Browse Topic: Flywheels

Items (117)

Parameters Optimization of a Double Gyroscope Concept for a Two-Wheel Vehicle

04/20/2022

Abstract The concept of making a two-wheeled self-stabilizing vehicle can be a possibility soon. These vehicles use control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) to provide enough torque for the vehicle to prevent it from rolling and falling to the ground. CMGs can be used with different numbers and configurations. In this article, the aim is to offer a design procedure for a double gyroscope system, which can be used for any two-wheel vehicle to be self-stabilized. The procedure is based on using optimization algorithms in reaching the optimum double gyroscope configuration for a certain two-wheel vehicle to reach a zero-degree roll angle in the least time possible, which is the novel part of the procedure. A design procedure for a double gyroscope with the yaw axis as a spinning axis for a two-wheel vehicle is offered. This procedure has been tested for both a small two-wheel robot and a two-wheel enclosed vehicle. The research method started with a presentation of motion equations, followed by a

Aboelsaoud, Mostafa, Taha, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mabrouk, Mohamed Yasser, Aboelazm, Mohamed, Elgamal, Hassan

Parameters Optimization of a Double Gyroscope Concept for a Two-Wheel Vehicle

15-15-02-0009-TEST-REC04/20/2022

Aboelsaoud, Mostafa, Taha, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mabrouk, Mohamed Yasser, Aboelazm, Mohamed, Elgamal, Hassan

FPGA Implementation of In-Cycle Closed-Loop Combustion Control Methods

2021-24-002409/05/2021

This paper investigates the FPGA resources for the implementation of in-cycle closed-loop combustion control algorithms. Closed-loop combustion control obtains feedback from fast in cylinder pressure measurements for accurate and reliable information about the combustion progress, synchronized with the flywheel encoder. In cycle combustion control requires accurate and fast computations for their real-time execution. A compromise between accuracy and computation complexity must be selected for an effective combustion control. The requirements on the signal processing (evaluation rate and digital resolution) are investigated. A common practice for the combustion supervision is to monitor the heat release rate. For its calculation, different methods for the computation of the cylinder volume and heat capacity ratio are compared. Combustion feedback requires of virtual sensors for the misfire detection, burnt fuel mass and pressure prediction. Different alternatives proposed in the

Jorques Moreno, Carlos, Stenlaas, Ola, Tunestal, Per

Novel Evaluation Method of Engine Idle Combustion Stability Based on Flywheel Angular Velocity

2021-01-103308/31/2021

Vehicle idle quality becomes more important to the customer in recent years. To better understand the engine combustion stability, processing matrices are required to evaluate and quantify the stability performance.

Tan, Yang, Yang, Jingling

Study of Flywheel Energy Storage in a Pure EV Powertrain in a Parallel Hybrid Setup and Development of a Novel Flywheel Design for Regeneration Efficiency Improvement

2021-01-072104/06/2021

In electric vehicles, there is a continuous shift in the charging and discharging of the battery due to energy generation and regeneration. This adds up to the total number of charging-discharging cycles of the battery. This fluctuation amounts to faster battery degradation and life-cycle reduction. Also, we are exploring solutions to improve the low regeneration efficiency of EVs. For example, overall regeneration efficiency from wheels-to-wheels is only around 64% in Tesla Roadster. Even in current EV powertrains, the regeneration efficiency only reaches up to around 75%, which is much lower compared to the potential efficiency of flywheel-based energy storage (FES) as no energy conversion takes place from one form to another. We implemented FESS in a parallel hybrid setup solely for regenerative braking. Based on the power requirements from the vehicle, the drivetrain smartly switches its power source between the Electric motor and flywheel during the drive cycle. It uses a high

Seshadri Venkatesh, Pawan, Chandran, Vishnu, Anil, Sreeram

Cold Idle Gear Rattle in Manual Transmission Passenger Car-Temperature Based Phenomenon

2020-01-224509/15/2020

Gear rattle is due to impact noise of unloaded gears in transmission having freedom to move in backlash region. Engine order vibrations in the presence of backlash in meshing pairs induce the problem. It is a system behavior wherein flywheel torsional vibrations, the pre-damper characteristics and transmission drag torque plays a vital role in an engine idle condition (hot & cold). Idle rattle is a severe issue, which is highly noticeable in cold condition or after 1st engine crank. Gear rattling observed in idle condition is idle gear rattle or neutral gear rattle, specifically in cold condition is a “Cold idle rattle” and this is one of the critical noise parameters considered for entire vehicle NVH. Damper mechanism in the clutch, is used to serve better isolation (by reducing the input excitation to transmission parts) of vibrations between engine and transmission their by reducing gear rattle intensity. Engine firing order, engine downsizing, down speeding (means high peak torque

Kapse, Ravi Ramesh, More, Vivek, Gangane, Swapnil

Characteristics of Bending Stress with Whirling at the Rear End of a Crankshaft in an Inline 4-Cylinder High Speed Diesel Engine

2019-01-159206/05/2019

As engines become lighter and achieve higher output to meet carbon dioxide emissions targets, it becomes more challenging to design a crankshaft that is both lighter and capable of handling higher loads. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of forces imposed on the crankshaft, and the mechanisms by which stresses are created in the crankshaft. This paper describes the characteristics of bending stresses measured on the rearmost crank pin fillet of a crankshaft. Two basic crankshaft resonant modes are described. Forward crankshaft whirl then has the effect of increasing the system natural frequencies by the stiffening effect, while reverse whirl reduces the system natural frequencies by the softening effect. The effect of whirl grows with increasing engine speed. This results in what appears to be four crankshaft natural frequencies rather than two. The four resonances appear at all non-zero engine speeds. The influence of flywheel mass on the stresses and

Kobayashi, Shinichiro

Investigation and Improvement of a Bouncing Torsional Vibration in Automotive Dual Mass Flywheel by Combining Testing and 1D CAE Modeling Approach

2019-01-155606/05/2019

Dual mass flywheel (DMF) is a well-known isolation system for vehicle drivetrain. DMF has two typical elastic energy storage systems: long travel arc springs and in-series spring units (including two or more springs) and sliding shoes connected in series. DMF has such complex nonlinear characteristics as torque-dependent torsional stiffness and rotational speed-dependent hysteresis friction due to its dependency of centrifugal force that is applied to components and radial force of springs. Because of this complexity, sub-harmonic vibration (SHV) may occur under certain circumstances, such as under light-load and high-rotational conditions. In general, since SHV’s frequency is 1/2 or 1/3 of the engine’s combustion frequency and may cause human discomfort, DMF must be designed robust against such nonlinear vibration. In this paper to reduce the SHV occurrence and to show a more robust design indicator, the SHV causing the mechanism is researched by testing and 1D CAE modeling. In detail

Yamakaji, Yoshihiro, Yoshimoto, Daisuke, Tsujiuchi, Nobutaka, Ito, Akihito

Development of Horizontal Water Cooled Diesel Engine to Achieve High Power Density

2018-32-006410/30/2018

The horizontal water cooled diesel engine has a structure including all component parts such as a fuel tank that are necessary to drive engine, and is often a single cylinder engine. It is mounted on many applications such as power tiller and water pump because of high general versatility of installing owing to belt drive. It has a simple structure because of single cylinder, and is active mainly in Southeast Asia. At the same time, the market requires this type of engine higher power while a compact structure is also required from the viewpoint of easy to supply and use. In other words, “High power density” that is improving the output per body size has been required. We have responded to the demand of “High power density” by increasing output without changing the engine size. In order to keep the engine size, we have been enlarging displacement by using our peculiar stroke-up expertise and original bore-up contrivance. In addition to those techniques, we introduced analytic

Komai, Yoshinobu, Takashima, Yusuke, Fujiwara, Tsukasa, Okamoto, Hisao, Kawahara, Minoru

The Development of the Szorenyi Four-Chamber Rotary Engine

2017-01-241310/08/2017

A four-chamber Otto cycle rotary engine, the Szorenyi Rotary Engine, has been invented and developed by the Rotary Engine Development Agency (REDA) in Melbourne, Australia. The engine concept has been awarded a U.S. Patent (Number 6,718,938 B2). A prototype engine has been constructed and a successful proof-of-concept engine test was achieved in 2008. The stator of the Szorenyi engine is a similar shape to a Wankel engine. However, the geometric shape of the engine rotor is a rhombus, which deforms as it rotates inside the contour of the mathematically defined stator. This geometry translates to a rotary engine with four combustion chambers. Each revolution of the crankshaft produces one revolution of the rotor; a complete engine cycle in each of the four chambers; and therefore four power strokes. In contrast, the Wankel engine produces one power stroke per crankshaft revolution. Additionally, the Wankel engine is rev limited due to the excessive crankshaft bending resulting from the

King, Peter

Whirl of Crankshaft Rear End, Part 2: an L4-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2017-01-181106/05/2017

Since the sizes of the flywheel and clutch have been enlarged due to downsizing of diesel engines, the mass and moment of inertia at the crankshaft rear end have increased. Consequently, the serious bending stresses have appeared in the crankshaft rear. This paper describes the characteristics of those serious bending stresses, based on the mechanism for whirl resonance. The whirl resonance is largely impacted by the mass of the flywheel and clutch and by the distance from the crank-journal center of the rear end to the center of gravity of the flywheel and clutch.

Kimura, Jouji, Tanaka, Tatsuya, Hakomoto, Kenjiro, Kawase, Kousuke, Kobayashi, Shinichiro

Tribodynamics of a New De-Clutch Mechanism Aimed for Engine Downsizing in Off-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2017-01-183506/05/2017

Clutches are commonly utilised in passenger type and off-road heavy-duty vehicles to disconnect the engine from the driveline and other parasitic loads. In off-road heavy-duty vehicles, along with fuel efficiency start-up functionality at extended ambient conditions, such as low temperature and intake absolute pressure are crucial. Off-road vehicle manufacturers can overcome the parasitic loads in these conditions by oversizing the engine. Caterpillar Inc. as the pioneer in off-road technology has developed a novel clutch design to allow for engine downsizing while vehicle’s performance is not affected. The tribological behaviour of the clutch will be crucial to start engagement promptly and reach the maximum clutch capacity in the shortest possible time and smoothest way in terms of dynamics. A multi-body dynamics model of the clutch system is developed in MSC ADAMS. The flywheel is introducing the same speed and torque as the engine (represents the engine input to the clutch). The

Dolatabadi, Nader, Rahmani, Ramin, Theodossiades, Stephanos, Rahnejat, Homer, Blundell, Guy, Bernard, Guillaume

A 1-D Simulation Model for Analysis and Optimization of Gearbox Rattle Noise

2017-01-178006/05/2017

In the design or match process of vehicle powertrain system, gearbox rattle is a common NVH problem which directly affects passengers’ judgment on the quality and performance of vehicle. During the development process of a passenger car, prototype vehicles have serious gear rattle problem. In order to efficiently and fundamentally control this problem, this work first studied the characteristics and mechanisms of the gearbox rattle. The study results revealed that the torsional vibration of powertrain system was the root cause of gearbox rattle. Then a simulation model of the full vehicle was built with the aid of Simulink® toolbox, which is a graphical extension to MATLAB® for modeling and simulation of variety of systems. With this model, the sensitivity analysis and parametrical optimization were performed, and the simulation results indicated that the dual-mass flywheel (DMF) was the best measure to control the rattle. In order to verify this conclusion, this work developed a DMF

Xu, Yong

NVH Performance Improvement Study Using a Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF), Inertia Ring Type Tuned Torsional Vibration Damper (TVD) and Single Mass Flywheel (SMF) in a Front Engine and Rear Wheel Driveline Architecture

2017-01-175206/05/2017

At present, a Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF) system is widely known to provide benefits on driveline induced noise, vibration and drivability over a Single Mass Flywheel (SMF). A well-tuned DMF provides nice isolation of torsional vibrations generated in periodic combustion process of automobile IC engines. Similarly, a torsional vibration damper mounted on driveline component reduces the torsional excitation and results a lower torsional vibration at driveline components. Noise and vibration issues like boom noise and high vibrations at low engine RPM range drive are often resulted due to high engine firing order torsional excitation input to the driveline. More often, this becomes one of the most objectionable noise and vibration issues in vehicle and should be eliminated or reduced for better NVH performance. A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke small diesel engine equipped with SMF is found to have high engine firing order torsional excitation. The engine is chosen to carry out a comparative study of

Gupta, Kapil, Choudhary, Arun, Bidre, Rakesh

Analysis of Engine Flywheel Wobbling Vibration

2017-01-102303/28/2017

Large axial displacement at the edge of a flywheel causes a clutch to fail to disengage in high-speed rotation. To find out the root cause, a numerical procedure is proposed to investigate the vibration source and to understand dynamic behavior of the crank-train system. A simulation of the whole engine system including block, crankshaft, piston, and connecting rod was performed with AVL/Excite. The resulting CAE baseline model had good correlation with measurements. A comprehensive study was conducted for a set of flywheel and crankshaft models with different materials and unbalanced masses. The contribution to flywheel wobbling of each vibration order was carefully investigated, and an optimal design was presented.

Jiang, Yaqun, Hsieh, C., Festag, Georg, Ahmed, Masood, Jiang, William

Engine Flywheel Failure Avoidance through CAE Optimization

2017-01-102403/28/2017

A Flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that evens out the energy fluctuations of an engine and establishes an even crank rotational speed by storing kinetic energy. This paper aims to study the effect of the potential failures on flywheel due to balancing hole position for a proposed grey cast iron material. Any change in its design requires a thorough comprehension of the expected failure modes during operation. For a flywheel, typical failure like crack is very critical for vehicle and occupant safety. Here, CAE test method is adopted for simulating the actual bench tests for design validation of the flywheel. This simulation helps to understand the stresses caused by the structural and thermal loads and recommend design solution which can be readily adopted. The simulation is followed by a rig test where the validation tests are performed for different balancing hole depths. The study revealed that 1. Balancing hole have immense role in crack initiation 2. Stress continuity is

Chaithanya, Divyan Niranjana, Narayanasamy, AswinPratap

Critique of Torsional Vibration Damper (TVD) Design for Powertrain NVH

2017-26-021701/10/2017

Crank train torsional vibration is an important aspect for design and development of Powertrain for NVH refinement and durability. Crank train torsional vibration parameters like angular acceleration of flywheel or twist, depends upon various design parameters like geometry of crankshaft, mass of flywheel, stiffness of clutch, mass of pulley etc. It also depends upon engine operating conditions like engine speed, engine load, combustion peak pressure and combustion pressure variation etc. Most of these parameters are decided by engine power, torque, engine architecture and packaging constraints. Addition of torsional vibration damper (TVD), which works on the principle of tuned dynamic absorber, is commonly deployed design solution to control the torsional vibrations as well as stresses (to improve durability of crank train) induced in crank train assembly at specified modal frequency. This paper is critique study, which emphasizes on importance of accurate tuning of TVD frequency to

Yadav, Arvind Kumar, Birari, Mayur, Bijwe, Vilas, Billade, Dayanand

A New Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Family for Off-road in Naturally Aspirated and Turbocharged Intercooled Versions

2016-01-233510/17/2016

The design and development of a new four-stroke two-cylinder diesel engine family of 1.29 litre capacity for off road are discussed. The engine is in naturally aspirated and turbocharged and intercooled versions and rated from 11.9 kW/1500 rpm to 25.7 kW/2500 rpm. The engines were tuned for air and fuel flows, air utilisation, fuel air mixing, performance and emissions at steady state at a development lab and later certified in national labs. The high altitude capability of the TCIC was checked using a model. The engines rated at less than 19 kW satisfy India Generator set and off road norms of India and Europe equivalent to USTier4 standard, and at higher ratings, standard equivalent to US Tier4-interim. In the second part of the paper, the design of coolant and oil pumps, oil cooler for TCIC engine and the piston with steel oil control ring are discussed. The higher loaded TCIC engines use fillet hardened crankshafts of chromium molybdenum steel. The crankcase integrated with the

Lakshminarayanan, P. A., Senthilkumar, P. K.

Analysis of Dual Mode Continuously Variable Transmission for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems

2016-01-117704/05/2016

There are different types of energy storage devices which are used in today’s hybrid and electric vehicles. Batteries, ultra capacitors and high speed flywheels are the most commonly used ones. While batteries and supercapacitors store energy in the form of electric energy, the flywheel (FW) is the only device that keeps the energy stored in the original form of mechanical energy the same as the moving vehicle. The flywheel needs to be coupled to the driveshaft of the vehicle in a manner which allows it to vary its speed independently of the moving vehicle in order to vary its energy content. In other words a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is needed. The common mechanical variators used in automotive applications, namely the rolling traction drives and the belt drives, have the disadvantage that their speed ratio range defined as the maximum to minimum speed ratio is generally not sufficient for flywheel energy storage system (FESS). One of the ways to improve the ratio range

Dhand, Aditya, Pullen, Keith

A Study on Dynamic Torque Cancellation in a Range Extender Unit

2016-01-123104/05/2016

A range extended electric vehicle (REEV) has the benefit of zero pipeline emission for most of the daily commute driving using the full electric mode while maintaining the capability for a long-range trip without the requirement of stop-and-charge. This capability is provided by the on-board auxiliary power unit (APU) which is used to maintain the battery state of charge at a minimum limit. Due to the limited APU package size, a small capacity engine with low-cylindercount is normally used which inherently exposes more severe torque pulsation, that arises from a low firing frequency. By using vector control, it is feasible to vary the generator in-cycle torque to counteract the engine torque oscillation dynamically. This allows for a smoother operation of the APU with the possibility of reducing the size of the engine flywheel. In this paper, a series of motor/generator control torque patterns were applied with the aim of cancelling the engine in-cycle torque pulses. The correlation

Liu, Dian, Rodrigues, Leon, Brace, Chris, Akehurst, Sam, Kirkpatrick, Gary, Ash, Lloyd

Start-Up Transient Vibration Analysis of a Vehicle Powertrain System Equipped with a Nonlinear Clutch Damper

2015-01-217906/15/2015

The transient vibration phenomenon in a vehicle powertrain system during the start-up (or shut-down) process is studied with focus on the development and experimental validation of the nonlinear powertrain models. First, a new nonlinear four-degree-of-freedom torsional powertrain model for this transient event, under instantaneous flywheel motion input, is developed and then validated with a vehicle start-up experiment. Second, the interactions between the clutch damper and the transmission transients are established via transient metrics. Third, a single-degree-of-freedom nonlinear model, focusing on the multi-staged clutch damper, is developed and its utility is then verified.

Li, Laihang, Singh, Rajendra

Experimental Analysis and Model Validation of a Dual Mass Flywheel for Passenger Cars

2015-01-112104/14/2015

This paper investigates the torsional dynamic behaviour of a Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF) both numerically and experimentally. First, the experimental setup is described, followed by a mathematical description in the frequency domain of the mechanical system under test, using a lumped parameter model. An analytical expression for the frequency response function describing the rotational dynamics is derived and compared with experimental data. Sine sweep tests are used to characterise the system, imposing constant amplitude excitation, i.e. the torque applied to the engine side of the DMF. Moreover a method for enhancing the dynamic performance of the electric motor torque control is suggested in order to use it as a torsional shaker. The effects of system nonlinearities, such as the variations of the stiffness with the amplitude of excitation or the influence of the mean torque value on the frequency response are highlighted; finally the effect of the rotational speed on the DMF filtering

Galvagno, Enrico, Velardocchia, Mauro, Vigliani, Alessandro, Tota, Antonio

Study on Combustion Noise in Small General Purpose Engines

2014-32-010511/11/2014

For a small general purpose engine, the authors have studied on “combustion noise”, the mechanical noise originating from combustion. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanisms of combustion noise generation. The engine used in this study was a 4-stroke air-cooled single-cylinder engine with the typical characteristics of 3.5 kW-class small general purpose engines, which was specifically designed for experiments. We analyzed the operational behaviors of parts such as the crankshaft, the flywheel and the crankcase during the time of occurrence of combustion noise. Results of the analysis showed that the primary component of combustion noise in small general purpose engines is radiated from the flywheel connected to the crankshaft, and that the vibration mode that radiates the noise is excited by bending deformation of the crankshaft under explosion load. Based on these results, this paper will also discuss the effect of the stiffness of the main bearings on combustion noise.

Maruyama, Atsushi, Naoe, Gaku

Products of Tomorrow: November 2014

TBMG-20976

11/01/2014

The technologies NASA develops don’t just blast off into space. They also improve our lives here on Earth. Life-saving search-and-rescue tools, implantable medical devices, advances in commercial aircraft safety, increased accuracy in weather forecasting, and the miniature cameras in our cellphones are just some of the examples of NASA-developed technology used in products today.

Powertrain Architecture affects Driving Habits

2014-01-286910/13/2014

The impact of the number of cylinders on two downsized gasoline engines on driving habits in the same passenger-vehicle type was investigated. This was carried out with two similar vehicles, equipped with an in-line three cylinder (i3) and an in-line four cylinder (i4) engine, both having same power, torque and transient-response behaviour. Both engine types were mated to six-speed manual transmissions with same gear-ratios and dual-mass flywheel characteristics. The study was performed by letting a statistically significant number of subjects driving the same route and both vehicles consecutively. The relevant data during driving were recorded simultaneously from either vehicle integrated sensors (CAN), and secondary transducers. We found that the in-line three cylinder was operated at higher engine speeds even though it was operated at similar acceleration- and load levels like the in-line four cylinder power-train, whereat the off-set of the engine speed shows no correlation with

Stoffels, Harald, Hohenboeken, Kay

Control Research of Power Train Torsional Vibration Based on Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dual Mass Flywheel

2014-01-286710/13/2014

To research the torsional vibration damping characteristic of magneto-rheological fluid dual mass flywheel (MRF-DMF) and the control system in power train, the multi-degree power train torsional vibration model which contains MRF-DMF and semi-active fuzzy control model are built, then the damping characteristic of MRF-DMF in several conditions are gained and compared with MRF-DMF when no control system. The result indicates: the damping characteristic of MRF-DMF effect on power train when using control is better than without control in idle, speed up, slow down, ignition and stalling, while the damping characteristic is less obvious in constant speed because the simulation condition and damping moment relatively stable.

Chen, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhiyuan, Mao, Yang, Shi, Wenku, Zhang, Guihui

Dynamic Characteristics and Parameters Analysis of Magneto-rheological Fluid Dual Mass Flywheel

2014-01-286610/13/2014

In order to improve structure and performance of magneto-rheological dual mass flywheel (MRF-DMF), some parameters effects on dynamic characteristics are acquired by parameters analysis. The dynamic stiffness and loss angle in different current and different frequency are gained through dynamic characteristic test. The fluid-structure interaction finite element model of MRF-DMF is built and the accuracy is verified by comparison between test and simulation. Based on the model, the parameters analysis is done and the law of MRF viscosity, arc spring stiffness, working clearance, rotor radius and axial width effect on dynamic characteristics are gained, it will prove some guidance for the structure and performance improvement.

Chen, Zhi-yong, Sun, Ning, Shi, Wenku

Gyroscopic Bearing Loads in Vehicular Flywheel-Based KERS

2014-01-083904/01/2014

In this work, we investigate the rotor bearing loads of a flywheel-based KERS that are caused by dynamic forces and gyroscopic torques during representative driving maneuvers. Based on the governing equations of motion of a gyroscope, the equations for the rotor-platform interactions are developed. These equations, which relate the vehicle's roll, pitch and yaw rate with the internal transverse torques on the flywheel, are integrated into a commercial vehicle dynamics program. An average passenger car model equipped with a typical high-speed flywheel energy storage system is used for the numerical investigations. The flywheel bearing loads produced by some selected, representative driving maneuvers are simulated for different orientations of the flywheel spin axis relative to the body frame. In addition, the dynamic response of the vehicle to the reaction torques is investigated in open and closed-loop vehicle dynamics simulations. Thus, the steering response of a driver model to the

Bischof, Guenter, Reisinger, Karl, Singraber, Thomas, Summer, Andreas

Fully Integrated IVT-Regenerative Braking

2014-01-172704/01/2014

It is very important to note that most present-day CVT's drive with a friction element. Unlike gears that can be produced with any size necessary for the torque load they must transfer, CVT's are limited in torque capacity and are only marginally suitable for small vehicle applications. A system is described using two variable-inertia flywheels to not only supply the heavy torque requirements during acceleration of a vehicle but also operate in reverse capturing the otherwise wasted decelerating torque (I.E. braking torque). This system (called Kinetic Energy Power Transmission System or KEPTS) provides all of the documented benefits of the use of an IVT for motor vehicle acceleration and also incorporates regenerative braking. The significance of the system is that besides providing a complete KERS (kinetic energy recovery and storage) system, all accelerating and braking torque is provided by the two variable-inertia flywheels, thus allowing the main motive engine (ICE, electric

Gramling, James

Characterization of Flywheel Energy Storage System for Hybrid Vehicles

2014-01-179604/01/2014

Flywheels are excellent secondary energy storage devices and several applications in road vehicles are under development. They can be used in hybrid vehicles with an internal combustion engine (ICE) as the prime mover or can be used in hybrid energy storage (HES) to complement the battery. When used in HES, they are utilized to load level the battery so as to protect it from peak loads and enhance its capacity and life. This paper deals with defining the main characteristics of the flywheel for an application as a secondary energy storage device for an electric vehicle. Various strategies for defining flywheels are explained. A real world customer usage data is also presented. This data is analyzed and its results are used to support the selection of the flywheel characteristics. The results show that the chosen flywheel is sufficiently sized to perform its intended tasks for a c-segment passenger car electric vehicle.

Dhand, Aditya, Pullen, Keith

Flywheel with tuned damping

2014-01-168504/01/2014

The study of dynamical performance of new Flywheel for any type of engine is presented. Design and structure of proposed Flywheel is based on George Nerubenko US Patent 7,464,800 having the control system with instantaneous frequency tuner and variable damping device adjusted for all operational frequencies in running engine. The patented scheme would be applied for a design of Flywheels successfully replacing the conventional and dual mass flywheels. A description, structural details and mathematical model of considered Flywheel are presented. The model based on the system of differential equations describing the rotation and vibration of mechanical components combined to Coulomb dry friction equations reflecting the contacts in variable damping device has been used for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of engine crankshaft system having proposed Flywheel. The analysis is presented for semi-controlled version of Tuned Flywheel equipped with variable damping device. The presented

Nerubenko, George, Nerubenko, Cyril

Fuel Economy Analysis of Alternator with Kinetic Energy Storage for a Conventional Vehicle

2013-01-048104/08/2013

This paper evaluates the effect of our new alternator concept for a conventional vehicle, which is able to generate electricity by storing kinetic energy of the vehicle in the high speed flywheel as rotation energy under deceleration. The alternator constructs a planetary gear device and multiple clutch-brakes perform CVT, alternator and high speed flywheel without an expensive electric device, mechanical CVT and vacuum pump. So it has high cost performance.

Tanaka, Eitaro, Narita, Takahiro, Maegawa, Hitoshi

Effect of Flywheel Mass and Its Center of Gravity on Crankshaft Endurance Limit Safety Factor and Dynamics

2013-01-174304/08/2013

The crankshaft is the component which transmits dynamic loads from cylinder pressure and inertial loads in engine operating conditions. Because of its crucial importance in functioning of engine and requisite to sustain high dynamic and torsional loading, crankshaft fatigue life is desired to be higher than the predicted engine operating life. Performance of the crank train in diesel engine applications largely depends on the components of its mass elastic system. Flywheel is one such component whose design affects the life of crankshaft. In the present study, the crank train comprising of torsional vibration damper, crankshaft and flywheel along with clutch cover is considered for analysis. Crankshaft dynamic simulation is performed with multi body dynamics technique, fatigue safety factors of crankshaft are calculated with dynamic loads under engine operating conditions. The effect of Single Mass Flywheel (SMF) mass and its Center of Gravity (CG) distance from the center of rear main

Singh, Nil Kanth, Patil, Sanjay S.

Judder based on Sub Scale Test Machine Concerning Facing

2013-01-143604/08/2013

Methodology to determine the clutch facing sensitivity regarding judder in the vehicle. Vehicle “Judder” is identified as low frequency and high amplitude vibrations that, depending on their intensity, can cause uncomfortable driving. Today the judder test is performed in a sensitive car concerning judder, however it takes long time due to the need of assemble the complete clutch set (disc, clutch cover, flywheel) for each test. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a methodology for the classification of facing sensitivity regarding judder. However in subscale bench test, because the idea is not only to reduce test time, but also to speed-up the facing material development. The preliminary results are very promising due to a good correlation between subscale tests and the vehicle.

Gregori, Ivan Scansani, Haertel Jr, Walter

Engine Flywheel Housings with Sealed Flanges

J1172_201210 (Current)

10/23/2012

This SAE Recommended Practice defines flywheel housing flange configurations for applications requiring "O" ring sealing of the flange pilot bore. Table 1 and Figure 1 show dimensions that are different from those in SAE J617. All other dimensions and tolerances of SAE J617 apply.

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee