Browse Topic: Parking assistance

Items (37)
Find
Single Radar: A Robust and Cost-Effective Solution for ADAS and Parking functionality2026-26-0049To be published on 01/16/2026
With rapid advancements in Autonomous Driving (AD) & Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), numerous sensors are integrated in vehicles to achieve higher and reliable level of autonomy. Due to the growing number of sensors and its fusion creates complex architecture which causes challenges in calibration, cost, and system reliability. Considering the need for further ADAS advancements and addressing the challenges, this paper evaluates a novel solution called One Radar - a single radar system with a wide field of view enabled by advanced antenna design. Placing the One Radar at the rear of the vehicle eliminates the need for corner radars and ultrasonic sensors used for parking assistance. With rigorous real-world testing in different urban and low-speed scenarios, the One Radar solution showed comparable accuracy in object detection with warning and parking assistance to the conventional combination of corner radars and ultrasonic sensors. The simple single sensor-based
Anandan, Ram, Sharma, Akash
EVOLUTION OF 360 DEGREE LOCAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (LSA) TO AID THE WARFIGHTER2024-01-345111/15/2024
ABSTRACT Northrop Grumman has developed a software and hardware solution to provide enhanced 360 degree local situational awareness (LSA) to enable the warfighter with an overmatch capability on today’s modern battlefield. The architecture exploits technological gains in cameras, video processing, and video compression. The approach allows rapid comprehension of local and remote situational views presented with operational relevance for a ground combat platform or tactical wheeled platform crew. The 360 Degree LSA approach provides direct visualization of relative positioning of targets, threats, and lines of fire; and additionally offers common situational understanding / operational picture from the dismounted soldier to higher echelon commands. The approach provides prioritized information through LSA software to provide an enhanced view to the warfighter whereas the squad leader becomes an integral part of the crew with a view of the common operating picture (mounted) and
Viscovich, Christopher, Geoghegan, Susan, Worthy, David
"Objectifying Visual Perception for Automotive Screens through Vibration Targets"2025-01-004305/05/2023
New mobility concepts with smart infrastructure have led to enhanced customer driving experience. The potential to develop safe cars with minimal driver intervention is a great need of the future. The cusp for fully autonomous driving has produced much technical talk, which has led to faster transition and adoption. One of the features that global OEMs have tried to focus on, is Human Machine Interface (HMI) solutions, popularly called display screens. The touchscreen HMIs are common in all mid-range budget cars. They offer driver support beyond just streaming music, including inputs for navigation, parking assistance, in-car technologies, ADAS, and infotainment. Poor display screen visibility is a phenomenon observed when a vehicle is driven over different road surfaces. This paper presents a user-centric approach for the right design & development of the HMI for a vibration free driving experience. The mounting strategies for the display screens, from the existing projects were
ADIL, MD SHAHZAD, C M, MITHUN, Mohammed, Riyazuddin, R, Prasath
A Semantic Slam System Based on Visual-Inertial Information and around View Images for Underground Parking Lot2021-01-007804/06/2021
As one of the most challenging driving tasks, parking is a common but particularly troublesome problem in large cities. Recently, an excellent solution-automated valet parking (AVP) has become a hot research topic, which allows the driver to leave the vehicle in a drop-off area, while the vehicle driving into the parking slot by itself. For AVP, the precise localization is an indispensable module. However, the global positioning system (GPS) cannot be used in the underground parking lot and the localization method based on lidar is too expensive. In response to solve this problem, we propose a simultaneous localization and mapping system with the semantic information of parking slots (PS-SLAM), which is based on visual-inertial and around view images. First, the calibration of multi-sensors is conducted to obtain their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In this way, the around view image and transformation matrices between sensors can be acquired. Then, the ORB-SLAM3 based on visual
LI, Wei, Li, Chaohui, Xiao, Dongjie, Zhou, Dong, Wang, Tao, Cao, Libo
Path Planning Algorithm of Automatic Perpendicular Parking in Constrained Parking Space2021-01-091104/06/2021
This article focuses on the implementation of a perpendicular parking assistance and more precisely, the path planner of the perpendicular parking. An iterative algorithm is adopted consisting of two steps. Firstly, whether the vehicle can reverse or drive park into the desired slot in one maneuver is checked. Secondly, a sequence of backward and forward moving is implemented from the original position, until the vehicle reaches a configuration of states from which it can be pulled into the parking slot. In both steps, the constraints of parking space and vehicle dynamics are considered. Simulation examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed path planning strategy are presented.
Ye, Fei, Lu, Hui, Qi, Cheng
A Digital Forensic Method to Detect Object based Video Forgery Security Attacks on Surround View ADAS Camera System2021-01-014604/06/2021
The present and futuristic surround view camera systems provide the bird-eye’s view of the driving environment to the driver through a real-time video feed in the digital cockpit infotainment display, which assists the driver in maneuvering, parking, lane changing by performing object detection, object tracking, maneuver estimation, blind spot detection, lane detection, etc., The functional safety of this surround view camera system is gets compromised, if it fails to alert the driver, when truly obstacles are present in the nearby driving environment of the vehicle, or if it alerts the driver when no obstacles are present in the nearby driving environment. This malfunctioning of surround view driver assistance system is due to integrity compromisation through cyberattacks, where attackers forge the displayed video data on the infotainment system, which has external world connectivity. This passive spatial tampering is performed by modifying the actual surround view real-time video
S M, Sarala, Karki, Maya
CES 2021: GM creates BrightDrop electrified delivery and logistics company21AUTP02_0902/01/2021
During her CES 2021 keynote in January, GM Chairman and CEO Mary Barra announced the creation of a new logistics company called BrightDrop. The new business will create an ecosystem of electrified products, software and services for first-to-last-mile delivery. This includes EPI, a new electric pallet to shuttle packages, as well as a new commercial delivery truck based on GM's Ultium battery platform, the EV600. The first customer of the new business will be FedEx Express. According to GM, BrightDrop's electrified solutions were created to help businesses reduce costs, maximize productivity, improve employee and freight security and support sustainability efforts. The EP1 pallet will be available in early 2021 and the EV600 light commercial vehicle (LCV) is expected to be on the road by late 2021. The EV600 is GM's first commercial application of its Ultium battery platform and the truck will feature both Level-2 and DC fast-charging capabilities.
Seredynski, Paul
New SAE wireless charging standard is EV game-changer20AUTP11_0611/01/2020
SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle- and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 [https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/], helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical
Shuttleworth, Jennifer
Editorial20AVEP07_0107/01/2020
For me, the June 19 announcement from Mercedes-Benz and the BMW Group that the two German powerhouses are placing their automated-driving joint-development program “on hold” pretty much closed the book on the irrational exuberance era of autonomous-vehicle hype. The projected economic ramifications of COVID-19 are only capping off a wave of reality that was sweeping through the AV development world. Anybody with sense always knew the runway was suspiciously short for wide swaths of AV investment and development. The inevitable cash desert coming in COVID's wake simply made the industry's famously venture capital-driven optimism undeniable.
Visnic, Bill
Perceptions of Two Unique Lane Centering Systems: An FOT Interview Analysis2020-01-010804/14/2020
The goal of this interview analysis was to explore and document the perceptions of two unique lane centering systems (S90’s Pilot Assist and CT6’s Super Cruise). Both systems offer a similar type of functionality (adaptive cruise control and lane centering), but have significantly different design philosophies and HMI (Human-Machine Interface) implementations. Twenty-four drivers drove one of the two vehicle models for a month as part of a field operational test (FOT) study. Upon vehicle return, drivers took part in a 60-minute semi-structured interview covering their perceptions of the vehicle’s various advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Transcripts of the interviews were coded by two researchers, who tagged each statement with relevant system and perception code labels. For analysis, the perception codes were grouped into larger thematic bins of safety, comfort, driver attention, and system performance. Perceptions of adaptive cruise control (ACC) were similar across vehicles
Landry, Steven, Seppelt, Bobbie, Russo, Luca, Mehler, Bruce, Angell, Linda, Gershon, Pnina, Reimer, Bryan
A Path Planning and Model Predictive Control for Automatic Parking System2020-01-012104/14/2020
With the increasing number of urban cars, parking has become the primary problem that people face in daily life. Therefore, many scholars have studied the automatic parking system. In the existing research, most of the path planning methods use the combined path of arc and straight line. In this method, the path curvature is not continuous, which indirectly leads to the low accuracy of path tracking. The parking path designed using the fifth-order polynomial is continuous, but its curvature is too large to meet the steering constraints in some cases. In this paper, a continuous-curvature parking path is proposed. The parking path tracker based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is designed under the constraints of the control accuracy and vehicle steering. Firstly, in order to make the curvature of the parking path continuous, this paper superimposes the fifth-order polynomial with the sigmoid function, and the curve obtained has the continuous and relatively small curvature
Meng, Xiangxi, Wu, Jian, He, Rui, Zhu, Bing, Zhao, Jian
Seeing with Sound Next-Level Ultrasonic Sensors for Intelligent CarsTBMG-3637404/01/2020
Towards High Accuracy Parking Slot Detection for Automated Valet Parking System2019-01-506111/04/2019
Highly accurate parking slot detection methods are crucial for Automated Valet Parking (AVP) systems, to meet their demanding safety and functional requirements. While previous efforts have mostly focused on the algorithms’ capabilities to detect different types of slots under varying conditions, i.e. the detection rate, their accuracy has received little attention at this time. This paper highlights the importance of trustworthy slot detection methods, which address both the detection rate and the detection accuracy. To achieve this goal, an accurate slot detection method and a reliable ground-truth slot measurement method have been proposed in this paper. First, based on a 2D laser range finder, datapoints of obstacle vehicles on both sides of a slot have been collected and preprocessed. Second, the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm has been improved to efficiently cluster these unevenly-distributed datapoints. After that, the Random
Yang, Qinghua, Chen, Hui, Su, Junzhe, Li, Jie
The Sense-itive Side of Autonomous Vehicles19AVEP07_0707/01/2019
BASF is exploring how specific materials-and even paint colors and finishes-can improve the capabilities of AV sensors. The sensing technologies needed for automated-driving vehicles are evolving as the industry moves toward high-level (SAE Level 4-5) automation. Sophisticated sensors already enable advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) features such as adaptive cruise control, park assist, lane-centering and others. But in order to meet the needs of high-level and conditional autonomy, sensors themselves need a technology-assist. Materials-science specialist BASF is enhancing the understanding of what materials may aid the sensing equation.
Buchholz, Kami
A Topological Map-Based Path Coordination Strategy for Autonomous Parking2019-01-069104/02/2019
This paper proposed a path coordination strategy for autonomous parking based on independently designed parking lot topological map. The strategy merges two types of paths at the three stages of path planning, to determinate mode switching timing between low-speed automated driving and automated parking. Firstly, based on the principle that parking spaces should be parallel or vertical to a corresponding path, a topological parking lot map is designed by using the point cloud data collected by LiDAR sensor. This map is consist of road node coordinates, adjacent matrix and parking space information. Secondly, the direction and lateral distance of the parking space to the last node of global path are used to decide parking type and direction at parking planning stage. Finally, the parking space node is used to connect global path and parking path at path coordination stage. After optimizing nodes and smoothing path utilizing a fourth-degree polar-polynomial function, those two types of
Wang, Yongsheng, Jiang, Fachao, Luo, Yugong, Qi, Yunlong, Kong, Weiwei, Yang, E-chuan
Compound-Lens Camera for Industry and SmartphonesTBMG-3338412/01/2018
A process has been developed that enables the production of a 2-mm flat camera. The lens is partitioned into 135 tiny facets, similar to the eyes of an insect. The facetVISION camera is suitable for use in the automotive and printing industries, in medical engineering, and in smartphones.
2021-12-29.TEST Development of Autonomous Driving System Using GNSS and High Definition Map2018-01-003604/03/2018
Recently, development of vehicle control system targeting Full Driving Automation (autonomous driving level 5) has advanced. Some applications of autonomous driving systems like the Lane Keeping Assist system (LKA) and Auto Lane Change system (ALC) (autonomous driving level 1-3) have been put on the market. However, the conventional system using information from front camera, it is difficult to operate in some situations. For example the road that no line, large curvature and number of lane increases or decreases. We propose an autonomous driving system using high accuracy vehicle position estimation technology and a high definition map. An LKA system calculates the target steering wheel angle based on both vehicle position information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the target lane of high the definition map, according to the method of front gaze driver model. Then, the system controls steering the wheel angle by Electric Power Steering (EPS). In the case of ALC
Takeuchi, Yu, Hideyuki, Tanaka, Kazuo, Hitosugi, Tomoki, Uno
Product Line Engineering for Basic Software of Automotive Embedded Systems2018-01-145704/03/2018
In the early 1980s, an oxygen sensor was applied to improve the fuel efficiency of automotive embedded systems. Currently, the complexity of software development has being increased due to the emergence of various requirements and the electronic control devices to ensure the safety and convenience of the driver. The high-performance hardware embedded in the ECU is a big issue for the automobile industry. OEMs, TIERs, tool providers, and the others are aiming at a variety of unit reusability, including software and hardware, based on the plug-and-play architecture concept. It is enhancing the quality attributes (safety, performance, real-time) of various perspectives. Furthermore, international standard process (ISO 26262, A-SPICE) does not provide a direct methodology for dealing with requirements refinement procedures, standard specification methods, and traceability of extracts. Although the area of the conventional basic software, which is the other area excluding the application in
Park, Joonhyun, Han, SeonMi
Advancing toward driverless cars18MEIP03_0103/01/2018
Autonomous-driving technology is set to revolutionize the auto industry. But getting to a true “driverless” future will be an iterative process based on merging numerous individual innovations. One of the most prominent recent developments in the automotive industry is the introduction of autonomous “driverless” technology, which is sure to create a revolution in the transportation sector. Although it remains early in the development and commercialization process, several factors can be identified for consideration before adopting driverless technology. An autonomous vehicle (widely referred to as a “driverless” vehicle, “self-driving” vehicle or “robotic” or “robo” vehicle) can sense its environment and navigate without human input. Many types of autonomous vehicles are being developed by nearly every major automaker, but as of early 2017, automated cars permitted on public roads were not yet fully autonomous: they all require a human driver at the wheel who is ready at a moment's
3D Auditory Displays for Parking Assistance Systems2017-01-962704/11/2017
The objective of this study was to investigate if 3D auditory displays could be used to enhance parking assistance systems (PAS). Objective measurements and estimations of workload were used to assess the benefits of different 3D auditory displays. In today’s cars, PAS normally use a visual display together with simple sound signals to inform drivers of obstacles in close proximity. These systems rely heavily on the visual display, as the sound does not provide information about obstacles' location. This may cause the driver to lose focus on the surroundings and reduce situational awareness. Two user studies (during summer and winter) were conducted to compare three different systems. The baseline system corresponded to a system normally found in today’s cars. The other systems were designed with a 3D auditory display, conveying information of where obstacles were located through sound. A visual display was also available. Both normal parking and parallel parking was conducted. Time
Lundkvist, André, Johnsson, Roger, Nykänen, Arne, Stridfelt, Jakob
Smart On-Street Parking System to Predict Parking Occupancy and Provide a Routing Strategy Using Cloud-Based Analytics2017-01-008703/28/2017
It is estimated that up to 30% of traffic in cities is due to drivers searching for parking. Research suggests that drivers spend an average of 6-14 minutes looking for an available space in London. This increases individual stress levels as well as congestion and pollution. Parking Guidance Systems provide an effective way to reduce parking search time by presenting drivers with dynamic information on parking. An accurate prediction and recommendation analytics algorithm is the key part of the system combining real time cloud-based analytics and historical data trends that can be integrated into a smart parking user application. This paper develops a prediction algorithm based on transient queuing theory and Laplace transform to predict parking occupancy thus predicting open parking locations.
Ma, Jiaqi, Clausing, Erin, Liu, Yimin
Autonomous Driving — In a ‘Flash’TBMG-2647503/01/2017
By combining CMOS technology with avalanche photodiodes, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS (Duisburg, Germany) have developed a potentially cost-effective sensor prototype that aims to support driverless car applications. The “Flash LiDAR” could play a valuable role alongside the cameras, radars, and other components within autonomous vehicles.
Control for a Comfortable Ride in Reverse Driving with an Automated Parking System2016-01-012204/05/2016
In a system with which acceleration and braking by the driver are automated, a gap against the system can be felt when the timing of acceleration or deceleration is different from that intended by the driver or the extent of acceleration or deceleration exceeds an acceptable limit. For an automated system, it is important to realize a control that provides comfort and a sense of security for the driver. This paper is related to the technology that secures the ride comfort felt by the driver (comfort and a sense of security) within an appropriate range and presents a discussion of the technological means to improve the ride comfort from a viewpoint particularly related to longitudinal direction.
Yoshikawa, Tatsuya, Takahiko, Aoyagi, Ishiguro, Hiroshi
An Estimation Method of Vehicle Position for Automated Driving with GNSS2016-01-016604/05/2016
Accuracy of positioning with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) has been improved in recent years. Especially in Japan, high accuracy GNSS service, QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System), will start in 2018 and the first QZS, “MICHIBIKI” has been already launched. They will broadcast correction data which enhances GNSS performance and realize cm-order positioning. In this paper, we, Mitsubishi Electric develop the estimation algorithm of vehicle position and attitude and also adapt the algorithm to a test vehicle which can trace automatically the calculated path with EPS (Electric Power Steering) and high accuracy GNSS. Although the GNSS receiver calculates the longitude and latitude of the vehicle every second, it is not enough to control vehicle dynamics smoothly. So we estimate vehicle position and attitude of the vehicle with GNSS and vehicle sensors in high frequency. Using them, we calculate the target path as cubic function from road dot sequence in a body fixed coordinate
Kitano, Hiroaki, Kazuo, Hitosugi, Tanaka, Hideyuki
Vehicle Perimeter Monitoring using Minimum Number of Sensors during Parking Maneuver2015-01-030904/14/2015
Parking assist systems have become very common in current vehicles. The purpose of such a system is to assist the driver to park the vehicle without collision. The sensors serve as eyes of the driver during parking maneuver by sensing any obstacle in the path. The parking sensors, typically ultrasonic sensors, are mounted on front and rear of vehicle to assist the driver to park the vehicle. Thus, such a system can cover only the front and rear portion of the vehicle and is unable to cover the side portions of the vehicle. This paper proposes a novel method to monitor the perimeter of a vehicle while parking using minimum sensors placed at strategic locations. A local map of the parking area is generated using data from sensors which helps in identifying static obstacles. The map is constantly updated in real time during parking. The algorithm ascertains that the entire perimeter of the vehicle is protected from impending collisions in real time. The algorithm takes into account
Chatterjee, Mayurika, Rao, Atchyuta, Rajguru, Chaitanya
Speed Control of Parking Assist System for Electrified Vehicle2015-01-031604/14/2015
Parking assist systems which relieve burden of drivers have been put into practice in the world. Mitsubishi Electric has also been developing several technologies to realize the system, where our products such as sonar (ultrasonic sensor), electric power steering (EPS), a motor, and an inverter are used. In the parking assist system, peripheral environment of the vehicle in a parking lot is detected with our sonar sensors and determine whether or not there is a parking space available. Estimation of the position and the attitude of the vehicle is also carried out. On the basis of the detection and the estimation, a smooth and efficient path to drive and park the vehicle is generated with an optimization technique. In particular, this paper focuses on a drive control for electrified vehicles to track the reference trajectory at a desired speed given from the assist system. Taking advantages of features of the motor, which has high-speed responses and generates precise and large torque
Yokoyama, Kazuto, Iezawa, Masahiro, Akashi, Yohei, Satake, Toshihide, Akemi, Yukiyasu, Inoue, Satoru, Suzuki, Ryotaro
Screens, cameras provide new look in cabs14MEIP12_0412/01/2014
Video inputs are another option showing up on displays that increasingly offer touch control. Liquid crystal displays have rapidly gone from limited usage to mainstream, transforming human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Video images are being added to the diverse list of functions for these displays, which are also becoming input devices as touch technology gains acceptance. Diversity is one of the key reasons displays are becoming a mainstay in HMI strategies. This versatility means that ease of use is a focal point for design teams.
Costlow, Terry
Screens, cameras provide new look in cabs14OFHP09_0209/01/2014
Video inputs are another option showing up on displays that increasingly offer touch control. Liquid crystal displays have rapidly gone from limited usage to mainstream, transforming human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Video images are being added to the diverse list of functions for these displays, which are also becoming input devices as touch technology gains acceptance. Diversity is one of the key reasons displays are becoming a mainstay in HMI strategies. This versatility means that ease of use is a focal point for design teams.
Costlow, Terry
Vision Based Driver Alert System2012-01-048104/16/2012
Vision based systems using cameras are widely used in various industry verticals. The basic functionality of a vision system is to detect an object and then recognize it. In current automotive industry these systems are being used in applications like collision avoidance, intelligent cruise control, blind spot detection, parking assistance, identify pedestrians, etc. During driving conditions, 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler drivers are required to concentrate more on the road because of which they may tend to miss the traffic signs; more often during night times. The traffic signs can be one way, U-turn, right/left turn prohibited, bump ahead and etc. So there is a need for a system which detects, recognizes and intimates these signs to the driver. Extensive research is being carried out in the area of recognizing a traffic sign, but more focused research is done for a complex problem of detecting the sign in the real world environment. The proposed image processing algorithm for detection of
Kumar C, Sunil, Srinivasaiah, Bhavani, Dhinagar, Jabez
Integrated Sensor System Framework for Enhanced Vehicle Safety2011-28-003710/06/2011
With improvements in electronics and integrated safety systems, modern day cars are much safer than their predecessors. Unfortunately, cost is a very strong driving factor, when it comes to installation of a multitude of these safety systems on mid and low-segment cars. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated system of sensors that are strategically arranged around a car in order to provide safety at a reasonable cost. This generic framework of sensors would assist the driver under various driving scenarios like collision warning (forward and rear), overtake assist, parallel parking assist and adaptive cruise control. An invention disclosure has been filed with the Patent Cooperation Treaty for this work [8].
Kutty, Krishnan K., Vaidya, Vinay G., Soni, Vijay, Joshi, Atul K.
Development of a Long-Range Ultrasonic Sensor for Automotive Application2008-01-091004/14/2008
In recent years, short-range sensors like stereo cameras, radar and infrared cameras have become essential components of safety systems and user-friendly convenience systems, such as pre-crash safety or parking assist systems. However, they are generally too expensive to implement on lower-end vehicles. On the other hand, a conventional backup-assistance sonar has a very small coverage area, but it is more cost effective than the above-mentioned sensors. This paper proposes an effective method to increase the range of detection of conventional sensor with the help of a pseudo-Wigner distribution-based likelihood function. The reflected wave detected by maximizing the p-WD-based likelihood function with respect to the parameter related to the time delay. This method is verified in actual experiment and the maximum detection range was found to be extended by about 2.5 times beyond that of the conventional approach.
Kamemura, Takafumi, Takagi, Hideo, Pal, Chinmoy, Ohsumi, Akira
GM re-engineers pickupsAUTOOCT06_0410/01/2006
More refined ride, higher-quality interiors, and greater efficiency are some of the highlights of the 2007 models. General Motors' completely redesigned 2007 Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups are dramatically improved in virtually every area. Interiors have moved many steps upscale. Cabs are quieter. Ergonomics, ride dynamics, and safety are improved. There's class-leading hauling and towing capability. GM is also touting them as the first full-size pickups capable of delivering more than 300 hp (224 kW) with better than 20 mpg fuel efficiency.
Brooke, Lindsay
Driver Performance Research Regarding Systems for Use While Backing2006-01-198203/01/2006
General Motors has pursued research to develop systems intended to assist drivers in recognizing people or objects behind them when they are backing, and this paper summarizes results from this research. We are currently working with ultrasonic rear parking assist systems, rear radar backing warning systems, and rear camera systems, which are briefly described and their utility for assisting drivers in recognizing people or objects behind them discussed. Our research on driver performance with a prototype long range backing warning system found that audible and visual warning combinations may not be effective in warning distracted drivers about unexpected objects. Driver expectancy is thought to play a significant role in this result. However, further research found drivers were more likely to notice an unexpected obstacle behind their vehicle with a prototype rear view video camera system compared to ultrasonic rear parking assist and trials that had no system. These results suggest
Green, Charles A., Deering, Richard K.
Rearview Camera Based Parking Assist System with Voice Guidance2002-01-075903/04/2002
A newly developed parking assist system, which is based on rear view camera, is disclosed. System features include ‘parallel parking aid’ with voice guidance message along with several guidelines superimposed onto the rear view camera image. Voice guide message helps driver understand appropriate timing for each procedure of parallel parking. The system was designed to let driver follow the system by voice message rather than visual guide information through the screen for safety reason. The guide algorism is designed under ‘two turns’ parking maneuvers so that required longitudinal parking space becomes minimal. A key development of this system, which is to design the guide algorism to avoid collision to adjacent vehicle during parallel parking operation, is also discussed in this paper. User can select either ‘parallel guide’ or ‘normal (such as garage parking)’ mode through touch screen switch on display surface. Wide field of view color camera gives sufficient viewing area for
Hiramatsu, Shoji, Hibi, Akihito, Tanaka, Yu, Kakinami, Toshiaki, Iwata, Yoshifumi, Nakamura, Masahiko
The Driving Need for Human Factors in the Car of the Future2000-01-307508/21/2000
The car of the future will be very different from that which we know today - no longer just a mechanical transportation device, but a mobile communications and entertainment platform providing many new functions and services to the occupants. The use of cellular telephones whilst driving is already a source of major concern and further legislation regarding phone usage will undoubtedly be forthcoming. The future will also add display based navigation, internet access, e-commerce and other location dependent services which will increase the drivers cognitive load. We will also see driver assistance systems such as adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance warnings and vision enhancement systems which will change the driving task and could potentially reduce cognitive load almost to the level of autopilot monitoring. As the nature of the in-vehicle activity therefore evolves from being a perceptual-motor driving task to that of a communications and vigilance task (set against a
Wheatley, David J.
Lock Actuator Parkbrake - A New Concept in Disc Brake Parking Mechanisms87025702/01/1987
A new integral disc brake with an automatically adjusted parking mechanism has been developed which is based on the principle of a collar locking onto a shaft under an eccentric load. This mechanism is inherently self-adjusting and load insensitive. The resultant caliper offers good bleedability, serviceability, reliability, efficiency and flexibility to chassis designers.
Wang, N.
Traditional Design and New Developments in Lever Technology85077904/01/1985
Design technologies of traditional parking brake levers will be presented as a foreground for discussion of recent technological advances. The features and advantages of these advances in the area of lever adjustment will be explained.
Hooton, Bill
Items per page:
1 – 37 of 37