Browse Topic: Brazing

Items (258)

Characterization of Laser brazed joints Vis a Vis conventional BIW joining methods

2021-26-044709/22/2021

In recent years, there has been a rapid growing demand for laser brazing in the transportation industry for automotive-Body in White (BIW) steel sheet assembly. Implementation of laser brazing is aimed primarily to improve productivity, quality of joints and cost. Laser brazing works by filling the opening amongst two substrates by melting the filler wire with the help of laser beam (used as a heat source), whereas in conventional resistance spot welding, contacting metal surface points are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. Body in White (BIW) is essentially a welded metal structure which is meant to provide durability and crashworthiness to the vehicle and is conventionally assembled using resistance spot welding process. The BIW structure comprises of various steel grades having varying thicknesses, composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. Laser brazing as a joining method was introduced as an alternative to resistance spot welding for

Kumar, Animesh, Hatwalne, Mrunal, Ponkshe, Shripadraj, Misal, Swapnali

Welding, Brazing, and Soldering - Materials and Practices

J1147_201801 (Current)

01/09/2018

The Joint AWS/SAE Committee on Automotive Welding was organized on January 16, 1974, for the primary purpose of facilitating the development and publication of various documents related to the selection, specification, testing, and use of welding materials and practices, particularly for the automotive and related industries. A secondary purpose is the dissemination of technical information.

Metals Technical Committee

Impact Mechanism of Multiple Major Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Laser Brazing Lap Joint of Galvanized Steel for Vehicle

2017-01-501009/22/2017

In order to research the effect of process parameters (laser power, welding speed, wire-feed speed, spot diameter) on mechanical properties of Zn-coated Steel Laser Brazing Lap Joint for vehicle, the influence of welding parameters on energy input of brazing seam cross section was theoretically analyzed, and then a great number of laser brazing experiments of 0.7mm galvanized steel was carried out. After that, the tensile strength and micro-hardness tests were also done for well-formed joints of galvanized steel formed in the laser brazing. The results show that joints with good mechanical properties and surface morphology can be formed when laser power is in the range of 2500-3200W and the other parameters keep in a specified range. Joint performance significantly reduces when the value of wire-feed speed exceeds 3.0m/min for that a wider brazing seam cross section can’t be formed. And tensile strength of the joint drops steeply when welding speed exceeds 50mm/s, because the solid

Liu, H.J., Zhang, X.D.

Process Robustness of Laser Braze-Welded Al/Cu Connectors

2016-01-119804/05/2016

Laser welding of dissimilar metals such as Aluminum and Copper, which is required for Li-ion battery joining, is challenging due to the inevitable formation of the brittle and high electrical-resistant intermetallic compounds. Recent research has shown that by using a novel technology, called laser braze-welding, the Al-Cu intermetallics can be minimized to achieve superior mechanical and electrical joint performance. This paper investigates the robustness of the laser braze-welding process. Three product and process categories, i.e. choice of materials, joint configurations, and process conditions, are studied. It is found that in-process effects such as sample cleanness and shielding gas fluctuations have a minor influence on the process robustness. Furthermore, many pre-process effects, e.g. design changes such as multiple layers or anodized base material can be successfully welded by process adaption. The minimization of the interface gap is identified as the most significant

Cai, Wayne, Schmalen, Pascal, Plapper, Peter

Methodology of Evaluating Margins of Safety in Critical Brazed Joints

TBMG-2341702/01/2014

This methodology provides a guide consisting of design, testing, and structural analysis steps developed to assure positive strength margins of safety (MS) in critical brazed joints used for assembly of flight and non-flight structures.

Key Factors to Manage Filler Metal Creation on Aluminum Heat Exchangers

2013-01-101804/08/2013

To assess the ability of a material to create filler metal flow and fill the brazing joint areas during the brazing process, we adapted a method which is called aluminum Flow Factor test. The target is to take benefit of this test in order to reach an optimum level of heat exchanger performance from project development steps. This paper studies similar aluminum clad material compositions coming from different suppliers. After brazing process, significant differences were noticed in the filler metal flow results. This study highlighted the impact of brazing peak temperature to create more or less flow of filler metal. The Flow Factor is promoted by the increase of brazing peak temperature. It also showed that regardless the material gage, at a low peak temperature of 591°C, Flow Factor are quite similar around 0,18. Even if the silicon particle size was not especially studied, compared to others papers, this study didn't show a main impact on Flow Factor results compared to other

Pasquet, Laurent, Bergès, Damien, DA SILVA, Philippe, Demarcq, Claire

Brazing, Aluminum Torch or Furnace

AMS2672D (Historical)08/10/2011

This specification covers the engineering requirements for producing brazed joints on aluminum and aluminum alloys by torch or furnace brazing.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Flux, Aluminum Dip Brazing 1030°F (554°C) or Lower Liquidus

AMS3415A (Historical)08/09/2011

This specification covers an aluminum brazing flux in granular form. This product has been used typically for dip brazing of aluminum and aluminum alloys at temperatures above 1050 degrees F (564 degrees C), but usage is not limited to such applications.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Flux, Aluminum Dip Brazing 1030 °F (554 °C) or Lower Liquidus

AMS3415D (Historical)04/19/2011

This specification covers the requirements for an aluminum brazing flux in granular form.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Brazing Sheet, Aluminum Alloy

AMSB20148A (Historical)11/19/2008

This specification covers aluminum alloy brazing sheet for use in brazed aluminum joints.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program, Requirements for Brazing

AS7102/1A (Current)07/30/2008

This document has been declared "CANCELLED" as of July 2008 and has been superseded by PRI AC7102/1. By this action, this document will remain listed in the Numerical Section of the Aerospace Standards Index noting that it is superseded by PRI AC7102/1. Cancelled specifications are available from SAE.

Nadcap Management Council

Miniature Incandescent Lamps as Fiber-Optic Light Sources

TBMG-1122807/01/2008

Miniature incandescent lamps of a special type have been invented to satisfy a need for compact, rapid-response, rugged, broadband, power-efficient, fiber-optic-coupled light sources for diverse purposes that could include calibrating spectrometers, interrogating optical sensors, spot illumination, and spot heating. A lamp of this type (see figure) includes a re-entrant planar spiral filament mounted within a ceramic package heretofore normally used to house an integrated-circuit chip. The package is closed with a window heretofore normally used in ultraviolet illumination to erase volatile electronic memories. The size and shape of the filament and the proximity of the filament to the window are such that light emitted by the filament can be coupled efficiently to an optical fiber without intervening optics.

Miniature Incandescent Lamps as Fiber-Optic Light Sources

TBMG-296207/01/2008

Miniature incandescent lamps of a special type have been invented to satisfy a need for compact, rapid- response, rugged, broadband, power- efficient, fiber-optic- coupled light sources for diverse purposes that could include calibrating spectrometers, interrogating optical sensors, spot illumination, and spot heating. A lamp of this type (see figure) includes a re-entrant planar spiral filament mounted within a ceramic package heretofore normally used to house an integrated-circuit chip. The package is closed with a window heretofore normally used in ultraviolet illumination to erase volatile electronic memories. The size and shape of the filament and the proximity of the filament to the window are such that light emitted by the filament can be coupled efficiently to an optical fiber without intervening optics.

Flux, Brazing, High Temperature

AMS3417C (Current)10/31/2007

This specification covers a high temperature brazing flux in the form of paste or powder.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Filler Metal, Aluminum Brazing, 10Si - 4.0Cu (4145)

AMS4184F (Historical)10/16/2007

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of wire, sheet, foil, pig, grains, shot, and chips.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Nadcap Requirements for Brazing (Torch and Induction)

AS7110/1D (Current)03/06/2007

This document has been declared "CANCELLED" as of March 2007 and has been superseded by PRI AC7110/1. By this action, this document will remain listed in the Numerical Section of the Aerospace Standards Index noting that it is superseded by PRI AC7110/1. Cancelled specifications are available from SAE.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110D (Current)03/06/2007

This document has been declared "CANCELLED" as of March 2007 and has been superseded by PRI AC7110. By this action, this document will remain listed in the Numerical Section of the Aerospace Standards Index noting that it is superseded by PRI AC7110. Cancelled specifications are available from SAE.

Nadcap Management Council

A New High Strength CAB Evaporator Plate Alloy with High Corrosion Resistance

2005-01-203605/10/2005

A new evaporator plate alloy identified as FA7857 has been developed by Sapa. This alloy which is intended for CAB brazing, has been developed to meet the market needs for a material with good formability prior to brazing and a low susceptibility to filler liquid core penetration (sometimes termed LFM) during brazing. The excellent formability in the annealed condition, with an elongation of 26% and an Erichsen cup height of 9.2mm, makes this material highly suitable for pre-stretching prior to evaporator plate forming and brazing. An appropriate pre-stretch is 5% which eliminates the risk of LFM, while improving the uniformity of flow of the filler metal and the final corrosion performance. In SWAAT corrosion tests, brazed samples of the two-side clad sheet remained unperforated after 42 days of testing. These excellent corrosion properties combined with a material yield strength of 53MPa in the post-brazed condition will contribute to the production of a more durable, lighter weight

Melander, Marja, Oskarsson, Anders, Moberg, Annika, Wass, Stefan, Stenqvist, Torkel

Flux, Aluminum Dip Brazing, 1090°F (588°C), Fusion Point

AMS3416B (Current)02/11/2005

This specification covers an aluminum brazing flux in granular form.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110C (Historical)12/08/2003

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Brazing (Torch & Induction)

AS7110/1C (Historical)12/08/2003

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7110. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7110, the requirements contained herein shall apply to suppliers seeking Nadcap accreditation for brazing (torch and/or induction).

Nadcap Management Council

Combined Welding-Brazing Process for Joining AluminumSteel-Tailored Blanks with High Power Laser Sources

2002-01-200907/09/2002

The use of high power laser sources (CO2) enables the joining of aluminum and zinc-coated steel sheets in butt configuration, using a combined welding-brazing process. Comparable to conventional thermal joining technologies, like resistance spot welding, intermetallic phases are formed in the contact zone leading to a decrease of the mechanical properties of the joint. With locally restricted energy input and high joining speeds the formation of these phases can be minimized to a none critical level. For the characterization of the seam morphology optical, X-ray and electron microscopy examinations have been carried out, demonstrating a phase layer thickness of about 2 μm. In mechanical tests, fracture stresses of 144 N/mm2 have been achieved.

Kreimeyer, Michael, Wagner, Florian, Sepold, Gerd, Joly, Marion, Criqui, Bernard

Brazed Double Wall Low-Carbon Steel Tubing

J527_200011 (Historical)11/28/2000

This SAE Standard covers brazed double wall low-carbon steel tubing intended for general automotive, refrigeration, hydraulic, and other similar applications requiring tubing of a suitable quality for bending, flaring, beading, forming, and brazing.

Metallic Tubing Committee

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110B (Historical)09/01/2000

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP). These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by NADCAP Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Brazing (Torch & Induction)

AS7110/1B (Historical)09/01/2000

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7110. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7110, the requirements contained herein shall apply to suppliers seeking NADCAP accreditation for brazing (torch and/or induction).

Nadcap Management Council

Filler Metal, Aluminum Brazing 10si 4.0cu (4145)

AMS4184E (Historical)07/01/2000

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of wire, sheet, foil, pig, grains, shot, and chips. This material has been used typically for joining aluminum by brazing, but usage is not limited to such applications.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Flux, Aluminum Dip Brazing 1030 °F (554 °C) or Lower Liquidus

AMS3415C (Historical)05/01/2000

This specification covers an aluminum brazing flux in granular form.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Welded Low-Carbon Steel Tubing

J526_200001 (Historical)01/01/2000

SAE J526 Standard covers welded single-wall low-carbon steel tubing intended for general automotive, refrigeration, hydraulic, and other similar applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, flaring, beading, forming, and brazing.

Metallic Tubing Committee

Welded and Cold Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Tubing Annealed for Bending and Flaring *HS-150/2000*

J525_199905 (Historical)05/01/1999

This SAE Standard covers normalized electric-resistance welded, cold-drawn, single-wall, low-carbon steel pressure tubing intended for use as pressure lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, flaring, forming, and brazing.

Metallic Tubing Committee

Joining of P/M Components

1999-01-088903/01/1999

The successful integration of P/M into a large number of subassemblies can depend on the ability to join P/M components to each other and to wrought materials. Common methods of joining metal components, such as brazing and welding, can give unexpected results when applied to P/M. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the joining of P/M components of varying hardenability, density, and composition using friction welding, high speed pulse welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and brazing. The joints are evaluated using ultimate strength, microhardness, and microstructure. The results show that solid state process, such as high speed pulse welding and friction welding are applicable to all but the highest hardenability materials. Gas tungsten arc welding has less applicability due to crack formation upon cooling. Brazing is generally applicable with most P/M materials assuming a suitable filler metal is selected.

Parmigiani, J.P., Kosco, J.C.

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110A (Historical)11/01/1997

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding Services to be accredited by the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP). These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by NADCAP Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Torch Brazing

AS7110/1A (Historical)11/01/1997

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7110. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7110, the requirements contained herein shall apply to suppliers seeking NADCAP accreditation for torch brazing.

Nadcap Management Council

Flux, Aluminum Brazing For Torch or Furnace Brazing

AMS3412D (Historical)

09/01/1997

This specification covers an aluminum brazing flux in the form of powder.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Mechanisms of Liquid Film Migration (LFM) in Aluminum Brazing Sheet

97184905/19/1997

The phenomenon of liquid film migration (LFM) in aluminum brazing is described in a companion paper [1]. To clarify the mechanism, the effect of core alloy homogenization, cold work prior to brazing, and brazing temperature on the LFM kinetics has been studied. Based on microstructures, LFM kinetics, and concentration profile data, factors influencing the migration rate of liquid films have been analyzed. Several possible driving forces for LFM are proposed: (1) coherency strain energy, (2) reduction of particle/matrix interfacial energy, and (3) reduction of energy in recovered dislocation structure or subgrain boundaries in the case of lightly cold worked brazing sheet.

Yang, Henry (Hong) S., Woods, Ralph A.

Liquid Film Migration During Aluminum Brazing

97184805/19/1997

The effects are described in aluminum brazing of a phenomenon known as Liquid Film Migration (LFM). This is primarily encountered when -O temper parts are formed and subsequently brazed. If the combination of material homogenization, alloy and cold work is such that the material does not recrystallize totally before the brazing temperature is reached, then the system begins to equilibrate by rapid solid state diffusional processes. These create a moving liquid interface which sweeps from the clad/core interface into the core of the material. This causes significant compositional changes in the volume through which the liquid film passes. Reduced brazeability (filler metal flow) results from the rapid diffusion of silicon into the core. Additionally, a coarse band of intermetallics is formed upon solidification of the enriched liquid zone which can impair corrosion resistance.

Woods, Ralph A.

Aluminum Alloy, Rolled Or Cold-Finished, Bars, Rods, Wire, and Flash Welded Rings, 1.0mg 0.60si 0.28cu 0.20cr, (6061-0) Annealed

AMS4115F (Historical)09/01/1996

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold-finished bars, rods, and wire, of flash welded rings, and of stock for flash welded rings. These products have been used typically for parts requiring moderate strength, especially where such parts require brazing or welding during fabrication, but usage is not limited to such applications.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Welded Low-Carbon Steel Tubing

J526_199602 (Historical)02/01/1996

SAE j526 Standard covers welded single-wall low-carbon steel tubing intended for general automotive, refrigeration, hydraulic, and other similar applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, flaring, bending, forming, and brazing.

Metallic Tubing Committee

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (Nadcap) Requirements for Brazing

AS7102/1 (Historical)11/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7102. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7102, the requirements contained herein shall apply to heat treaters seeking NADCAP accreditation for brazing.

Nadcap Management Council

Welded Low-Carbon Steel Tubing Suitable for Bending, Flaring, Beading, Forming and Brazing

J526_199505 (Historical)05/01/1995

SAE J526 Standard covers welded single-wall low-carbon steel tubing intended for general automotive, refrigeration, hydraulic, and other similar applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, flaring, beading, forming, and brazing.

Metallic Tubing Committee

FLUX, ALUMINUM DIP BRAZING 1090°F (588°C) Fusion Point

AMS3416A (Historical)05/01/1995

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/6 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/4 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/7 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/8 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/3 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/9 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

Nadcap Requirements for Welding/Brazing

AS7110/5 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers of Welding/Brazing Services to be accredited by Nadcap. These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by Nadcap Welding Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7110) will ensure that accredited Welding/Brazing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Nadcap Management Council

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program Requirements for Torch Brazing

AS7110/1 (Historical)03/01/1995

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7110. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7110, the requirements contained herein shall apply to suppliers seeking NADCAP accreditation for torch brazing.

Nadcap Management Council

Prefluxed Aluminum Tube for Brazed Automotive Heat Exchangers

95011602/01/1995

Provision of a thin layer of zinc on aluminium to provide the fillets during brazing has been described previously [1]. The process for zinc coating of the extruded aluminium multiport tubes has been further enhanced by utilisation of the zinc layer to carry flux for subsequent brazing operations, thereby making it possible to produce brazed heat exchanger assemblies utilising the thin zinc layer, without the need for a separate fluxing operation prior to brazing. The flux is applied directly onto the molten zinc coating where it becomes mechanically locked in position when the zinc freezes. Because of this action, the flux cannot be easily dislodged, unlike other techniques where powdered flux has been sprayed directly upon the aluminium tube surface or a fused flux has been applied to the tube surface. The prefluxed product can readily be handled and subjected to simple forming operations without dislodging the flux. Flux can be adhered to zinc coatings as thin as two micrometers and

Morley, E. J., Börjeson, R.

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