Browse Topic: Durability

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Durability Validation of Full Vehicle Structures Using Strain Correlation and RLDA-Based Simulations2026-26-05231/16/2026
Durability validation of full vehicle structures is crucial to ensure long-term performance and structural integrity under real-world loading conditions. Accurate strain correlation between physical testing and finite element (FE) simulations plays a key role in the validation, ensuring reliable predictions of vehicle durability. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for strain correlation on a full vehicle subjected to torture track testing is implemented. Strategic placement of strain gauges is determined through a combination of static analysis, modal analysis, and identification of critical stress regions in the FE model. Strain gauges were installed on key structural locations of a prototype to capture strain responses under severe loading environments. Simultaneously, vehicle wheel loads were recorded on the torture track to build a detailed Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) dataset at critical hard points, Loads measured in terms of wheel loads (WFT) are fed to MBD model to
JAJU, MAYUR, Dokhale, Sandeep, Gadre, Nilesh, Patil, Sanjay
Enhanced Methodologies for predicting Automotive Wheel Bearing life and damage using RLDA2026-26-04821/16/2026
The durability of wheel bearings is assessed in terms of raceway life and flange life. Raceway life focuses on the performance and damage tolerance of rolling elements, while flange life evaluates the structural integrity of wheel flanges under operational stresses. Traditionally, durability predictions relied on conventional design methods and analytic formulas for raceway spalling, as well as static load assumptions for flange fatigue analysis. Recently, integrating design of experiments (DOE) with traditional approaches has enhanced these methods, enabling systematic evaluation of design variables and loading conditions. This paper introduces a methodology for analysing raceway life and damage in automotive wheel bearings using RLDA (Road Load Data Acquisition) data. The process involves acquiring raw deterministic load data, filtering it to preserve high-peaked signals, and transforming the filtered data into block cycles derived from load time histories. Each block cycle contains
Narendra, Vishwanath, Mane, Yogiraj, Paua, Ketan, Singh, Ram Krishnan, Vellandi, Vikraman
Predictive Simulation Framework for Tyre Curb Impact Durability Assessment and Design Optimization2026-26-03961/16/2026
Tyre structural durability validation is a critical aspect of automotive design, considering the worsening road conditions. One of the key validation tests for assessing structural integrity is the curb impact test, which evaluates the tyre's ability to withstand sudden and concentrated impacts. Typically, this process involves physical testing of preliminary tyre samples, followed by iterative modifications to the tyre's construction to meet durability requirements. However, this approach often compromises ride performance, necessitating a more efficient and predictive methodology. To address this challenge, a frugal simulation-based prediction methodology has been developed to evaluate tyre curb impact durability before vehicle-level testing. This allows for the optimization of tyre design parameters early in the development process, ensuring structural performance while minimizing ride and handling (R&H) tuning iterations. By reducing the number of iterations, the methodology
Sundaramoorthy, Ragasruoban, LENKA., VISWESWARA
Automated evaluation of drive file simulation accuracy2026-26-05281/16/2026
In the area of structural durability testing using servo-hydraulic actuators, developing drive files for the actuators is a major step. Testing outcomes depend on ensuring the simulation accuracy of each drive file. These drive files are developed in an iterative process for different test track surfaces at different road and load combinations till the time we achieve better correlation. Evaluation of simulation accuracy of the drive files is an extensive manual review process, making it time-consuming and resource-intensive. To address this challenge, an application has been developed to automate the comparison of actuator signals with predefined target signal files. This tool enables quick and accurate analysis of each drive file in a test run, facilitating a comprehensive review of signal deviations. Each test run has thousands of drive files based on road-load mix and actuator settings. This application helped us significantly optimize the simulation workflow by reducing the manual
SONI, YASH, Katake, Vrishali, Mullapudi, Dattatreyudu, Chaskar, Mithun
Simulation-Driven Load Spectrum Prediction_ Virtual RLDA for Chassis and Suspension System2026-26-00951/16/2026
In the rapidly evolving and highly competitive automotive industry, manufacturers are under immense pressure to bring products to market quickly while meeting customer expectations. As a result, optimizing the product development timeline has become essential. Structural integrity analysis for chassis and suspension systems lies in the accurate acquisition of operational load spectra, conventionally executed through Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) on instrumented vehicles subjected to proving ground excitation. At this point, RLDA is mainly used for final validation and fine-tuning. If any performance shortfalls, such as premature component failure or durability issues, are discovered, they often trigger design revisions, prototype rework, and additional testing This study proposes a Virtual Road Load Data Acquisition (vRLDA) methodology employing a high-fidelity full-vehicle multibody dynamic (MBD) representation developed in Adams Car. The system is parameterized and uses high
Goli, Naga Aswani Kumar, PRASAD, TEJ PRATAP
Accelerating Product Development Life Cycle through Digitalization of Fatigue Life for Structural Components2026-26-04961/16/2026
In today’s competitive market, accelerating product development without compromising durability is critical. Durability is a key benchmark for assessing the quality and reliability of automotive products. To meet rising customer expectations and regulatory demands, the industry must develop vehicles that offer high performance and reduced weight while ensuring safety. A well-engineered vehicle must retain structural integrity and functionality under normal operating conditions and withstand extreme load events without critical failure. Achieving this requires effective Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA), integrated with robust design practices and efficient validation processes. However, physical RLDA is time-consuming and costly, as it depends on prototype vehicles that are often available only in the later development stages. Failures identified during these late-stage tests can delay the product launch significantly. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a digital
Kokare, Sanjay, Dwivedi, Sushil, Siddiqui, Arshad, Iqbal, Shoaib
Evaluation of Shear Trim Edge in HSLA Steel for Automotive Application2026-26-02861/16/2026
Quality of the Shear Trimmed edge of HSLA 550 steels is significantly affected by process variations such as Shear Trimming Clearance, trim tolerance, burr height and clamping force. All these parameters largely influence the characteristics of the Shear Affected Zone, a region on sheet metal where it undergoes deformation during the trimming process. The Shear Affected Zone is predominantly vulnerable to failure due to work hardening and the effects of strain rate, induced by the tonnage during the trimming operation. To assess the edge ductility of these materials, Tensile, Fatigue Strength, Die Punch Clearance, Roughness and Hardness Tests are carried out. These tests are crucial for applications that demand high formability and resistance to edge failure. Virtual simulation of edge trimming operation using elastoplastic material models in LS-Dyna have been performed to gain insights into burr formation and damage evolution during shearing. These simulations act as a precursor to
Thota, Badri Vishal, Kashyap, Amit, Bhuvangiri, Jaydev
Tailgate Stiffness Mitigation and Engineering Strategy for Y-to-Y Tailgate-Mounted Tail Lamp Integration2026-26-04941/16/2026
The tailgate, as the rearmost vehicle opening, plays a pivotal role in defining the rear aesthetic theme while ensuring structural durability and maximizing luggage space. Contemporary automotive design trends highlight an increasing demand for Y-to-Y tailgate-mounted tail lamp configurations, which deliver a bold and dynamic visual appeal. Enhanced by animated lighting features, these designs cater to the preferences of Gen Z customers, becoming a decisive factor in purchasing decisions. However, integrating these complex tail lamp structures introduces significant engineering challenges, including increased X-dimension volume, reduced design space, and intricate mounting schemes constrained by stamping limitations. These factors necessitate the development of innovative joinery strategies and structural definitions to maintain durability targets, including achieving 25,000–30,000 slam cycles without failure, while preserving luggage space. This paper explores a comprehensive approach
Beryl, Joshua, Mohanty, Abhinab, Unadkat, Siddharth, Selvan, Veera
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine µPVT TestJ2490_202511 (Current)11/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, which may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a µPVT Test for the evaluation of the variation of wet friction system performance as a function of speed, temperature, and pressure. This procedure is intended as a standard for both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction materialb. Fluidc. Reaction platesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of this test. If any of the test parameters or system hardware as described in
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine 6000 rpm Stepped Power TestJ2488_202511 (Current)11/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a 6000 rpm stepped power test for the evaluation of wet friction system performance variation as a function of power level. This procedure uses an initial engagement speed of 6000 rpm and is intended as a standard procedure for common use by both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction materialb. Fluidc. Reaction platesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of using this test
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine 3600 rpm Stepped Power TestJ2487_202511 (Current)11/21/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a 3600 rpm Stepped Power Test for the evaluation of wet friction system performance variation as a function of power level. This procedure uses an initial engagement speed of 3600 rpm and is intended as a standard procedure for common use by both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction Materialb. Fluidc. Reaction PlatesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of using this test
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing ApplicationsTBMG-5216412/1/2024
Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.
A research work to develop an e-Axle generic DVP for the Indian Market complying with Indian and International standards2024-26-01181/16/2024
The electric vehicle market of India has very high growth potential in the coming years, and several automotive manufacturers, including Tier-1 suppliers, are looking to take part in this growth phase. The electric powertrains used in e-cars on Indian roads comply with BIS and AIS standards, but these standards alone do not give much clarity on the complete list of tests required to develop an e-Axle through all stages of development. A major challenge for OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers is to develop the e-Axle in-house for the Indian market, which will play a significant role in overall profitability at high volumes in the long run. Compliance with BIS and AIS standards alone will not be enough to meet the development requirements of an e-axle because a comprehensive list of the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Traceable requirements of any e-Axle are fulfilled through Performance, Functional, Durability, and Robustness categories of tests. This paper presents a study of
Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Vaither, G V N Selvavindhan
Virtual design validation of innovative High Ground Clearance Tractor kit2024-26-00661/16/2024
An agricultural tractor is often modified for special farming applications such as horticulture where the standard design is not suitable or accessible. In such cases farm equipment manufacturers are demanded a frugal and cost effect Engineered farming solutions. One such design is the innovative High Ground Clearance Tractor (HGCT) kit offered to increase the Tractor height without damaging the crop. In this paper, author proposes a durability assessment method to evaluate the HGCT kit attachments to meet the durability criteria. Road load data acquisition is done to measure the acceleration and strain levels for various horticulture operations such as tillage, spraying and transportation. Actual operating conditions are simulated with the help of four poster durability setup inside the lab which helps to reduce the field testing for design iterations. Multi-body dynamics simulation (MBS) is used to front load the four poster lab testing in virtual and extract the loads on component
Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, Nizampatnam, Balaramakrishna, A, Gokila, Kumar, Yuvaraj, Jaiswal, Sunny, Perumal, Solairaj, Redkar, Dinesh, Arun, G, Londhe, Abhijit, Mani, Suresh, Natarajan, Saravanan
Dynamic durability prediction of fuel cells using Long short-term memory neural network2022-01-08373/29/2022
Durability performance prediction is a critical issue in fuel cell research. During the demonstration operation of fuel cell commercial vehicles in China, this issue has attracted more attention. In this article, the long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN), which is an improved recurrent neural network (RNN), and the demonstration operation data are used to establish the prediction model to predict the durability performance of fuel cell stack. Then, a model based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is established to be a control group. The demonstration operation data is divided into training group and validation group. The former is used to train the prediction model, and the latter is used to verify the validity and accuracy of the prediction model. The outputs of the prediction model, as the durability performance evaluation indexes of fuel cell, are the polarization curve (current-voltage curve) and the voltage decay curve (time-voltage curve). Moreover, mean absolute
Ma, Liying, Peng, Suhang, Zhong, Minghui, Li, Wenqi, Jiang, Changlong, Pan, Xiangmin
Integrated Evaluation of Constant Amplitude Life Tests Towards SN Curves and Endurance Limit 2022-01-03003/29/2022
Establishing SN curves from constant amplitude life tests and locating the endurance limit are indispensable tasks in durability engineering. For both regimes, finite life and endurance limit, there are many approaches available, like linear regression or maximum likelihood. Especially on low load levels, tests may run very long and one may suspend them before failure. Especially the stair case method for evaluating the endurance limit systematically produces almost 50 percent suspended results. Hence, when data for both regimes is available, those run-outs need to be considered in a statistically proper way. If both regimes are evaluated separately it is often ambiguous if a single observations may be used for estimating the endurance limit or for the finite life re-gime. In this paper, we present an integrated approach, for simultaneous evaluation of both regimes. Every single ob-servation is mapped to one of the regimes with certain probabilities. Even more general, our model
Feth, Sascha
A study on editing method of road load spectrum of automobile rubber isolator using time-frequency domain methods2022-01-03143/29/2022
In order to enhance the efficiency of durability testing of automobile parts, a time-frequency domain accelerated editing method of road load spectrum of rubber mount on powertrain was discussed. Based on Stockwell Transform (ST) method and Accumulative Power Spectral Density (APSD), a new time-frequency domain accelerated editing method (ST-APSD) was proposed. The accumulative power spectral density was obtained by ST of the load spectrum signal of automobile powertrain rubber mounting force which is acquired by the real vehicle in the test field. Based on the accumulative power spectral density, the threshold value was proposed to identify and delete the small damage load fragments, and then the acceleration spectrum was obtained. At the same time, the already existed time-frequency domain accelerated editing methods (short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform) were used to edit the force load spectrum to shorten the length of the spectrum, and the editing effects of the
Zhu, Xijun, Shi, Wei, Qian, Xuepeng, Wang , Fei
The Study of Time-frequency Domain Accelerated Editing Method for Road Load Spectrum of Automobile Rubber Isolator2022-01-07383/29/2022
In order to improve the efficiency of durability testing of automobile parts, a time-frequency domain accelerated editing method of road load spectrum of rubber mount on powertrain was discussed. Based on Stockwell Transform (ST) theory and Accumulative Power Spectral Density (APSD), a new time-frequency domain accelerated editing method (ST-APSD) was proposed. The accumulative power spectral density was obtained by ST of the load spectrum signal of automobile powertrain rubber mounting force collected by the real vehicle in the test field. Based on this, the threshold value was set to identify and delete the small damage load fragments, and the acceleration spectrum was obtained. At the same time, the existing time-frequency domain accelerated editing methods (short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform) were used to accelerate the editing of the force load spectrum, and the editing effects of the three time-frequency domain editing methods were compared and analyzed from four
Zhu, Xijun
Development of a Built-in Type Dashboard Camera with Reliability and Usability 2022-01-01203/29/2022
Dashcam, which is considered essential parts of vehicles in Korea, are installed in most vehicles for reasons such as accidents, evidence of threatened driving of other vehicles, and insurance premiums. Aftermarket dashcam have been developed with many improvements such as higher resolution camera and LCD application, but still have problems in usability and durability. The first problem is a separate device mounted on the top of the windshield, which obstructs the driver's view and may injure the driver due to a collision impact. In addition, the connection of the power supply may cause a vehicle breakdown such as a fire due to a worker's mistake or a product defect. Secondly, in order to view the stored video, it is troublesome to remove the SD card and check it on the computer. Moreover, since the LCD is so small, it is difficult to search and play the desired video from the list in many saved files. The third problem is durability and reliability, when operating in the high
Jeong, DongHyuk
Investigation and Resolution of Gear Slippage Issue in Manual North-South Transmission2020-01-22479/15/2020
Gearbox and driveline durability is always been a sensitive subject from both end user and manufacturer’s point of view. Since powertrain is heart of vehicle, naturally it is expected to long last and perform satisfactorily for the entire vehicle life. Sometimes the driveline aggregates especially gearbox might face some issues because of various factors, but this is distinctively noted by the driver since it is one of the important touch point of the vehicle. The gear slippage is a very typical phenomenon observed in automotive gearbox. The issue of gear slippage is very sensitive because it leads to compromising safety of the driver, also it deteriorates gear shift quality and thereby performance of the vehicle. Generally, gear slippage is not observed during end of line testing or during early kilometers of vehicle. It is observed after some thousand kilometers, that to initially gear slippage is not observed consistently and that’s why it is difficult to identify at early stage. It
Deshmane, Santosh C, Gurav, Onkar P., Gangvekar, Onkar
Silicone Compound, NATO Code Number S-736AS8660A (Current)9/14/2020
This specification covers one type of a nonmelting, heat stable silicone compound for use in high tension electrical connections, ignition systems and electronics equipment; for application to unpainted mating threaded or non-threaded surfaces, and as a lubricant for components fabricated from rubber. This compound is effective in the temperature range from -54°C (-65°F) to +204°C (+400°F) for extended periods and to 260°C (500°F) for short periods. This compound is identified by NATO symbol S-736 (see 6.5).
AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
Designing Battery Packs for Harsh Environment Mission-Critical Devices20AERP06_016/1/2020
Many portable military electronic devices are used in extreme environments and are designed to comply with the MIL-STD-810 environmental test specification. The device and battery pack need to survive high or cold temperatures, shock or vibration, or even submersion underwater. Typical devices include handheld radios, laptops and personal protection equipment. Battery packs in these devices serve a critical role, as in most cases, they are the sole source of power. The energy density in these packs is typically as high as possible, given the space available, to maximize device run times. This intensifies the need to control and protect the stored energy where a failure could result in catastrophic events such as thermal runaway. This article presents design considerations and techniques for designing and manufacturing a battery pack that operates in extreme temperatures, absorbs shock and vibration, and maintains a watertight seal.
Ruggedizing Coaxial and Fiber Optic Cable Assemblies from Mechanical Strain20AERP04_024/1/2020
From fiber optics to coaxial cables, common failure points in harsh environments call for various augmentations to enhance an interconnect's operational lifetime. These modifications can range from the addition of armoring for crush/impact resistance to optimizing cable jacketing material for resistance to chemical/oil ingress. Mechanical strain is often a cause for premature failures of interconnects. Understanding the reasoning and methods behind ruggedizing commonly leveraged interconnects such as fiber optic and coaxial cables can be enlightening.
Rugged Network File ServersTBMG-351179/1/2019
Ampex Data Systems Hayward, CA 650-367-2011
Flight ComputerTBMG-351149/1/2019
Abaco Systems Huntsville, AL 866-652-2226
WIRING HARNESS - EXTERNAL POWER, 115 VOLT AC, SINGLE PHASEAS24122A (Current)8/30/2019
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
AMS Index - July 2019AMSJULY-20197/16/2019
Aerospace Material Specifications Index is the most current listing of Aerospace Material Specifications, allowing users to locate each document quickly and easily. These standards these are indexed both by number and subject, with the subject index organized into seven special interest areas including: • Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials • Tolerances • Quality Control • Processes • Non-Metallic Materials and Processes • Metals • Parts In addition, a "Similar Specifications Index" is included, which allows users to easily find the AMS specifications that are similar to ASTM, AWS, Defense, Federal, or Military specifications. UNS and Alloy information are also included.
Utilization of Single Cantilever Beam Test for Characterization of Ice Adhesion2019-01-19496/10/2019
Many engineering systems operating in a cold environment are challenged by ice accretion, which unfavorably affects their aerodynamics and degrades both their performance and safety. Precise characterization of ice adhesion is crucial for an effective design of ice protection system. In this paper, a fracture mechanics-based approach incorporating single cantilever beam test is used to characterize the near mode-I interfacial adhesion of a typical ice/aluminum interface with different surface roughness. In this asymmetric beam test, a thin layer of ice is formed between a fixed and elastically deformable beam subjected to the applied loading. The measurements showed a range of the interfacial adhesion energy (GIC) between 0.11 and 1.34 J/m 2, depending on the substrate surface roughness. The detailed inspection of the interfacial ice fracture surface, using fracture surface replication technique, revealed a fracture mode transition with the measured macroscopic fracture toughness. The
Dawood, Bishoy, Yavas, Denizhan, Giuffre, Christopher, Bastawros, Ashraf
A Novel Heating-Coating Hybrid Strategy for Wind Turbine Icing Mitigation2019-01-20296/10/2019
The electro-thermal method is most commonly used for wind turbine anti-/de-icing. The upmost drawback of such systems is the high power consumption. In the present study, we proposed to use a durable slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) to effectively reduce the power requirement of the heating element during the anti-/de-icing process. The explorative study was conducted in the Icing Research Tunnel at Iowa State University (ISU-IRT) with a DU91-W2-250 wind turbine blade model exposed under severe icing conditions. During the experiments, while a high-speed imaging system was used to record the dynamic ice accretion process, an infrared (IR) thermal imaging system was also utilized to achieve the simultaneous surface temperature measurements over the test model. In comparison to the traditional electrical heating strategies to brutally heat massive area of entire turbine blades, a novel heating-coating hybrid strategy, i.e., combining a leading-edge (LE) heating element to
Gao, Linyue, Ma, Liqun, Liu, Yang, Hu, Hui
An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Droplet Impinging Erosion Characteristics of an Icephobic, Elastic Soft Surface2019-01-19976/10/2019
Elastic soft material/surface, such as Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a perspective, useful and low-cost hydrophobic and icephobic coating. While it has been reported to have good mechanical durability, its erosion durability under the high impacting of water droplets pertinent to aircraft inflight icing phenomena has not been explored. In this study, the droplet imping erosion characteristics of an icephobic PDMS surface/material is evaluated systematically upon the dynamic impinging of water droplets at different impact velocities (~ up to 75m/s), in comparison with other state-of-the-art icephobic materials/surfaces, such as superhydrophobic surface (SHS) and slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS). Surprisingly, the contact angle (CA) of the elastic PDMS is shown to have an over 20° increase (from 105° to 128°), which represents better hydrophobicity, after the erosion test which is mainly contributed to the higher roughness of the eroded PDMS surface. As for the
Ma, Liqun, Zhang, Zichen, Liu, Yang, Hu, Hui
Gear System Parameters and Its Influence on Gearbox Noise2019-01-15626/5/2019
Tonal noise due to gears is one of the fundamental noise problems in a gearbox. Gear tooth deflections generate dynamic forces that lead to unwanted load fluctuations, thus noise. Different factors that are considered to control this noise, some to mention like proper gear macro design, microgeometry corrections, and housing compliance. However, identifying the appropriate variable as a measure of contribution to the overall response helps in getting more accurate remedial solutions. Some outputs to track are different harmonic components of TE, temperature effects, components of forces, rim compliance and friction. For evaluation, usually, the amplitudes of individual harmonics of transmission error are related to the respective orders of the noise levels assuming it as one of the primary excitation parameters of gear noise. In this paper, a brief overview of TE and its harmonic distribution is discussed with the example of an ideal gear mesh model and then quantifying TE with the
Dewangan, Yogesh Kumar, Nair, Pranoy Sureshbabu, Nair, Dipin
Hierarchically Organized Nanocomposites for Enhanced Fatigue Life of Rotorcraft ComponentsF-0075-2019-147225/13/2019
Rotorcraft components, which are often made with reinforced fiber composites, are subjected to severe fatigue loadings due to increased performance demands. Therefore, considerable research interest exists in improving fatigue life of conventional fiber reinforced composites. Nanocomposites are a new class of materials which seek to improve mechanical performance of materials by creating nanoscale crack-nanofiller interactions. In this study we demonstrate the fatigue life improvement of conventional composites by addition of SiO2 nanofillers. The epoxy resin was initially modified with nanofillers to test the static fracture toughness. Once the improvement in static facture toughness was confirmed, three phase modified fiber reinforced composites were made using the modified resin. Cyclic tests were performed at various stress level which demonstrate that three phase nanocomposites perform better than conventional fiber reinforced composites. Fractographic analysis suggests that
Kamble, Mithil, Lakhnot, Aniruddha, Picu, Catain, Koratkar, Nikhil
Video EncodersTBMG-341314/1/2019
Delta Digital Video Horsham, PA 215-657-5270
AMS Index - January 2019AMSJAN-20192/20/2019
Aerospace Material Specifications Index is the most current listing of Aerospace Material Specifications, allowing users to locate each document quickly and easily. These standards these are indexed both by number and subject, with the subject index organized into seven special interest areas including: • Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials • Tolerances • Quality Control • Processes • Non-Metallic Materials and Processes • Metals • Parts In addition, a "Similar Specifications Index" is included, which allows users to easily find the AMS specifications that are similar to ASTM, AWS, Defense, Federal, or Military specifications. UNS and Alloy information are also included.
CRIMPING TOOL AND ACCESSORIES, REMOTE CRIMP HEAD, HYDRAULIC, WIRE SIZE 8 TO 0000 FOR INSULATED AND UN-INSULATED CRIMP BARRELSAS5259/1B (Current)2/11/2019
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Ruggedizing Commercial-Grade Computers into MIL-Hardened Systems19AERP02_012/1/2019
As performance capabilities for embedded computing products expand, the requirements for commercial-grade and MIL ruggedized systems blur into similar specifications. There are increasing demands to take feature-rich, successful industrial/commercial enclosure systems into MIL or other harsh environment applications. Similarly, engineers are designing up-front computing platforms that they can expand into harsher environments.
Automotive Door Opening Durability Simulation Using Detail Checkstrap Mechanism2019-26-02731/9/2019
In automotive design space, door opening durability is one of the important design attribute to build a door structure. Customer often interact with door while ingress and egress a vehicle and that builds a perception of vehicle in customer’s mind. Now days, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is used extensively to simulate the real time door opening and closing event for designing the door structure for durability performance. Early prediction of durability performance and developing the countermeasures saves great amount of time and cost. This paper provides a brief study of detail checkstrap mechanism and its influence on door durability performance. Door checkstrap plays an important role in swing door design, it assists the door opening and closing with the help of check arm profile guided by roller and spring. This allows the load transferred from door to body through checkstrap first and then through hinges. The load interval between door full open to door over-open becomes
Mahadule, Roshan N., Patil, Suhas, Hanamshet, Madhav
PLUG, EXPANSION - AMS 4003AS9380A (Current)11/27/2018
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE III, CLASS 2, COMPOSITION BAS81969/39 (Historical)11/21/2018
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Nano-Additives Increase the Service Life of ConcreteTBMG-3321011/1/2018
A new method increases the service life of concrete structures by reducing the infiltration rates of deleterious ions. The key is a nano-sized additive that slows down penetration of chloride and sulfate ions from road salt, seawater, and soils into the concrete.
PIN, STRAIGHT, HEADLESS - AMS5132, LOCKAS9486A (Current)10/18/2018
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Bearing Life Evaluation for Automotive Wheel Bearings Using Design of Experiments2018-01-190310/5/2018
Automotive wheel bearings have primary functions of translating the rotating motion of the wheels into linear vehicle motion while bearing the vehicle weight. Bearing life is affected by many parameters such as bearing geometry, vehicle and bearing technical specifications, driving conditions, lubrication conditions, material properties, and so on. In this paper, both the basic bearing rating life and modified bearing rating life were evaluated using design of experiments. Bearing lives were calculated by the international standard, and the factors affecting bearing life were investigated. Sequential experimental designs were applied. First, screening experiments were performed to analyze the factors affecting bearing life. Next, confirmation experiments were carried out to determine accurate effects of the selected factors from the screening experiments. As a result, contact angle and curvature of inner ring were significant at a 95% of significance level.
Lee, Seungpyo
Effects of the Metal Surface Profile to the Sliding Properties between Rubber and Metal and Applying That to Wheel Bearing Seals2018-01-190410/5/2018
Cartridge seals are frequently utilized in wheel bearings where a high level of reliability is required. The cartridge seal combines two components; a seal with flexible rubber lips and a stamped metal slinger that provides a surface for the seal lips to contact without being exposed directly to foreign substances. This paper provides a fundamental evaluation of the sliding properties of rubber seal lips relative to the slinger metal surface profile and evaluates the performance of rotating torque and muddy water endurance from a recommend metal surface profile (developed by advanced fundamental evaluation) of the slinger. Seals with the recommend metal surface profile showed approximately 30% lower torque at the rotating speed from 400 rpm to 800 rpm, which are the speeds representative of automotive city driving. At the same time, the durability performance against muddy water was almost equivalent to the seals without this metal surface.
Ishida, Koki, Fujii, Masahiro, Cho, Jun Hwi, Pittel, Kevin
Four-Step Plastic Testing Protocol: Making Informed Design and Material DecisionsTBMG-3306610/1/2018
Medical devices across the United States must not only keep pace with advances in technology but also with the increased use of harsh solvents and disinfectants. However, many materials commonly used in medical devices aren't able to withstand these new cleaning protocols. The nearly decade-long effort to combat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) through increased disinfection has resulted in the degradation of their protective housings, causing cracking, crazing, discoloration, and premature failure of devices. Manufacturers must look to materials with higher levels of chemical resistance to strengthen device integrity and protect patient safety.
Experimental Determination of the Heat Transfer Coefficient in Piston Cooling Galleries2018-01-17769/10/2018
Piston cooling galleries are critical for the pistons’ capability to handle increasing power density while maintaining the same level of durability. However, piston cooling also accounts for a considerable amount of heat rejection and parasitic losses. Knowing the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) inside the cooling gallery could enable new designs which ensure effective cooling of areas decisive for durability while minimizing parasitic losses and overall heat rejection. In this study, an inverse heat transfer method is presented to determine the spatial HTC distribution inside the cooling gallery based on surface temperature measurements with an infrared (IR) camera. The method utilizes a piston specially machined so it only has a thin sheet of material of a known thickness left between the cooling gallery and the piston bowl. The piston - initially at room temperature - is heated up with warm oil injected into the cooling gallery. The transient of the piston’s
Binder, Christian, E, Vasanth, Norling, Daniel, Cronhjort, Andreas
Deterioration Characteristic of Catalyzed DPF Applied on Diesel Truck Durable Ageing2018-01-17019/10/2018
In this paper, it was researched the degradation characteristics of catalytic performance of three kinds of DPFs (C1, C2 and C3, with precious metal concentrations being 15, 25 and 35 g/ft3 respectively) after diesel truck aging. It is found out that the crystallinity of three kinds of DPF samples (Used) in full vehicle aging was higher than that of fresh samples (Fresh) and aged samples (Aged) in the laboratory. Compared with Fresh samples, the concentration of Pt atom in precious metal on the surface of Aged and Used samples tends to decrease in most cases. Activities to CO and C3H8 of Aged and Used samples of three kinds of DPFs had all been degraded, and activity degradation showed a substantial correlation with concentration reduction rate of precious metal on the carrier surface. NO2 productivity of Used samples all rose. Crystallinity of DPF samples after full vehicle aging in Inlet, Middle and Outlet areas successively increased. The reduction rate of Pt atom concentration of
Zhou, Hua, Zhao, Hongwei, Yin, Zenghui, Feng, Qian, Zhou, Maoxiang, Li, Jingyuan, Qin, Kongjian, Li, Mengliang
Simulated Bearing Durability and Friction Reduction with Ultra-Low Viscosity Oils2018-01-18029/10/2018
Legislation aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions is forcing significant changes in passenger car engine hardware and lubricants. Reduced viscosity lubricants can reduce friction levels and are therefore helpful to manufacturers seeking legislative compliance. MAHLE and Shell have worked together to determine the crankshaft, bearing and lubricant combination which minimizes friction with an acceptable level of durability. This paper describes the results of our joint simulation studies. MAHLE Engine Systems have developed in-house simulation packages to predict bearing lubrication performance. SABRE-M is a “routine” simulation tool based on the mobility method [1] curve fitting from the finite bearing theory to simulate the hydrodynamic lubrication in steady-state conditions. Whereas, SABRE-TEHL is a specialized simulation package used for performing Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (TEHL) analysis of bearing systems. Predictions for bearing severity parameters allow more
Kalogiannis, Konstantinos, Desai, Priyanka, Mian, Omar, Mainwaring, Robert
A Paper-Like LCD — Thin, Flexible, Tough, and CheapTBMG-328809/1/2018
Optoelectronic engineers in China and Hong Kong have manufactured a special type of liquid crystal display (LCD) that is paper-thin, flexible, light, and tough. With this, a daily newspaper could be uploaded onto a flexible paper-like display that could be updated as fast as the news cycles. It sounds like something from the future, but scientists estimate it will be cheap to produce, perhaps only costing $5 for a 5-inch screen.
Standard Rainflow File FormatJ2623_201808 (Current)8/24/2018
This SAE Standard provides a definition of a rainflow file format. This type of simple text file would contain all relevant information about the rainflow cycle content of a time history. Included information are Comments, Signal Range, Signal Mean, Number of Cycles, Signal Maximum, Signal Minimum. Rainflow cycle counting has become the most accepted procedure for identifying material fatigue relevant cycles in complex variable amplitude load time histories. The cycle counting methods account for the effects of material plasticity and material memory of prior deformation, and the resulting compressed history information is used by durability analysts to estimate the effects of a given service or test history. Standardization of the rainflow counting methods output files, which is the format addressed by the present standard, is important for reliable information transfer between test and design groups, or different calculation software packages, and thus forms a critical step in the
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
PACKING, PREFORMED – AMS3650, ‘O’ RINGAS9770 (Historical)8/23/2018
A-6C2 Seals Committee
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