Browse Topic: Superchargers

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Optimization of a Positive Displacement Type Supercharger Using Response Surface Modeling (RSM)2026-26-04291/16/2026
Air suction in a naturally aspirated engine is a crucial influencing parameter to dictate the specific fuel consumption and emissions. For a multi-cylinder engine, a turbocharger can well address this issue. However, in a single or two-cylinder engine, the usage of turbocharger is not recommended, due to the lack of availability of continuous exhaust energy pulses. A supercharger solution comes handy in this regard for a single or two-cylinder engine. In this exercise, we explore the possibility of the usage of a positive displacement type supercharger, to enhance the air flow rate of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, diesel engine for genset application, operating at 1500 rpm. The supercharger parametric 3D CAD model was prepared in Creo, with (a) Generating radius, (b) depth of blower and (c) clearance between lobes & lobe and casing, being treated as three parameters. The optimum supercharger design was expected to (a) generate a boost pressure of minimum 0.4 bar (gauge), (b
Satre, Santosh Dadasaheb, Mukherjee, Nalini, Rajput, Surendra, Nene, Devendra
A Material Flow Model for Production Stage for a Life Cycle of Passenger Cars with Combustion Engine and Electric Powertrain2020-01-20209/15/2020
To meet the requirements of sustainable development, car environmental impacts must be assessed at all stages of its life: from designing, through its manufacture and use, to its recycling after use. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) makes it possible. This approach to environmental assessment is necessary, particularly in assessment of new technologies of electric powertrain, where most environmental impacts are shifted from the use stage to production. Reliable and possibly the most recent data are required on materials and production processes to develop a valid flow model. Ecoinvent inventory database is a commonly used source of reliable data. However, Ecoinvent provides data about Golf 4 (1,240 kg), a compact class car. The ratio of glider and drivetrain is therefore optimized for that class. Using the dataset for other vehicle classes by simply considerably increasing or decreasing the total vehicle mass may lead to imprecise results. There is no mathematical relationship that would
Mrozik, Małgorzata, Danilecki, Krzysztof, Eliasz, Jacek
Analysis of the Boost System for a High Performance 2-Stroke Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) Engine2020-01-20079/15/2020
A 2-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine was researched and developed at Brunel University London to achieve higher power-to-mass ratio and thermal efficiency. In the BUSDIG engine concept, the intake scavenge ports are integrated to the cylinder liner and controlled by the movement of piston top while exhaust valves are placed in the cylinder head. Systematic studies on scavenging ports, intake plenum, piston design, valve opening profiles and fuel injection strategies have been performed to investigate and optimise the scavenging performance and in-cylinder fuel/air mixing process for optimised combustion process. In order to achieve superior power performance with higher thermal efficiency, the evaluation and optimisation of the boost system for a 1.0 L 2-cylinder 2-stroke BUSDIG engine were performed in this study using one dimensional (1D) engine simulations. The results show that the engine exhaust valve opening (EVO) timing and exhaust
Wang, Xinyan, Zhao, Hua
Experimental Evaluation of Steady State Performance of an Automotive Electric Supercharger2020-37-00086/23/2020
Nowadays, the electric supercharger for turbocharged downsized automotive engines is mainly used to improve torque at low engine speeds in order to obtain an improvement of the time to boost. These components are usually designed to fill the gap in terms of torque in transient operation caused by the main turbocharger with reference to the typical turbo lag issues. An advanced solution of the engine boosting system was taken into account, considering the adoption of an e-booster system coupled to a waste-gated turbocharger, typically adopted alone in order to provide a reduced turbo-lag, i.e. an optimized transient response of the system. In the experimental activity described in this work, the maximum speed of the e-booster used is about 70000 rpm, the maximum pressure ratio is 1.5 and the maximum power required on the shaft is less than 4 kW. The compressor unit have to be maintained in the idle condition in order to avoid excessive electric consumption and overheating problem when
Marelli, Silvia, Usai, Vittorio
Ford ‘cranks’ it up with another big V8 for Mustang19AUTP09_119/1/2019
When Ford introduced the Mustang Shelby GT350 in 2015, it was the pinnacle of Mustang-ness thanks to its 5.2-L DOHC “Voodoo” V8 that featured a flat-plane crankshaft design to enable sky-high revs (the GT350's 8200-rpm redline is one reason Ferrari has long specified flat-plane V8s) and a rollicking 526 hp at 7,500. Then there's the exotic “rip” exhaust note unique to flat-plane V8s. But contemporary musclecar development times seemingly are as quick as their ever-dropping 0-to-60 mph runs-and before Ford released the Shelby GT350, its SAE-certified 526 hp already had been eclipsed by the 707-hp supercharged 6.2-L Hemi V8 in the Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat and later the 797-hp Hellcat Redeye. Prior to all this, GM's Chevrolet started the hyper-power frenzy by generating 650 hp from the supercharged 6.2-L OHV V8 launched for the 2012 Camaro ZL1.
Visnic, Bill
2-Stroke Engine Options for Automotive Use: A Fundamental Comparison of Different Potential Scavenging Arrangements for Medium-Duty Truck Applications2019-01-00711/15/2019
The work presented here seeks to compare different means of providing scavenging systems for an automotive 2-stroke engine. It follows on from previous work solely investigating uniflow scavenging systems, and aims to provide context for the results discovered there as well as to assess the benefits of a new scavenging system: the reverse-uniflow sleeve-valve. For the study the general performance of the engine was taken to be suitable to power a medium-duty truck, and all of the concepts discussed here were compared in terms of indicated fuel consumption for the same cylinder swept volume using a one-dimensional engine simulation package. In order to investigate the sleeve-valve designs layout drawings and analysis of the Rolls-Royce Crecy-type sleeve had to be undertaken. A new methodology for optimization was developed and the analysis process also took into account work done by the charging system, this being assumed to be a combination of supercharger and turbocharger to permit
Turner, James W. G., Head, Robert A., Chang, Junseok, Engineer, Nayan, Wijetunge, Roshan, Blundell, David W., Burke, Paul
Study of a Turbocharged Engine for Motorbike Application2018-32-007910/30/2018
Nowadays, the engine charging practice is widely adopted in the automotive field in relation to the “downsizing” technology: the reduction of the displacement and the adoption of a higher boost pressure, through a charging system, allow shifting the engine operating point in a zone of higher efficiency for a given engine torque. On the other hand, given a certain displacement, a supercharger can be adopted to increase the performance of the engine. The objective of this work is to provide a detailed analysis about the feasibility of the implementation of a charged engine to a motorbike, with main focus on the possibility to achieve a challenging performance target: in a first stage, several engine architectures (In-line, V-configuration, Boxer) together with different charging concepts (centrifugal or volumetric compressor, with mechanical or fluid-dynamic connection to the engine) have been analyzed from the point of view of packaging. In a second part, a V4 engine architecture has
Bevilacqua, Vincenzo, Corvaglia, Giovanni, Fuoss, Klaus, Penzel, Matthias
2019 Dodge Challenger: Deceased Demon seeds stronger and wider muscle-car lineup18AUTP09_109/1/2018
The 2019 Dodge Challenger lineup sees a savvy refresh that keenly redistributes its muscle-car strengths. With the one-model-year-only Demon passing into quarter-mile lore, its bawdy 808-hp supercharged V8 has been reapplied to create a more powerful Redeye version of the supercharged Challenger SRT Hellcat. Both the “regular” Hellcat and new Redeye version will be available in normal or Widebody configurations, though the shapely sheetmetal option is no longer a Hellcat exclusive. For 2019, the track-focused, naturally aspirated Challenger R/T Scat Pack trim will also be available with the wider track and fenders. The organ donation continues with a new Hemi-powered “1320” model receiving some of the Demon's drag racing tech to make it the new choice for quarter-mile aficionados.
Seredynski, Paul
Modeling and Validation of a Roots-type Supercharger Using GT-SUITE2018-01-01644/3/2018
Superchargers are engine driven positive displacement devices which increase the air mass flow into the engine, thereby leading to a better combustion efficiency. This gives an advantage of extracting more power from the same engine [1], thereby reducing emissions and achieving a better fuel economy [2]. With emission norms getting more and more stringent, the need for boosting engine intake air becomes very important [3]. There are many types of superchargers based on design [4], out of which, the roots-type positive displacement supercharger, is discussed in here. A 1-dimensional model of supercharger gives flexibility of choosing the right aspect ratio (length to the diameter of the rotor), deciding on the clearances (a tradeoff between volumetric efficiency and manufacturing capabilities) and arriving at the inlet and discharge port dimensions. The dependency of the above parameters on mass flow rate of air and volumetric efficiency of the supercharger can be studied in good depth
S, Pradhan, P. K., Jeemon
Analysis of the Hardware Requirements for a Heavily Downsized Gasoline Engine Capable of Whole Map Lambda 1 Operation2018-01-09754/3/2018
MAHLE has developed a heavily downsized demonstrator engine to explore the limits, and potential benefits, of engine downsizing. The 1.2 litre, 3-cylinder, MAHLE downsizing (Di3) engine, in conjunction with an Aeristech 48 V electric supercharger (eSupercharger, eSC), achieves a BMEP level of 35 bar and a specific power output in excess of 160 kW/litre. The eSupercharger enables high specific power output, good low speed torque and excellent transient response. The resulting heavily downsized engine has been installed into a demonstrator vehicle that also features 48 V mild hybridization. At specific power output levels above 90 kW/litre the engine is operated with excess fuel in order to protect the turbine from excessive exhaust gas temperatures. In this analytical study, the boosting system requirements to maintain lambda 1 fuelling, via the use of EGR, across the entire engine operating map for the eSupercharged version of the MAHLE Di3 engine, have been explored. It has been found
Bassett, Mike, Vogler, Christian, Hall, Jonathan, Taylor, James, Cooper, Adrian, Reader, Simon, Gray, Kevin, Wall, Richard
Thermodynamic and Practical Benefits of Waste Energy Recovery Using an Electric Turbo-Generator Under Different Boosting Methods2018-01-08514/3/2018
This paper provides insight into the tradeoffs between exhaust energy recovery and increased pumping losses from the flow restriction of the electric turbo-generator (eTG) assessed using thermodynamic principles and with a detailed GT-Power engine model. The GT-Power engine model with a positive displacement expander model was used to predict the influence of back pressure on in-cylinder residuals and combustion. The eTG is assessed for two boosting arrangements: a conventional turbocharger (TC) and an electrically assisted variable speed (EAVS) supercharger (SC). Both a low pressure (post-turbine) and high pressure (pre-turbine) eTG are considered for the turbocharged configuration. The reduction in fuel consumption (FC) possible over various drive cycles is estimated based on the steady-state efficiency of frequently visited operating points assuming all recovered energy can be reused at an engine efficiency of 30% with 10% losses in the electrical path. On the city FTP and US06
Kiwan, Rani, Middleton, Robert, Stefanopoulou, Anna
Divided Exhaust Period Implementation in a Light-Duty Turbocharged Dual-Fuel RCCI Engine for Improved Fuel Economy and Aftertreatment Thermal Management: A Simulation Study2018-01-02564/3/2018
Although turbocharging can extend the high load limit of low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies such as reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), the low exhaust enthalpy prevalent in these strategies necessitates the use of high exhaust pressures for improving turbocharger efficiency, causing high pumping losses and poor fuel economy. To mitigate these pumping losses, the divided exhaust period (DEP) concept is proposed. In this concept, the exhaust gas is directed to two separate manifolds: the blowdown manifold which is connected to the turbocharger and the scavenging manifold that bypasses the turbocharger. By separately actuating the exhaust valves using variable valve actuation, the exhaust flow is split between two manifolds, thereby reducing the overall engine backpressure and lowering pumping losses. In this paper, results from zero-dimensional and one-dimensional simulations of a multicylinder RCCI light-duty engine equipped with DEP are presented. It is shown
Bharath, Anand Nageswaran, Reitz, Rolf, Rutland, Christopher
Improved Techniques in Intake Acoustic System Modeling of a Supercharged Engine2017-01-17906/5/2017
Vehicle noise emission requirements are becoming more stringent each passing year. Pass-by noise requirement for passenger vehicles is now 74 dB (A) in some parts of the world. The common focus areas for noise treatment in the vehicle are primarily on three sub-systems i.e., engine compartment, exhaust systems and power train systems. Down- sizing and down- speeding of engines, without compromising on power output, has meant use of boosting technologies that have produced challenges in order to design low-noise intake systems which minimize losses and also meet today’s vehicle emission regulations. In a boosted system, there are a variety of potential noise sources in the intake system. Thus an understanding of the noise source strength in each component of the intake system is needed. One such boosting system consists of Turbo-Super configuration with various components, including an air box, supercharger, an outlet manifold, and an intercooler. In the present work, full system level
Patil, Vinayak H., Sara, Ravi Kumar, Milind, T. R., Glover, Rodney C.
A Variable Displacement Supercharger Performance Evaluation2017-01-06403/28/2017
The Variable Displacement Supercharger (VDS) is a twin helical screw style compressor that has a feature to change its displacement and its compression ratio actively during vehicle operation. This device can reduce the parasitic losses associated with supercharging and improve the relative fuel economy of a supercharged engine. Supercharging is a boosting choice with several advantages over turbocharging. There is fast pressure delivery to the engine intake manifold for fast engine torque response providing the fun to drive feel. The performance delivered by a supercharger can enable engine fuel economy actions to include engine downsizing and downspeeding. The cost and difficulty of engineering hot exhaust components is eliminated when using only an air side compressor. Faster catalyst warm up can be achieved when not warming the turbine housing of a turbocharger. To quantify these effects, a 2.0L Ford Eco-Boost® engine was chosen for an analytical comparison of three boosting
Wade, Robert, Murphy, Steven, Cross, Paul, Hansen, Craig
Development and Implementation of a Common Rail Fuel Injection System for Flexible Combustion for an Experimental Medium Duty Diesel Engine2017-01-07903/28/2017
In order to advance the current research engine to operate in advanced combustion modes such as reactivity controlled compression ignition RCCI a diesel common rail fuel injection system for the experimental research engine has been designed and developed through testing the hydraulic, electrical and electronics, mechanical subcomponents, and the controls strategies. This study presents the process taken based on the verification and validation model of design and development for the fuel injection system incorporating hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing prior to engine operation and subsequent engine validation. Software verification was completed through signal converting circuits to confirm precise injection timing and to test the system in a mean effective model to incorporate a PI speed controller along with consistent rail pressure. Initial operation of the common rail system integrated on the direct injected single-cylinder medium duty engine resulted in flexible combustion
Soloiu, Valentin, Gaubert, Remi, Muinos, Martin, Moncada, Jose, Beyerl, Thomas, Molina, Gustavo
Feasibility and Design Analysis of a Pressure Wave Supercharger Adaption on a 600 cm 3 Spark Ignited Engine2017-01-10373/28/2017
This paper introduces an improved design for pressure wave superchargers used in recreational vehicles (RV) such as motorbikes or snowmobiles equipped with smaller engines. A pressure wave supercharger (PWS), commonly known as Comprex (or Hyprex), is generally used to lower the emissions. Additionally, in comparison to a standard turbocharger (TC) system, a PWS system demonstrates superior torque response behavior. However, a major disadvantage of the Comprex are its high noise emissions and expensive manufacture. For this reason, the goal of this study was to eliminate these shortcomings and to propose a new design for a pressure wave supercharger, which is simple and relatively inexpensive to produce. In this paper, the conceptual design development of this new type of PWS is presented. The methods used were the evaluation of an existing Comprex’s design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Though the new concept differed substantially in certain areas in comparison to
Haidinger, Christoph, Kriegler, Wolfgang, Millward-Sadler, Adrian, Eder, Philipp
Characterization of Small-Scale Turbochargers for Unmanned Aerial Systems2016-32-007811/8/2016
Aircraft engine power is degraded with increasing altitude according to the resultant reduction in air pressure, temperature, and density. One way to mitigate this problem is through turbo-normalization of the air being supplied to the engine. Supercharger and turbocharger components suffer from a well-recognized loss in efficiency as they are scaled down in order to match the reduced mass flow demands of small-scale Internal Combustion Engines. This is due in large part to problems related to machining tolerance limitations, such as the increase in relative operating clearances, and increased blade thickness relative to the flow area. As Internal Combustion Engines decrease in size, they also suffer from efficiency losses owing primarily to thermal loss. This amplifies the importance of maximizing the efficiency of all sub-systems in order to minimize specific fuel consumption and enhance overall aircraft performance. The lack of published performance data for many commercially sold
Mataczynski, Mark R., Litke, Paul, Naguy, Benjamin, Baranski, Jacob
Boosting Technologies and Limits for Small Combustion Engines2016-32-007711/8/2016
Two-cylinder engines not only have special demands concerning uniformity and dynamics of oscillating masses and firing order, but also place very different demands on the turbocharger. With two-cylinder engines, the pulsating influence grows and changes the operation of the turbine. In this paper different boosting technologies are compared in small engine applications. Besides turbochargers the potentials and limits of superchargers and electric chargers are compared as well as their combinations. These technologies show differences concerning power supply, operation range and efficiency, and these effects have different implications in small engines. The efficiency of a turbo compressor, for example decreases, rapidly for small dimensions. Results from experiments and engine process simulations are shown based on a two-cylinder engine of 0.8l displacement. The operating condition of a turbocharger turbine in a two-cylinder engine is very specific due to exhaust pulsations. To
Baar, Roland, Boxberger, Valerius, Gern, Maike Sophie
Development of a Gasoline Direct Injector Fouling Test and Its Application to Study of Keep-Clean Performance at Different Additive Treat Rates2016-01-224810/17/2016
As direct injection technology in gasoline engines has become increasingly sophisticated to seek better performance, even a small amount of deposit can have a negative effect on the functionality of injectors. Against such a background, gasoline with effective additives is expected to fix this issue, however, the clean-up and keep-clean processes are not fully understood. In this study, a direct injector fouling test has been developed in order to inspect in more detail injector fouling phenomena in gasoline engines. The test engine used was a 2012 downsized supercharged direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine equipped with an injector of maximum 15MPa injection pressure. The test fuel consisted of one regular grade gasoline (RG) and three premium grade gasoline with different concentrations of detergent. In the study, it was validated that the developed engine test generates gasoline direct injector deposit (GDID), and SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of GDID inside and
Miura, Yuichiro, Miyahara, Kensaku, Sasaki, Shinya, Kashio, Tsuyoshi, Yoshida, Katsumi
The Upper-Load Extension of a Boosted Direct Injection Poppet Valve Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine2016-01-233910/17/2016
Engine downsizing can effectively improve the fuel economy of spark ignition (SI) gasoline engines, but extreme downsizing is limited by knocking combustion and low-speed pre-ignition at higher loads. A 2-stroke SI engine can produce higher upper load compared to its naturally aspirated 4-stroke counterpart with the same displacement due to the double firing frequency at the same engine speed. To determine the potential of a downsized two-cylinder 2-stroke poppet valve SI gasoline engine with 0.7 L displacement in place of a naturally aspirated 1.6 L gasoline (NA4SG) engine, one-dimensional models for the 2-stroke gasoline engine with a single turbocharger and a two-stage supercharger-turbocharger boosting system were set up and validated by experimental results. The simulation results show that when a single-stage turbocharger with wastegate is used in the two-cylinder 2-stroke poppet valve gasoline engine, a compressor with high pressure ratio at low mass flow rate should be selected
Fu, Xue-Qing, He, Bang-Quan, Zhao, Hua
A Study on Improvement of Fuel Economy of Heavy Duty Hybrid Trucks with New Type of Hybrid Electric Assist Engine System2016-01-235810/17/2016
In order to improve the fuel economy of the heavy duty trucks at a highway driving condition, the heavy duty hybrid trucks with new type of hybrid electric assist engine system were proposed at the previous report. The new system consists of a downsizing diesel engine with a two-stage charging structure, which has an electric supercharger with bypass circuit and a conventional turbocharger, the hybrid electric motor and the small-capacity battery. The electric power consumption of an electric supercharger is equivalent to the amount of the regeneration power produced during high-speed driving where the opportunity of the regeneration is small. In this report, an electric supercharger for the heavy duty hybrid truck was produced experimentally. First, the engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated using the 4 cylinder diesel engine equipped with an electric supercharger. Next, the fuel economy of this heavy duty hybrid truck driving in a Japanese in-city mode and a
Okui, Nobunori
Volvo S90: Niche for now, but…16AUTP10_1110/1/2016
It's no secret the reconstituted Volvo, since 2010 owned by China's Zhejiang Geely, is doing interesting and innovative things-one of the most intriguing, maybe, being that it's survived and in some senses thrived (particularly if fellow Swedish auto brand Saab is used as a measure) under Geely's control. Fact is that Volvo and Geely have shut up the naysayers: in the nearly seven years Geely's been in charge, a studied and benevolent guidance (not to mention $11 billion in product-development funding announced in 2012) has delivered a Volvo that's somehow managed to evolve its brand back to a relevancy few thought it could ever recover.
Visnic, Bill
Comparison of High- and Low-Pressure Electric Supercharging of a HDD Engine: Steady State and Dynamic Air-Path Considerations2016-01-10354/5/2016
This paper numerically investigates the performance implications of the use of an electric supercharger in a heavy-duty DD13 diesel engine. Two electric supercharger configurations are examined. The first is a high-pressure (HP) configuration where the supercharger is placed after the turbocharger compressor, while the second is a low-pressure (LP) one, where the supercharger is placed before the turbocharger compressor. At steady state, high engine speed operation, the airflows of the HP and LP implementations can vary by as much as 20%. For transient operation under the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) heavy duty diesel (HDD) engine transient drive cycle, supercharging is required only at very low engine speeds to improve airflow and torque. Under the low speed transient conditions, both the LP and HP configurations show similar increases in torque response so that there are 44 fewer engine cycles at the smoke-limit relative to the baseline turbocharged engine. When the requested engine
Salehi, Rasoul, Martz, Jason, Stefanopoulou, Anna, Hansen, Taylor, Haughton, Andrew
Coding, Evaluation, Comparison, Ranking and Optimum Selection of Supercharger2016-01-02934/5/2016
The paper expresses an important issue of optimum selection of a supercharger for a given application from the global market in the presence of a variety of superchargers available commercially off the shelf (COTS). Coding scheme suggested is based on developing an attribute based scheme for all superchargers available off the shelf. N-digit coding scheme provides in-depth understanding of all the attributes to be considered by the customers, designers, engineers and engineers of the industry for further improvement. We also aim to create exhaustive database of superchargers along with their attributes. The paper adopts a MADM-TOPSIS (Multiple Attribute Decision Making -Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique and graphical methods that are being used widely in different disciplines and are published. The method ensures that the optimum supercharger is closest to the hypothetically best solution and farthest from the worst solution. This technique
Singh, Jaspreet, Agrawal, Vishnu
Developing a Performance Specification for an Electric Supercharger to Satisfy a Range of Downsized Gasoline Engine Applications2016-01-10414/5/2016
Extreme engine downsizing is a modern solution aimed towards the goal of meeting new emissions regulations for internal combustion engines. A higher percentage downsized engine will produce less CO2. By extension, a higher boost level is required to generate high engine torque performance. The transient load step of a higher boost system at low RPM is currently an issue for conventional boosting. Aeristech has developed an electric supercharger to be matched with a conventional turbocharger to create a new type of two stage boosting system and a simpler downsized gasoline engine usable in mainstream vehicle segments. Whereas most electric pressure charging devices are capable of transient output to alleviate turbo lag. The electric supercharger is capable of steady-state air delivery. This makes the electric supercharger a dual-function device, alleviating turbo lag and also supplementing the compressor map of the turbocharger or main boost device. The electric supercharger thus acts
Tran, Hiep Hoang, Richard, Bryn, Gray, Kevin, Hall, Jonathon M.
SuperGen - A Novel Low Costs Electro-Mechanical Mild Hybrid and Boosting System for Engine Efficiency Enhancements2016-01-06824/5/2016
SuperGen is a Belt Integrated Starter Generator (B-ISG) combined with a novel electro-mechanical power split transmission system providing variable speed centrifugal supercharger capability, all in one compact package. This paper initially discusses the analysis of SuperGen application to a gasoline SUV in order to examine the BISG power and voltage mild hybrid functionality trade-off versus fuel consumption reduction on drive cycle. A significant engine down speeding was also applied based on the low speed torque enhancement afforded by SuperGen boosting capability, both transiently, and sustainably at steady state engine operation. This has been demonstrated and reported on the well-published Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) Ultraboost project. Finally, the part load “boost-ondemand” was used to evaluate advanced combustion modes not easily achievable with conventional turbocharger technology, namely; aggressive Miller cycle with early inlet valve closing; EGR diluted stoichiometric
King, Jason, Barker, Luke, Turner, James, Martin, John
Comparison of Supercharging Concepts for SI Engine Downsizing2016-01-10324/5/2016
The paper reviews the design of the supercharging system for a strongly downsized engine, to be installed on a sport car. Design is supported by cfd-1d engine simulations, using an experimentally calibrated model. The goal of the supercharging system is to deliver the required values of boost pressure at steady operating conditions, and to maintain or improve the full size engine response during acceleration (one of the most critical issues for downsized engines). Two options have been considered: 1) two-stage turbocharging, with two small turbochargers as a high-pressure stage, and one big turbo as low pressure stage (referred to as “TRITURBO”; 2) two-stage supercharging made up of one low pressure stage turbocharger and one electric supercharger (referred to as “E-SUPER”). It was found that both configurations not only allow the downsized engine to comply with the performance targets at wide open throttle, steady conditions, but they are also able to improve the transient response in
Mattarelli, Enrico, Rinaldini, Carlo Alberto, Agostinelli, Enrico
Synchronization and Visualization of Arbitrary Streams (SAVORS)TBMG-236851/1/2016
The purpose of SAVORS is to supercharge the command-line tools already used by administrators with powerful visualizations that help them understand the output much more rapidly and with far greater scalability across systems. SAVORS not only supports the output of existing commands, but does so in a manner consistent with those commands by combining the line-editing capabilities of vi, the rapid window manipulation of GNU screen, the power and compactness of Perl expressions, and the elegance of UNIX pipelines.
Chassis Development for the Motorcycle With High Power Output Supercharged Engine2015-32-072311/17/2015
In motorcycles, the size and output performance of the engine itself has a major effect on the maneuverability of the motorcycle. In particular for cases where a high output engine is mounted on a lightweight frame, these effects are even more of a concern. In the case of developing a racing motorcycle with a high power engine, the behavior of the motorcycle differs depending on the output range used and there are a lot of cases where changes to the basic dimensions of the motorcycle as well as the main components are required. Here, there are a lot of cases where the rider and drive-able courses are limited to compatibility with distinct specifications and when considering use as a general mass production motorcycle by riders with varying levels of skills and in various environments, it difficult to determine how to provide support. In the case of installing a high output engine on a general mass production motorcycle that is not for racing, ensuring of robustness of motorcycle
Ishii, Hiroshi, Saeki, Daisuke, Yamamoto, Tomo, Morikawa, Manabu, Sakurada, Eiji, Ichikawa, Kazuhiro, Sonoda, Seiichi, Nagata, Taku, Kimura, Toshiyuki
Development of a Supercharged Engine for Motorcycle with a Centrifugal Supercharger2015-32-072911/17/2015
1 In the development of motorcycle engines, a strong feeling of power, an element of being fun to ride has continued strong demand. However, demand to meet environmental performance, a conflicting element, has increased dramatically in recent years and a breakthrough technology that achieves both environmental performance and a feeling of power is in demand. Here, the newly developed engine has greatly enhanced feeling of power while clearing stringent environmental restrictions through use of a centrifugal type supercharger. However, there were several problems that had to be resolved with regards to application of a supercharger to a motorcycle engine. In applying a supercharger to a motorcycle, a major problem is the best way to keep the engine size from increasing in size. The engine, which is the heaviest parts on a motorcycle greatly affects motorcycle maneuverability so it must be compact and the mass concentrated. Another one of the problems was suppression of knocking to the
Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Ichi, Satoaki, Saito, Masahito, Arima, Kazuki, Ishibashi, Yasushi
Analysis for Influence of Inhomogeneity of Air-Fuel Mixture to Super-Knock Caused by Pre-ignition in Supercharged Direct-Injected SI Engine Based on Numerical Calculation2015-01-18669/1/2015
Nowadays, highly super charging is required corresponded to downsizing concept for improving thermal efficiency in direct-injected spark ignition (DISI) engine. However, highly super charging increases the possibility of super-knock caused by pre-ignition. Recently, in many studies, the reason of pre-ignition has been investigated but the reason why pre-ignition leads such strong knocking called super-knock has not been investigated. In DISI engine, it is estimated that there is more inhomogeneity of equivalence ratio and temperature of air-fuel mixture than it in port injection SI engine. In this study, factors which decide self-ignition timing was reviewed and the influence of inhomogeneity of air-fuel mixture to super-knock was investigated based on numerical calculation.
Negoro, Keito, Seki, Yuichi, Nishi, Mina, Iida, Norimasa, Matsuura, Katsuya, Sato, Yoshihisa
Explore and Extend the Effectiveness of Turbo-compounding in a 2.0 litres Gasoline Engine2015-01-12794/14/2015
After years of study and improvement, turbochargers in passenger cars now generally have very high efficiency. This is advantageous, but on the other hand, due to their high efficiency, only a small portion of the exhaust energy is needed for compressing the intake air, which means further utilization of waste heat is restricted. From this point of view, a turbo-compounding arrangement has significant advantage over a turbocharger in converting exhaust energy as it is immune to the upper power demand limit of the compressor. However, with the power turbine being located in series with the main turbine, power losses are incurred due to the higher back pressure which increases the pumping losses. This paper evaluates the effectiveness that the turbo-compounding arrangement has on a 2.0 litres gasoline engine and seeks to draw a conclusion on whether the produced power is sufficient to offset the increased pumping work. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the baseline engine model in this
Lu, Pengfei, Brace, Chris, Hu, Bo
Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines for Small-Medium Passenger Cars2015-01-12844/14/2015
Among all the reciprocating internal combustion engines, gasoline two-strokes can reach the highest specific power, making this technology a natural enabler of downsizing and/or down-speeding. In addition, multi-cylinder 2-stroke engines may be an ideal match for electrical superchargers, providing very efficient power units. The paper explores through CFD-1d simulations and empirical hypotheses the potential of a 3-cylinder, 1.0 liter, GDI 2-stroke turbocharged engine featuring a patented rotary valve for the optimization of the scavenging process, the latter being of the loop type (piston-controlled ports). The lubrication system is the same of a 4-stroke engine (no crankcase pumps). The supercharging system is made up of a turbocharger and an electric compressor, serially connected. The power of the electric compressor is limited to 2 kW, in order to comply with standard automotive 12 V electric systems. The proposed engine easily achieves the goal of 95 kW at 4500 rpm, and 210 Nm
Mattarelli, Enrico, Rinaldini, Carlo Alberto
Effects of Charging System Variability on the Performance and Fuel Economy of a Supercharged Spark-Ignition Engine2015-01-12864/14/2015
The paper discusses the effects of various charging system technologies on the performance and fuel consumption of a modern supercharged engine, the Jaguar Land Rover AJ126 3.0 litre V6. The goal of the project was to improve performance and reduce the fuel consumption of the standard engine by researching new technologies around the supercharger. As standard the AJ126 engine uses an Eaton R1320 supercharger with a fixed ratio drive from the crankshaft and no clutch. The project sought to investigate the effect of three novel technologies providing various levels of improvement to the basic specification: a new V1270C V-series supercharger from Eaton with improved low-speed volumetric efficiency (in order to quantify potential improvements in low-speed torque), a clutch to disengage the supercharger completely (to investigate the effect of parasitic losses through churning in the supercharger), and finally a variable-ratio supercharger drive system allowing increased control of air
Meghani, A., Allen, J., Turner, J.W.G., Popplewell, A., Marshall, D.J., Hoyle, J.S., McBroom, S., Urista, R., Bazyn, M.
Thermal Efficiency Enhancement of a Gasoline Engine2015-01-12634/14/2015
The goal of this research was to improve thermal efficiency under conditions of stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and 91 RON (Research Octane Number) gasoline fuel. Increasing compression ratio and dilution are effective means to increase the thermal efficiency of gasoline engines. Increased compression ratio is associated with issues such as slow combustion, increased cooling loss, and engine knocking. Against these challenges, a higher stroke-bore ratio (S/B ratio) and a lower effective compression ratio were tried as countermeasures. With respect to increased dilution, combustion of a high-EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) was tried. High-energy ignition and optimized combustion chamber shape with high tumble port were tried as countermeasures against slow combustion and reduced ignitability due to a higher EGR rate. As a result of this study on single cylinder engine, a brake thermal efficiency of 45% was achieved at an engine speed of 2000 rpm with a S/B ratio of 1.5, a compression
Ikeya, Kenichiro, Takazawa, Masanobu, Yamada, Taketo, Park, Shinrak, Tagishi, Ryutaro
A New De-throttling Concept in a Twin-Charged Gasoline Engine System2015-01-12584/14/2015
Throttling loss of downsized gasoline engines is significantly smaller than that of naturally aspirated counterparts. However, even the extremely downsized gasoline engine can still suffer a relatively large throttling loss when operating under part load conditions. Various de-throttling concepts have been proposed recently, such as using a FGT or VGT turbine on the intake as a de-throttling mechanism or applying valve throttling to control the charge airflow. Although they all can adjust the mass air flow without a throttle in regular use, an extra component or complicated control strategies have to be adopted. This paper will, for the first time, propose a de-throttling concept in a twin-charged gasoline engine with minimum modification of the existing system. The research engine model which this paper is based on is a 60% downsized 2.0L four cylinder gasoline demonstrator engine with both a supercharger and turbocharger on the intake. The idea is to use a CVT driven supercharger to
Hu, Bo, Copeland, Colin, Lu, Pengfei, Akehurst, Sam, Brace, Chris, Turner, J.W.G, Romagnoli, Alessandro, Martinez-Botas, Ricardo
SuperGen on Ultraboost: Variable-Speed Centrifugal Supercharging as an Enabling Technology for Extreme Engine Downsizing2015-01-12824/14/2015
The paper discusses investigations into improving the full-load and transient performance of the Ultraboost extreme downsizing engine by the application of the SuperGen variable-speed centrifugal supercharger. Since its output stage speed is decoupled from that of the crankshaft, SuperGen is potentially especially attractive in a compound pressure-charging system. Such systems typically comprise a turbocharger, which is used as the main charging device, compounded at lower charge mass flow rates by a supercharger used as a second boosting stage. Because of its variable drive ratio, SuperGen can be blended in and out continuously to provide seamless driveability, as opposed to the alternative of a clutched, single-drive-ratio positive-displacement device. In this respect its operation is very similar to that of an electrically-driven compressor, although it is voltage agnostic and can supply other hybrid functionality, too. In the work reported here a prototype SuperGen unit was tested
Turner, J.W.G., Popplewell, A., Marshall, D.J., Johnson, T.R., Barker, L., King, J., Martin, J., Lewis, A.G.J., Akehurst, S., Brace, C.J., Copeland, C.D.
A New Turboexpansion Concept in a Twin-Charged Engine System2014-01-259610/13/2014
Engines equipped with pressure charging systems are more prone to knock partly due the increased intake temperature. Meanwhile, turbocharged engines when operating at high engine speeds and loads cannot fully utilize the exhaust energy as the wastegate is opened to prevent overboost. The turboexpansion concept thus is conceived to reduce the intake temperature by utilizing some otherwise unexploited exhaust energy. This concept can be applied to any turbocharged engines equipped with both a compressor and a turbine-like expander on the intake loop. The turbocharging system is designed to achieve maximum utilization of the exhaust energy, from which the intake charge is over-boosted. After the intercooler, the turbine-like expander expands the over-compressed intake charge to the required plenum pressure and reduces its temperature whilst recovering some energy through the connection to the crankshaft. It is anticipated that such a concept has benefits for knock resistance and energy
Hu, Bo, Copeland, Colin, Brace, Chris, Akehurst, Sam, Romagnoli, Alessandro, Martinez-Botas, Ricardo, Turner, J.W.G
Design, Simulation, and Testing of a Pressure Wave Supercharger for a Small Internal Combustion Engine2014-01-21369/16/2014
The engines used to power small unmanned aerial systems are often modified commercial products designed for use by hobbyists on small model aircraft at low altitude. For military applications, it is desirable to fly at high altitudes. Maintaining power from the engine at the reduced ambient air pressures associated with high altitudes requires some method of increasing air delivery to the intake manifold. Conventional turbochargers and superchargers are typically very inefficient for the low mass flows associated with small engines. Due to its unique characteristics, a pressure wave supercharger (PWS) can avoid many scaling-related losses. This project designed a small-scale PWS for turbo-normalization of a Brison 95 cc two-stroke engine for a small unmanned aerial vehicle. A larger PWS called the Comprex®, designed by Brown Boveri Company, was simulated using a quasi-one-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center. This code was able
Mataczynski, Mark, Hoke, John, Paxson, Daniel, Polanka, Marc D.
Mechanically Supercharged 2.4L GDI Engine for Improved Fuel Economy and Low Speed Torque Improvement2014-01-11864/1/2014
This paper describes the simulation, design, and testing of a mechanically supercharged 2.4L I-4 gasoline direct injection engine with Miller cycle late intake valve closing and high geometric compression ratio. Engine downspeeding is also achieved through modified transmission gear ratios. A 3.3L naturally-aspirated V6 engine was chosen as the benchmark for comparison. Intended vehicle application is a mid-size passenger car or small/mid-size CUV. The CAE tool GT-Power was used for component selection and air path development. The powertrain simulation model was then exercised to show both improved fuel economy and performance compared to the V6 baseline engine. The design of a bespoke integrated supercharger with magnetic clutch, charge air cooler, and intake manifold was made and procured. A large new software aggregate was ported into an existing production ECU with modified internal circuitry. Volumetric efficiency was calibrated using automated engine mapping techniques and
Birckett, Aaron, Engineer, Nayan, Arlauskas, Paul, Shirley, Mark, Neuman, Paul
Engine Parameter Optimization for Improved Engine and Drive Cycle Efficiency for Boosted, GDI Engines with Different Boosting System Architecture2014-01-12044/1/2014
As boosted, direct injected gasoline engines become more prevalent in the automotive market, the boosting system architecture and efficiency are intimately entwined with the efficiency and performance of the engine. Single-stage as well as two-stage boosting systems, comprising of either two turbochargers or a supercharger in combination with a turbocharger, are potential configurations. When combining an internal combustion engine with boosting hardware, a mechanical, fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic coupling is created and the system as a whole will need to be treated as such. For the initial selection of the boost system, it is important to match all of the engine design features, such as the engine's compression ratio, valve profiles and intake and exhaust components as well as to adjust and optimize all engine controls' calibration parameters. 1-D engine cycle simulations in combination with engine experimental testing were utilized to explore optimum engine configurations and
Amann, Manfred, Ouwenga, Daniel
Ultra Boost for Economy: Extending the Limits of Extreme Engine Downsizing2014-01-11854/1/2014
The paper discusses the concept, design and final results from the ‘Ultra Boost for Economy’ collaborative project, which was part-funded by the Technology Strategy Board, the UK's innovation agency. The project comprised industry- and academia-wide expertise to demonstrate that it is possible to reduce engine capacity by 60% and still achieve the torque curve of a modern, large-capacity naturally-aspirated engine, while encompassing the attributes necessary to employ such a concept in premium vehicles. In addition to achieving the torque curve of the Jaguar Land Rover naturally-aspirated 5.0 litre V8 engine (which included generating 25 bar BMEP at 1000 rpm), the main project target was to show that such a downsized engine could, in itself, provide a major proportion of a route towards a 35% reduction in vehicle tailpipe CO2 on the New European Drive Cycle, together with some vehicle-based modifications and the assumption of stop-start technology being used instead of hybridization
Turner, J.W.G., Popplewell, A., Patel, R., Johnson, T.R., Darnton, N.J., Richardson, S., Bredda, S.W., Tudor, R.J., Bithell, C.I., Jackson, R., Remmert, S.M., Cracknell, R.F., Fernandes, J.X., Lewis, A.G.J., Akehurst, S., Brace, C.J., Copeland, C., Martinez-Botas, R., Romagnoli, A., Burluka, A.A.
Banks Super-Turbo Freightliner a testbed for advanced technology1175311/27/2013
The engineering behind this souped-up Class 8 truck that screamed up Pikes Peak earlier this year was detailed at the 2013 SEMA Show by Gale Banks and race/stunt driver Mike Ryan. Read full article at http://articles.sae.org/12620.
Gehm, Ryan
1-D Model of Roots Type Supercharger2013-01-09274/8/2013
This paper introduces research work on 1-D model of Roots type supercharger with helical gears using 1-D simulation tool. Today, passenger car engine design follows approach of downsizing and the reduction of number of engine cylinders. Superchargers alone or their combination with turbochargers can fulfill low-end demands on engine torque for such engines. Moreover, low temperature combustion of lean mixture at low engine loads becomes popular (HCCI, PCCI) requiring high boost pressure of EGR/fresh air mixture at low exhaust gas temperature, which poses too high demands on turbocharger efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to describe Roots charger features and to amend Roots charger design. The presented analysis tool is a 1-D model of Roots type supercharger respecting inlet and outlet processes due to the change of volume between teeth, fast compression in the gap between teeth after connecting the compressor outlet, mass flow losses caused by teeth mesh and casing
Brynych, Pavel, Macek, Jan, Vitek, Oldrich, Cervenka, Libor
TVS® V-Series Supercharger Development for Single and Compound Boosted Engines2013-01-09194/8/2013
In response to the continued industry trend towards downsized, downsped gasoline and diesel engines, Eaton has continued to create and optimize small displacement TVS® Superchargers for volumetric and isentropic efficiency at low speeds. Such efficiency improvements enable maximum engine torque at very low engine speeds in both transient and steady state conditions. Development of the V-Series has primarily focused on units in the 250 cc to 400 cc displacement range, with applications both as a single boost device, and as an element in a compound boost system. Key parameters such as rotor length, diameter and helix angle, as well as inlet and outlet port geometry have been optimized for performance and NVH characteristics. This paper will summarize the performance, packaging, and NVH of V-Series TVS® superchargers compared to R-Series TVS® superchargers and outline the end benefits that this can provide to customers. V-Series has demonstrated a low speed volumetric efficiency
Froehlich, Michael, Stewart, Nathan
Development of High Speed Motor and Inverter for Electric Supercharger2013-01-09314/8/2013
In recent years, the fuel consumption improvement of automobiles is indispensable due to the global move to reduce CO₂ emissions. Downsizing of engines by turbocharger obtains the output equal to a large engine, and improves the fuel consumption. However, turbocharger has the response delay called turbo lag. In order to improve a transient response, we developed a high-speed motor. The electric supercharger consists of high-speed motor and compressor, and drives compressor by high-speed motor instead of an exhaust gas turbine. By combining conventional turbocharger and electric supercharger, we developed two-stage turbocharger system. In this paper, we explained development of high-speed motor and inverter. And, as application example, we explained electric two-stage turbocharger system. The high-speed motor and inverter are connected without harness, and assembled in one single unit. The motor is driven at high efficiency by vector control. The performance test shows a high speed
Nishiwaki, Kazuhiro, Iezawa, Masahiro, Tanaka, Hideyuki, Goto, Takashi, An, Byeongil
Combustion and Emissions with Bio-alcohol and Nonesterified Vegetable Oil Blend Fuels in a Small Diesel Engine2012-32-001710/23/2012
Combustion and exhaust gas emissions of alcohol and vegetable oil blends including a 20% ethanol + 40% 1-butanol + 40% vegetable oil blend and a 50% 1-butanol + 50% vegetable oil blend were examined in a single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, 0.83L direct injection diesel engine, with a supercharger and a common rail fuel injection system. A 50% diesel oil + 50% vegetable oil blend and regular unblended diesel fuel were used as reference fuels. The boost pressure was kept constant at 160 kPa (absolute pressure), and the cooled low pressure loop EGR was realized by mixing with a part of the exhaust gas. Pilot injection is effective to suppress rapid combustion due to the lower ignitability of the alcohol and vegetable oil blends. The effects of reductions in the intake oxygen concentration with cooled EGR and changes in the fuel injection pressure were investigated for the blended fuels. Also, the operation with all the blended and reference fuels with optimized pilot quantities and
Ogawa, Hideyuki, Setiapraja, Hari, Hara, Kosuke, Shibata, Gen
Downspeeding and Supercharging a Diesel Passenger Car for Increased Fuel Economy2012-01-07044/16/2012
The effects of downspeeding and supercharging a passenger car diesel engine were studied through laboratory investigation and vehicle simulation. Changes in the engine operating range, transmission gearing, and shift schedule resulted in improved fuel consumption relative to the baseline turbocharged vehicle while maintaining performance and drivability metrics. A shift schedule optimization technique resulted in fuel economy gains of up to 12% along with a corresponding reduction in transmission shift frequency of up to 55% relative to the baseline turbocharged configuration. First gear acceleration, top gear passing, and 0-60 mph acceleration of the baseline turbocharged vehicle were retained for the downsped supercharged configuration.
Ostrowski, Gregory, Neely, Gary D., Chadwell, Christopher J., Mehta, Darius, Wetzel, Philip
Development of New I3 1.2L Supercharged Gasoline Engine2012-01-04154/16/2012
This paper describes a new 1.2-liter three cylinder gasoline engine named HR12DDR, with the target to achieve the lowest level CO2 in the European B-segment market and also, to satisfy the customer's driving pleasure through high output performance. This engine is developed with the consideration of meeting further strict regulations in the years ahead and of the possibility of being an alternative powertrain of diesel in the future as well. As a first step this engine was applied on the European Nissan Micra in 2011; achieving 95g/km CO2 emissions(NEDC mode). This low fuel consumption was realized mainly through technologies which scope to maximize thermal efficiency with high compression ratio, and to minimize the mechanical friction loss. The combustion was optimized by Direct injection (DI)system. To obtain the better fuel economy performance without sacrificing high output, we chose the supercharger system with bypass valve and electromagnetic clutch. Details of the HR12DDR are
Kobayashi, Atsushi, Satou, Takeshi, Isaji, Hiroshi, Takahashi, Sho, Miyamoto, Takeshi
Optimal Use of Boosting Configurations and Valve Strategies for High Load HCCI - A Modeling Study2012-01-11014/16/2012
This study investigates a novel approach towards boosted HCCI operation, which makes use of all engine system components in order to maximize overall efficiency. Four-cylinder boosted HCCI engines have been modeled employing valve strategies and turbomachines that enable high load operation with significant efficiency benefits. A commercially available engine simulation software, coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations, was used to model the HCCI engines with three different boosting configurations: turbocharging, variable geometry turbocharging and combined supercharging with turbocharging. The valve strategy features switching from low-lift Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) to high-lift Positive Valve Overlap (PVO) at medium loads. The new operating approach indicates that heating of the charge from external compression is more efficient than heating by residual gas retention strategies. Hot intake charge allows for valve events and combustion
Mamalis, Sotirios, Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis, Guralp, Orgun, Najt, Paul
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