Browse Topic: Crashworthiness

Items (39)

The Effects of Front-Mounted Accessories on Air Bag Sensors and Crashworthiness

J2431_201910 (Current)10/09/2019

Almost all light trucks now are being manufactured with at least a driver side air bag and all will have dual air bags by 1998. The driving forces behind this feature are occupant safety, federal regulations, and competition in the industry. Along with the booming popularity of pickups and SUVs, they are commonly accessorized with a wide variety of products. Many accessories for four-wheel drives in particular are mounted on the front of the vehicle. These products include grille/brush guards, winches, snow plows, replacement bumpers, bicycle carriers, etc. Concerns have arisen over the compatibility of these accessories with the vehicle’s air bag system. The vehicle manufacturers are concerned because of their huge investment in design and crash test verification of the complete vehicle system and keen awareness of the federal regulations. The crushability of the front bumper and supporting structure are key elements in the system, so alterations to that area become logical concerns

Motor Vehicle Council

Safety Testing for AVs is Just Beginning

19AVEP03_0903/01/2019

There is much work to be done in creating accurate, reliable tests for occupant crashworthiness tailored to new AV designs and seating configurations. NHTSA's plan to eventually update its New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) with new crash-test protocols is good news for both consumers and the mobility safety-systems industry. A revised NCAP will likely feature enhanced occupant safety testing as well as testing of active-safety features such as adaptive cruise control and automatic braking. It's also a positive step for autonomous vehicle (AV) developers. Studies show U.S. consumers are still resistant to the idea of self-driving cars, and such testing will provide the public with assurances that these vehicles are safe. This should serve to “warm up” consumers to the idea of a world with AVs, boosting demand and paving the way for an increasingly safer mobility future.

O'Connor, Christopher

Effects of AHSS Sheared Edge Conditions on Crash Energy Absorption in Component Bend Test

2018-01-011304/03/2018

Edge fracture of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) can occur in both the stamping process and the crash event. Fracture due to poor sheared edge conditions in the stamping process was reduced with a recently developed optimal shearing process for AHSS. Currently, the improvement in the energy absorption due to the improved edge condition during crashes performed under different loading conditions had not been closely verified. The purpose of this study is to design and build a miniature component of AHSS and a three-point bending test for investigating the influence of various conditions of the sheared edge on the energy absorption in crashes. AHSS including DP600, TRIP780, DP980 and DP1180 were selected in the study. A small channel component was developed and fabricated using DP980 to simulate key features of the B-pillar. The exposed non-constrained, as-sheared edge was subject to stretch bending forces in three-dimensional space during the three-point bending test. Two bottom

Shih, Hua-Chu, Chen, Guofei

Analyses on Mechanical Properties of the Cylindrical Double-V Micro-Structure

2018-01-011804/03/2018

The double-V micro-structures (DVMS) are a type of auxetic materials showing the negative Poisson’s ratio which can contract under compression different from the conventional materials. Due to the unique properties, it can have higher stiffness and better impact resistance with lightweight. In this paper, a cylindrical honeycomb tube based on the double-V unit cell is proposed. Firstly, the nominal Poisson’s ration and Young’s modulus in the longitudinal and circumferential directions are derived analytically. The effect of the geometry parameters of the DVMS tube on the mechanical properties is studied thoroughly. Also, the effect of the width in the radial direction on these mechanical properties is analyzed. Secondly, the finite element (FE) method is utilized to obtain the numerical solutions and verify the accuracy of the analytical solutions. The results show that there is a good agreement between the results obtained by the two methods when the width is smaller enough. With the

Gao, Qiang, wang, Yuanlong, Ma, Zheng-Dong, Zhong, Hong

Uncertainty Optimization of Thin-walled Beam Crashworthiness Based on Approximate Model with Step Encryption Technology

2016-01-040404/05/2016

Crashworthiness is one of the most important performances of vehicles, and the front rails are the main crash energy absorption parts during the frontal crashing process. In this paper, the front rail was simplified to a thin-walled beam with a cross section of single-hat which was made of steel and aluminum. And the two boards of it were connected by riveting without rivets. In order to optimize its crashworthiness, the thickness (t), radius (R) and the rivet spacing (d) were selected as three design variables, and its specific energy absorption was the objective while the average impact force was the constraint. Considering the error of manufacturing and measurements, the parameters σs and Et of the steel were selected as the uncertainty variables to improve the design reliability. The algorithm IP-GA and the approximate model-RBF (Radial Basis Function) were applied in this nonlinear uncertainty optimization. In order to improve the accuracy of the RBF model, a new step-encryption

Du, Qianqian

Fracture Prediction for Automotive Bodies Using a Ductile Fracture Criterion and a Strain-Dependent Anisotropy Model

2015-01-056704/14/2015

In order to reduce automobile body weight and improve crashworthiness, the use of high-strength steels has increased greatly in recent years. An optimal combination of both crash safety performance and lightweight structure has been a major challenge in automobile body engineering. In this study, the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion was applied to predict the fracture of high-strength steels. Marciniak-type biaxial stretching tests for high-strength steels were performed to measure the material constant of the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion. Furthermore, in order to improve the simulation accuracy, local anisotropic parameters based on the plastic strain (strain dependent model of anisotropy) were measured using the digital image grid method and were incorporated into Hill's anisotropic yield condition by the authors. In order to confirm the validity of the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion, uniaxial tensile tests were performed. It was found that the accuracy of the

Takada, Kenji, Sato, Kentaro, Ma, Ninshu

Simulation Fidelity Improvement of H350 Lower Tibia Indices

2015-01-057804/14/2015

Finite element dummy models have been more and more widely applied in virtual development of occupant protection systems across the automotive industry due to their predictive capabilities. H350 dyna dummy model [1] is a finite element representation of the Hybrid III male dummy [2], which is designed to represent the average of the United States adult male population. Lower extremity injuries continue to occur in front crash accidents despite increasing improvement of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant restraint system. It is therefore desirable to predict lower tibia injury numbers in front occupant simulations. Though lower tibia loading/index predictions are not studied as much as the FMVSS 208 regulated injury numbers, the tibia indices are injury criteria that need to be assessed during IIHS and Euro NCAP frontal offset occupant simulations. However during front crash simulations, it is very difficult to achieve good correlations or predictions of lower tibia loadings. A common

Li, Wei, Cheng, Yi-Pen, Furton, Lisa

The Front Center Airbag

2013-01-115604/08/2013

General Motors and the Takata Corporation have worked together to bring to production a new, industry first technology called the Front Center Airbag which is being implemented on General Motors' 2013 Midsize Crossover Vehicles. This paper reviews field data, describes the hardware, and presents occupant test data to demonstrate in-position performance in far side impacts. The Front Center Airbag is an airbag that mounts to the inboard side of the driver front seat. It has a tubular cushion structure, and it deploys between the front seating positions in far side impacts, near side impacts and rollovers, with the cushion positioning itself adjacent the driver occupant's head and torso. This paper includes pictures of the technology along with a basic description of the design. In-position occupant performance is also described and illustrated with several examples. Single occupant and two front occupant far side impact test data are included, both with and without the airbag present

Thomas, Scott D., Wiik, Richard A., Brown, Jacqueline E.

Structural Optimization of Thin-Walled Tubular Structures for Progressive Buckling Using Compliant Mechanism Approach

2013-01-065804/08/2013

This investigation introduces a methodology to design dynamically crushed thin-walled tubular structures for crashworthiness applications. Due to their low cost, high-energy absorption efficiency, and capacity to withstand long strokes, thin-walled tubular structures are extensively used in the automotive industry. Tubular structures subjected to impact loading may undergo three modes of deformation: progressive crushing/buckling, dynamic plastic buckling, and global bending or Euler-type buckling. Of these, progressive buckling is the most desirable mode of collapse because it leads to a desirable deformation characteristic, low peak reaction force, and higher energy absorption efficiency. Progressive buckling is generally observed under pure axial loading; however, during an actual crash event, tubular structures are often subjected to oblique impact loads in which Euler-type buckling is the dominating mode of deformation. This undesired behavior severely reduces the energy

Shinde, Satyajeet, Bandi, Punit, Detwiler, Duane, Tovar, Andres

Validation of Sled Tests for Far-Side Occupant Kinematics Using MADYMO

2010-01-116004/12/2010

Far-side occupants are not addressed in current government regulations around the world even though they account for up to 40% of occupant HARM in side impact crashes. Consequently, there are very few crash tests with far-side dummies available to researchers. Sled tests are frequently used to replicate the dynamic conditions of a full-scale crash test in a controlled setting. However, in far-side crashes the complexity of the occupant kinematics is increased by the longer duration of the motion and by the increased rotation of the vehicle. The successful duplication of occupant motion in these crashes confirms that a sled test is an effective, cost-efficient means of testing and developing far-side occupant restraints or injury countermeasures. Previous work by these authors analyzed 9 crash modes that represent 44% of the total far-side occupant crash exposure and account for 56% of all MAIS3+ far-side injured occupants in the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data

Cuadrado, Joseph, Smyth, Brian, Smith, James, Digges, Kennerly

Frontal Crash Protection in Pre-1998 Vehicles versus 1998 and Later Vehicles

2010-01-014204/12/2010

This investigation addresses and evaluates: (1) belted drivers in frontal crashes; (2) crashes divided into low, medium, and high severity; (3) air-bag-equipped passenger vehicles separated into either model years 1985 - 1997 (with airbags) or model years 1998 - 2008; (4) rate of Harm as a function of crash severity and vehicle model year; and (5) injury patterns associated with injured body regions and the involved physical components, by vehicle model year. Comparisons are made between the injury patterns related to drivers seated in vehicles manufactured before 1998 and those manufactured 1998 or later. The purpose of this comparative analysis is to establish how driver injury patterns may have changed as a result of the introduction of more recent safety belt technology, advanced airbags, or structural changes. More recent years of NASS/CDS have meant that additional 1998+ model year vehicles were available for analysis, and there were almost equal number of frontal crashes

Scullion, Paul, Morgan, Richard M., Digges, Kennerly H., Kan, Cing-Dao

Ambulance Vehicle Crashworthiness and Passive Safety Design: A Comparative Evaluation

2008-01-269510/07/2008

Ambulances are largely exempt from crashworthiness and occupant protection passive safety design standards in the USA, and have a poor road safety record. This comparative evaluation of USA ‘concept safety’ ambulances and a standard Australian ambulance is based on basic principles of crashworthiness and available crash test data. There are features of USA ambulance design that are not within known principles and technical aspects of crashworthiness and safety design, and include some predictable serious occupant protection hazards. The USA ambulance industry should recognize and apply crashworthiness and occupant protection principles to reduce current system failures for this fleet of essential service vehicles.

Levick, Nadine, Grzebieta, Raphael

A Frontal Impact Taxonomy for USA Field Data

2008-01-052604/14/2008

An eight-group taxonomy was created to classify real-world frontal crashes from the Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) component of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). Three steps were taken to develop the taxonomy: (1) frontal-impact towaway crashes were identified by examining 1985-2005 model year light passenger vehicles with Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) data from the 1995-2005 calendar years of NASS; (2) case reviews, engineering judgments, and categorization assessments were conducted on these data to produce the eight-group taxonomy; and (3) two subsets of the NASS dataset were analyzed to assess the consistency of the resulting taxonomic-group frequencies. “Full-engagement” and “Offset” crashes were the most frequent crash types, each contributing approximately 33% to the total. The group identified as “D, Y, Z No-Rail” was the most over-represented crash type for vehicles with at least one seriously-injured occupant. However, that group represented only

Sullivan, Kaye, Henry, Scott, Laituri, Tony R.

Rollover Dynamics: An Exploration of the Fundamentals

2008-01-017204/14/2008

Research focusing on automotive rollovers has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years. Substantial effort has been directed toward the evaluation of rollover resistance. Issues related to crashworthiness, such as roof strength and restraint performance, have also received a great deal of attention. Much less research effort has been directed toward a more detailed study of the rollover dynamics from point-of-trip to point-of-rest. The reconstruction of rollover crashes often requires a thorough examination of the events taking place between point-of-trip and point-of-rest. Increasing demands are placed on reconstructionists to provide greater levels of detail regarding the roll sequence. Examples include, but are not limited to, roll rates at the quarter-roll level, CG trajectory (horizontal and vertical), roll angle at impact, and ground contact velocity. Often the detail that can be provided in a rollover reconstruction is limited by a lack of physical evidence. However

Carter, Jarrod W., Luepke, Peter, Henry, Kevin C., Germane, Geoff J., Smith, James W.

Automotive Engineering International 2006-03-01

AUTOMAR0603/01/2006

Hybridization gathers momentum Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles continue to grow in popularity, with many incremental advances coming from Japanese OEMs and suppliers. Broadening telematics' reach More infotainment options pose many challenges. Nano goes macro While nanotechnology deals with materials at the minutest of levels, the auto industry has grand plans for its use in a multitude of areas. The transformation of testing Software is helping physical tests produce more accurate results more efficiently. Advancing crashworthiness simulation BMW worked closely with software developers at ABAQUS to produce a customized solution for virtual product development. Low-cost latitude Contrary to popular belief, 'low cost' does not automatically mean 'Chinese.' SAE 2006 World Congress Preview Toyota and host company BMW join Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler for a record number of OEMs on the floor at the April 3-6 event.

SAE Occupant Protection & Crashworthiness

OPDEMO03/08/2005

Thank you for your interest in the SAE Occupant Protection & Crashworthiness Technology Collection. This demo gives you an overview of the functionality of the product, illustrating the search interaction and the navigational features. You'll want to try a few searches so you can become familiar with the look and feel of the product and the navigational tools it offers. Please note: this demo does NOT provide you with the content of the product. It contains only one document to show you how you can link from the document summary to the full-text PDF. For information on the content of the product, please see the SAE website. You will be asked to login to the SAE Website before accessing the demo. This will require you to register as a new user if you do not already have an SAE Website account. Click on the following link to access the demo: If you have any questions, please e-mail CustomerService@sae.org or call 1-724-776-4970. You may also be interested in: Accident Reconstruction

Important Considerations in the Development of a Test to Promote Stable Bumper Engagement in Low-Speed Crashes

2004-01-131903/08/2004

Nolan, Joseph M., Brumbelow, Matthew, Zuby, David S., Avery, Matthew

Structural Reinforcements for Automotive Applications

2003-01-033003/03/2003

The use of adhesively bonded localized reinforcements is a relatively new concept in the automotive industry. Although use of this reinforcement method is in its early stages, these reinforcements are now used for a variety of applications in the automotive industry for improvements in crash worthiness, fatigue resistance, and NVH characteristics. This approach can provide relatively fast, easy, non-intrusive, and cost effective solutions for OEM's when compared to traditional reinforcement methods. Also, overall weight can be reduced simultaneously since the reinforcement is placed only where needed instead of filling an entire section with foam or changing the metal thickness along an entire body member. Materials and concepts have been developed that can be used to improve the structural stiffness and the resulting NVH performance of the vehicle. This paper will discuss the use of localized reinforcements including materials, applications, and potential uses and benefits.

Carlson, David, Czaplicki, Michael, Riley, Jon

Evaluation of the effect of air bags in multi-year light truck NCAP tests

2001-06-009506/04/2001

The New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) has evaluated the crashworthiness of numerous vehicles since 1979. Each year selected models were frontally crashed at 35 mph into a fixed barrier. Due to increased interest by the public in vehicle safety as part of their car-buying decisions, NHTSA has recently undertaken an expanded program of consumer information on vehicle safety issues. As part of this program, an analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of light-truck driver air bags to reduce the risk of severe injury as measured by the head and chest injury responses of selected NCAP tests. The light trucks tested most frequently were analyzed to obtain reliable estimates of air bag effectiveness. The vehicles were tested with all the restraints available on that model, which in the case of the early years were safety belts, and in the latter years were a combination of safety belts and air bags. Analysis of NCAP data for multi-tested vehicle models for the period 1979 through

Berkowitz, Alan

Improved safety for drivers and couriers of coaches

2001-06-013806/04/2001

According to general accidents statistics a coach is the safest means of transportation with respect to fatalities per billion traveler kilometers. Reasons for this include the existing regulations related to coach safety and the self-regulation of the coach building industry. Most passive safety standards are, however, more related to the safety of the passengers and less to the safety of driver and courier. Their typical position at the front of the coach and the fact that most heavy structural parts of the coach are behind their position in the coach, make the driver and courier vulnerable in case of a frontal collision. The injury risk in specific frontal collisions can be reduced by applying crash technology within the front structure of the coach. By redesign and reorganizing the structure and the packaging underneath the driver and courier, the kinetic energy developed in a typical coach-to- trailerback collision can be absorbed whilst maintaining a survival space for driver and

de Coo, Peter, Hazelebach, Rene, van Oorschot, Eric, Wessels, Jaap

PROGRESS OF PASSIVE SAFETY IN CAR-TO-CAR FRONTAL COLLISIONS: RESULTS FROM REAL-LIFE CRASH ANALYSES AND FROM CRASH TESTS

2001-06-019806/04/2001

The progress of passive safety in car-to-car frontal collisions can be seen very clearly from the results of crash tests with old and new car models. The published federal accident statistics show an overall effort in passive safety, which is obvious by decreasing figures of killed and severely injured car occupants per year on German roads. But it is not possible to exclusively focus on car crashes with frontal collisions because the characteristics investigated in official statistics are not detailed enough. Therefore additional in-depth studies are necessary. The paper shows results of car-to-car and car-to-barrier frontal impacts for old and new car models. Some results of evaluations using the federal German statistics show historical trends in a more general view. Interdisciplinary real-life crash studies are focused on car-to-car frontal collisions. Results of connecting assessments using vehicle deformation index (VDI), energy equivalent speed (EES), velocity change (delta-v

Berg, F. Alexander, Rücker, Peter, Niewöhner, Walter, Miltner, Erich, Stein, Kirsten Marion

Old car crash test program

2001-06-018006/04/2001

Older vehicles do not have to meet the same safety standards that modern cars are required to meet. This paper presents some observations about the structural and safety performance of older vehicles in the frontal offset crash test conducted by the Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP), the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and EuroNCAP for consumer information. Some comparisons of the safety performance between new and old vehicles in offset crash tests are made. The test results were analyzed to determine the various factors that contribute making a vehicle crashworthy. The newer vehicles generally scored better than the older vehicles. The results inform consumers about differences in safety features between new and old vehicles.

Haley, Jack, Bonney, Vanessa

Comparative analysis of several vehicle safety rating systems

2001-06-003006/04/2001

The paper examines the application of six vehicle safety rating systems to a common crash database, for the purpose of making a comparison of the rating results produced by each system and to develop an understanding of the differences which emerge. The rating results are compared based on rank order of crashworthiness of vehicle models, and relationships between each pair of results. Finally, the results with their respective confidence limits are used to classify each vehicle model as having inferior, not defined or superior crashworthiness, and the classification is used to compare the relative discrimination of the methods.

Cameron, Max, Narayan, Sanjeev, Newstead, Stuart, Ernvall, Timo, Laine, Vesa, Langwieder, Klaus

Composite-Fuselage Concept for Greater Crashworthiness

TBMG-3003111/01/1999

A continuing program of research is directed toward the development of crashworthy composite-material fuselages for small aircraft. These fuselages are required not only to withstand flight loads and exhibit the required aerodynamic characteristics, but also to protect occupants during crashes more effectively than do conventional fuselages. The design goal for protection against crashes is to limit loads applied to occupants to survivable levels in vertical impacts onto rigid surfaces at a speed of 31 ft/s (9.4 m/s). This vertical impact speed exceeds that specified in current regulatory criteria for small aircraft, but it is a realistic, potentially survivable, impact velocity that has been observed in crashes and in crash tests performed at Langley Research Center.

Car Crash Simulation Studies using Explicit Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

99005701/13/1999

The paper describes simulation of frontal barrier impact of a car body shell structure for crashworthiness analysis using non linear explicit finite element package LS-DYNA3D. Predicted overall collapse modes of different structural component viz.apron, side rails etc. are in a good agreement with published results and also to some extent with experimental results. In this paper crash analysis of above car structure with crash guard is simulated using LS-DYNA3D and comparative analysis of crash behaviour of car structure in the presence of crashguard is shown to indicate its possible role on crash behaviour of a vehicle.

Gadekar, G. B., Athavale, Swati M., Sajanpawar, P. R.

Method to Predict the Energy Absorption Rate Characteristics for a Structural Member

98238809/29/1998

The rate of energy absorption during the plastic deformation of structural components is an important factor in the design of automotive safety systems such as chassis crumple zones. This paper describes a design tool for predicting energy absorption characteristics. The tool was based on measurements of the energy absorption rates of twenty-three selected materials subjected to three impact energy conditions. A well-established finite element code, LS-DYNA3D, was used with a mesh representing a hollow column of square cross-section to establish a database of energy absorption characteristics. A mathematical model representing the energy absorption rates was determined and the material properties most influencing the energy absorption rates were identified. A parabolic model best represented the energy absorption charactersitics. The regression coefficients for the model were determined for all tested materials under the selected test conditions. In this study, the most influential

Anderson, Beth, Ziejewski, Mariusz, Goettler, Hans

Integration of Chassis Frame Forming Analysis into Performance Models to More Accurately Evaluate Crashworthiness

98055102/23/1998

For Body on Frame vehicles, the chassis truck frame absorbs approximately 70% of the kinetic energy created from a frontal impact. Traditional performance analysis of the chassis utilizes standardized material properties for the Finite Element (FE) Model. These steel properties do not reflect any strain hardening effects that occur during the forming process. This paper proposes a process that integrates the frame side rail forming analysis results into the FE crash model. The process was implemented on one platform at Ford Motor Company to quantify the effects. The forming analysis provided material thinout, yield strength, and tensile strength which were input into the performance model. With the modified properties, the frame deceleration pulse and buckling mode exhibited different characteristics. The integration of CAE disciplines is the next step in increasing the predictability of analytical tools.

Kundrick, Ken, Kaufman, Mark, Gaines, David, Liu, Sheng-Dong

Heavy Truck Crashworthiness - Phase I

CRP-00903/01/1995

This research report evaluates heavy truck crashworthiness, with the goal of using information to improve truck-occupant protection. Contents include: Cluster Analysis; In Depth Study of Accident Scenarios; and Selection of Scenarios and Crash Components for Development of Crash Pulse.

Developing Side Impact Crashworthiness Through Advanced Experimental Techniques

95106402/01/1995

A new technique for evaluating side impact crashworthiness has been developed. The system employs two sleds running on one track, the striking sled carries a deformable barrier face, whilst the struck sled supports a trimmed body-in-white with ATDs. A full vehicle is not required. The system mounts to a standard HyGe reverse acceleration sled facility, the only additional equipment required being the two sleds. The technique has proved to be repeatable and representative of legislative tests, making it extremely useful during vehicle development and providing significant benefits in terms of reduced development time and cost.

Stephens, V. M., Cory, G., Hopton, J. R.

Improving Vectorization of a Crash worthiness Code

89198509/01/1989

Crashworthiness programs to simulate frontal impact of a full vehicle structure into a rigid barrier can require 20 to 30 CPU hours on a single processor of a CRAY X-MP. Any techniques which significantly diminish that time enable engineers to produce economical crash simulations which can, in turn, reduce the necessary physical crashes which often can cost between $50,000 and $750,000 per test on a prototype vehicle. The focus of this paper is on a technique which can improve the vectorization of crashworthiness codes and thereby cut the CPU time for full car crash simulations as well as for structural subassembly problems. The technique involves sorting shell and solid elements by rearranging them by material properties first into separate sets and then by rearranging each material set into subsets of disconnected elements. By so doing, certain Fortran DO loops which dominate CPU activity can be vectorized and thus speed up code execution. Examples are given with an explicit

Ginsberg, Myron, Katnik, Richard B.

Five Years of New Car Assessment Program - Balance and Current Conclusions

85607201/01/1985

In 1972, the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act assigned to the Department of Transportation the mission of evaluating methods designed to yield a determination of a vehicle's damage susceptibility, degree of crashworthiness and ease of diagnosis and repair. Crashworthiness was defined as the protection a passenger vehicle affords its passengers against personal injury or death as a result of a motor vehicle accident. In 1978, NHTSA established a rating system for application to automobiles. The testing began on 1979 vehicles. The data of six years of tests has been acquired. The results of the New Car Assessment Program are reviewed

Provensal, J., Hartemann, F., Tarriere, C.

Discerning the State of Crashworthiness in the Accident Experience

85606901/01/1985

This paper addresses the risks of occupant casualties in highway accidents. Such risks are determined from U.S. accident experience in the past 10 years. Risks are analyzed as a function of vehicle type, car market class, make, nameplate, and model year for crashes of various impact types and various severities. Both absolute risks, per unit exposure, and relative risks are addressed. The influence of many exposure variables is examined and necessary adjustments, to a common set of exposure conditions, are made. The control variables for this purpose are: calendar year and car age; occupant's seating position, restraint status, and age; time and place of travel; and various roadway characteristics. Adjusted risks are reviewed versus major characteristics of cars as implied by make, nameplate, and model year. Occupant ejections and rollovers receive special attention due to their risk sensitivity to car class

Malliaris, A. C.

Volvo Side Impact Testing

85608401/01/1985

The improvement of side impact protection is today a major concern to the crashworthiness community. A prerequisite for making this development possible is the establishment of a common side impact test method, representative of several traffic environments. Volvo has made a study aimed at determining the suitability of a moving barrier test as a tool for the development of side impact protection. Traffic accident data from car-to-car accidents have been used as reference to full-scale tests. Certain test parameters have been varied to find out if an improved correlation is possible between real-world accidents and laboratory collision. To further understand the interaction between the occupant and the car structure, sled testing has been used as a complement. The conclusion of the study is that a suitable side impact test method is a moving deformable barrier (MDB) impacting in a 90° noncrabbed configuration. A good resemblance to real-life accidents is achieved with a CCMC MDB76

Nilsson, Mats, Andersson, Kjell, Korner, Johnny, Nilsson-Ehle, Anna

Status Report of the United States - 1985

85600101/01/1985

The report reviews the United States safety environment since 1982. The focus on safety belt legislation and drunk driving awareness has decreased accident fatalities. Key areas outlined include crashworthiness research, side and frontal protection, biomechanics, airbags, crash avoidance research, lighting and visibility, heavy duty vehicle research, handling and stability, vehicle safety standards and international harmonization of motor vehicle safety standards.

Finkelstein, Michael M.

Some Analytical Crashworthiness Studies of Automobile Front Structures

73061202/01/1973

This paper presents an analytical study of the crashworthiness of automobile front structures. The unique features of the automobile structural crashworthiness which must be evaluated in a manner separate from that of other dynamic response problems are described. Using a computer program, studies were undertaken on a Model 2D2 automobile colliding with barriers at various speeds. Displacement and deceleration results correlated reasonably well with full-scale tests. This analysis has generated interest in studies with a three-dimensional structure which are currently underway.

Shieh, Rong-chung

The Japanese Technical Presentation - Summary of Toyota Esv Development

73601201/01/1973

This paper describes the results of development and evaluation of the Toyota ESV prototypes. Baking, steering, handling, and visibility are outlined. Crash injury reduction, structural crashworthiness and occupant protection requirements are included. The Toyota ESV is equipped with a newly developed, high performance service brake system composed of dual-circuit, four wheel discs, anti- skid systems and hydraulic booster.

Kawano, Jiro

Outline of Toyota Esv Program

72604101/01/1972

Toyota Motor Company has been endeavoring to make technological progress in the field of vehicle safety, and we have made up our minds to build a Toyota ESV prototype in cooperation with the ESV project of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Japanese Government. Crashworthiness is the major purpose in the Toyota ESV design. Toyota will work to attain current ESV specification and contribute to accident avoidance specifications.

Hasegawa, Tatsuo

ACCIDENT SURVIVAL - AIRPLANE AND PASSENGER CAR

52001601/01/1952

De HAVEN, HUGH

Understanding and Supporting Aircraft Accident Investigation and Reconstruction

C1143

This two-day seminar will begin with basic investigative philosophies and procedures. The instructor will then guide participants through various basic data gathering methods that cover specific types of accident investigations, which include human factors, crashworthiness, fire and explosions, in-flight breakups, and mid-air collisions. Presentations are based on actual accidents and real-life investigation experiences and AAI case studies are integrated throughout the course to provide participants the knowledge required to effectively support aircraft accident and wreckage reconstruction.

Knutson, Donald

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