Browse Topic: Engine mounts

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Prediction of Trimmed BIW Noise transfer function based on BIW response using Machine Learning2026-26-0640To be published on 01/16/2026
This research focuses on the prediction of the Noise Transfer Function (NTF) in a trimmed Body-in-White (BIW) structure by leveraging machine learning technique considering BIW-level NTF, dynamic stiffness at engine mount attachment points, and Vibration Transfer Function (VTF). The study employs an iterative methodology, adjusting the thickness of various BIW panels to analyse their impact on noise transfer characteristics. Frequency response functions are generated at the BIW attachment points to assess the effectiveness of these modifications. By systematically increasing and decreasing panel thicknesses, and stiffness at the attachment point and trimmed BIW level responses the study aims to optimize the acoustic performance of the BIW structure. The findings provide critical insights into the relationship between structural modifications and noise transfer, offering valuable guidance for automotive design and engineering during early design stage to reduce the development time.
Kulkarni, Prasad Ramesh, Bijwe, Vilas, Kulkarni, Shirish, Sahu, Dilip, Inamdar, Pushpak
Electromagnetically levitated engine mount2026-26-0342To be published on 01/16/2026
Nowadays, the highly competitive automotive business industry requires manufacturers to pay more attention to passenger comfort and riding quality. Apart from suspension, engine mounts plays major role in vehicle NVH. Engine mounts is used to support weight of powertrain & to isolate unbalanced engine disturbance forces from vehicle body. Engine mounts are designed in such a way that no metal to metal contact is remained in between powertrain & rest of the vehicle. This idea presents the solution to completely isolate the powertrain from body so that no engine vibrations can be transferred, which will eventually increase the life of Engine mount
Hazra, Sandip, Naik, Sarang Pramod, more, Vishwas
Machine Learning based Engine Mount NVH Life Health Monitoring System2026-26-0359To be published on 01/16/2026
Refinement for NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance, and long-term vehicle reliability are rapidly evolving in today’s automotive industry. Engine mounts play a central role in isolating powertrain-induced vibrations; their deterioration can significantly affect cabin comfort, powertrain integrity, and customer satisfaction. Prior work in this area has primarily focused on direct mount sensors and physical inspection at service centre after failure. While effective in controlled environments, such methods are not scalable, add system complexity, and increase vehicle cost due to sudden breakdowns—challenges that restrict practical OEM deployment. This paper introduces a novel indirect health monitoring method that leverages a driver seat rail-mounted accelerometer to capture driver specific vibrational responses. By analyzing these signals using machine learning models and domain-specific analytical features, engine mount health is inferred without requiring sensors on the
Iqbal, Shoaib, Dusane, Mangesh
Value-Engineered Design Optimization of a Reinforced Plastic Bracket to Meet Natural Frequency Targets in Passenger Vehicles.2026-26-0355To be published on 01/16/2026
The transition from metal to plastic in the design of engine mount brackets marks a pivotal step toward sustainable and value-driven automotive engineering. This study investigates the optimization of plastic engine mount brackets, focusing on material selection, structural performance, and alignment with NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) targets. Recycled polymer composites were chosen for their favorable mechanical properties, environmental resilience, and contribution to circular economy goals. The primary objectives were weight reduction, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturability, without compromising structural integrity or long-term durability. A combination of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), CAE-based durability simulations, modal analysis, and comprehensive vehicle-level validation was conducted to assess dynamic performance. Results demonstrated that the optimized plastic brackets not only satisfy critical natural frequency and durability requirements but also offer a
Hazra, Sandip, Gupta, Deepak, Khan, Arkadip, Gite, Yogesh
High-Frequency Dynamic Stiffness Measurements of Automotive Elastomers for Electric Vehicles2026-26-0312To be published on 01/16/2026
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the demand for advanced elastomeric materials capable of meeting stringent noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) requirements. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs lack traditional powertrain-induced masking noise. In the automotive industry the dynamic stiffness of elastomers for internal combustion engines are determined traditionally using hydraulic test rigs up to test frequencies of max. 1000 Hz. Measurements in excess of these frequencies were not possible and are only carried out using computerized FE or CAE calculation models. Electric drive systems generate distinct tonal noise components in the high-frequency range up to 10 kHz , which are well perceptible even at low sound pressure levels. Consequently, the dynamic stiffness characteristics of elastomers up to 3000 Hz are critical for optimizing NVH performance. This study focuses on the high-frequency dynamic stiffness testing of automotive
Bohne, Christian, Gröne, Michael
Assessing Millable Polyurethane in Powertrain Mounting Applications: A Comparative Study with Natural Rubber2026-26-0289To be published on 01/16/2026
In the automotive industry, the performance and longevity of elastomer components are critical to both vehicle durability and driver comfort. Powertrain mountings, play a crucial role in isolating vibrations and reducing noise. Traditionally, natural rubber (NR) has been the material of choice for these applications due to its excellent vibration isolation properties, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, with evolving performance demands, there is growing interest in enhancing the durability and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of powertrain mountings, along with improving their resistance to environmental stressors such as heat, oil, and wear. Unlike NR, which tends to degrade more quickly under such conditions, millable polyurethane (MPU) offers superior resistance, making it a promising candidate for extending the service life of these critical components. The objective of this study is to determine whether millable polyurethane (MPU) can serve as a
Murugesan, Annarajan, Pawar, Rohit
Comprehensive evaluation and development of a single cylinder engine vehicle for refinement of NVH characteristics2026-26-0308To be published on 01/16/2026
The scale of worldwide population presents its own set of difficulties, especially in densely populated cities. Almost every individual has some form of personal transport, which leads to congestion and limited parking space. Automotive manufacturers are scaling down the size of vehicles to resolve these issues to some extent. This paper is based on the NVH development of a single-cylinder diesel engine vehicle. It provides an insight into the comprehensive vehicle level NVH refinement approaches adopted. The NVH characteristics of the benchmark two-cylinder diesel and baseline vehicle were measured and analyzed for target setting. The performance of each subsystem, such as engine mounting, vehicle structure, intake and exhaust, was evaluated, and gap analysis was performed against set targets. It was found that the engine mounting system and vehicle structure were inefficient in isolating the excitation forces. The design and location of the mounting system was evaluated using CAE and
Ghale, Guruprasad Chandrashekhar, Baviskar, Shreyas, Bendre, Parag, Kamble, Pranit, Bhangare, Amit, THAKUR, SUNIL, Kunde, Sagar, Wagh, Sachin
An Engineering Perspective on Cradle and Saddle Mount Configurations2026-26-0313To be published on 01/16/2026
The evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) demands optimized powertrain mounting systems to achieve superior Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) performance. This study presents a comparative evaluation of cradle-type and saddle-type mounting systems in EV applications. Experimental modal analysis and vehicle-level vibration testing were conducted to assess structure-borne and airborne noise transmission across operating conditions. Key factors such as mount stiffness, isolation efficiency, and dynamic load distribution were analyzed. Cradle systems exhibited better low- to mid-frequency isolation, whereas saddle systems offered advantages in packaging flexibility, high-frequency noise control, and reduced load distribution on supporting structures. These findings provide valuable guidance for selecting optimal mount strategies to enhance occupant comfort and acoustic quality in future EV designs. Recommendations for mount system improvements considering evolving EV architectures are
Hazra, Sandip, more, Vishwas, Naik, Sarang Pramod
Analysis and Mitigation of Parasitic Noise in Hydraulic Engine Mounts: Addressing Cavitation and Membrane Hitting2026-26-0335To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydraulic engine mounts are widely used in automotive applications to reduce vibration and noise transmission from the engine to the vehicle body by providing high damping at low frequencies and low damping/stiffness at higher frequencies. This is achieved by allowing sufficient clearance between components inside the hydro mount, activating hydraulic damping only with sufficient amplitude inputs. However, this inherently leads to the generation of Parasitic noises emanating from hydraulic engine mounts which significantly degrades the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) performance of vehicles, presenting a considerable challenge in the automotive industry. This encompasses phenomena such as cavitation, arising from the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within the working fluid due to localized pressure drops below the vapor pressure, and membrane hitting, resulting from the dynamic interaction between the fluid and the elastic membrane within the mount. Both noise
Agrawal, Adheesh, Vineeth, Sekharan, Saxena, Akshansh, Ghosh, Chiranjit, Seenivasan, Gokulram, Nandal, Abhishek, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh
Adaptive Control Algorithms for Active Mounts on Diesel Powertrains in Passenger Cars2026-26-0324To be published on 01/16/2026
Diesel powertrains are inherently characterized by high vibration levels and low-frequency excitations, which are extremely demanding for passenger comfort and vehicle refinement. Conventional passive engine mounts often fall short in mitigating such vibrations effectively across a wide range of operating conditions. Passive mounts are inadequate for effectively isolating vibrations in powerful, lightweight vehicles or those without a balancer shaft 3-cylinder engine ordiesel engines. Consequently, this has prompted the consideration of active engine mounts as an alternative solution for solving NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness)-related issues. This paper explores the application of adaptive control algorithms in active engine mount systems for diesel powertrains in passenger vehicles. Through the integration of real-time feedback loops with smart control strategies the system adaptively controls mount stiffness and damping to minimize engine-induced vibrations. The study presents
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip Amitava, more, Vishwas
Contradictions of Automotive NVH with other Vehicle Performance and TRIZ tools for Innovative problem solving2026-26-0347To be published on 01/16/2026
For safety towards Automotive engineering often faces design contradictions, particularly in Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) optimization. Traditional approaches rely on trade-offs, but TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) offers a structured methodology to resolve contradictions innovatively. This paper explores in depth the TRIZ-based solutions for 2 key NVH challenges: (1) exhaust systems requiring noise reduction while maintaining low engine back-pressure, (2) engine mounts requiring both softness for vibration isolation and hardness for durability& vehicle stability. By applying principles such as segmentation, dynamization, parameter change, cheap short living objects or mechanics substitution, the novel solutions are proposed to achieve superior performance without traditional compromises. Tuneable valves in the path of the exhaust gas flow and the power-train mounting focused on its Torque Roll Axis were shown to exemplify the TRIZ problem solving effectiveness
A, Milind Ambardekar
Motorcycle Engine Vibrations Prediction for Inertia Loads Using Multi Body Dynamics Calculations2024-26-023201/16/2024
Motorcycles are a preferred means of transportation in most of the countries due to its economic factor and ease in travelling. Rider comfort is an important aspect while designing a vehicle. Rider comfort is often compromised by unwanted vibrations experienced at human interface points also called as tactile points. These unwanted vibrations also affect rider's motorcycle control and overall health. There are two major source of vibrations in a motorcycle that is engine & road inputs. In current study, a method is being explored to predict engine induced vibrations. Engine induced vibrations at various locations are simulated through multi body dynamics (MBD) and finite element (FE) simulation methods at vehicle level. Motorcycle model comprising of engine, frame and subassemblies are modeled in FE tool and then condensed to be used in MBD tool. Piston assembly, connecting rod, bearings and engine mounts are modeled in MBD tool. Vibration response resulting from unbalanced inertia
Kumar, Virender, Joshi, Gaurav, Garg, Ankit
NVH refinement of small commercial vehicle2024-26-021901/16/2024
In today's dynamic market scenario and with the change of user priorities, NVH refinement has utmost importance for quiet and vibration free vehicles. This trend of refined NVH vehicles is seen getting well accepted by commercial vehicle segment also. Feeling of discomfort resulting in health issues also looking at its maximum usage in urban and rural areas. This demands boom noise free cabins, and lower tactile vibration of the vehicle. Noise within the vehicle is influenced by excitation from the engine, driveline, exhaust system, road excitations, suspension of the vehicle structure (structure borne noise) and its radiation into the air (air borne noise). This paper discusses the approach used to reduce "In-cab boom" noise in the operating speed sweep condition and seat track vibration during engine IDLE condition to improve driver comfort. In this paper NVH refinement was carried out on small commercial vehicle. Higher Seat track vibrations during IDLE and In-cab boom noise during
Yeola, Yogesh, Kharpude MD, Yogesh, Kalsule, Dhanaji, Choudhary, Aditya, Sonar, Santosh, Nikam, Avinash
Design optimization of Engine Mount bracket to reduce various gear noises in the passenger car cabin2024-26-020801/16/2024
With the advancement of regulatory norms in the automobile industry, there is challenging to meet performance efficiency targets, especially with a lightweight platform, while providing a superior driving experience to customers. The shift towards weight optimization makes the vehicle structure more susceptible to transfer a diverse range of noise and vibrations through the body. Although most undesirable noises perceived inside the cabin can be reduced by superior technology engine mounts and NVH packaging, all such solutions lead to cost addition. Intelligent considerations in part design can be used to supplement predictable transfer paths to quell unwanted vibrations. One such case is of the gear whine noise in certain rpm bands caused by inherent gear meshing frequency coinciding with the natural frequency of an engine mounting bracket. This paper demonstrates two methodologies to counter such a phenomenon, either through engine mount bracket natural frequency optimization or
Ghosh, Chiranjit, Agrawal, Adheesh, Karmakar, Sudipto, Srivastava, Shubham, Khan, Aamir
An experimental approach to investigate the FEAD cover failure & its design optimization.2024-26-037101/16/2024
In automotive Front End Accessory Drives (FEAD), the crankshaft supplies power to accessories like alternators, pumps, etc. FEAD undergoes forced vibration due to crankshaft excitation, dynamic tension fluctuations can cause the belt to slip on the accessory pulleys. By considering the criticality of the system, when engine mounting is longitudinally to the vehicle which makes it directly exposed to the air flow containing foreign particles which may cause the damage to the FEAD system and deteriorate the intended functionality. FEAD cover is introduced in the system to enhance belt-pully system functionality by restricting the entry of foreign particles during engine operation. This paper contains study of FEAD cover failure and provide the stepwise approach to capture such issue during novel model development for 4 cylinder naturally aspirated engine during engine bench testing. Failure mechanism was studied using various methodology such as CAE and G-Load measurement to identify the
PATEL, HARDIK MANUBHAI, KUMAR, NITISH, Chand, Subhash, Gupta, Vineet
Refined Driveline Isolation in Bus Vehicles2024-26-020501/16/2024
Bus vehicles required isolated NVH performance at the mounting of the Engine, Propeller shaft, AC Compressor, etc. within a relative package envelope. This paper demonstrates the most predominant NVH case in Bus vehicles in which aggregates are mounted on the chassis Frame and its attachment point stiffness and mobility in multi directions are studied. The same was evaluated analytically and tested so as to cater to NVH issues in vehicles. Also, it contains the details of the systematic approach used with the help of digital software by creating the analytical model so as to resolve issues of multi-direction high mobility and relatively low stiffness at the attachment points. This evaluated model can be used across similar application vehicles so to avoid multi-iteration design and development costs. Digital Analysis indicates a good correlation with the tests for specific loading conditions. Multiple solutions were studied that were confirmed in the analysis. The most cost-effective
Dhadiwal, Nishant Surendra, Pathak, Rahul, Bijwe, Vilas, Gore, Pandurang
Analytical tool for Design and Optimization of Double Isolation Mounting System for Electric Powertrain2024-26-012501/16/2024
As the world rapidly moves from IC engine powered vehicles to the 'more sustainable' Electrified Vehicles, the Powertrain Mounting System needs to be re-engineered to meet refinement requirements of customer. Electric vehicles are quieter but due to lack of "masking effect", are sensitive to minor disturbances that are perceived to be objectionable by passengers. Also, E-powertrains are lighter, produce higher torque at low rpms & operate at higher rpms which calls for different countermeasures for mounting systems compared to conventional single isolation 3-point mounting system as used in IC engines. Double Isolation Mounting System, where powertrain is connected to an auxiliary mass (sub frame/cradle) via mounts, which is suspended to the vehicle body via cradle bushes results in 12 rigid body modes, 6 for each mass, is highly effective in lowering the transmission of vibration at high frequencies. This paper discusses 12 DOF analytical tool developed to rapidly analyze Powertrain
Verma, Shemon, Jayachandran, Suresh kumar, Mane, Yogiraj, Paua, Ketan, Vellandi, Vikraman
Powertrain Mounting system NVH simulation methodology using transfer path analysis technique for Electric vehicles2024-26-022501/16/2024
In comparison to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, Electric vehicles (EVs) development and adoption is driven by several factors such as zero emissions, higher performance, cost effective in maintenance, smoother and quieter ride. Global OEMs are competing to provide a reduced in-cab noise for ensuring a smooth and quiet driving experience. Short project timelines for EV demands quick design and development. In initial stages of project, input data availability of EV is limited and a simplified approach is necessary to accelerate the development of vehicle. This paper focuses on simulation methodology for predicting structure borne noise from powertrain deploying Transfer Path Analysis approach. Current simulation methodology involves full vehicle model with multiple flexible bodies and full BIW flexible model which leads to complex modelling and longer simulation times. The proposed transfer path analysis technique utilises, a simplified Multibody Dynamics EV powertrain model
Duraikannu, Dinesh, Iqbal, Shoaib
The science of Engine Mounts and its multidimensional impact on Noise and Vibrations in passenger car2024-26-020301/16/2024
A robust process of specifying engine mounting systems for internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrains have been established through decades of work and countless applications. Vehicle vibration is a critical consideration in the early stage of vehicle development. Apart from comfort, it also affects the overall vehicle's performance, reliability, Buzz-squeak & rattle (BSR), parts durability and robustness. The most dynamic system in a vehicle is the powertrain, a source of vibration inputs to the vehicle over the frequency range. The mounting system supports a powertrain in a vehicle and isolates the vibration generated from the powertrain to the vehicle. In addition, it also controls the overall dynamic movement of the powertrain system when the vehicle is subjected to road load excitations and avoids contact between the powertrain and other adjacent components of the vehicle. This paper investigates the effect of the mounting position, stiffness, and progressivity on overall
Hazra, Sandip, Mohare, Gourishkumar
Development of System Level Testing Method for Passenger Car Engine Mounts2024-26-032401/16/2024
Engine mount is an integral part of any Internal Combustion engine. It is the medium which isolates the vibrations coming from engine being transferred to the chassis or body of vehicle. Engine or power plant is the main source of unbalanced vibrations. The major role of an engine mount is to minimize those vibration levels, improve ride comfort and increase the life of an engine and its accessories. Most of the OEM’s are validating the engine mounts in virtual environment as FEA analysis software. In this paper detailed procedure of testing of Engine mount at system level is presented. This work determines the development of test procedure for passenger car engine mounts in the Laboratory by using Multi-axial environment which also explains the details of truly Multi-axial test rig development, Drive file creation and Durability Testing with the maintained vehicle conditions by simulating the field conditions in the laboratory. Results of simulation and durability also enclosed. This
Tormal, Uday Bapurao
Crank-train system balancing and crankshaft optimization in different outlook2024-26-020901/16/2024
IC (Internal Combustion) engines are evolved and refined over time to greater levels of technology in terms of emission, performance, NVH (Noise, Vibration & Harshness) and design philosophy. Crank-train generates greater impact on NVH optimization due to its geometry and dynamics. Hence, more attention on mass balancing is required to minimize the negative impact on NVH. The present work demonstrates the evaluation of balancing rate of crank-train system from the first principle of couple balancing. Calculations are conducted at the concept stage to estimate an internal rotating couple balancing of crank-train system due to counterweights and rotating masses. As crankshaft weighs approximately 10-12% weight of an engine and plays a vital role in balancing, its optimization will result in significant impact on NVH. Therefore, based on balancing rate, multiple engines' crankshaft was optimized and to validate the methodologies, forces on engine mount and main bearings were evaluated for
Mishra, Pragya, Kolhe, Vivek M, Ghotekar, Sunil
NVH Refinement of Structure borne tonal noise in electric vehicle2024-26-019801/16/2024
Globally all OEMs are moving towards electric vehicle to reduce emission and manage fuel cost. Customers expect highest level of refinement and sophistication in electric vehicle. At present, the customers are sensitive to high pitched tonal noise produced by electric powertrain which gives a lot of challenges to NVH engineers to arrive at a cost-effective solution in less span of time Higher structure borne tonal noise is perceived in electric vehicle at the vehicle speeds of 15 kmph and 60 kmph. The test vehicle is front wheel drive compact SUV powered by motor in the front. The electric powertrain is connected to subframe with help of three mounts. Transfer path analysis (TPA) using blocked forces method is carried out to identify the exact forces of the powertrain. Powertrain mount is characterized by applying the predicted forces and dynamic stiffness at problematic frequency is measured. By reducing the dynamic stiffness of powertrain mounts, the noise levels are reduced by ~ 5
S, Nataraja moorthy, Rao, Manchi, Raghavendran, Prasath, Selvam, Ebinezer
Designing Rubber Flaps for Resonance Management: High-Frequency Tuning in Electric Vehicles Using AI/ML Approaches2025-01-012505/05/2023
High-frequency whine noise in electric vehicles (EVs) poses a significant challenge, affecting customer perception and the overall vehicle experience. One primary source of this undesirable noise is the interaction between motor pole resonance and the resonance of the engine mount rubber. This paper presents an innovative method for predicting and tuning the frequency response of engine mounts by precisely adjusting the dimensions of rubber flaps, specifically their length and width. The proposed solution employs a dual approach: fine-tuning rubber flap dimensions and utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques. An ML model, trained on historical data, predicts how varying flap dimensions impact frequency response, providing a data-driven foundation for optimization. This prediction capability is enhanced by a Python program that automates the optimization process using a linear combination formula, efficiently addressing resonance issues. By integrating ML insights with the linear
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip
Evaluating Powertrain Mount Decoupling: Insights from Simulation, Experimental Results, and Analytical Calculations2025-01-002205/05/2023
This study presents a thorough examination of engine mount decoupling by integrating virtual simulations, physical testing, and analytical calculations. Engine mounts are crucial for isolating vibrations and enhancing vehicle comfort and performance, making their dynamic behavior vital for effective design. In our approach, we employ multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulations to model the interactions within engine mounts. By adjusting the bush stiffness parameters in the MBD framework, we can predict decoupling frequencies and analyze kinetic energy distribution. The bush stiffness values used in simulations are then applied in physical testing, ensuring consistency in the results for decoupling frequencies and kinetic energy distribution. This alignment between virtual and empirical data significantly enhances the reliability of our findings. Moreover, we conduct analytical calculations that correspond with the results from both the simulations and physical tests. This comprehensive
Shende, Kalyani, Shingavi, Shreyas, Rane, Vishesh, Hingade, Nikhil
Hybrid RLDA methodology for passenger car engine mount applications2025-01-009505/05/2023
In the development of engine mounting systems for passenger cars, accurately capturing dynamic loads during real-world driving conditions is crucial for optimizing performance, durability, and NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) characteristics. This paper introduces an innovative approach that integrates load cell and strain gauge technologies for Road Load Data (RLD) acquisition, specifically designed for engine mounting applications. By combining load cells and strain gauges, this method offers a comprehensive solution for measuring both direct forces and the resulting strains on engine mounts, providing a more detailed understanding of the load profiles. Load cells capture the overall forces exerted on the engine mounts, while strategically placed strain gauges measure local deformations and stress distributions within the mounts. This dual-method approach enables precise correlation of force and strain data, enhancing the accuracy of load calculations under various driving
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip Amitava, Mohare, Gourishkumar
Crash Performance Improvement: The Impact of Engine Mount Crash Plates on Achieving a 5-Star Safety Rating2025-01-008505/05/2023
Electric vehicles (EVs) differ from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in that they lack a conventional engine and feature an electric drive unit, leading to distinct dynamic behaviours in the powertrain. Additionally, the arrangement of auxiliary components in EVs often differs from that in traditional ICE vehicles, which can sometimes significantly impact safety ratings. This paper examines a case study of a critical failure during a crash test, where displacement of an engine mount arm caused substantial structural intrusion and reduced the vehicle's safety rating. To address this issue and enhance crashworthiness, a "crash plate" was designed and integrated into the mount system. This solution effectively constrained the mount arm's movement during impact, preventing the intrusion observed in previous tests. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the crash plate's dimensions and its relationship to the engine mount, demonstrating its potential for broader application in
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip, Mohare, Gourishkumar
Development of high damping powertrain mount using thixotropic fluid2022-01-073403/29/2022
Vibration isolation performance and damping performance of powertrain mount are important for improving NV and ride comfort performances of the vehicle, respectively. In this research, based on the principle of liquid sealed mounts, we focused on the fact that the ideal fluid viscosity differs depending on the input frequency. By combining the liquid resonance phenomenon and thixotropic fluid, we developed a technology that balances a high level between low dynamic spring rate and high damping, which are trade-off items for liquid sealed mounts. The thixotropic fluid was blended with ethylene glycol aqueous solution as a base solution and smectite nano-cray as a thixotropic agent. From the view point of the viscosity corresponding to the shear rate and the viscosity at the high shear point, the optimum concentration of smectite was shown to be 1.5 wt%. As a result of measuring the dynamic characteristics of the mount unit using this thixotropic fluid, the damping coefficient increased
Takaesu, Keita, Sogawa, Naoki, Kuwahara, Hiroki, HAYAKAWA, SEIJI
Engine vibration-dampening (reduction) through split engine mounting arm for passenger vehicle.2022-01-024403/29/2022
Automotive industry is focusing on NVH reduction and customer comfort for passenger vehicle. Structural optimization is an one of the effective tool to obtain an optimum design to achieve NVH reduction. For an internal combustion engine, there exist two basic dynamic disturbances: a) the firing pulse due to the explosion of the fuel in the cylinder and b) the inertia force and torque caused by the rotating and reciprocating parts (piston, connecting rod and crank). The usage of engine mounts is the best solution for dampening the effect of vibrations and transmitting forces between the engine and the automotive body structure. In this paper, application of structural optimization in the design of a engine mount has been carried out. Effort has been taken to develop engine-mounting arm with two different designs solution. Further, engine with two different configuration has been tested at Engine test bed and vehicle level to understand the behavior in real environment. Further results
Gavade, Sujit Vithoba, Gangurde, Prashant, Bhargava, Aashish, Walhekar, Vishal, Mishra, Abhishek, Sawant, Yogesh
A new approach to check the heath of engine mounting & suspension bolted joints2022-01-076403/29/2022
The torque required to tighten any threaded joint is different from the necessary torque to untighten threaded bolt or nut, and it is not observed or widely known since this is a regular and straightforward operation. Typically the torque needed to untighten a newly tightened clamp is around 10% to 30% less than the torque to stretch it further. During tightening a threaded bolt, a significant amount of torque required to overcome friction in the threads and under the nut face. The proportion of the torque used to overcome frictional resistance depends upon the friction value. When we tighten a joint with a coefficient of friction of 0.12, only about approximately 14% of the torque required to stretch the fastener producing the clamp load with 86% of the torque is lost overcoming friction. The torque needed to pull the bolt always acts in the untightening direction, resulted in untightening torque lags behind the tightening torque. Sufficient preload has to be there in the bolted joint
Deshmukh, Sagar
Saddle type structure design for electric vehicle2022-01-087603/29/2022
Abstract: Electric vehicle are likely to gain market share in near future as technology is getting evolved and cost of ownership is also reducing. Focus on pure electric vehicle is need of an hour and vehicle manufacturers are investing heavily on future trends. Conventional vehicle has BIW front end which is used to protect from crash. With recent development in vehicle architecture, it is learned that secondary load path can be created with help of saddle structure to and there can be huge weight saving in BIW front end which still can meet safety norms. Saddle structure is also helping to have idealistic engine mount locations in vehicle. A & B mount can be packaged exactly on TRA (Torque Roll Axis) to get the best NVH performance. With saddle type structure all three mount can be weight carrying member and easy to handle high torque. This paper explains how saddle type structure is beneficial for crash point view and engine mounting system best performance, Keywords: - Engine
Deshmukh, Sagar
Fatigue Life Prediction and Correlation of Engine Mount Elastomer Bush using A Crack Growth Approach2022-01-092403/29/2022
Abstract: In passenger car, suspension link bushings, engine and transmission mount bushings and bump-stops are made of elastomer material, to maximize the durability and comfort. Thus, deformation behavior of rubber and its durability is important for product design and development. In virtual engineering, simulating rubber fatigue is a complex exercise, as it needs right modeling strategy and coupon testing based material data. Principal stretch based Ogden model is used to characterize the hyper elastic behavior of rubber. Fatigue crack growth approach used here for the fatigue analysis. Engine torque strut mount is used to control the engine and transmission fore aft motion and it is connected between body and Power Train (PT) system. Powertrain events are predominant for damage contribution of mount failure. So, it is important to predict fatigue life of mount elastomer bush. The objective of this work is to find the fatigue life of the elastomer bush for PT loads. Virtual
Elango, C., Pandi, Sathish Kumar, Mahadule, Roshan N, ZARRIN-GHALAMI, Touhid
Multi-axial road simulation for Component level validation of engine mount structure and elastomer2021-26-045209/22/2021
Today, reducing the vehicle development time is a very crucial task. In the early development stages, the limited time and vehicle prototypes are available for validation. In such scenarios, durability validation of different design iterations of critical components like engine mounts, with respect to the real road usage is a challenge. Road simulation testing in a laboratory is a reliable approach to fatigue and durability tests for the evaluation of platforms, components and subassemblies. Durability evaluation of engine mount is, generally, performed either at assembly level, using multi-axial road simulation approach or at component level, using uniaxial sinusoidal load testing. The new testing approach here allows testing of engine mounts at component level using road simulation approach by applying multiaxial loads or deflections as per the real road usage conditions. This testing approach enables fast, accurate and highly repeatable reproduction of desired motions, providing the
Kuwar, Virendra S, Shinde, Vikram V, Pawar, Prashant R, Mohare, Gourishkumar, Hazra, Sandip
Bus NVH refinement: A Journey towards Comfortable Future2021-26-027209/22/2021
The future of bus transit in new millennium is promising. This optimism is based on an anticipated long-term slowdown in growth of suburbs and revitalization of central cities. It reflects and escalates the public concern with traffic congestion, sprawl and pollution. This calls for double the use of public transport to address above issues. It calls for changing the mind-set of society towards public transports like buses, coaches etc. This could happen if bus design ensures right comfort, safety & TCO by ensuring refined bus transport. Hence, it is responsibility of OEMs to provide the new generation buses and coaches, which will ensure the public demands of comforts in terms of NVH refinement. This paper covers the innovative approach used to convert the existing bus NVH refinement to next level as a short-term solution and with the intention of articulating NVH strategies for new generation bus development. This work explains combined experimental and simulation approach deployed
Doshi, Sohin, Taware, Girish, Kalsule, Dhanaji, Bijwe, Vilas, Naidu, Sudhakara
Development of Systematic Technique for Design of Electric Motor Mounting System in EV/ HEV Application2021-26-016509/22/2021
Last decade has been era of environmental awareness. Various programs have launched for making devices and appliances eco-friendly. This initiative has lead automobile industry toward hybridization and now total electrification of vehicles. As electric motor is being added to automobile as a prime mover, due to high frequency vibrations along with higher torque electric motor needs to be isolated properly & carefully as this vibration can damage other automobile parts. Dynamic response of electric motor is different from response of IC engines, so use of engine mounting design method may not be suitable for designing mounting system for electric motor. First, both 4- point and 3- point mounting system are considered for analytical and experimental investigation of force and displacement transmissibility. Position and orientation of elastomeric mounts plays important role in design of mounting system for electric motor. Mounts used in passive vibration isolation are made up of
Kumar, Ravindra, Dhanawade, Tushar
Digital Road Load Data Acquisition Methodology for Automotive Durability Analysis2021-26-034409/22/2021
Durability is an important indicator to measure the automobile quality and reliability. Automotive industry is striving to develop products having excellent performance to weight ratios and along with high safety standards. A successful product should have adequate robustness during normal customer operation and the ability to withstand high impact events without impairment of function or safety relevant damage. Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) along with efficient design and validation processes are, among others, critical factors for success in the automotive industry. Physical RLDA is expensive and time consuming, the prototype vehicles being costly and only available at a later stage in the vehicle development cycle. Component failures occurring on the proto test vehicles can prove to be a major setback, delaying the product launch by months. In order to overcome above challenge this paper presents an innovative methodology to carry out Digital RLDA. The methodology consists of
Avhad, Anish, Iqbal, Shoaib
Engine mounted Oil cooler 3D CFD CHT Analysis for predicting Thermal Performance2021-26-035109/22/2021
This paper describes steady state, computationally rigorous, three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer 3D CFD analysis of an engine mounted oil cooler. Thermal performance of an oil cooler is very significant from engine oil consumption, bearings performance etc. In an engine water jacket, coolant flows around and through the oil cooler making the flow three dimensional. Therefore, demanding the need of a 3D CFD analysis for capturing all the flow and heat transfer aspects and thereby accurate prediction of thermal performance. An oil cooler contains intricate turbulators in flow paths and have dimensions varying from as small as 0.25 mm to as large as 300 mm, therefore making the meshing and solution a formidable task. In current work an oil cooler with all the intricate details is modelled in a commercial CFD code. Objective is to develop a solution approach which can predict thermal performance of an oil cooler in an accurate way. An engineering practice with guidelines for geometry
Tawar, Ranjit Ramchandra, Brasmer, Susan, Bedekar, Sanjeev
Effect of engine mount stiffness on joint integrity and durability of mounts.2021-26-051409/22/2021
Powertrain mounts location and stiffness in vehicle plays very important role in improving vehicle noise and vibration which is caused by engine firing forces and road disturbances. Once locations are finalized based on initial calculation and packaging, then it is very much critical to play with mount stiffness to achieve required NVH level in vehicle. This paper describes the effect of mount stiffness on the bolted joint integrity. Stiffness fine tuning is done to improve vehicle level NVH and various iteration are done with change in stiffness values of A, B and C mounts. When stiffness specs are finalized it is recommended to do aquire road load data on the finalized stiffness mount and check for bolted joint integrity since load signature is varying significantly on mount w.r.t stiffness change. If we change mount stiffness value from 128N/mm to 98N/mm then loads on that particular mount is getting increased from 4500N to 6500N in one of the track testing. This paper clearly
Deshmukh, Sagar, Hazra, Sandip, Soundarrajan, Hariprasad
Characterization and Comparison of Steady-Flow Techniques Used for Engine Airflow Development2021-01-115109/21/2021
This paper compares bulk impulse-torque and 2D planar PIV steady flow-field measurements created by an engine cylinder head and intake system model using a steady-flow bench and evaluates operational aspects of the steady-flow test system. The model included a full-sized intake manifold and cylinder head section from a Chrysler 2.4L PFI four-valve per cylinder engine mounted to an optical cylinder. Two test system operational aspects were evaluated: (1) upstream versus downstream engine location relative to the flowbench (operational modes corresponding to flow bench pulling or pushing through the system), (2) PIV seeding particulate choice. Several dry and oil fog particulates were assessed however, of the options tested, only laboratory grade glass and consumer grade talc allowed long enough operation for practical data acquisition. Tests were performed over lift-over-diameter (L/D) ratios spanning from 0.1 to 0.3. The results indicate that for the setup evaluated, the flowbench
Voris, Alex R., Puzinauskas, Paulius
Development of an Intake Valve Deposit Test with a GM LE9 2.4L Engine2021-01-118609/21/2021
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certifies gasoline deposit control additives for intake valve deposit (IVD) control by means of ASTM D5500, a vehicle test using a1985 BMW 318i vehicle equipped with a 1.8L I-4 port fuel injected engine. Concerns with the age of the test fleet, its relevance in the market today, and the availability of replacement parts led the American Chemistry Council’s (ACC) Fuel Additive Task Group (FATG) to begin a program to develop a replacement test. General Motors suggested developing a replacement test using a 2.4L LE9 test engine mounted on a dynamometer and committed to support the engine until 2030. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI®) was contracted to run the development program in four Phases. In Phase I, the engine test stand was configured and a test fuel was selected. In Phase II, a series of tests were run to identify a cycle that would build an acceptable level of deposits on un-additized base fuel. In Phase III, the resultant test
Shoffner, Brent, Cloud, Brandon, Kulinowski, Alexander, Hayden, Thomas, Stevens, Colleen
Interior Floor Engineering: Acoustic vs. Compression Performance2021-01-112908/31/2021
The interior floor of a vehicle cabin occupies a significant amount of surface area in proportion to the cabin as a whole, and as such provides a prime opportunity for acoustic treatment. Generally speaking, floor materials must be relatively limp to achieve high acoustic performance. However, the tactile quality of a vehicle floor is very important. The end customer has an expectation for how it should feel to step onto the floor of a vehicle: a carpet should “give” slightly, but not compress fully, under pressure. A carpet that is too stiff or not stiff enough may be perceived as indicative of low quality. Thus, acoustic targets and stiffness targets tend to be at odds. A vehicle interior floor is a trim component which consists of different layers and which can have different pile-up configurations. Such a pile-up typically consists of a soft layer, called a decoupler, and a top layer. Previous work has shown how CAE tools can predict part-level compression behavior during design
Frey, Andrea, Koeske, Ben, Li, Wanlu, Wichmann, Brandon
Idle Vibration Robustness Analysis of An I3 Engine Without Balance Shaft2021-01-102308/31/2021
I3 engine has its unique advantage in helping OEM meeting the ever-increasing government regulations in emission and fuel consumptions. Its small size, low friction, and light weight provide OEM the opportunity in lowering the costs, reducing fuel consumption, and emissions. ISH predicts that the I3 engine will count for 38% of IC engine volume in 2025 in Chinese Auto Market. One of biggest issues of the I3 engine is its higher vibration levels, especially in idle conditions. This is primarily due to two reasons. First is that I3 engine cylinder layout results in 1st order inertia moments. Second is that I3 engine combustion produces higher combustion excitation torque with lower frequency (1.5th engine order). To compensate the 1st order inertia moments, a balance shaft is typically added to cancel these 1st order inertia moments. While the balance shaft reduces the vibration levels, it adds significant cost and weight in the I3 engine applications. In this paper, a study is carried
Teng, Charlie, Zhao, Ke, Shi, Daiyun, Shen, Lianjun
Utilizing Engine Dyno Data to Build NVH Simulation Models for Early Rapid Prototyping2021-01-106908/31/2021
As the move to decrease physical prototyping increases the need to virtually prototype vehicles become more critical. Assessing NVH vehicle targets and making critical component level decisions is becoming a larger part of the NVH engineer’s job. To make decisions earlier in the process when prototypes are not available companies need to leverage more both their historical and simulation results. Today this is possible by utilizing a hybrid modelling approach in an NVH Simulator using measured on road, CAE, and test bench data. By starting with measured on road data from a previous generation or comparable vehicle, engineers can build virtual prototypes by using a hybrid modeling approach incorporating CAE and/or test bench data to create the desired NVH characteristics. This enables the creation of a virtual drivable model to assess subjectively the vehicles acoustic targets virtually before a prototype vehicle is available. This approach can also be used with, but not limited to
Thom, Brian, Singh, Vinod, Newton, Gary, Rengarajan, Revathi, Radic, Nebojsa
A Comparative Study of Cradle and Sub Frame Type Powertrain Mounting System on Electric Vehicle2021-01-102208/31/2021
The growing demand of fuel and cost saving on vehicle, today’s vehicle manufacturer are working on various weight reduction initiative in EV. Lighter weight vehicle have bigger challenges to meet NVH requirement. There are two types of EV called modified and adopted EV’s are commonly in use. The sub frame type of EV system comes under the category of modified EV. In this paper, a mounting system is studied and compared for a cradle type EV as well as sub frame or saddle type EV. MATLAB based optimization tools are used for parameter optimization. The focus is put on the optimization of mounting system location and stiffness for energy optimization, CoG and TRA-EA optimization. The best engine mounting system is compared and adopted based on simulation. 12 DOF studied to address high frequency resonance issues for a sub frame type EV. Finally robustness of the system is checked based on various simulation and optimization.
Deshmukh, Sagar, Hazra, Sandip
Interior Noise and Tactile Vibration Refinement of Commercial Vehicle Through Experimental Analysis2021-01-107308/31/2021
Noise & Vibration refinement of automotive vehicles is becoming important parameter due to its influence on environmental aspect and comfort perceived by occupants. NVH parameters are driving factors in current vehicle design strategy. Drivers comfort is extremely important, and driver’s expectations from commercial and heavy-duty trucks are as good as refined passenger cars. Other trends in commercial vehicle segment such as engine downsizing, weight, cost reduction and meeting stringent emission norms have influenced vehicle design dynamics. These parameters are critical and often contribute to vehicle NVH issues. Considering these new trends in commercial vehicle segment, it becomes challenging for an NVH engineer to provide optimized solutions. NVH issues could be related to the various subsystems such as driveline, axle, transmission steering wheel etc. in the vehicle and its resonant frequencies. In commercial vehicles, driveline design parameters, power train mounting system and
Sankpal, Kiran, Thakur, Sunil, Kunde, Sagar, Wagh, Sachin, Sharma, Vijay
Virtual Analysis of Engine Mount Stiffness Tuning for Better NVH Performance2021-01-102608/31/2021
If we see from the past and now competition in automotive industry increased tremendously and every car manufacturer are bringing up there innovations into the market and giving a lot of options to the customers to choose and the customer experience as well as satisfaction has become one of the main driver of success for the company. In today’s world of automotive design virtual analysis is playing a crucial role in the design and development. There are software’s that are available in market to simulate practical conditions digitally. Here we are mainly focused on effect of change in engine mount stiffness on acceleration at driver seat rail point using ADAMS. Which facilitates reduction of design of experiments and finalizing optimized stiffness values for engine mounts for engine idle vibration refinement point of view. ADAMS is mechanical system analysis software where we can simulate the dynamic behavior and distribution of loads throughout the system. In this paper we are going
Deshmukh, Sagar, Hazra, Sandip
Systematic Approach to Overcome Cavitation Noise Issue in Decoupled Hydraulic Mount2021-01-102708/31/2021
NVH refinement of passenger vehicle is very much essential to level that customer did not find any irritation. Engine mounting selection and design is critical to achieve targeted NVH performance. Most of OEM’s are using properly tuned hydromount to have best idling NVH performance. Hydro-mount design should be tuned at problematic frequency where we can get the very low dynamic stiffness and can get the required performance. Hydromount should be designed carefully otherwise there will be abnormal noise due to cavitation effect. Cavitation noise is such a noise which is very difficult to identify that it is coming from mount. Cavitation is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a working fluid when local static pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the working fluid. Systematic approach is presented in this paper to detect cavitation noise from hydraulic mount and how to overcome the same.
Deshmukh, Sagar
Influence of Powertrain Mount Stiffness Progressivity on Buzz, Squeak & Rattle Noise for Electric Vehicle2021-01-108908/31/2021
For a modified electric vehicle on the same internal combustion engine (ICE) platform, the primary consideration is to have no change in long member and pendulum type conventional engine mounting system to save development cost and timeline. Electric vehicle (EV) powertrain is comparatively lighter w.r.t the ICE. As a result, the engine mount’s static preload setting point or powertrain centre of gravity under static powertrain load gets changed resulting in a change in stiffness for the same engine mount. As the static stiffness changes, the dynamic stiffness and modal frequency also change. The 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) modal frequency has almost no impact on powertrain modes as EV powertrain modes, mainly, the motor frequency, is much higher than engine mount Eigen modes. In this scenario, the gap management gets disturbed due to less static preload, and non-linearity gets affected. This paper will explain a case study on a modified EV, the change in modal map, its impact vis-a-vis
Hazra, Sandip, K, Janardhan Reddy
Mitigating Vibration for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Cylinder Deactivation Truck2021-01-066104/06/2021
Commercial vehicles require fast aftertreatment heat up in order to move the selective catalyst reduction (SCR) into the most efficient temperature range to meet upcoming NOx regulations. Heavy duty cylinder deactivation (CDA) is an important technology to meet these regulations. One of the challenges with implementing CDA in the heavy-duty market is to ensure acceptable engine and vehicle vibration. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate CDA vibration on a vehicle to acceptable levels. Emphasis was placed at the idle operating condition. Idle is the most challenging operating mode to enable, as deactivating cylinders reduces the frequency of the forcing function due to engine firing, which leads to a need to isolate these lower frequencies. A focused modal analysis of the engine (source), frame (path), and cabin (path/receiver) was used to characterize the vehicle system. The work showed that a change in cab mounts reduced the observed vibration levels dramatically while operating
Pieczko, Matthew, McCarthy, Jr., James, Hamler, Jesse
Vibration Analysis of an Electric Vehicle Mounting System under Transient Shock Conditions2021-01-066404/06/2021
Electric vehicle motors have the characteristics of fast torque response, large amplitude, and braking feedback torque. Therefore, the excitation of the electric vehicle powertrain has obvious transient impact characteristics, which put forward new requirements for the design of the mounting system. This article carried out the real vehicle test of rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration. A 12-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model of the electric vehicle mounting system is established. The model is used to calculate the vibration acceleration of the active side and the passive side of the mount, and compared with the test value to verify the correctness of the simulation model. The impact degree, the maximum pitch angle of the powertrain, and the longitudinal acceleration of the powertrain centroid are used as evaluation indicators to analyze the transient response of the electric vehicle mounting system under rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration conditions. The influence of
Xiao, Bing, Wang, Minghui, Jiang, Yongfeng, Kang, Yingzi
Sound Quality Evaluation Method for Engine Combustion Noise in an Engine Acoustic Test Cell2021-01-067404/06/2021
In order to efficiently enhance engine sound quality under acceleration, the authors have developed an evaluation method for primary judgment of the sound quality of engine combustion noise at the stage of advanced engine development before the prototype vehicle is built. This method is an application of an existing method for evaluating the sound quality of engine combustion noise in vehicle interiors to the evaluation of noise and vibration at an engine acoustic test bench. In this method, it is necessary to consider the air-borne and the structure-borne components separately. The analysis procedure for the air-borne component is as follows. First, the sound pressure at a point 1 m away from the engine and the in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder are measured simultaneously in a semi-anechoic engine dynamometer test chamber. Next, the signal correlated with engine combustion is extracted from the measured sound pressure using the time domain combustion noise separation method. Then
Torii, Kenji, Noumura, Kousuke, Miyazawa, Masaya, Kondo, Takashi
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