Browse Topic: Flywheels

Items (90)

Parameters Optimization of a Double Gyroscope Concept for a Two-Wheel Vehicle

04/20/2022

Abstract The concept of making a two-wheeled self-stabilizing vehicle can be a possibility soon. These vehicles use control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) to provide enough torque for the vehicle to prevent it from rolling and falling to the ground. CMGs can be used with different numbers and configurations. In this article, the aim is to offer a design procedure for a double gyroscope system, which can be used for any two-wheel vehicle to be self-stabilized. The procedure is based on using optimization algorithms in reaching the optimum double gyroscope configuration for a certain two-wheel vehicle to reach a zero-degree roll angle in the least time possible, which is the novel part of the procedure. A design procedure for a double gyroscope with the yaw axis as a spinning axis for a two-wheel vehicle is offered. This procedure has been tested for both a small two-wheel robot and a two-wheel enclosed vehicle. The research method started with a presentation of motion equations, followed by a

Aboelsaoud, Mostafa, Taha, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mabrouk, Mohamed Yasser, Aboelazm, Mohamed, Elgamal, Hassan

Parameters Optimization of a Double Gyroscope Concept for a Two-Wheel Vehicle

15-15-02-0009-TEST-REC04/20/2022

Aboelsaoud, Mostafa, Taha, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mabrouk, Mohamed Yasser, Aboelazm, Mohamed, Elgamal, Hassan

FPGA Implementation of In-Cycle Closed-Loop Combustion Control Methods

2021-24-002409/05/2021

This paper investigates the FPGA resources for the implementation of in-cycle closed-loop combustion control algorithms. Closed-loop combustion control obtains feedback from fast in cylinder pressure measurements for accurate and reliable information about the combustion progress, synchronized with the flywheel encoder. In cycle combustion control requires accurate and fast computations for their real-time execution. A compromise between accuracy and computation complexity must be selected for an effective combustion control. The requirements on the signal processing (evaluation rate and digital resolution) are investigated. A common practice for the combustion supervision is to monitor the heat release rate. For its calculation, different methods for the computation of the cylinder volume and heat capacity ratio are compared. Combustion feedback requires of virtual sensors for the misfire detection, burnt fuel mass and pressure prediction. Different alternatives proposed in the

Jorques Moreno, Carlos, Stenlaas, Ola, Tunestal, Per

Development of Horizontal Water Cooled Diesel Engine to Achieve High Power Density

2018-32-006410/30/2018

The horizontal water cooled diesel engine has a structure including all component parts such as a fuel tank that are necessary to drive engine, and is often a single cylinder engine. It is mounted on many applications such as power tiller and water pump because of high general versatility of installing owing to belt drive. It has a simple structure because of single cylinder, and is active mainly in Southeast Asia. At the same time, the market requires this type of engine higher power while a compact structure is also required from the viewpoint of easy to supply and use. In other words, “High power density” that is improving the output per body size has been required. We have responded to the demand of “High power density” by increasing output without changing the engine size. In order to keep the engine size, we have been enlarging displacement by using our peculiar stroke-up expertise and original bore-up contrivance. In addition to those techniques, we introduced analytic

Komai, Yoshinobu, Takashima, Yusuke, Fujiwara, Tsukasa, Okamoto, Hisao, Kawahara, Minoru

Critique of Torsional Vibration Damper (TVD) Design for Powertrain NVH

2017-26-021701/10/2017

Crank train torsional vibration is an important aspect for design and development of Powertrain for NVH refinement and durability. Crank train torsional vibration parameters like angular acceleration of flywheel or twist, depends upon various design parameters like geometry of crankshaft, mass of flywheel, stiffness of clutch, mass of pulley etc. It also depends upon engine operating conditions like engine speed, engine load, combustion peak pressure and combustion pressure variation etc. Most of these parameters are decided by engine power, torque, engine architecture and packaging constraints. Addition of torsional vibration damper (TVD), which works on the principle of tuned dynamic absorber, is commonly deployed design solution to control the torsional vibrations as well as stresses (to improve durability of crank train) induced in crank train assembly at specified modal frequency. This paper is critique study, which emphasizes on importance of accurate tuning of TVD frequency to

Yadav, Arvind Kumar, Birari, Mayur, Bijwe, Vilas, Billade, Dayanand

Experimental Analysis and Model Validation of a Dual Mass Flywheel for Passenger Cars

2015-01-112104/14/2015

This paper investigates the torsional dynamic behaviour of a Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF) both numerically and experimentally. First, the experimental setup is described, followed by a mathematical description in the frequency domain of the mechanical system under test, using a lumped parameter model. An analytical expression for the frequency response function describing the rotational dynamics is derived and compared with experimental data. Sine sweep tests are used to characterise the system, imposing constant amplitude excitation, i.e. the torque applied to the engine side of the DMF. Moreover a method for enhancing the dynamic performance of the electric motor torque control is suggested in order to use it as a torsional shaker. The effects of system nonlinearities, such as the variations of the stiffness with the amplitude of excitation or the influence of the mean torque value on the frequency response are highlighted; finally the effect of the rotational speed on the DMF filtering

Galvagno, Enrico, Velardocchia, Mauro, Vigliani, Alessandro, Tota, Antonio

Products of Tomorrow: November 2014

TBMG-20976

11/01/2014

The technologies NASA develops don’t just blast off into space. They also improve our lives here on Earth. Life-saving search-and-rescue tools, implantable medical devices, advances in commercial aircraft safety, increased accuracy in weather forecasting, and the miniature cameras in our cellphones are just some of the examples of NASA-developed technology used in products today.

Control Research of Power Train Torsional Vibration Based on Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dual Mass Flywheel

2014-01-286710/13/2014

To research the torsional vibration damping characteristic of magneto-rheological fluid dual mass flywheel (MRF-DMF) and the control system in power train, the multi-degree power train torsional vibration model which contains MRF-DMF and semi-active fuzzy control model are built, then the damping characteristic of MRF-DMF in several conditions are gained and compared with MRF-DMF when no control system. The result indicates: the damping characteristic of MRF-DMF effect on power train when using control is better than without control in idle, speed up, slow down, ignition and stalling, while the damping characteristic is less obvious in constant speed because the simulation condition and damping moment relatively stable.

Chen, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhiyuan, Mao, Yang, Shi, Wenku, Zhang, Guihui

Flywheels for Industrial Engines Used With Industrial Power Take-Offs Equipped With Driving-Ring Type Overcenter Clutches and Engine-Mounted Marine Gears and Single Bearing Engine-Mounted Power Generators

J620_201210 (Current)10/23/2012

This SAE Standard defines flywheel configurations for industry standardization, interchangeability, and compatibility. Table 1 and Figure 1 give the dimensions for the flywheels. For dimensions of industrial power take-offs with driving-ring type overcenter clutches, see SAE J621. For flywheel dimensions for engine-mounted torque converters without front disconnect clutch, see SAE J927.

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Engine Flywheel Housings with Sealed Flanges

J1172_201210 (Current)

10/23/2012

This SAE Recommended Practice defines flywheel housing flange configurations for applications requiring "O" ring sealing of the flange pilot bore. Table 1 and Figure 1 show dimensions that are different from those in SAE J617. All other dimensions and tolerances of SAE J617 apply.

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Industrial Power Take-Offs With Driving Ring-Type Overcenter Clutches

J621_201210 (Current)10/23/2012

This SAE Standard defines installation dimensions of industrial power take-offs with driving ring-type overcenter clutches. Table 1 and Figure 1 give dimensions for power take-offs. For dimensions and tolerances of power take-off flanges and flywheels, see SAE J617 and J620, respectively.

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Analysis of the Friction Losses in an Internal Combustion Engine

2012-36-030310/02/2012

This work presents the results of the study of the forces involved in the rubbing friction between the moving parts of the Otto cycle internal combustion engine. In order to study the friction force, a Honda GX 35 engine was modified and a load cell was attached to its chassis. The friction forces among the internal parts of the engine were transferred to the engine chassis, and, by means of a support, to the load cell. Those forces were measured in several situations of the engine, making possible to identify the amount of friction related to each component. The total measured friction power was equal to 112W, representing about 10% of the developed power of the engine. The results obtained by the tests showed the contribution of each individual part of the engine on the friction losses. By the results, it was possible to propose modifications to reduce the total internal friction of the engine, in order to increase its efficiency. After the measurements of the friction force related

Da Silveira, Marilia Amaral, Gertz, Luiz Carlos, Cervieri, Andre, Rodrigues, Antonio Flavio Aires, Senger, Marcio

Flywheels for Engine-Mounted Torque Converters

J927_201206 (Current)06/11/2012

Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee

Flywheels for Two-Plate Spring-Loaded Clutches

J619_201205 (Current)05/31/2012

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Magnetorheological Fluid Based Kinetic Energy Recovery System

2011-28-007010/06/2011

It has become the need of the day for the evolution of newer and better technologies for various applications. In this paper we introduce a new technique of recovering the kinetic energy which is wasted during the process of braking in Formula one cars. In previous techniques of kinetic energy recovery, the kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy which is stored and later utilized. In this paper we propose a new approach of recovering the energy wasted due to braking by using a flywheel mechanism coupled through magnetorheological(MR) fluid. During the process of braking, the energy is transferred from the wheel to the flywheel(recovery) and during the process of acceleration the energy is transferred from the flywheel to the wheel(reuse). Due to this recovery of energy there is an improved acceleration and a comparatively lesser fuel consumption. The novelty of this proposed mechanism lies in the use of no electrical components such as motor, generator, or battery thereby

Rajagopalan, B., Gopal, Vishnu

Miniature, Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyroscope

TBMG-1071808/01/2011

The Miniature Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyroscope (MVS-CMG) was designed for small satellites (mass from less than 1 kg up to 500 kg). Currently available CMGs are too large and heavy, and available miniature CMGs do not provide sufficient control authority for use on practical satellites. This primarily results from the need to greatly increase the speed of rotation of the flywheel in order to reduce the flywheel size and mass. This goal was achieved by making use of a proprietary, space-qualified, high-speed (100,000 rpm) motor technology to spin the flywheel at a speed ten times faster than other known miniature CMGs under development.

Coherent Frequency Reference System for the NASA Deep Space Network

TBMG-TB-00888112/01/2010

The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) requires state-of-the-art frequency references that are derived and distributed from very stable atomic frequency standards. A new Frequency Reference System (FRS) and Frequency Reference Distribution System (FRD) have been developed, which together replace the previous Coherent Reference Generator System (CRG). The FRS and FRD each provide new capabilities that significantly improve operability and reliability.

NOV 2010 AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

AUTODES111011/01/2010

Spotlight on Bernhard Bihr The President of Bosch Engineering explains to Ian Adcock why he believes the internal combustion engine (ICE) will continue to dominate Flywheel power booster Battery hybrids are grabbing the headlines, but a rival could be cheaper and more efficient, as Ian Adcock discovers Sounds fantastic The auto industry is looking to provide studio quality sound on the move. Graham Pitcher tunes in

Hermetic Feedthroughs: A Critical Component in New Flywheel Energy Storage Solutions

TBMG-798805/11/2010

The phrase “everything old is new again” certainly applies to today’s flywheel technology. Forget the mechanical bearing, standard atmosphere 5,000 RPM steel behemoths of the past, many of today’s flywheel designs feature compact carbon fiber composite rotors on magnetic bearings, turning in a vacuum at up to 60,000 RPM.

Performance Analysis of the Impulse Shift CVT

2004-40-002308/23/2004

Due to rotating inertias within the engine and transmission, the response of a vehicle during large engine speed shifts may appear reluctant or even counteractive. To overcome this behaviour, a CVT drivetrain was augmented with a powersplitting planetary gear stage and steel flywheel in the so-called Zero Inertia (ZI) powertrain [1]. This transmission concept managed to combine two contradictive goals: the driveability in terms of the pedal-to-wheel response is greatly improved; and a large leap towards optimal fuel economy can be made. These goals were achieved by cruising the vehicle at extremely low engine speeds, enabled by the large ratiocoverage of the CVT. The flywheel acts as a 'peakshaver' during engine speed transients: it delivers power during (semi-) pedal kickdown and absorbs the engine's kinetic energy at pedal back-out. The current paper presents an improved concept with respect to the Zero Inertia drivetrain, which enables a reduced flywheel size while enhancing the

Vroemen, Bas, Serrarens, Alex, Pesgens, Michiel, Van Druten, Roell

Hydrostatic transmissions in conventional envelopes

OFHFEB01_0102/01/2001

Kubota designed a hydrostatic transmission for a compact tractor to improve operator control and increase efficiency and productivity. Compact tractors with 15-30 kW (20-40 hp) power takeoff (PTO) are used in a wide range of applications, such as light-duty construction, farming, and lawn mowing. Customers include homeowners, professional contractors, and equipment rental businesses. In such operations, tractors are expected to be highly convenient and easy to operate. One of the major implements for this class of tractors is the front-end loader; use estimates range to 70% of job categories. With a front-end loader, the tractor operator controls the loader with the right hand and the steering with the left hand. For switching between forward and reverse, an operator with a conventional transmission must remove the left hand from the steering wheel to grasp the forward/reverse lever. Frequent shifting between forward and reverse adds to the operator's workload. Hydrostatic

P.A.R.I.S.: Pendulum acyclism reducer integrated system

2000-05-032006/12/2000

Evolution of automotive diesel engines has led to the production of smaller and smaller engines with increasingly higher torque. The reduction in external dimensions means smaller flywheels, and the increase of torque rates, higher cyclic irregularities that today''s flywheels even with dual mass techniques are no longer able to cope with. Because of this, "damper" type absorber devices which control torque vibrations due to cyclic irregularities are no longer efficient to decrease rotating vibrations to an acceptable level. The best solution to cope with these problems is a tuned rotating pendulum: P.A.R.I.S. (Pendulum Acyclism Reducer Integrated System). This vibration absorber system can be easily integrated into a standard engine flywheel. P.A.R.I.S. systems show a very high efficiency level. Normally, in order to decrease the 2nd harmonic level (mainly responsible for cyclic irregularities in 4 strokes 4 cylinders engines) to 60%, a standard flywheel would have to have around 15

Vidal, Fabrice, Drecq, Daniel, Louradour, Guy

Analysis of the Influence of Crankshaft Vibration Upon the Instantaneous Flywheel Speed

2000-05-028106/12/2000

Momentary flywheel speed is the most convenient signal to detect cylinder-by-cylinder variations. Though some papers had indicated that torsional vibration of crankshaft should be considered at high-speed condition [1][2][3], it is still not very clear how to quantitatively analyze the influence of the vibration upon the flywheel speed. The goal of this paper is to reveal the influence and to find a way to compensate it. At first the transform functions of each cylinder torque to flywheel speed are analyzed. Then based on the transform functions, rigid crankshaft model and flexible crankshaft model are compared. The influence of the torsional vibration on the flywheel speed is investigated. Finally, a compensator of the influence is built. The compensator is verified by the simulation results. After compensation, the measured flywheel speed can be processed under the rigid crankshaft model.

Jianqiu, Li, Minggao, Yang

Experimental Investigation Into the Dynamic Engine Timing Chain Behaviour

98084002/23/1998

This new test method facilitates the direct measurement of the real timing chain load under all engine conditions. The measuring principle is based on a strain gauged chain link in combination with a telemetric transducer system. It guarantees the continuous observation of the link force during the complete chain revolution in order to identify significant dynamic effects, which are responsible for noise, wear and incorrect valve timing.

Weber, C., Herrmann, W., Stadtmann, J.

Development of All Position-Operatable Small Four-stroke Engine

97847910/27/1997

A small four-stroke engine capable of all positional operation has been developed. The engine for hand held equipment provides easy maneuverability like two-stroke engines which are dominated in the small engine market. The developed technologies include the following items. ① 360° all positional operation by adopting a new lubrication system. ② Light-weight with a thin uni-block cylinder, etc. ③ Normal operation at more than 10,000 rpm and at low and medium revolution range are combined by high output with a wide torque band. Equally easy handling and better workability compared with the conventional two-stroke engines are achieved. In addition, better starting reliability, drastically improved emission, and half-reduction of running costs are also confirmed.

Shiga, Mitsuo, Nishida, Takao, Ryu, Yasutake, Tugekawa, Takanori, Higashi, Kenji, Maeda, Takeshi

Automotive Cranking and Charging System Analysis Via Mixed Domain Simulation

97092902/24/1997

In today's automotive development environment it is necessary to look at the totality of an automotive system. For this approach is necessary in order to optimize system designs for reliability, manufacturability and cost. Optimization in the case of the automotive system or subsystems, entails performing trade-off studies on the different components taking into account their interactions. In doing so it is necessary to employ a mixed domain simulation tool. In the case of the Cranking and Charging System electrical, mechanical and thermal domains must be co-simulated. The focus of this paper will be to show how a typical Cranking/Charging system can be analyzed and how the appropriate design decisions can be made.

Divins, Dave

A New Approach to Remote Powering

96178708/01/1996

There are several existing and emerging alternatives to lead acid batteries to provide backup energy storage for remote powering applications. These alternatives include generator sets, flywheel systems, turbine alternators, fuel cells, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). Flywheels offer dramatic improvements in performance, require little maintainance, are environmentally friendly in reliability, maintenance, lifetime, and cost over these energy storage technologies. High strength fiber composites, high efficiency electric drives, and frictionless magnetic bearings along with the declining size and cost of electronics have made these advanced flywheels.

Driscoll, Craig

Evaluation of Constant Speed Assumption for Determining Cylinder Excitation Torque

96004102/01/1996

Order based torsional vibration analysis codes require a separate, non-linear model to compute single cylinder excitation torque for input. The slider crank mechanism model is typically derived using a crankshaft constant angular velocity assumption. Additionally, the equation describing this constant speed mechanism is derived in an approximate form. An exact model for the slider crank mechanism turning at non-constant speed is used in an iterative procedure with an order based impedance model torsional analysis code to quantify the effects of these assumptions. Results are presented for an in-line six diesel engine, and generalized where possible.

Williams, Jeremy

DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS FOR HELICOPTER ENGINES

AIR16 (Current)09/19/1995

Aerospace Council

ENGINE ROTATION AND CYLINDER NUMBERING

J824_199506 (Historical)

06/28/1995

This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry.

Engine Power Test Code Committee

An Analytical Investigation of the Crankshaft-Flywheel Bending Vibrations for a V6 Engine

95127605/01/1995

High vibration levels at the rear bearing cap and oil pump were observed in dyno tests for a particular design of a V6 engine at a rated speed of 4800 r/min. It was found experimentally that the crankshaft-flywheel assembly had a bending resonance at 240 Hz which was excited at around 4800 r/min by 3rd order forces on the crankshaft. A newly developed crankshaft system model (CRANKSYM) was used to analytically verify the above finding and propose possible solutions to the problem. CRANKSYM can perform a coupled analysis among the crankshaft structural dynamics, main bearing hydrodynamics and engine block flexibility. It considers the flywheel dynamics (including the gyroscopic effect), belt loads, crankshaft “bent” and block misboring, and the anisotropy of the block flexibility as seen from a rotating crankshaft. It can also calculate the dynamic stresses on the crankshaft throughout the whole engine cycle. A brief description of CRANKSYM is given in the paper. It was found using

Mourelatos, Zissimos P.

Industrial Power Take-Offs With Driving Ring-Type Overcenter Clutches

J621_199503 (Historical)03/08/1995

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Flywheels for Engine-Mounted Torque Converters

J927_199503 (Historical)03/05/1995

Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee

S.I. Engine Misfire Detection Through the Energy Model

94205910/01/1994

This paper describes the method to detect S. I. engine misfire for the OBD II requirement. In most methods related to the misfire detection, the fluctuation of crankshaft speed is used as an input parameter[1, 2, 3, 4 and 5]. If the misfire detection is performed by the pattern of crankshaft speed without considering the engine dynamics, it is difficult to determine the misfire at high speed and low load condition. So this paper proposed the single degree of freedom energy model of engine dynamics for the misfire detection. Through this model the integral of torque by cylinder pressures are estimated using the variation of crankshaft speed and it is possible to detect the misfire by this integral value.

Lim, Byeongjin, Lim, Inkeon, Park, Jongbum, Pae, Sangsoo, Yoon, Young S., Kim, Eungseo

On the Use of a Computerised Tool Kit as an Analysis Aid for Product and Process Design of Clamshell Heat Exchangers

94075203/01/1994

The paper illustrates the application of a tool kit of computer programs to evaluate possible process designs and tooling details for clamshell type heat exchangers. The work demonstrates modelling rules for analyzing local, regional and global features of a complex stamping. Local analysis is performed on each critical area using the plane strain and axisymmetric approximations as well as a three dimensional model of the beads. Global three dimensional models are then used to investigate interactions between main features. The forming forces, flywheel energy and out-of-balance forces required to select the press are evaluated. It is shown that the design and analysis programs within the Tool Kit are complementary to each other; each providing a different information perspective, each satisfying different lead time and accuracy requirements to address design and analysis needs. The ability of comparing solutions from the different computer tools is an excellent way of building

Dastidar, Pratip, Aboutour, Taher

Estimation of the Cylinder Pressure in a SI Engine Using the Variation of Crankshaft Speed

94014503/01/1994

This paper describes to measure the cylinder pressure in a SI engine using the variation of crankshaft speed. Assuming engine dynamics as a single degree of freedom the energy equation is derived. Through some assumptions each cylinder pressure can be estimated form the pressure torque. Through this study cylinder pressures by this method show good accord with measured value in low to medium speed ranges. For more accurate analysis the crank angle based modeling of friction and vibration is required.

Lim, Byeongjin, Lim, Inkeon, Park, Jongbum, Son, Youngjin, Kim, Eungseo

Flywheels for Two-Plate Spring-Loaded Clutches

J619_199312 (Historical)12/01/1993

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Engine Diagnostics by Dynamic Shaft Measurement: A Progress Report

93241209/01/1993

The feasibility of relating crankshaft free end torsional signals to the misfiring of an individual cylinder has been established in earlier torsional simulation work [1]. This paper advances two diagnostic methods for detection of the IMEP level of individual cylinders. The first method is an enhanced pattern recognition method using both the flywheel torque fluctuation as the primary signal; and the model based reciprocating inertia knowledge for gas pressure torque harmonics determination. The enhanced pattern recognition method ensures IMEP level detection for each individual cylinder. The second method i s based on a reverse simulation algorithm. The dynamic flywheel speed fluctuation is used as the input signal to reconstruct cylinder pressure diagrams for each cylinder. In both methods, a rigorous, multi-mass, lumped mass, elastic crankshaft model is used to depict the mass-elasticity damping system. In the torsional vibration simulation mode, individual cylinder gas pressure

Chen, Simon K., Chen, Scott

Engine Flywheel Housings With Sealed Flanges

J1172_199305 (Historical)05/01/1993

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

J620_199305 (Historical)05/01/1993

This SAE standard defines flywheel configuration for industry standardization, interchangeability, and compatibility. Table 1 and Figure 1 give the dimensions for he flywheels. For dimensions of industrial power take-offs with driving-ring type overcenter cluthes, see SAE J621. For flywheel dimensions for engine-mounted torque converters without front disconnect clutch, see SAE J927.

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

STARTING MOTOR MOUNTINGS

J542_199106 (Current)

06/01/1991

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide standardized dimensions for mounting starting motors. (See Figures 1 through 4.) It is recommended that a full register diameter having a minimum depth of 2.54 mm (0.100 in) be provided in the flywheel housing to insure proper control of gear center distance and clearance between pitch diameters. The clearance between the starting motor pilot diameter and the register diameter in the flywheel housing should be 0.03 mm (0.001 in) minimum to 0.25 mm (0.010 in) maximum. Text noted with an asterisk in Figures 1, 2, and 3, should not exceed root radius of pinion in order to provide clearance for the flywheel. The face of the starting motor mounting flange should be relieved at its junction with the pilot diameter to avoid mounting interference with flywheel housing. For backlash allowance between the pinion and ring gear refer to SAE J543. Dimensional units—millimeter (inch)

Electrical Systems

Consideration of a New Type Two-Mass Flywheel

91105905/01/1991

Recently two-mass flywheels have adopted in various types of engines to decrease torsional engine vibrations. A two-mass flywheel has a resonance frequency below the idle speed. Thus, it must be provided with an energy dissipating mechanism to avoid a resonance problem. Consequently, flywheel's damping effectiveness at practical engine speeds is decreased because the energy dissipating mechanism restricts relative displacement of the two-mass flywheel. In this work, a new prototype two-mass flywheel was evaluated and found to be effective in improving two important qualities of such devices; (1) its ability to decrease torsional vibrations (2) its ability to avoid resonance problems during engine startup.

Yamamoto, Ken-ishi, Umeyama, Mitsuhiro, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki, Otake, Toshihiro, Kobayashi, Kiyonori

Experimental Evaluation of Tappet/Bore and Cam/Tappet Friction for a Direct Acting Bucket Tappet Valvetrain

90208610/01/1990

Tappet/bore friction and torque at the camshaft were measured for a direct acting bucket tappet using a cam/tappet friction apparatus. Tappet/bore and cam/tappet friction torque and friction coefficient as a function of cam angle were derived from those measurements. The results showed that, for the particular geometry tested, tappet/bore friction torque accounted for about 13% of the total cam/tappet/bore friction torque at 250 cam rpm. This fraction decreased with increasing speed. Tappet bore friction was greatest at about ± 40 degrees of cam angle, where side loads on the tappet bore were highest. In contrast, earlier results for a center pivot rocker arm design showed tappet bore friction to be negligible.

Pieprzak, J. M., Willermet, P. A., Dailey, D. P.

Industrial Power Take-Offs With Driving Ring-Type Overcenter Clutches

J621_198904 (Historical)04/01/1989

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Variable Geometry Turbocharger with Electronic Control

89064502/01/1989

In the field of heavy duty diesel engines for trucks, fuel economy and high output power are required and have been improved. In the past, exhaust gas regulations have mainly applied to spark ignition engines. Recently, their main targets have changed to diesel engines. Especially, the new U.S. reguration in 1991 and 1994 are very severe ones. Engine makers of the world are challenging this new target vigorously. These emission regurations demand more from the turbocharger. In addition to improved efficiency, better air fuel ratio control is required. The variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) gives an improvement in air fuel ratio control, but it's effectiveness can be limited by the control system, IHI has a VGT in production with a 4 step control. The fuzzy control adjusts the vanes continuously and it's development is the subject of this paper. The controller consists of a micro processor, sensors and a stepping motor to drive nozzles. The driving mechanism of the nozzles is

Ikeya, Nobuyuki, Tomita, Tetsuya, Ishihara, Daiji, Matsuoka, Hideaki, Nakamura, Fusayoshi

Flywheels for Engine-Mounted Torque Converters

J927_198811 (Historical)11/01/1988

Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee

Engine Flywheel Housings with Sealed Flanges

J1172_198810 (Historical)10/01/1988

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

J620_198810 (Historical)10/01/1988

SAE IC Powertrain Steering Committee

Software TDC for Diesel Engines

880484

02/01/1988

The high compression ratio in Diesel engines leads to pronounced minima of the flywheel angular velocity at idle conditions. The minima coincide with the zero crossover of the torque acting on the crankshaft; that is when a piston is in the TDC position. The ring gear of the flywheel with one marked tooth is used as an angular scale. The ring gear is not precise enough to observe the minima of angular velocity directly, but the “center of gravity” of the peak below the mean angular velocity correlates with the TDC with an error less than 0.5° CA. A Software TDC Generator is proposed, that calibrates the angular position of the marked tooth at idle conditions, and generates continuously an output pulse (TDC-pulse) at a given angular position of the crankshaft.

Schweimer, George W.

Shaft Seal Moulded in the Seal Housing which Incorporates a Static Seal Against Cylinder Block and Oil Pan (Rotostat Seal)

880307

02/01/1988

Deuring, Hans

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