Browse Topic: Performance tests

Items (293)
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This paper describes the electromagnetic noise mitigation on the Maryland Tiltrotor Rig (MTR) and presents its first hover test results. The primary source of noise was found to be pulse width modulation associated with the motor controller. Due to this noise, testing was limited to unpowered, freewheeling cases. To solve the noise problem and allow powered testing, three hardware filters were integrated into the power and data systems. A complementary digital filter was also used. With the filtering solution in place, hover tests were carried out to high collectives of 30◦and blade loadings of 0.2. The test data was assessed using blade element-momentum theory predictions.
Ogle, WilliamO'Brien, NathanDatta, Anubhav
This document provides an overview of the tests and issues related to testing that are unique to Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs). An EHA incorporates a linear or rotary hydraulic actuator and a variable speed, reversible electric servomotor driving a fixed displacement hydraulic pump for actuator control, and associated power drive electronics. The tests and issues documented are not necessarily all-inclusive. This document discusses both, the tests applicable to EHAs and the test methodologies to accomplish the test objectives. This document also lists tests that are not unique to EHAs, but are still applicable to EHAs. In these instances a discussion of such tests is not contained in this document, and as applicable, the reader may reference ARP1281 (Actuators: Aircraft Flight Controls, Power Operated, Hydraulic, General Specification For), which addresses test issues applicable to electrohydraulic flight control servoactuators. In the discussion of the tests and test methodologies contained in this document, numerical definition or specification of the test parameters to be imposed or measured is not included. These definitions or specifications should be developed to conform to the requirements of the applicable EHA technical specification document, considering the usual influencing factors such as instrumentation accuracy, test temperature, etc.
A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
T-625 helicopter, created by the Turkish Aerospace Helicopter Group, serves as a light utility multi role helicopter. It is powered by a pair of CTS800-4AT turboshaft engines, which were developed by the Light Helicopter Turbine Engine Company (LHTEC). This paper presents aspects of performance characteristics for air intakes, exhaust system and engine vents in powerplant integration of the T-625 helicopter, together with the results of engine installed performance flight test campaign, which are performed to determine the engine installation losses.
Mayda, AnilÇakıroğlu, TaylanEzertaş, Ahmet AlperBayat, AkayOkatan, LütfullahSancar, EmreDaldal, Burak
Zawodny, NikolasPascioni, KyleThurman, Christopher
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a uniform laboratory procedure for securing and reporting the friction and wear characteristics of brake linings. The performance data obtained can be used for in-plant quality control by brake lining manufacturers and for the quality assessment of incoming shipments by the purchasers of brake linings.
Brake Linings Standards Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers automatic pilots intended for use on aircraft to automatically operate the primary and trim aerodynamic controls to maintain stable flight and/or to provide maneuvering about any of the three axes through servo control. Automatic control functions essential for primary or augmented flight control are excluded.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Aircraft with small speed-controlled propellers are becoming increasingly popular. This is conspicuous in the commercial sector, but also evident in the defense sector. Proof of the latter is the Army's Air Launched Effects (ALE) program, which aims to develop foldable, tube-launched Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). Such aircraft will likely use small speed-controlled folding propellers, which have unique geometry and limited publicly available data making it difficult to characterize their performance. This paper concerns performance testing of a small speed-controlled folding propeller in the U.S Army's 7- by 10-foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center, utilizing a new test rig that aerodynamically isolates a propeller's blades. The results of the test are presented, which include thrust and efficiency measured at various pitch angles, rotational speeds and wind speeds. Useful and expected trends are identified in the data, such as the peak efficiencies increasing with increased RPM, wind speed and blade pitch.
Battey, LukeRussell, Carl
The subject of the research in this paper is to achieve longer and more reliable loss of lubrication (LoL) performance. The research developed the computational thermal analysis model including airflow inside and outside transmissions to predict thermal behavior under LoL. And the research conducted the LoL performance test using the modified BK117D2 (EC145T2) main transmission optimally designed with the computational analysis. Data measurement during the test included temperatures of rotating components such as gears and bearings, temperature distribution on the gear teeth, and airflow speeds and heat fluxes around the transmission in order to analysis the test result. The test procedure was according to the EASA new rule, which has severer test condition than the past rule. The test result shows longer LoL performance than the past test of the BK117D2 main transmission. And the computational analysis model was validated with the measured data. Then, the failure cause and possible future improvements were investigated based on the measured data and the analysis model. Finally the research concluded the modifications on the transmission, the computational analysis model and the measured data are able to make LoL performance longer and more reliable.
Ogasawara, KentaArisawa, HidenoriHashimoto, HironoriHayasaka, AkiraShinoda, YujiYamamoto, Hiroki
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures for desiccant air dryers used in vehicles with compressed air systems per SAE J2383. Continuous flow desiccant air dryers are excluded from the scope of this document.
Truck and Bus Brake Supply and Control Components Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers air data computer equipment (hereinafter designated the computer) which when connected to sources of aircraft electrical power, static pressure, total pressure, outside air temperature, and others specified by the manufacturer (singly or in combination) provides some or all of the following computed air data output signals (in analog and/or digital form) which may supply primary and/or standby flight instruments: Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude, Baro-Corrected Vertical Speed Calibrated Airspeed Mach Number Maximum Allowable Airspeed Over-speed Warning Total Air Temperature
A-4 Air Data Subcommittee
This document establishes minimum performance criteria at GCWR and calculation methodology to determine tow-vehicle TWR for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks. This includes all vehicles up to 14000 pounds GVWR.
Tow Vehicle Trailer Rating Committee
Performance Specification for Automotive Electrical Connector SystemsUSCAR2-7 (Current)2/3/2020
Procedures included within this specification are intended to cover performance testing at all phases of development, production, and field analysis of electrical terminals, connectors, and components that constitute the electrical connection systems in low voltage (0 to 20 VDC) road vehicle applications. These procedures are only applicable to terminals used for In-Line, Header, and Device Connector systems. They are not applicable to Edge Board connector systems, twist lock connector systems, >20 VAC or DC, or to eyelet terminals. No electrical connector, terminal, or related component may be represented as having met USCAR/EWCAP specifications unless conformance to all applicable requirements of this specification have been verified and documented. All required verification and documentation must be done by the supplier of the part or parts. If testing is performed by another source, it does not relieve the primary supplier of responsibility for documentation (DVP&R) of all test results and for verification that all samples tested met all applicable Acceptance Criteria. See 4.3. NOTICE: If the products tested to this specification are or may be subjected to conditions beyond those described in this document, they must pass special tests simulating the actual conditions to be encountered before they can be considered acceptable for actual vehicle application. The Authorized Person is the final authority as to what tests are to be performed on his or her parts and for what purpose these tests are required. He or she is also the final authority for resolving any questions related to testing to this specification and to authorizing any variance (with supporting data) to the equipment or procedures contained in this specification. Any such deviation must be documented and included in the final test report. Guidance as to the recommended tests for selected purposes is given in the charts in Appendices C and D.
USCAR
Performance Specification for Cable-to-Terminal Electrical CrimpsUSCAR21-4 (Current)1/22/2020
This specification defines test methods and requirements for validation of solderless crimped connections. The purpose of this test is to simulate in the lab the stress seen in a typical life (15 years and 150000 miles) for a crimp connection and assure the crimp is mechanically strong and electrically stable. This specification was developed for use with stranded automotive copper wire. Only where specifically mentioned are other constructions or other core materials (aluminum, clad, steel core, etc.) applicable. This specification does not apply to wire types not mentioned, such as coaxial cable crimps, unless a USCAR-21 test is specifically referenced in the test specification for that wire type. This specification is based on accepted levels of environmental exposure for automotive applications. In any intended vehicle application, if the products covered by this specification are or may be subjected to conditions beyond those described in this document, they must pass special tests simulating the actual conditions to be encountered before they can be considered acceptable for actual vehicle application. Products certified by their supplier as having passed specific applicable portions of this specification are not to be used in applications where conditions may exceed those for which the product has been satisfactorily tested. Any deviation must be documented and included in the final test report. Crimp applications validated to this specification are intended to supersede crimp information on the component prints. The terminal supplier has the primary responsibility for testing and selection of crimp tooling and to supply detailed crimp information or make crimp tooling available to the wiring assembly supplier actually doing the production crimping. The wiring harness supplier is responsible for validating all crimps produced per this specification. Environmental exposures called-out in this specification include Thermal Shock and Temperature Humidity Cycling and are used to stress every production terminal and cable combination used under test to simulate field exposure. SAE/USCAR-21 has tests that will detect deficiencies in crimp tooling geometry, plating quality, strand distribution, and cable strand count. SAE/USCAR-21 must be done in addition to a connector system validation such as SAE/USCAR-2 to assure the entire allowable production crimp height range of every combination is acceptable. Testing to a connector system specification also validates what is not tested in SAE/USCAR-21 such as long-term high temperature exposure. Procedures included within this specification are intended to cover performance testing and development of electrical terminal crimps that are part of the electrical connection systems in low voltage (0 to 48 VDC) road vehicle applications at ambient temperatures of 125 °C maximum. Higher voltages and temperatures may be tested if the OEM customer approves use of these test procedures for use at voltages and temperatures beyond these limits.
USCAR
While it is recognized that collisions involve pedestrians of all sizes, this Information Report addresses performance specifications for a midsize adult male research dummy. This approach stems from the greater knowledge of biomechanics and existing dummy technologies for the midsize male relative to other adult sizes and children. While not the initial objective, it is envisioned that additional performance specifications for other sizes of pedestrian research dummies will be developed in the future based on accepted scaling procedures. The specific requirements for the pedestrian dummy have been based on a collective assessment of pedestrian injury, response, and anthropometry priorities from the experimental, epidemiologic, and computational literature. In general, the objective was to specify performance specifications based on human characteristics and the impact response of post-mortem human subjects rather than to specify the design of a particular physical device. Based on the perceived applications for a research pedestrian dummy, the primary focus of this document centered on biofidelic whole-body kinematics during a vehicle-pedestrian impact. Specific body regions were prioritized (see A.1.5) based on a combination of pedestrian injury, including both severity and frequency. Based on the priorities established by a review committee, the specifications provided in this document include both mandatory and recommended requirements as indicated by the terms “shall” and “should,” respectively. As pedestrian injury trends and dummy hardware continue to evolve in the future, it is anticipated that this document will expand to include more mandatory requirements in more body regions. Finally, it should be noted that the test procedures described in this document only apply to the specific tests required to assess pedestrian dummy biofidelity. It is anticipated that pedestrian dummies meeting the performance criteria of this document will be used in a wide variety of tests, requiring specialized test and data procedures.
Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
The command inputs selected for system identification (SYSID) are dictated by numerous factors, some of which include: 1) The frequency range of interest; 2) The capability of the system to sustain the inputs; 3) The capability of the system to remain ‘agnostic’ to future inputs. When the elements comprising, the system being identified are all electro-mechanical, frequency sweeps, sum-of-sines, and impulsive inputs are standard identification techniques. However, when human manual control becomes an element of the system, the second and third factors are key considerations. Sum-of-sines (SOS) has been used extensively for identifying human control dynamics as it provides an input that is perceived by the pilot as random and focuses power at discrete frequencies. A disadvantage of SOS is the attentional demand it requires from the human operator, which limits the duration of an identification run to typically around one minute. This in turn constrains the lowest frequencies that can be identified, and multiple consecutive runs can lead to operator fatigue and performance degradation. Discrete inputs such as ramps have been employed with human-in-loop testing, but only with regard to Handling Qualities and performance testing. This work examines discrete inputs as a method for human-in-loop SYSID. An experiment was conducted using two terrain profiles: 1) Pop-up (POP), where four mesas (hills) of varying height, slope, and plateau length were unevenly spaced on flat terrain; 2) Sum-of-sines (SOS), where the terrain was comprised of the sum of eleven non-harmonically-related sine waves, so that the contour was perceived as varying randomly. The task for both terrain types was to maintain 20 feet above the ground using pitch (airspeed was fixed at 35 knots) for each run. Bedford workload ratings were collected after each run. Both terrain profiles produced approximately the same open-loop frequency responses, and their coherences were not significantly different. However, the Bedford ratings showed the POP profile was significantly easier to execute than SOS. The POP technique thus presents a less demanding, more appealing, and potentially more consistent way for eliciting frequency information relating to pilot gain, stability, and time delay.
Bachelder, Edward
Evaluation of After-Market Light Emitting Diode Headlight Bulbs2019-01-08504/2/2019
Taking advantage of growing consumer interest in light emitting diode (LED) headlights, an increasing number of after-market LED replacement bulbs is available on the market. They are designed to have similar socket shapes and sizes as halogen bulbs, in order to fit into existing headlight housings. Although none of these LED replacement bulbs conform to present federal headlighting regulations, and some are labeled for "off road use" only, others claim to meet current regulations. Regardless, many different LED bulbs can be easily purchased and installed by vehicle owners, who may or may not be aware of their regulatory status. Several different LED replacement bulb kits, each designed to replace a conventional 55-W H11 halogen bulb, were purchased and tested in three different low-beam headlight units. Photometric measurements at several critical test points for headlight performance revealed that none of the resulting distributions met all of the test point photometric requirements. Some intensity values were lower than allowed minima while others exceeded allowed maxima. Photographs of the resulting beam patterns for each combination of LED bulb and headlight unit, when compared to the patterns with the halogen bulb, revealed stark differences in performance between the halogen and LED bulbs. Even though some bulbs more closely matched halogen performance, performance for different headlights using the same LED bulb could vary widely. These findings suggest that using after-market LEDs to replace halogen bulbs can compromise headlighting performance.
Liu, Yi-weiBullough, John
A Study on the Repeatability of Vehicle Ride Performance Measurements2019-26-00761/9/2019
Across the automotive industries, objective measurements and subjective assessment of vehicle ride performance are routinely carried out during development as well as validation phase. Objective measurements are receiving increased attention as they are generally believed to offer a higher degree of objectivity and repeatability compared to the subjective assessment alone. Typical industry practices include the acquisition of vehicle-occupant vibrational response on specified road sections, test surfaces on proving grounds or in a controlled input environment such as four-poster test rig. In presented work, a study is performed on the repeatability of vehicle ride performance metrics such as weighted RMS acceleration and frequency responses using the data acquired in repeated trials conducted using three different sports utility vehicles (SUVs) on a sufficiently long designated road section. Intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle ride performances are compared and studied against the mentioned metrics. Results indicate a significant variability of results in repeated trials, which in few cases is found to exceed the variation across the vehicles. These variabilities can be arguably attributed to several inevitable practical constraints such as vehicle speed variation, non-uniformity of lateral road cross-sections, etc. Further, the consistency of the results obtained using four-poster based measurements is studied and compared against the road-measurement based counterpart. Paper concludes with a suggestion to use simulated road profiles on four-poster test rig for objective vehicle ride performance measurements.
Joshi, DivyanshuKedia, ShubhamMuthiah, Saravanan
Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) Disc Pad Wear Behavior: Divergence of Thickness Loss and Weight Loss2018-01-186610/5/2018
There is anecdotal evidence that disc pad wear numbers measured in thickness loss and disc pad wear numbers measured in weight loss do not show the same wear trends after wear or performance testing. However, research papers on this topic are difficult to find. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to study and document this behavior in detail on high-copper, low-copper and no-copper (or copper-free) NAO pads. In all cases, thickness loss measurements are found to be substantially lower than expected from the weight loss data according to the SAE J2522 test schedule. This divergence is caused by pad swelling in the pad layer adjacent to the friction contact surface during brake testing at high temperatures. In addition to formulation changes, disc pad processing conditions such as mixing time and hot molding pressure are found to affect pad swelling. As pad physical properties, especially in the layer adjacent to the friction contact surface, are expected to dynamically change during braking due to the pad swelling, one has to seriously question any attempt to correlate physical properties of unused pads to brake performance and squeal generation. Detailed characterization of the dynamic changes taking place in the pad during testing/usage is recommended to gain better understanding and better prediction of brake performance and squeal.
Sriwiboon, MeechaiTiempan, NiponKaewlob, KritsanaRhee, Seong
Cylinder Pressure-Based Virtual Sensor for In-Cycle Pilot Mass Estimation2018-01-11634/3/2018
In this article, a virtual sensor for the estimation of the injected pilot mass in-cycle is proposed. The method provides an early estimation of the pilot mass before its combustion is finished. Furthermore, the virtual sensor can also estimate pilot masses when its combustion is incomplete. The pilot mass estimation is conducted by comparing the calculated heat release from in-cylinder pressure measurements to a model of the vaporization delay, ignition delay, and the combustion dynamics. A new statistical approach is proposed for the detection of the start of vaporization and the start of combustion. The discrete estimations, obtained at the start of vaporization and the start of combustion, are optimally combined and integrated in a Kalman Filter that estimates the pilot mass during the vaporization and combustion. The virtual sensor was programmed in a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and its performance tested in a Scania D13 Diesel engine. The experimental results showed that the method can effectively improve the in-cycle pilot mass estimation. The accuracy, quantified by the average error between the actual injected mass and the estimated mass, was improved from an induced initial bias error of ±3 mg/st to a final error of ±0.1 mg/st, with a precision of ±0.45 mg/st. A level of precision of ±0.5 mg/st was already obtained at the peak of the pilot heat release. The suggested method is robust against changing operating conditions based on the calibration points. With the proposed parametrization, this is limited to regions where the parameter dependence is linear. The maximum calibration bias error for points out of the calibration range was within ±0.5 mg/st, with a precision of ±0.8 mg/st. In addition, the method was found to be robust against most input measurement errors and parameter bias. The major error sensitivity was detected for top dead center (TDC) offset. Different fuels than those used for calibration were found to result in an error proportional to the lower heating value error. The estimation framework can easily integrate more complex models to allow the estimation of greater pilot masses and multiple injections. The pilot mass estimation can be used to predict the pilot combustion and its effect on the main injection. This allows for better in-cycle controllability, that is, ability to adjust the main injection timing and duration, cycle-to-cycle control, and adaptation of pilot and main injections. The closed-loop control of the combustion enables improved engine performance and efficiency and reduced emissions variability.
Jorques Moreno, CarlosStenlaas, OlaTunestal, Per
Performance Specification for Automotive Wire Harness Retainer ClipsUSCAR44 (Historical)5/10/2017
This specification describes a method and acceptance criteria for testing automotive wire harness retainer clips. Retainer clips are plastic parts that hold a wire harness or electrical connector in a specific position. Typical plastic retainers work by having a set of "branches" that can be inserted into a hole sized to be easy to install but provide acceptable retention. This specification tests retainer clips for mechanical retention when exposed to the mechanical and environmental stresses typically found in automotive applications over a 15-year service life. This specification has several test options to allow the test to match to the expected service conditions. The variability of applications typically arises a) from different ambient temperatures near the clip, different proximity to automotive fluids, different exposure to standing water or water spray and different thicknesses of the holes that the clip is inserted into. Clips are typically inserted into sheet or rolled metal from 0.6mm to 8mm thick so this specification focuses on that range. Outside of this range requires a custom test. The procedures described in this document have been evaluated for the design types shown in Table 2.3. Use of USCAR-44 for other than a design shown in Table 2.3 may or may not produce acceptable test correlation to actual experience but USCAR has not reviewed any data. USCAR-44 can be used at all phases of development, production, and field analysis since it is a performance test and not a process validation or quality assessment. No retainer may be represented as having met USCAR/EWCAP specifications unless conformance to all applicable requirements of this specification have been verified and documented. All required verification and documentation must be provided by the supplier of the part. If testing is performed by another source, it does not relieve the primary supplier of responsibility for documentation (DVP&R) of all test results and for verification that all samples tested met all applicable acceptance criteria. This specification describes a method and acceptance criteria for testing automotive wire harness retainer clips. Retainer clips are plastic parts that hold a wire harness or electrical connector in a specific position. Typical plastic retainers work by having a set of "branches" that can be inserted into a hole sized to be easy to install but provide acceptable retention. This specification tests retainer clips for mechanical retention when exposed to the mechanical and environmental stresses typically found in automotive applications over a 15-year service life. This specification has several test options to allow the test to match to the expected service conditions. The variability of applications typically arises a) from different ambient temperatures near the clip, different proximity to automotive fluids, different exposure to standing water or water spray and different thicknesses of the holes that the clip is inserted into. Clips are typically inserted into sheet or rolled metal from 0.6mm to 8mm thick so this specification focuses on that range. Outside of this range requires a custom test. The procedures described in this document have been evaluated for the design types shown in Table 2.3. Use of USCAR-44 for other than a design shown in Table 2.3 may or may not produce acceptable test correlation to actual experience but USCAR has not reviewed any data. USCAR-44 can be used at all phases of development, production, and field analysis since it is a performance test and not a process validation or quality assessment. No retainer may be represented as having met USCAR/EWCAP specifications unless conformance to all applicable requirements of this specification have been verified and documented. All required verification and documentation must be provided by the supplier of the part. If testing is performed by another source, it does not relieve the primary supplier of responsibility for documentation (DVP&R) of all test results and for verification that all samples tested met all applicable acceptance criteria.
USCAR
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Nanofluids on Heat Transfer Performance of a Motorcycle Radiator2017-01-16113/28/2017
In the present work, the effect of various nanofluids on automotive engine cooling was experimentally studied. Al2O3, TiC, SiC, MWNT (multi-walled nanotube), and SiO2 nanoparticles with average diameter ranging between 1 and 100 nm were mixed with distilled water to form nanofluids. An ultrasonic generator was used to generate uniform particle dispersion in the fluid. A compatibility test was carried out on all nanofluids and it was found that TiC, MWNT, and Si3N4 nanoparticles settled and separated from the fluid within 3 hours after preparation. The engine cooling performance testing setup consisted of an Aprilia SXV 450 engine, the nanofluid cooling loop, a radiator, a fan, etc. Thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTD’s) were attached to the inlet and outlet of the radiator hose to monitor the temperature changes taking place in the cooling system. A flowmeter was attached to the inlet hose of the radiator to monitor the coolant flow rate. Results of heat transfer capability were compared for cooling system with and without nanoparticle seeding. It was observed that the heat dissipation capacity of nanofluids increased with increasing volume concentration of nanoparticles and also with increasing coolant flow rate. The results showed that the heat dissipated by TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 nanofluids were 31.9%, 27.7% and 12.5% higher than the base fluid, at 3.5 GPM flow rate and at 1% volume concentration of nanoparticles.
Mathivanan, ElankathiravanGasior, DavidLiu, LipingYee, KingmanLi, Yawen
Robust 1D Modelling for Automotive HVAC Warmup Prediction Using DFSS Approach2017-01-01793/28/2017
In an automotive air-conditioning (AC) system, the heater system plays a major role during winter condition to provide passenger comforts as well as to clear windshield defogging and defrost. In order to meet the customer satisfaction the heater system shall be tested physically in severe cold conditions to meet the objective performance in wind tunnel and also subjective performance in cold weather regions by conducting on road trials. This performance test is conducted in later stage of the program development, since the prototype or tooled up parts will not be available at initial program stage. The significance of conducting the virtual simulation is to predict the performance of the HVAC (Heating ventilating air-conditioning) system at early design stage. In this paper the development of 1D (One dimensional) model with floor duct systems and vehicle cabin model is studied to predict the performance. Analysis is carried out using commercial 1D simulation tool KULI®. All the simulation parameter which affects the correlation process has been studied carefully by using DFSS (Design for six sigma) methodology. L18 orthogonal array developed to understand the influence of each simulation parameters. Data analysis is carried out from DFSS study output and identified the importance of each simulation parameters which is being adjusted for correlation. This methodology helps to predicts accurately for any change in the HVAC heater systems circuit components like heater core, heater core inlet coolant flows, heater core inlet coolant temperatures, heater core airflow etc. This study enhances to reduce the number of physical tests, prototypes and cost involved in it.
Sambandan, SaravananValencia, ManuelS, Sathish Kumar
Current Harmonics, Torque Ripple and Whine Noise of Electric Machine in Electrified Vehicle Applications2017-01-12263/28/2017
Noise and Vibration (NVH) characteristic of an electric machine (e-Machine) is the outcome of complex interaction between source level disturbances and the surrounding structure to which the e-Machine is attached. Key e-Machine metrics that objectively quantify source level disturbance include torque ripple and radial electro-magnetic forces. These disturbances can radiate directly from the e-Machine housing (air-borne component) and also can be transmitted through the structural attachments like stator bolts, stator ring, powertrain mounts etc. (structure-borne component). In the e-machine driven by PWM switching inverter, current is not perfectly sinusoidal but contain different level of harmonics. Current harmonics impact Torque ripple, which in turn would translate into undesirable noise and vibration. There is very limited literature referencing the influence of current harmonics on torque ripple and e-machine NVH. This paper specifically addresses the impact of current harmonics on the 6th and 12th electrical orders of the torque ripple and relevant e-Machine whine noise employing statistical correlation & regression analysis based on the data sets acquired from dynamometer testing and finite element based CAE calculations.
Chandrasekhar, NuraniTang, ChunLimsuwan, NateeHetrick, JoelKrizan, JacobMa, ZhichunWu, Wei
Modeling and Simulation of Compression Molding Process for Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) of Chopped Carbon Fiber Composites2017-01-02283/28/2017
Compression molded SMC composed of chopped carbon fiber and resin polymer which balances the mechanical performance and manufacturing cost presents a promising solution for vehicle lightweight strategy. However, the performance of the SMC molded parts highly depends on the compression molding process and local microstructure, which greatly increases the cost for the part level performance testing and elongates the design cycle. ICME (Integrated Computational Material Engineering) approaches are thus necessary tools to reduce the number of experiments required during part design and speed up the deployment of the SMC materials. As the fundamental stage of the ICME workflow, commercial software packages for SMC compression molding exist yet remain not fully validated especially for chopped fiber systems. In the present study, SMC plaques are prepared through compression molding process. The corresponding simulation models are built in Autodesk Moldflow with the same part geometry and processing conditions as in the molding tests. The output variables of the compression molding simulations, including press force history and fiber orientation of the part, are compared with experimental data. Influence of the processing conditions to the fiber orientation of the SMC plaque is also discussed. It is found that generally Autodesk Moldflow can achieve a good simulation of the compression molding process for chopped carbon fiber SMC, yet quantitative discrepancies still remain between predicted variables and experimental results.
Li, YangXu, HongyiDahl, JeffreyZeng, DanielleSu, XumingMirdamadi, MansourChen, Zhangxing
This Recommended Practice can apply to both Original Equipment Manufacturer and Aftermarket route-guidance and navigation system functions for passenger vehicles. The methods apply only to the presentation of visual information and the use of manual control inputs to accomplish a navigation or route guidance task. They do not apply to visual monitoring tasks which do not require a manual control input, such as route following. Voice-activated controls or passenger operation of controls are also excluded.
Driver Metrics, Performance, Behaviors and States Committee
In this paper, a method is proposed to determine the flight envelope limitations for steady forward flight with the purpose of performing a flight envelope expansion. First, the rotary wing system is analyzed. In this paper, an intermeshing rotor configuration, a SwissDrones Dragon 50, is used to demonstrate the approach. Next, relevant limitations of the forward flight are reviewed and analyzed with the help of the Helicopter Overall Simulation Tool (HOST). From this analysis, relevant measurement concepts are derived and consequently measurement parameters are defined. Following, a flight test instrumentation is developed including a small-scale rotor telemetry. This instrumentation is tested in flight test. The corresponding flight test program is briefly discussed. It consists of tethered hover flight and a level flight performance test. The results of these flight tests are discussed and used to determine the flight performance limitations encountered.
Voigt, AndreasDauer, JohannKrenik, AlexDittrich, Joerg
This scope is from the XML edited in CMS.
Starter Battery Standards Committee
Application Study of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Model for Dynamic Behavior of Suspension Arm Bushing2016-01-13754/5/2016
Ride quality is an important purchasing consideration for consumers. It is typically defined in terms of noise, vibration and harshness. These phenomena are a result of vibrations caused at the engine/powertrain and from the road surface, which are transmitted to the passenger cabin. To minimize such vibrations, rubber parts are used extensively at mounting points for the cabin, such as engine mountings and suspension bushings. The vehicle development process increasingly requires performance testing, including rubber parts using CAE, prior to prototype evaluation. This in turn requires a rubber material model that can accurately describe dynamic characteristics of rubber components, particularly frequency and amplitude dependency. Conventional rubber models using commercially available structural analysis solvers cannot solve for both frequency and amplitude dependency at the same time, and are unable to predict transient phenomena such as harshness that involve inputs of varying amplitude. The authors have proposed a new rubber material model that is able to reproduce both frequency and amplitude dependency simultaneously, based on the rubber material model developed by Simo, J.C. [1]. Previous studies have demonstrated the accuracy of the new model under quasi-static and harmonic input conditions. Actual vehicle evaluation involves several input directions, with simultaneous translational and rotational inputs that are transient. In this paper, the new rubber material model is applied to a suspension arm bushing to confirm bushing force when subjected to complex inputs. The model was shown to predict bushing stiffness with greater accuracy and therefore was validated.
Ueda, MasahiroIto, SatoshiSuzuki, Daichi
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