Browse Topic: Performance tests

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Improving the Performance of the Air Conditioning Unit in Different Locations of a City Bus and Lightening the Air Ducts2022-01-504406/03/2022
The focus of this study is to validate vehicle test results of the air conditioning (AC) unit in a city bus and perform a comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on homogenizing the cabin air distribution in different AC unit locations on the rooftop. To validate CFD practical results, a vehicle test was performed outdoor during the AC unit works. Obtained test results based on airflow rate inside AC unit and also measured velocity values on the front cabin of air duct were validated without completely modeling the whole AC unit and indoor cabin via CFD. With this simplified method, it is thought that this approach can give an idea for new prototype air duct designs in relevant industries. Another advantage to this approach is that it avoids high mesh density near the radial fans (blowers) placed on the AC unit. Foam placed in air ducts as insulation and air blockage material is also optimized for air distribution in the indoor cabin. In conclusion, several foams and
Özcan, Onur, Demirtaş, Servet, Yıldız, Alp Eren, Coşkun, Atakan
Brake Lining Quality Test ProcedureJ661_202110 (Current)10/26/2021
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a uniform laboratory procedure for securing and reporting the friction and wear characteristics of brake linings. The performance data obtained can be used for in-plant quality control by brake lining manufacturers and for the quality assessment of incoming shipments by the purchasers of brake linings.
Brake Linings Standards Committee
Development of Closed Loop Power Recirculating Type Test Rig - Higher Torque Ranges2021-26-049109/22/2021
In the past decades, many impressive progress has been made in the rig development for the gear validation. But, the challenges are to test the entire gear box for the improvement in the single gear alone to ascertain material quality or process improvement, that too with the higher torque range gear boxes, which requires huge investment and power consumption due to high capacity test rig / dynamometer. This paper deals with an experimental validation of the dynamic model for a gear pair test system, representative of a closed loop power recirculating type test rig. Being a closed loop, this system has its own uniqueness, that, it uses the low capacity prime mover, which considers the initial starting loop torque only, to cater the high power requirement in an efficient manner. The key intend of the development of this rig is to reduce the testing from system level to sub component level with low cost operation and more competence for the gears of high torque application. This also
Rajaraman, Manikandan, Srinivasan, Sriraman, Muthu kumar, Pandurangan, N, Gopi Kannan
Android Automotive testing Solution2021-26-045409/22/2021
In current automotive industry OEMs and suppliers are facing the ever-increased challenge to provide in-vehicle infotainment features that are exciting to their customers. Hence android devices are becoming exceptionally adopted because of its enhanced customer experience with mobility and connectivity, Increased customization, openness and scalability. With android automotive, car makers can create powerful infotainment systems designed for the digital age. This paper deals with the various testing solutions for Android infotainment System. It covers functional and non-functional testing solution and tools for an android RSE (Rear Seat Entertainment) system manually and with automation. Automation includes the use of Generic Test Automation Framework with the help of automated test failure log analyzer and integration of car simulation. In the fast-moving era, there is always a need of faster delivery and feedback with better quality. Hence Continuous Integration and Continuous
K, SONA BABU, Vishwakarma, Rishika
Performance Evaluation of Eastman’s Saflex® E Series Acoustic Interlayer2021-01-105408/31/2021
In 2020, Eastman launched a new acoustic PVB interlayer for automotive laminated glass. This interlayer not only helps to protect driver and passengers from injuries during impact but also provides enhanced acoustic comfort in the car. This newly developed interlayer offers substantially improved acoustic performance in the high-frequency range that is typically associated with wind noise at higher vehicle speeds. To demonstrate the in-vehicle performance, finite element simulations have been carried out using wind noise as the principal source of excitation. The results confirm previously published data that the acoustic contribution overwhelms the turbulent part, having a larger contribution to the ultimate acoustical pressure level. The acoustic insulation calculated is in excellent agreement with the static sound transmission loss data as measured according to the ISO or ASTM norm. In cases where both the windscreen and front-side windows have a laminated structure, a large
D'Haene, Pol, Van de Vyver, Stijn, Poulos, Athanasios, Robin, Xavier
Interior Noise and Tactile Vibration Refinement of Commercial Vehicle Through Experimental Analysis2021-01-107308/31/2021
Noise & Vibration refinement of automotive vehicles is becoming important parameter due to its influence on environmental aspect and comfort perceived by occupants. NVH parameters are driving factors in current vehicle design strategy. Drivers comfort is extremely important, and driver’s expectations from commercial and heavy-duty trucks are as good as refined passenger cars. Other trends in commercial vehicle segment such as engine downsizing, weight, cost reduction and meeting stringent emission norms have influenced vehicle design dynamics. These parameters are critical and often contribute to vehicle NVH issues. Considering these new trends in commercial vehicle segment, it becomes challenging for an NVH engineer to provide optimized solutions. NVH issues could be related to the various subsystems such as driveline, axle, transmission steering wheel etc. in the vehicle and its resonant frequencies. In commercial vehicles, driveline design parameters, power train mounting system and
Sankpal, Kiran, Thakur, Sunil, Kunde, Sagar, Wagh, Sachin, Sharma, Vijay
Performance Evaluation of Various Structural Damping Materials for Application in Electric Vehicles2021-01-112408/31/2021
The ongoing electrification of passenger car propulsion systems has an impact on vehicle acoustic quality due to the different excitation characteristics of electrical drives compared to internal combustion engines. The airborne noise and structural vibrations, induced by electric motor, have higher frequency components and they influence the application of acoustic countermeasures in the vehicle. One important element of these treatments is the structural damping package, which can include monolayer damping such as liquid applied sound damping (LASD) as well as bitumen or polymer-based dampers and various multilayer constraint layer damping materials. The performance of damping materials is commonly characterized by the loss factor and estimated by the well-known Oberst Beam Method. Major drawbacks of this method are the measurement limitations to composite loss factors less than 0.3, lower frequency range (less than 500 Hz) and the overall inability to evaluate materials in the
Unruh, Oliver, Fuhrmann, Bernd, Obst, Heike-Ursula
Performance Test for Windshield Defrosting Systems for Off-Road, Self-Propelled Work MachinesJ1535_202108 (Current)08/02/2021
This SAE Standard establishes uniform test procedures for the defrosting systems of off-road, self-propelled work machines used in construction, general purpose industrial, agricultural, and forestry machinery as referenced in table one of this document. It includes tests that can be conducted with uniform test equipment in commercially available laboratory facilities, as well as in an appropriate outdoor environment.
HFTC6, Operator Accommodation
Simulation Study to Evaluate Robustness of the Lane Centering Feature2021-01-010904/06/2021
The advances in automotive technology continue to deliver safety and driving comfort benefits to the society. The Automated Driving Assistance System (ADAS) technology is at the forefront of this evolution. Today, various vehicle models on the road have features like lane keeping assist, lane centering, automated emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, traffic jam assist etc. During early development, such feature algorithms often assume ideal environmental and vehicle conditions while doing a performance evaluation. This study focuses on the use of simulation platform to evaluate robustness of the lane centering ADAS feature in presence of various factor variations. The feature considered here is an end-to-end feature, i.e., from camera sensor output to steering actuation. The use of closed-loop simulation tools is well recognized in automotive industry for early requirements validation as well as robustness study. However, it has been traditionally used mainly for vehicle
Varunjikar, Tejas, Awathe, Arpit, Kushwaha, Pushpendra, Chen, Chao
Continuously Variable Displacement Drive for Engines Part 1, Performance Simulation2021-01-044204/06/2021
A new type of drive system has been designed, analyzed, patented, prototyped, and tested. The drive’s unique capabilities include the ability to vary the bottom dead center position to reduce the stroke, and simultaneously vary the top dead center position to achieve the desired compression ratio with one simple, low friction mechanism. The purpose of the concept is to reduce losses associated with operation at partial load as most engines spend a preponderance of their operating life at partial load. Cummins sponsored engine simulation of the CVD configured as a 9-cylinder gasoline engine cycle and a baseline engine which was a conventional V8 engine of the same displacement and compression ratio. The study showed a ~30% improvement in fuel economy on a 10-mode weighted cycle that was designed by Cummins to simulate the FTP cycle. This paper covers the performance analysis while SAE 2021-01-0451, “Continuously Variable Displacement Drive for Engines, Part 2, Design, Analysis, and Test
Arnold, Steven, Tillock, Brad
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B (Current)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B-TEST-REC (Historical)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
A Comparative Study On-Dynamometer Performance Evaluation of Fly Ash Containing Non Ferrous Organic and Low-Metallic Disc Brake Pads for Passenger Vehicles and Thereby Promoting a Very Cheap Inorganic Filler Available in Abundance2020-01-161310/05/2020
A number of functional and non- functional fillers are invariably used for friction material composites. In recent years disposal of fly ash has been a big challenge due to low availability of damping sites. Current work investigates the characterization of Low -metallic and Organic composites made with fly ash with variable concentrations and evaluated for braking performance (SAE J2522) & wear (SAE J2707) on a brake inertia dynamometer. Composites have been characterized for their physical, thermal, mechanical and tribological performance. Low-metal based composites (LMBC) have shown better thermal resistance than non-ferrous organic formulation based composites (NFOC). Mechanical properties such as hardness, shear strength and compressibility have been found to be similar for both the composites. NFOC composites have shown better wear resistance while acquiring slightly lower coefficient of friction values. Load-speed sensitivity of the composites has been further investigated to
Tomar, Bharat Singh, Ali, Sharafat, Ellis, Keith, Choudhary, Yogesh
Changing Properties of Brake Pads and Discs during Brake Testing2020-01-162810/05/2020
Earlier publications show that brake pad physical properties such as hardness, modulus and natural frequencies continue to increase at room temperature over a period of 12 months and that the changes are faster during the first 3 - 6 months. The current investigation was undertaken to see how the properties might change during testing for the pads as well as for the discs. Low-copper and copper-free formulations were tested on pickup truck and passenger car brakes. In all cases, the dynamic modulus and natural frequencies are found to decrease (not increase) after the SAE J2522 performance testing, indicating that the stiffness of the pad and that of the disc decrease faster than the mass loss due to wear. Also, the inboard pad and the outboard pad change at two different rates. Questions arise on what properties to measure for quality assurance and when to measure in light of these changing properties as well as the fact that the relationship between the initial properties and the
Sriwiboon, Meechai, Tiempan, Nipon, Kaewlob, Kritsana, Rhee, Seong Kwan
Air Dryer Test ProcedureJ2384_202008 (Current)08/26/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures for desiccant air dryers used in vehicles with compressed air systems per SAE J2383. Continuous flow desiccant air dryers are excluded from the scope of this document.
Truck and Bus Brake Supply and Control Components Committee
Truck and Bus Grade Parking Performance Test ProcedureJ360_202008 (Current)08/19/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes methods to determine grade parking performance with respect to: a. Ability of the parking brake system to lock the braked wheels. b. The vehicle holding or sliding on the grade, fully loaded or unloaded. c. Applied manual effort. d. Unburnished or burnished brake lining friction conditions. e. Down and up grade directions.
Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee
Air Data Computer – Minimum Performance StandardAS8002B (Current)04/28/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers air data computer equipment (hereinafter designated the computer) which when connected to sources of aircraft electrical power, static pressure, total pressure, outside air temperature, and others specified by the manufacturer (singly or in combination) provides some or all of the following computed air data output signals (in analog and/or digital form) which may supply primary and/or standby flight instruments: Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude, Baro-Corrected Vertical Speed Calibrated Airspeed Mach Number Maximum Allowable Airspeed Over-speed Warning Total Air Temperature
A-4 Air Data Subcommittee
Air Data Computer – Minimum Performance StandardAS8002B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/28/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers air data computer equipment (hereinafter designated the computer) which when connected to sources of aircraft electrical power, static pressure, total pressure, outside air temperature, and others specified by the manufacturer (singly or in combination) provides some or all of the following computed air data output signals (in analog and/or digital form) which may supply primary and/or standby flight instruments: Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude, Baro-Corrected Vertical Speed Calibrated Airspeed Mach Number Maximum Allowable Airspeed Over-speed Warning Total Air Temperature
A-4 Air Data Subcommittee
Clamp Assembly, Saddle Type, Cushioned, General Specification ForAS85449B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/21/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for saddle-type clamps. Tests and criteria noted do not indicate any specific areas of application or usage. Supplemental testing may be necessary to determine suitability for specific environments and applications.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Clamp Assembly, Saddle Type, Cushioned, General Specification ForAS85449B (Current)04/21/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for saddle-type clamps. Tests and criteria noted do not indicate any specific areas of application or usage. Supplemental testing may be necessary to determine suitability for specific environments and applications.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Performance Requirements for Determining Tow-Vehicle Gross Combination Weight Rating and Trailer Weight RatingJ2807_202002 (Current)02/13/2020
This document establishes minimum performance criteria at GCWR and calculation methodology to determine tow-vehicle TWR for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks. This includes all vehicles up to 14000 pounds GVWR.
Tow Vehicle Trailer Rating Committee
Performance Requirements for Determining Tow-Vehicle Gross Combination Weight Rating and Trailer Weight RatingJ2807_202002-TEST-REC (Historical)02/13/2020
This document establishes minimum performance criteria at GCWR and calculation methodology to determine tow-vehicle TWR for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks. This includes all vehicles up to 14000 pounds GVWR.
Tow Vehicle Trailer Rating Committee
Performance Specification for Automotive Electrical Connector SystemsUSCAR2-7 (Current)02/03/2020
Procedures included within this specification are intended to cover performance testing at all phases of development, production, and field analysis of electrical terminals, connectors, and components that constitute the electrical connection systems in low voltage (0 to 20 VDC) road vehicle applications. These procedures are only applicable to terminals used for In-Line, Header, and Device Connector systems. They are not applicable to Edge Board connector systems, twist lock connector systems, >20 VAC or DC, or to eyelet terminals. No electrical connector, terminal, or related component may be represented as having met USCAR/EWCAP specifications unless conformance to all applicable requirements of this specification have been verified and documented. All required verification and documentation must be done by the supplier of the part or parts. If testing is performed by another source, it does not relieve the primary supplier of responsibility for documentation (DVP&R) of all test
USCAR
Performance Specification for Cable-to-Terminal Electrical CrimpsUSCAR21-4 (Current)01/22/2020
This specification defines test methods and requirements for validation of solderless crimped connections. The purpose of this test is to simulate in the lab the stress seen in a typical life (15 years and 150000 miles) for a crimp connection and assure the crimp is mechanically strong and electrically stable. This specification was developed for use with stranded automotive copper wire. Only where specifically mentioned are other constructions or other core materials (aluminum, clad, steel core, etc.) applicable. This specification does not apply to wire types not mentioned, such as coaxial cable crimps, unless a USCAR-21 test is specifically referenced in the test specification for that wire type. This specification is based on accepted levels of environmental exposure for automotive applications. In any intended vehicle application, if the products covered by this specification are or may be subjected to conditions beyond those described in this document, they must pass special
USCAR
O-Ring Machined from AMS3617 MaterialAS9772A (Current)01/13/2020
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings machined from AMS3617 polyamide material. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Performance Specifications for a Midsize Male Pedestrian Research DummyJ2782_201911 (Current)11/26/2019
While it is recognized that collisions involve pedestrians of all sizes, this Information Report addresses performance specifications for a midsize adult male research dummy. This approach stems from the greater knowledge of biomechanics and existing dummy technologies for the midsize male relative to other adult sizes and children. While not the initial objective, it is envisioned that additional performance specifications for other sizes of pedestrian research dummies will be developed in the future based on accepted scaling procedures. The specific requirements for the pedestrian dummy have been based on a collective assessment of pedestrian injury, response, and anthropometry priorities from the experimental, epidemiologic, and computational literature. In general, the objective was to specify performance specifications based on human characteristics and the impact response of post-mortem human subjects rather than to specify the design of a particular physical device. Based on the
Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Performance Specifications for a Midsize Male Pedestrian Research DummyJ2782_201911-TEST-REC (Historical)11/26/2019
While it is recognized that collisions involve pedestrians of all sizes, this Information Report addresses performance specifications for a midsize adult male research dummy. This approach stems from the greater knowledge of biomechanics and existing dummy technologies for the midsize male relative to other adult sizes and children. While not the initial objective, it is envisioned that additional performance specifications for other sizes of pedestrian research dummies will be developed in the future based on accepted scaling procedures. The specific requirements for the pedestrian dummy have been based on a collective assessment of pedestrian injury, response, and anthropometry priorities from the experimental, epidemiologic, and computational literature. In general, the objective was to specify performance specifications based on human characteristics and the impact response of post-mortem human subjects rather than to specify the design of a particular physical device. Based on the
Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Seat Belt Dynamic Test Performance Sensitivity to Anchorage Location Tolerance of 50 mm2019-28-239811/21/2019
Seat Belt Assemblies used in a vehicle are tested and certified as per ECE R16/ IS 15140 for its performance during dynamic test. During validation test, seat belt anchorages are set-up as per design condition. The tolerance provided in the regulation for each anchorage is 50mm. Also there is difference in actual anchorage location in a vehicle and design location. This tolerance and variation can affect the performance of seat belt during the test or actual car accident. This study shows the variation of seat belt performance when different combination of anchorage locations is used within 50 mm.
Gupta, Akshat
Requirements for Accreditation of Testing Laboratories for Organic CoatingsAS5505A (Current)10/28/2019
This document provides interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025 and establishes additional requirements for accreditation of testing laboratories for evaluating organic coatings.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Brake Rating Power Requirements - Truck and BusJ257_201907 (Current)07/18/2019
The minimum performance values in this SAE Recommended Practice are applicable to vehicles with brake systems having typical service pressure ranges 0 to 16.6 MPa (0 to 2400 psi) hydraulic or 0 to 945 kPa (0 to 135 psi) air only. SAE J880 not only provides for determining maximum brake rating power capability, but also permits verification of any desired or arbitrary level such as the requirement established herein. The determining criteria for deciding brake rating power capability are: a. Cold brake stopping ability. b. Fade as a result of brake power absorption. c. Hot brake stopping ability following brake power absorption. d. Brake system stability following brake power absorption. e. Functional and structural integrity of brake system following test.
Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee
Performance Testing and Analysis of Multi-Channel Active Control System for Vehicle Interior Noise Using Adaptive Notch Filter2019-01-156706/05/2019
It is considered that slow convergence speed and large calculation amount of commonly used adaptive algorithm in the active control system for vehicle interior noise yield noise reduction performance and hardware requirements problems. In this paper, a 4-channel active control of vehicle interior noise based on adaptive notch filter is established, and road test is carried out to test and analyze the performance of the control system. Firstly, the general mathematic model of the multi-channel active control system based on adaptive notch filter is established. The computational complexity of the algorithm is analyzed and compared with that of the FXLMS algorithm. Secondly, a hardware-in-the-loop test bench based on multi-channel adaptive notch filter is set up, to measure the noise reduction performance of ANC system under various working conditions. Finally, the typical test conditions are designed to test the system noise reduction performance, and the road test is carried out and
Zhang, Lijun, Zhang, Xiyu, Meng, Dejian
New Performance Metrics for Lidar19AVEP05_0705/01/2019
Frame-rate measurement is so yesterday. Object-revisit rate and instantaneous resolution are more relevant metrics, and indicative of what a lidar system can and should do, argues a revolutionary in the artificial-perception space. How do you measure the effectiveness of an intelligent, lidar-based perception system for autonomous vehicles? Conventional evaluation metrics favor frame rate and resolution as the ideal criteria. However, experts at Pleasanton, Calif.-based artificial perception company AEye believe that these criteria are inadequate for measuring the unique capabilities of more advanced lidar systems, nor do they explicitly address real-world problems facing autonomous driving, such as hazard detection and tracking. “Makers of automotive lidar systems are frequently asked about their frame rate, and whether or not their technology has the ability to detect objects with 10% reflectivity at a specified range, frame rate and resolution,” said the company's co-founder and
Vijayan, Indu
Evaluation of After-Market Light Emitting Diode Headlight Bulbs2019-01-085004/02/2019
Taking advantage of growing consumer interest in light emitting diode (LED) headlights, an increasing number of after-market LED replacement bulbs is available on the market. They are designed to have similar socket shapes and sizes as halogen bulbs, in order to fit into existing headlight housings. Although none of these LED replacement bulbs conform to present federal headlighting regulations, and some are labeled for "off road use" only, others claim to meet current regulations. Regardless, many different LED bulbs can be easily purchased and installed by vehicle owners, who may or may not be aware of their regulatory status. Several different LED replacement bulb kits, each designed to replace a conventional 55-W H11 halogen bulb, were purchased and tested in three different low-beam headlight units. Photometric measurements at several critical test points for headlight performance revealed that none of the resulting distributions met all of the test point photometric requirements
Liu, Yi-wei, Bullough, John
Investigating Cardiac Device Performance with Computer Modeling and SimulationTBMG-3371802/01/2019
Why do some people develop malfunction of their mitral valve (MV) after a heart attack? The answers are complex, and treatments are not yet perfected. But biomedical engineers are hot on the trail of better solutions thanks to advancements in computer modeling and simulation.
A Study on the Repeatability of Vehicle Ride Performance Measurements2019-26-007601/09/2019
Across the automotive industries, objective measurements and subjective assessment of vehicle ride performance are routinely carried out during development as well as validation phase. Objective measurements are receiving increased attention as they are generally believed to offer a higher degree of objectivity and repeatability compared to the subjective assessment alone. Typical industry practices include the acquisition of vehicle-occupant vibrational response on specified road sections, test surfaces on proving grounds or in a controlled input environment such as four-poster test rig. In presented work, a study is performed on the repeatability of vehicle ride performance metrics such as weighted RMS acceleration and frequency responses using the data acquired in repeated trials conducted using three different sports utility vehicles (SUVs) on a sufficiently long designated road section. Intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle ride performances are compared and studied against the
Joshi, Divyanshu, Kedia, Shubham, Muthiah, Saravanan
Design and Performance Specifications for a Generic Buck Representing a Small Family Car Used in the Assessment of Pedestrian Dummy Whole Body Impact ResponseJ3093_201901 (Current)01/08/2019
This Information Report addresses the design and performance specifications for a generic buck to be used in full-scale vehicle to pedestrian tests conducted to evaluate pedestrian dummy performance. Specifically, the buck is designed to mimic the impact response of the front end of a sedan within the small family car class during a collision with a pedestrian. The goal is to develop a generic buck with simplified geometry and a limited number of components made of clearly defined and readily available engineering materials to facilitate fabrication and reproducibility. To ensure performance of the buck, it is specified that the buck mimics the maximum crush distance, absorbed energy, and maximum force corresponding to a sedan within the small family car class during a pedestrian impact. The design and performance specifications provided in this document focus on: (1) the design specifications describing the materials and geometry of the generic buck and (2) the specific certification
Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) Disc Pad Wear Behavior: Divergence of Thickness Loss and Weight Loss2018-01-186610/05/2018
There is anecdotal evidence that disc pad wear numbers measured in thickness loss and disc pad wear numbers measured in weight loss do not show the same wear trends after wear or performance testing. However, research papers on this topic are difficult to find. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to study and document this behavior in detail on high-copper, low-copper and no-copper (or copper-free) NAO pads. In all cases, thickness loss measurements are found to be substantially lower than expected from the weight loss data according to the SAE J2522 test schedule. This divergence is caused by pad swelling in the pad layer adjacent to the friction contact surface during brake testing at high temperatures. In addition to formulation changes, disc pad processing conditions such as mixing time and hot molding pressure are found to affect pad swelling. As pad physical properties, especially in the layer adjacent to the friction contact surface, are expected to dynamically change
Sriwiboon, Meechai, Tiempan, Nipon, Kaewlob, Kritsana, Rhee, Seong
A Video-Based System for Measuring the Braking Performance of a Bicycle2018-01-503208/27/2018
The following article describes a methodology for using a video-based system to measure the deceleration or braking performance of a bicycle after the rider applies the brakes. The bicycle’s deceleration was calculated from the equation of motion using the initial velocity and the braking distance, which is the difference between the point of brake initiation (POBI) and the bicycle’s point of rest (POR). The POBI was determined by using a GoPro camera mounted on the chain stay near the rear axle that captured a brake light wired into the rear brakes while the test cyclist rode alongside of a 100-foot surveyor tape. The POR or more specifically where the rear wheel stopped was documented next to the 100-foot surveyor tape. This methodology was evaluated under two braking conditions: rear brake only (RBO) and front and rear brake (FARB). The results demonstrated that the video-based system provided reasonably accurate measurements, on the order of 5% for assessing the braking performance
Joganich, Timothy
Strain-Life Fatigue Data File FormatJ2409_201808 (Current)08/24/2018
SAE format for a SIMPLE Strain-Life Fatigue Data Exchange File Format. The object of this SAE Standard is to provide a simple common way to exchange strain-life fatigue data collected from ASTM E 606 axial fatigue test data.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Guidelines for Testing and Support of Aerospace, Fiber Optic, Inter-Connect SystemsARP5061A (Current)08/16/2018
ARP5061A provides guidelines for optical performance testing of short haul fiber optic inter-connection systems used in aerospace vehicles. The focus of this document is to introduce the proper testing tools and establish common pre- and post-installation test methods and troubleshooting methodologies.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
FIBER OPTIC FERRULE MECHANICAL TRANSFERARINC846 (Current)08/06/2018
This specification covers the dimensions, performance, and quality assurance criteria for fiber optic MT contacts, including performance test requirements and procedures, suitable for use on commercial aircraft.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Passenger Car Tire Performance Requirements and Test ProceduresJ918_201806 (Current)06/29/2018
This SAE Standard provides minimum performance requirements and accompanying uniform laboratory test procedures for evaluating certain essential characteristics of new tires and newly retreaded tires intended for use on passenger cars. (The requirements published in this SAE Standard pertain to tire sizes currently used on American passenger cars and popular sizes used on imported passenger cars. For related information on tire sizes not listed, contact SAE Automotive Headquarters, 18121 East Eight Mile Road, East Detroit, Michigan 48021.)
Highway Tire Committee
Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle HeadlampsJ1383_201805 (Current)05/16/2018
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document establishes performance requirements for headlamps.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Cylinder Pressure-Based Virtual Sensor for In-Cycle Pilot Mass Estimation2018-01-116304/03/2018
In this article, a virtual sensor for the estimation of the injected pilot mass in-cycle is proposed. The method provides an early estimation of the pilot mass before its combustion is finished. Furthermore, the virtual sensor can also estimate pilot masses when its combustion is incomplete. The pilot mass estimation is conducted by comparing the calculated heat release from in-cylinder pressure measurements to a model of the vaporization delay, ignition delay, and the combustion dynamics. A new statistical approach is proposed for the detection of the start of vaporization and the start of combustion. The discrete estimations, obtained at the start of vaporization and the start of combustion, are optimally combined and integrated in a Kalman Filter that estimates the pilot mass during the vaporization and combustion. The virtual sensor was programmed in a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and its performance tested in a Scania D13 Diesel engine. The experimental results showed
Jorques Moreno, Carlos, Stenlaas, Ola, Tunestal, Per
An Integrated Test Facility for Suspension Dampers of Commercial Vehicle2018-01-138304/03/2018
In the present scenario, delivering the right product at the right time is very crucial in automotive sector to grab the competitive advantage. In the development stage, validation process devours most of the product development time. This paper focuses on reducing the validation time for damper (shock absorber) variants which is a vital component in commercial vehicle suspension system. New test facility is designed for both performance test and endurance testing of six samples simultaneously. In addition, it provides force trend monitoring during the validation which increases the efficiency of test with an enhanced control system. This new facility is also designed to provide side loading capability for individual dampers in addition to the conventional axial loading. The key parameter during validation is control of damper seal temperature within the range of 70-90°C. A cooling circuit is designed to provide an efficient temperature control by re-circulating cold water. The water
N, Obuli Karthikeyan, Bakthavachalam, Sathish Kumar, V, Srinivasa Chandra, C, Karthikeyan
Splices, Fiber Optics, For Aerospace Inter-Connection SystemsMA5405B (Current)03/18/2018
This specification covers design and performance requirements of fiber optic splices for optical distribution systems in aerospace vehicles and provides a means of procurement of such devices.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Challenging Conventional Wisdom by Utilizing Group II Base Oils in Fuel Efficient Axle Oils2017-01-235610/08/2017
Improving vehicle fuel economy is a major consideration for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their technology suppliers worldwide as government legislation increasingly limits carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time that automotive OEMs have been driving toward lower viscosity axle oils to improve fuel economy, OEMs have worked to improved durability over an extended drain interval. These challenges have driven the use of API group III and/or API group IV base oils in most factory fill axle oils. This paper details the development of a novel lower viscosity SAE 75W-85 axle technology based on group II base oil that rivals the performance of a PAO-based axle oil and challenges the conventional wisdom of not using group II base oils in fuel efficient axle oils. Key to this development was the combination of carefully selected viscosity modifiers (VMs) with base oils to lower the traction coefficients and improve oxidative performance as well as improving lower temperature
Hong, Hyun-Soo, Engel, Christopher, Filippini, Brian, Slocum, Sona, Qureshi, Farrukh, Higuchi, Tomoya
Performance Specification for Automotive Wire Harness Retainer ClipsUSCAR44 (Historical)05/10/2017
This specification describes a method and acceptance criteria for testing automotive wire harness retainer clips. Retainer clips are plastic parts that hold a wire harness or electrical connector in a specific position. Typical plastic retainers work by having a set of "branches" that can be inserted into a hole sized to be easy to install but provide acceptable retention. This specification tests retainer clips for mechanical retention when exposed to the mechanical and environmental stresses typically found in automotive applications over a 15-year service life. This specification has several test options to allow the test to match to the expected service conditions. The variability of applications typically arises a) from different ambient temperatures near the clip, different proximity to automotive fluids, different exposure to standing water or water spray and different thicknesses of the holes that the clip is inserted into. Clips are typically inserted into sheet or rolled
USCAR
Modeling and Simulation of Compression Molding Process for Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) of Chopped Carbon Fiber Composites2017-01-022803/28/2017
Compression molded SMC composed of chopped carbon fiber and resin polymer which balances the mechanical performance and manufacturing cost presents a promising solution for vehicle lightweight strategy. However, the performance of the SMC molded parts highly depends on the compression molding process and local microstructure, which greatly increases the cost for the part level performance testing and elongates the design cycle. ICME (Integrated Computational Material Engineering) approaches are thus necessary tools to reduce the number of experiments required during part design and speed up the deployment of the SMC materials. As the fundamental stage of the ICME workflow, commercial software packages for SMC compression molding exist yet remain not fully validated especially for chopped fiber systems. In the present study, SMC plaques are prepared through compression molding process. The corresponding simulation models are built in Autodesk Moldflow with the same part geometry and
Li, Yang, Xu, Hongyi, Dahl, Jeffrey, Zeng, Danielle, Su, Xuming, Mirdamadi, Mansour, Chen, Zhangxing
Simulating the Mobility of Wheeled Ground Vehicles with Mercury2017-01-027303/28/2017
Mercury is a high-fidelity, physics-based object-oriented software for conducting simulations of vehicle performance evaluations for requirements and engineering metrics. Integrating cutting-edge, massively parallel modeling techniques for soft, cohesive and dry granular soil that will integrate state-of-the-art soil simulation with high-fidelity multi-body dynamics and powertrain modeling to provide a comprehensive mobility simulator for ground vehicles. The Mercury implements the Chrono::Vehicle dynamics library for vehicle dynamics, which provides multi-body dynamic simulation of wheeled and tracked vehicles. The powertrain is modeled using the Powertrain Analysis Computational Environment (PACE), a behavior-based powertrain analysis based on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Autonomie software. Vehicle -terrain interaction (VTI) is simulated with the Ground Contact Element (GCE), which provides forces to the Chrono-vehicle solver. The driver model implements an array of tests for
Goodin, Chris, Priddy, Jody, Lynch, Larry, Mange, Jeremy, Pace, Sara, Skorupa, Thomas, Kedziorek, Daniel
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