Atul Devidas

On-road Aerodynamic Measurement Techniques

2022-01-109603/29/2022

The development of car shape to provide optimal aerodynamic behaviour is typically an iterative process involving test and development. Two main test and development methods are used: wind tunnel testing (of both models and full-size cars) and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling. However, especially for development teams working on a small budget, there are problems with both approaches. Wind tunnel testing of full-size cars is extremely expensive. In addition, access may be problematic, especially for longer periods of testing. To be accurate, wind tunnel testing of models requires a high degree of model fidelity and appropriate wind tunnel conditions to avoid adverse Reynolds Number effects. CFD modelling, while very valuable, varies widely in quality and is always proved through physical testing. Another approach, covered in this paper, is to carry out aerodynamic testing on the road. For example, car aerodynamic drag is normally reduced if areas of separated flow along the

A method for acquiring and editing load spectrum of drive shaft systems for a all-terrain vehicle

2022-01-031303/29/2022

Durability road test of a vehicle is an important test to verify the reliability of vehicle components. In order to carry out the durability bench test for drive shaft systems of all-terrain vehicles, a method for acquiring time domain signals of articulation angles, input torques and rotation speeds of drive shaft systems is proposed. The acquired load spectrum of drive shaft systems is preprocessed including deleting small amplitudes, de-drifting, deburring, filtering, etc. Peaks and valleys are extracted from the preprocessed load spectrum. Based on the graphic method and the estimator stabilization method, the upper and lower thresholds of the time domain extrapolation of the load spectrum are determined, and then the peaks and valleys excesses that exceed the upper and lower thresholds are extracted. The generalized pareto distribution function is used to fit the distribution of peaks and valleys excesses. Based on the fitted distribution of the extracted peaks and valleys

Luo, Qiuqi, Li, Liping, Shangguan, Wen-Bin, Hou, Qiufeng, Li, Juan

Evaluation of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles

2022-01-064203/29/2022

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions, and particular of ambient temperature, on fuel efficiency. Data from various and extensive operational testing were analyzed, such as tests conducted with four groups of medium and heavy-duty vehicles, involved in regional transport, local transport, pick-up and delivery, and urban transport (school bus). The tests were conducted over 5 months of warm season followed by four months of cold season. Other operational testing was conducted over one year in two different geographic and climatic regions in Canada. Data from extensive track testing conducted based on the SAE J 1321 Fuel Consumption Test Procedure-Type II, with various vehicles in different test condition, from spring to winter, was also analyzed. In this type of tests, a control vehicle is used for the base trial, as well as the final trial. As there is no change on the control vehicle, only the environmental conditions impact the fuel consumption

Surcel, Marius-Dorin

Investigations on the deposition behaviour of brake wear particles on the wheel surface.

2021-01-130110/11/2021

The deposition behavior of brake wear particles on the surface of a rim and the mechanisms involved have not been fully researched. Similarly, it has not yet been answered how high the proportion of particles deposited on the wheel surface is compared with the particles emitted by the brake and what influences this. This information is a prerequisite for evaluating measurements of particle number and particle mass on the inertia dynamometer and comparing them with real emission behavior. The aim of this study is to verify the deposition behavior of brake particles on the surface of wheels. For this purpose, the real deposition behavior is first determined by on-road tests. For particle sampling, collection pads are adapted at different positions of a front and rear axle wheel. In addition to an RDE-compliant test cycle, urban, rural and motorway sections are used to evaluate speed-dependent influences. Microscopic analysis is used to determine the particle number concentration and

Hesse, David, Hamatschek, Christopher, Feißel, Toni, Sachse, Hannes, Augsburg, Klaus, Gramstat, Sebastian

Hybrid-Powertrain development approach to reduce number of prototype vehicles by taking right decision in early development phases on engine testbeds

2021-26-044909/22/2021

Today’s automotive industry is changing rapidly towards environmentally friendly vehicle propulsion systems. All over the globe, legislative CO2 consumption targets are under discussion and partly already in force. Hybrid powertrain configurations are capable to lower fuel consumption and limit pollutant emissions compared to pure IC-Engine driven powertrains. Depending on boundary conditions a numerous of different hybrid topologies- and its control strategies are thinkable. Typical approach is to find the optimum hybrid layout and strategy, by performing certain technical design tasks in office simulation directly followed by vehicle prototype tests on the chassis dyno and road. This leads to a high number of prototype vehicles, overload on chassis dynos, time consuming road test and finally to tremendous costs. Our new developed approach is using the engine testbed with simulation capabilities as bridging element between office and vehicle development environment. This enables to

Mayrhofer, Harald, Nottrott, Vincent, Ivarson, Mats

RDE Plus – A Road to Rig Development Methodology for Whole Vehicle RDE Compliance: Engine-in-the-Loop Replication and Emulation

2021-01-122309/21/2021

To aid Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) in meeting real-world driving regulation criteria across challenging boundary conditions of temperature, altitude and driving style throughout different territories, an integrated Road to Rig (R2R) whole vehicle development, calibration and verification programme known as RDE Plus (RDE+) has been developed by HORIBA. Connecting road, chassis dynamometer, Engine-in-the-Loop (EiL) and virtual testing methodologies, OEMs can frontload real-world driving scenarios further upstream during vehicle and engine development programmes to ensure compliance with localised regulations. Reported in this paper are the results from the replication of several road tests covering a multitude of altitudes and temperatures adopting an EiL methodology; feedforward of recorded pedal inputs and engine speed. Environmental characteristics of the route were emulated using a HORIBA Multi-function Efficient Dynamic Altitude Simulation (MEDAS) system with thermal

Roberts, Philip, Mason, Alex, Headley, Aaron, Bates, Luke, Whelan, Steven, Tabata, Kunio

Tire pressure's impact on EV driving range

20AUTP11_0311/01/2020

A new study shows that tighter control of tire-pressure loss can lead to marked improvement in electric-vehicle efficiency. Electric-vehicle development teams have made great advances in improving vehicle range, mitigating “range anxiety” for the end customer. While much focus has been on advances in battery technology, controls and vehicle aerodynamics, EV driving range also is significantly affected by tires. Energy-inefficient tire construction, sub-optimal inflation and other factors can adversely impact EV range. Tires lose a certain amount of air on a continuous basis. An underinflated tire is less stiff and its deformation is much higher, leading to a larger amount of heat dissipation and ultimately higher rolling resistance and poor range efficiency.

Tang, Lamei, Wei, Sheng, Valentage, Jeffrey, Li, Zheng, Nair, Sujith

Effects of On-Road Conditions on HVAC Noise

2020-01-155506/03/2020

Noise inside the passenger cabin is made up of multiple sources. A significant reduction of the major sound sources such as the engine, wind and tire noise helped to improve the comfort for passengers. As a consequence, the HVAC sound (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) is unmasked as a primary noise source inside the passenger cabin and has to be taken into consideration when designing passenger cabin sound. While HVAC sound is often evaluated at stop, the most common situation of its use is while driving. In case of fresh air as mode of operation, the HVAC system is coupled to the environment through the air intake. Any change in the boundary conditions due to on-road driving events and gusts of wind affects the flow field in the HVAC system and in turn influences HVAC noise. This study investigates the effect of mass flow and pressure fluctuations on the HVAC noise. In a first step, major influences on the HVAC system are identified in an on-road test. For further

Logdesser, Andreas, Becker, Stefan

Simulation of Transient On-Road Conditions in a Closed Test Section Wind Tunnel Using a Wing System with Active Flaps

2020-01-068804/14/2020

Typical automotive research in wind tunnels is conducted under idealized, stationary, low turbulence flow conditions. This does not necessarily reflect the actual situation in traffic. Thus, there is a considerable interest to simulate the actual flow conditions. Because of this, a system for the simulation of the turbulence intensity I, the integral linear scale L and the transient angle of incidence β measured in full-scale tests in the inflow of a test vehicle was developed and installed in a closed-loop, closed test section wind tunnel. The system consists of four airfoils with movable flaps and is installed in the beginning of the test section. Time-series of the flow velocity vector are measured in the empty test section to analyze the system’s envelope in terms of the turbulence intensity and the integral length scales. It is shown that the length scales in spanwise and in driving (streamwise) direction can be varied from 0.15 m to 7.9 m and from 0.15 m to 2.5 m, respectively

Wilhelmi, Henning, Jessing, Christoph, Bell, James, Heine, Daniela, Wagner, Andreas, Wiedemann, Jochen, Wagner, Claus

‘Road Race’ for AV Testing May Be Slowing

19AVEP05_1005/01/2019

To optimize safety, as well as cost- and time-efficiency, experts espouse increased virtual testing of autonomous vehicles as preferable to the industry's rush to test on public roads. Chris Hoyle, technical director of software specialist rFpro, believes the race by auto and technology companies to be ahead of competitor programs involving autonomous vehicle (AV) testing on public roads is losing momentum. “This trend follows reports of autonomous vehicles being involved in fatal accidents. Now there is more competition to deliver the highest level of validation before a vehicle turns a wheel on the highway. This re-alignment of priorities is good news for all parties because it will accelerate improvements in AV safety,” Hoyle asserted.

Fine Tuning the SST k − ω Turbulence Model Closure Coefficients for Improved NASCAR Cup Racecar Aerodynamic Predictions

2019-01-064104/02/2019

Faster turn-around times and cost-effectiveness make the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation approach still a widely utilized tool in racecar aerodynamic development, an industry where a large volume of simulations and short development cycles are constantly demanded. However, a well-known flaw of the RANS methodology is its inability to properly characterize the separated and wake flow associated with complex automotive geometries using the existing turbulence models. Experience suggests that this limitation cannot be overcome by simply refining the meshing schemes alone. Some earlier researches have shown that the closure coefficients involved in the RANS turbulence modeling transport equations most times influence the simulation prediction results. The current study explores the possibility of improving the performance of the SST k − ω turbulence model, one of the most popular turbulence models in motorsports aerodynamic applications, by re-evaluating the values of

Fu, Chen, Bounds, Charles, Uddin, Mesbah, Selent, Christian

Automotive Engineering: March 2018

18AUTP0303/08/2018

Truck Tech War! Ford, GM, and Ram arm their profit-pumping half-ton pickups for the 2020s' efficiency battle. Mobility mecca: WCX 2018 Provocative thought leaders, emerging disruptors, and the industry's best networking and career guidance all under one big roof: the 2018 SAE World Congress Experience is coming April 10-12. Mercedes adopts Harman UX for A-Class The 'smart' architecture is capable of OTA updates and features more-accurate voice recognition. Spark of genius Mazda's Skyactiv-X-the nexus of gasoline and diesel tech-remains on track for 2019 production. We test-drive recent prototypes to check development status. Taking aim at the drowsy-driver threat Hyundai Mobis is leveraging Level 4 tech to move 'departed' drivers safely off the road. Editorial: Fear and loathing on the path to Level 4 driving Supplier Eye Variability, risk and the value stream The Navigator How will automated vehicles deal with potholes? SAE Standards News SAE-ISO Joint Working Group engaged in SAE

Joint Effects Targeting System

TBMG-2795112/01/2017

U.S. Army Operational Test Command Fort Hood, TX 254-287-9993

A Low Cost Rolling Road for Tire Measurements in a Small Eiffel Wind Tunnel

2017-01-150403/28/2017

Wind tunnel aerodynamic testing involving rolling road tire conditions can be expensive and complex to set up. Low cost rolling road testing can be implemented in a 0.3m2 Eiffel wind tunnel by modifying a horizontal belt sander to function as a moving road. This sander is equipped with steel supports to hold a steel plate against the bottom of the wind tunnel to stabilize the entire test section. These supports are bolted directly into the sander frame to ensure minimal vibrational losses or errors during testing. The wind tunnel design at the beginning of the project was encased in a wooden box which was removed to allow easier access to the test section for installation of the rolling road assembly. The tunnel was also modified to allow observers to view the testing process from various angles. These wind tunnel modifications include replacing the wooden panels with clear Lexan plastic sheets, adding dampening material into the test section connections, and making an easily

Tkacik, Peter, Carpenter, Zachary, Gholston, Aaron, Cobb, Benjamin James, Kennedy, Sam, Blankenship, Ethan, Uddin, Mesbah, Krishna Nukala, Surya Phani

Experimental Investigation of Aeroacoustic Cabin Noise in Unsteady Flow by Means of a New Turbulence Generating Device

2017-01-154503/28/2017

With advancement of aeroacoustic wind tunnels and CAE technology, aeroacoustic cabin noise in steady flow has been improved. On the other hand, passenger comfort is also impacted by aeroacoustic noise in unsteady flow. There have been comparatively few studies into this area, and the mechanism remains unclear. Considering the future proliferation of autonomous driving, drivers will pay more attention to cabin noise than previously, and aeroacoustic noise is expected to become more prominent. Thus, the reduction of fluctuating aeroacoustic noise is important. Most of the previous research relied on road tests, which don’t provide reproducible conditions due to changing atmospheric and traffic conditions. To solve these problems, research using devices that generate turbulence are being conducted. However, the fluctuations of flow generated in previous studies were small, failing to simulate on-road conditions sufficiently. In this report, the development of a new turbulence generating

Terakado, Susumu, Makihara, Takafumi, Sugiyama, Takashi, Maeda, Kazuhiro, Tadakuma, Kenji, Tsuboi, Kentaro, Iyota, Masashi, Kosaka, Kazuyoshi, Sugiyama, Sadato

Light, Desk, Aircraft

AS7768A (Historical)05/06/2016

This specification covers the requirements for a light assembly for use on aircraft cabin desks.

A-20C Interior Lighting

Process Automation to Generate Road Drive Files in Laboratory Testing Using Virtual Iterations Method

2016-01-135904/05/2016

At present, vehicle testing in laboratory is one of the important phase to quicken the product validation process. In the early phase of laboratory testing it is required to evaluate the strength of the vehicle structure through physical rig setup which represents the consumer’s usage. Two and Multiple poster input excitation are among the laboratory rig testing to represent the actual road are used to predict the durability of vehicle components. The road inputs through the poster are known as drive files, a feedback controlled system which reproduces the track or real road recorded specimen’s accelerations, displacements and strains in laboratory. Derivation of drive files in poster testing requires iteration of physical specimen to exactly replicate the actual road. This paper discusses about generation of drive files as inputs for poster actuation with virtual model(as a substitute for actual model)which is applicable in areas of vehicle durability and ride comfort studies. For the

Pradeepak, R., Kumbhar, Shyamsundar, Barhate, Nainishkumar

SAE 2016 WORLD CONGRESS PREVIEW

16MOMP03_0303/01/2016

‘POWERING POSSIBILITIES’ IS TOYOTA'S GOAL AT SAE 2016 WORLD CONGRESS THE 2016 SAE WORLD CONGRESS (http://www.sae.org/congress/) will have a decidedly futuristic flavor, covering topics from fuel cells to flying cars. The event is slated for April 12-14 in Detroit and has for a theme, “Powering Possibilities.” Most responsible for adding the tantalizing technical ingredients is Toyota, which is providing Executive Leadership for the Congress with assistance from the event's Tier One Strategic Partner, Aisin. The two companies are closely aligned in the marketplace and will share booth space on the Congress show floor. One of the booth features will be a Patent Bar-computer screens that will allow attendees to search Toyota's patents related to fuel cells. The automaker has made those patents (about 2,000 of them in English) available for free to the public, with the goal of spurring development of a far-reaching “hydrogen society.”

Ponticel, Patrick

Standard Formats for Presenting Acoustical Data

J2629_201508 (Current)08/11/2015

SAE developed this document and associated spreadsheets at the request of automobile manufacturers to help compare products from multiple suppliers using standard data presentation formats. This document includes several preferred formats for presenting acoustical data on materials, components, systems, or vehicles. These formats cover the range of acoustical tests commonly conducted in the automotive industry. These tests follow SAE and ASTM test practices as well as vehicle specific test methods. For each test, the details of samples and test conditions can be entered into an applicable electronic spreadsheet together with the acoustical results data. These data are then linked to standard graphical display(s) for each test. All manufacturers and suppliers in this industry are encouraged to present data and results in these formats. Although this practice was developed specifically for use in the automotive industry, the formats may be usable in other industries and applications as

Acoustical Materials Committee

A Cost-Effective Alternative to Moving Floor Wind Tunnels in Order to Calculate Rolling Resistance and Aerodynamic Drag Coefficients

2014-01-062004/01/2014

This study investigates the practicality of vehicle coast down testing as a suitable replacement to moving floor wind tunnel experimentation. The recent implementation of full-scale moving floor wind tunnels is forcing a re-estimation of previous coefficient of drag determinations. Moreover, these wind tunnels are relatively expensive to build and operate and may not capture concepts such as linear and quadratic velocity dependency along with the influence of tire pressure on rolling resistance. As a result, the method elucidated here improves the accuracy of the fundamental vehicle modeling equations while remaining relatively affordable. The trends produced by incorporating on road test data into the model fit the values indicated by laboratory tests. This research chose equipment based on a balance between affordability and accuracy while illustrating that higher resolution frequency equipment would further enhance the model accuracy.

Hausmann, Austin, Depcik, Christopher

Recognition of Operating States of a Wheel Loader for Diagnostics Purposes

2013-01-240909/24/2013

In this paper, the operating states of a wheel loader were studied for diagnostics purposes using a real time simulation model of an articulated-frame-steered wheel loader. Test drives were carried out to obtain measurement data, which were then analyzed. The measured time series data were analyzed to find the sequences of operating states using two different data sets, namely the variables of hydrostatic transmission and working hydraulics. A time series is defined as a collection of observations made sequentially in time. In our proposed method, the time series data were first segmented to find operating states. One or more segments build up an operating state. A state is defined as a combination of the patterns of the selected variables. The segments were then clustered and classified. The operating states were further analyzed using the quantization error method to detect anomalies. The recognized operating states define the operation of the machine so the analysis can be focused

Krogerus, Tomi, Hyvönen, Mika, Huhtala, Kalevi

Service Brake Structural Integrity Test Procedure - Passenger Car

J229_201306 (Current)06/12/2013

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a method of evaluating the structural integrity of the entire brake system of all passenger cars under extreme braking conditions.

Road Test Procedures Standards Committee

Comprehensive Lining Evaluation - Vehicle

J2624_201306 (Current)06/10/2013

There is currently no requirement in place for aftermarket brake lining performance. NHTSA has indicated that the automotive aftermarket should take a proactive approach to come up with a standard test definition for lining evaluation. Many aftermarket manufacturers use dynamometer testing to evaluate lining performance, but there is currently not a common recognized method for on-vehicle lining screening. This procedure was created to provide a quick, on-vehicle test method for lining performance evaluation. This procedure is intended for use in passenger cars; multi purpose vehicles and light trucks with a gross vehicle weight less than 4535 kg(10 000 lb).

Road Test Procedures Standards Committee

Accelerated Testing for Design Verification and Improvement of Powertrain Mounting Structure

2013-01-039504/08/2013

An accelerated specification introduced in this paper is developed during the process of solving the crack problem of a powertrain rear mounting structure. By sufficient analysis, the reason for such cracking is believed to be failure of fatigue under random loads in the proving ground. Meanwhile, due to special structuring of the rear mounting bracket, it is sensible to convert loads of various conditions to a one-simple-direction load case. Thus, acceleration of the test becomes possible. The accelerated test specification is resulted from the need of fast risk confirmation, as well as design verification, and is theoretically based on the damage equivalence principle [1]. To realize it, RLD (Road Load Data) acquisition also plays an important role by providing the quantities of different test methods to be compared. With the problem solved, good correlation is also achieved between proving ground and the accelerated test. It greatly increases the design efficiency with both time and

Wang, Zhengzhong, Ma, Wei, Wang, Yiheng, Wang, Xiaolei, Cheng, Jianchao

Record and Playback Capabilities for Car Radio and GPS System Testing

TBMG-1533112/01/2012

With its international headquarters in Germany, IAV Automotive Engineering is one of the leading engineering and design providers for the automotive industry, working for automakers and component suppliers such as Audi, Bentley, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche, and Volkswagen. One of the company’s recent projects involved testing and validating in-vehicle radio and navigation systems for one of Germany’s leading car manufacturers.

Development of Real World Driving Cycle for Vehicle Durability Evaluation

2012-32-009710/23/2012

Ability to meet customer expectations and understand customer usage behavior is fundamental to the delivery of the successful products in the Automobile industry. A combination of data collection tools such as customer survey and customer chasing technique with instrumented vehicle are generally used to get insight into the customer usage pattern and driving style. The available information can be priceless if it is used to tailor laboratory test standards representative of customer usage behavior. Test cycles, tailored based on specific customer usage behavior, have the potential to work as very effective design filter during the validation stage of new product design and development process. In this paper, a method to tailor vehicle level durability driving cycle on a laboratory scale roller Chassis dynamometer has been demonstrated. This cycle is developed based on the data collected with customer for their daily usage routine. Concepts of micro trips analysis, correspondence

Risam, Gagandeep Singh, Singanamalli, Anil, C, Sasun, T, Rajasekaran

Renault's Grand Plan for Electric Cars - A Work in Progress

FA-BB-JULY0207/29/2012

Carlos Ghosn, CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, rocked the automotive world in September 2009 when he revealed Renault’s bold plan for electric cars at the Frankfurt Motor Show. He didn’t simply unveil a single new EV concept model: He announced four. “Renault is the only carmaker developing a complete range of electric vehicles that will be manufactured in high volumes and at affordable prices,” said Aline Henry, Renault’s manager of media relations for the environment and sustainable mobility. Yet the most radical innovations in the Renault plan are only now beginning to be tested in the marketplace. Like their electric vehicle portfolio, Renault’s approach has four major components. The first is to produce a portfolio of cars that span multiple market segments. The second is to lease the battery for the life of the car. The third is partnering with Better Place to use their battery swapping technology. The last is covering their large retail region with a two-tiered retail and

Berman, Bradley

Device Helps Patients Avoid Intubation, Improve Outcomes, Reduce Cost

TBMG-1314103/01/2012

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a lung disease associated with airflow obstruction. A chronic, debilitating, and sometimes fatal condition, COPD is one of the most common lung diseases, predicted to be the fifth leading cause of disease burden by the year 2020, according to the World Health Organization. Unlike heart disease and cancer, it is the only major disease seeing an increased death rate each year among both men and women.

Holographic Radar Pinpoints Rapid Shell Fire

TBMG-1284702/01/2012

Cambridge Consultants has successfully carried out trials tracking 5 inch shells travelling at over 1,000 miles per hour for the US Department of Defense (DoD). The groundbreaking radar developed specifically for this task was able to measure the trajectory and burst points of shells fired from a naval gun at a rate of one every three seconds — the first time radar has been used this way. The technology will eventually be used by the US DoD for training against attack by fast moving land and sea vehicles.

Surviving The Embedded Design Thermo-Mechanical Envelope

TBMG-1145410/01/2011

The Embedded usage model is characterized as one that is operated at the extremes of available performance. Knowing that the targets of the thermal design power usage mode are only partially applicable, embedded designers must satisfy the customers’ innate desires for maximum throughput and level of service at the edges of a constrained thermo- mechanical environment.

Speedometer Test Procedure

J1059_201108 (Current)08/05/2011

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a test procedure for eddy current speedometers, including the odometer if an integral portion of the speedometer, for passenger car service.

Odometer and Speedometer Standards

Standard Formats for Presenting Acoustical Data

J2629_201106 (Historical)06/08/2011

SAE developed this document and associated spreadsheets at the request of automobile manufacturers to help compare products from multiple suppliers using standard data presentation formats. This document includes several preferred formats for presenting acoustical data on materials, components, systems, or vehicles. These formats cover the range of acoustical tests commonly conducted in the automotive industry. These tests follow SAE and ASTM test practices as well as vehicle specific test methods. For each test, the details of samples and test conditions can be entered into an applicable electronic spreadsheet together with the acoustical results data. These data are then linked to standard graphical display(s) for each test. All manufacturers and suppliers in this industry are encouraged to present data and results in these formats. Although this practice was developed specifically for use in the automotive industry, the formats may be usable in other industries and applications as

Acoustical Materials Committee

Light, Desk, Aircraft

AS7768 (Historical)05/04/2011

This specification covers the requirements for a light assembly for use on aircraft cabin desks.

A-20C Interior Lighting

Qualification and Selection of Flight Diode Lasers for Space Applications

TBMG-1051009/01/2010

The reliability and lifetime of laser diodes is critical to space missions. The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission includes a metrology system that is based upon laser diodes. An operational test facility has been developed to qualify and select, by mission standards, laser diodes that will survive the intended space environment and mission lifetime. The facility is situated in an electrostatic discharge (ESD) certified cleanroom and consist of an enclosed temperature-controlled stage that can accommodate up to 20 laser diodes. The facility is designed to characterize a single laser diode, in addition to conducting laser lifetime testing on up to 20 laser diodes simultaneously.

Automated Transfer Function Process for Correlation of Site-to-Site Vehicle Heat Management Test Data

2009-01-308110/01/2009

Eliminating on-road testing and replacing it with wind tunnel testing is an attractive alternative to become more efficient and lower development costs. However, depending on what type of testing is performed and where it is on the vehicle, wind tunnel testing may not agree with the on-road results. Site-to-site testing difference is difficult to resolve. The issue has been addressed over time with physical wind tunnel modifications, but this type of resolution is usually focused on getting correlation for a specific system or component of the vehicle, not addressing the entire vehicle.

Dudley, Scott, Hoover, Tom

Ergonomic Data Measuring System for Driver-Pedals Interaction

2009-01-116404/20/2009

This paper presents the design and development of an ergonomic data measurement system for driver–pedals interaction. The work focuses in particular on the actuation of the acceleration and brake pedals, and aims to support the development of a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the driving comfort associated with the right leg. The ergonomic data measurement system integrates five subsystems: an electro-goniometry system and a pressure-pads system to monitor driver’s positioning and movements, an electromiography system to observe the muscular activity of the lower leg, the vehicle on-board diagnostic system, a GPS system and an audio-visual system for providing environment and driving situation information. A validation exercise involving a series of test drive events confirmed the system capability to record meaningful objective comfort data which can differentiate between driving postures and styles.

Brook, Sam, Freeman, Rob, Rosala, George, Campean, Felician, Dixon, Neil

Brake Disc and Drum Thermocouple Installation

J79_200902 (Current)02/27/2009

To provide a uniform method for installing thermocouples in automotive brake discs and drums. This SAE Recommended Practice describes two methods for installing thermocouples in automotive brake discs or drums for the purpose of indicating bulk temperature during inertia dynamometer and vehicle road tests.

Brake Dynamometer Standards Committee

A Procedure to Simulate the Pass-by Noise Test of a Two-Wheel Vehicle Inside a Semi-Anechoic Chamber

2009-26-004401/21/2009

During the development of the noise reduction systems for two-wheelers, it is important to have sufficient accurate acoustic measurements and suitable repeatability conditions for the fundamental tests to evaluate the nature of the acoustic sources and for the sound-insulating interventions. Such exigencies, essential from the acoustic point of view for the development of a valuable project for a two-wheeler, led to the realization of a test mode that is realized inside a semi-anechoic chamber provided with a roller bench. This paper describes the concepts that lay the ground for the realization of a laboratory of this kind and of the test methodology developed to obtain a good correlation between the laboratory measurements and the road measurements.

Cicalo, Roberto, Trozzi, Leonardo

On Driver Eye Closure Recognition for Commercial Vehicles

2008-01-269110/07/2008

This paper addresses the issue of driving while drowsy and proposes a passive eye monitoring-based driver eye closure recognition system. It reviews the core algorithmic building blocks of this system along with in-depth analysis of operational test field characteristics. The system operates equally in both day and night-time. It automatically finds the drivers eyes in the images, tracks the eye location in a wide range of head and eye motion, and estimates in real-time the eye state as either open or closed eye, and further infers to driver drowsiness state. This paper reports as well the experimental results on a diverse and challenging set of subjects and environmental driving conditions.

Hammoud, Riad I., Witt, Gerald, Dufour, Robert, Wilhelm, Andrew, Newman, Timothy

Virtual Prototyping in Redesign and Durability Test Assessment

2008-01-086204/14/2008

The durability of a new cost saving frame for the E-Z-GO ST 4×4 utility vehicle is investigated based on known road test data and durability information for the current frame. To validate the concept of the frame redesign, reduce the number of prototypes, shorten test duration and save lab costs, virtual prototyping is applied. Road test data is acquired and processed by nCode software including rainflow cycle counting with different turning points for fatigue estimation. FEA structure analysis is processed in ANSYS. Optimization analysis is used for correlating real road load with simplified FEA model for the entire vehicle. Based on the correlated FEA model, the estimation of the durability for the current frame and redesigned frame is conducted. Results of both, the stress analysis under peak load and the fatigue prediction for vehicle riding history, are used for relative comparison between the new frame and current design. Fatigue life distribution has been investigated, and

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