Browse Topic: Drying

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Virtual Paint Shop: Automotive E-coating Process2026-26-03651/16/2026
The automotive paint shop is one of the most energy-intensive processes in vehicle manufacturing. This drives automotive OEMs to continuously improve production efficiency and reduce operational costs through digital twin technologies. Additionally, the push for shorter time-to-market emphasizes the need for simulation-based manufacturing processes—such as virtual testing and CAE simulations—to enable faster, data-driven decision-making early in the product development cycle, ultimately reducing cost and development time. Among the various stages in the paint shop, two of the most critical are: 1. Electro-dip coating (E-coating), also known as Electro-Deposition coating, which applies a corrosion-resistant primer to the Body-in-White (BIW). 2. Oven curing, which ensures the primer is properly bonded and cured for long-term protection and finish quality. To optimize these processes, a Dip-Drain-E-Coating simulation was developed using Siemens Simcenter STAR-CCM+. This simulation
Gundavarapu, V S Kumar, p, Vivekaanandan, Garg, Manish, Navelkar, Tanay, BS, Balachandran
High-Fidelity Digital Twin Autoclave for Quality Informed Composite FabricationF-0080-2024-11395/7/2024
The Autoclave processing is commonly used in manufacturing high-performance fibre-reinforced thermoset composite components in the aerospace industry. Variations in the cure cycle, sometimes even apparently minor deviations from the prescribed cure cycle, can harm the laminate properties. Given the costly and time-consuming autoclave manufacturing process, there is a strong need to cure the maximum number of parts in the shortest possible time without compromising quality. In order to achieve high-rate automated manufacturing with the optimized autoclave process, it is important to construct a digital twin modelling approach to mirror the physical composite curing process in the virtual domain based on the integration of high-fidelity multi-physics models. The resulting digital twin includes a thermal CFD model, a thermo-chemo-mechanical module, and an efficient and accurate block coupling between these two modules. The customized Abaqus driven by local and spatial variation of the
Lua, Jim, Phan, Nam, Guay, Ian, Yan, Jinhui, Karuppiah, Anand, Shrestha, Kalyan
Polishing Compound, Aircraft MetalAMS1650D (Current)5/6/2021
This specification covers a polishing compound for aircraft metals in the form of a liquid or paste.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
4D Printing of Morphing StructuresTBMG-384942/1/2021
Soft robots and biomedical implants that reconfigure themselves upon demand are closer to reality with a new way to print shapeshifting materials. Researchers have developed a method to print objects that can be manipulated to take on alternate forms when exposed to changes in temperature, electric current, or stress.
Wafer-Scale Membrane Release ProcessTBMG-384762/1/2021
Precise measurements utilizing sensitive instruments may require thermally managed detectors; therefore, thermal insulation of the detector is essential to its performance. To maintain critical signal-to-noise ratio, there is a need for larger thermal isolation structures. Due to high detector filling fraction limits, these isolation structures may be thinner, less mechanically robust, and more prone to breakage during fabrication.
4D Printing of Morphing StructuresTBMG-373948/1/2020
Soft robots and biomedical implants that reconfigure themselves upon demand are closer to reality with a new way to print shapeshifting materials. Researchers have developed a method to print objects that can be manipulated to take on alternate forms when exposed to changes in temperature, electric current, or stress.
Polymer Composite for Radiation ShieldingTBMG-374828/1/2020
A material consisting of a polymer compound embedded with bismuth trioxide particles holds potential for replacing conventional radiation shielding materials such as lead. The bismuth trioxide compound is lightweight, effective at shielding against ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, and can be manufactured quickly — making it a promising material for use in applications such as space exploration, medical imaging, and radiation therapy.
High-Consistency Rubber Provides Versatility for Medical Device ManufacturingTBMG-340013/1/2019
With more insight about the characteristics of this versatile silicone material, medical device manufacturers can better understand potential applications and considerations for selecting and using high-consistency rubbers in medical devices.
Manufacturing Technique Helps Inkjet Printers Deliver Ink More EvenlyTBMG-337082/1/2019
When a coffee mug leaves a ring, the outer edges of that ring are darker than the inside of the ring. That's because the solute is separated from the liquid during the evaporation process — the coffee ring effect. This same effect can happen with printers. When printing a text document, the text itself consists of an outline of the letters and the inside of the letters. While it may not be visible to the untrained eye, the outlines are actually darker than the inside. This happens during the drying process, just like the coffee ring effect. Efforts have been made to find a way to remove this difference in pigmentation.
Tailoring Plastics Joining Methods to DIVERSE Medical Device NeedsTBMG-3308410/1/2018
The European Commission defines personalized medicine as, “a medical approach tailored to the patient or a group of patients for prevention, prediction and treatment . . . that moves away from the ‘one size fits all’ medical model.”
The Repair Design and Technology of Metal Rotor Blades for Mi Family Helicopter - The Approach with the Usage of Reverse Engineering2017-01-21559/19/2017
Polish Armed Forces are currently operating hundred helicopters belonging to Mi family. Metal fuselage is usually resistant to the battle and the human factor. Unfortunately, metal rotor blades of Mi helicopters are sensitive to operating conditions. Single blade is made from monolithic aluminum spar and mutually separated trailing sections, which are bonded to the spar. The sections are constructed of metal sandwich panels. During aggressive military operating conditions blades sections are often damaged by debonding from the spar, fatigue cracks of section skin, dents and perforations as well as erosion. The manufacturer assumed that structurally damaged sections should be exchanged. Provided repair technologies are applied only to cosmetic damages. Unfortunately, there is a limit to number repairs which prevents replacement of two neighboring sections due to the high temperature of curing cycle during the section replacement. Additionally the old technology is expensive and time
Salacinski, Michal, Broda, Piotr, Samoraj, Piotr
Adam Sidor, NASA Research Fellow, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GATBMG-271026/20/2017
Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) — heatshields — form the outer surface of spacecraft and provide protection as the vehicle plunges through planetary atmospheres. Conformal ablative materials are currently being developed to improve TPS performance. Adam Sidor is developing a fresh approach to designing and manufacturing these materials to produce larger tile sizes while reducing labor, cost, and waste.
The Effects of Cure Schedule on Water-Based LASD Loss Factor and Implications for Prototype Testing2017-01-18546/5/2017
Liquid applied sound deadener (LASD) is a light-weight, targeted vibration damping treatment traditionally used in the automotive market for body-in-white (BIW) panels. Water-based LASDs may cure over a wide range of conditions from room temperature to over 200°C. However, curing conditions commonly affect change in the damping characteristics. A thorough understanding of the relationship between curing conditions and subsequent damping performances will inform the material selection process and may allow pre-manufacturing designs to be adjusted with limited impact during validation. This paper aims to strengthen the quantitative understanding of the role LASD curing conditions have on damping performance by observing the effects of variations in thickness and cure temperature as measured by the Oberst method. Additionally, this paper proposes a simple approach to using LASD treatments of equivalent damping loss factor to approximate heat-cure LASD performance with room temperature
Anton, John T., Ley, Jason, Grover, Ikpreet S., Stotera, David
Portable Bonding SystemF-0073-2017-120965/9/2017
ABSTRACT The current method used for bonding liners onto dynamic components requires the use of spring-loaded clamps, vacuum bags, and ovens. This process works well for our smaller articles although has posed problems for our larger bonding requirements. The primary problem for our large bonded components is our ovens would take up to 3.5 hrs. to heat the thickest areas up to bonding temperature. For the adhesives that we use the recommended temperature ramp-up time is 20-60 minutes. In addition, the thinner areas reach temperature sooner and would exceed the recommended maximum curing time of 60 min. A minimum of 25 pounds per square inch (PSI) is required to achieve a sound bondline. The clamps used during cure cycles rely on springs to apply pressure to the liner being bonded. The pressure they exert is not exact, and tends to vary. A vacuum bag can only apply the pressure that is supplied by shop air, 14.7 psi. The solution to achieving uniform and accurate pressure during bonding
Tuscano, Mark
New Developments in the Manufacture of Invar Tooling for Composite ComponentsF-0071-2015-102035/5/2015
ABSTRACT When designing tooling for autoclave curing of close tolerance composite components there is always the tradeoff between the cost and durability of the tooling. Composite tooling can be easily constructed but is not very durable, whereas metal tooling made from low expansion alloy - Invar - is extremely durable but more costly to fabricate. The expense of Invar tooling is greatly affected by the complexity of the part, particularly for large components, which may have to be fabricated from welded and machined assemblies. Recent developments in the casting industry have lead to significant improvements in the design and fabrication of Invar tooling. Simulation systems for mold design and pattern-less mold preparation technologies have greatly reduced the mold design time, enhanced first-time yield and design change flexibility. It is now possible to incorporate last minute design changes shortly before the casting is poured. Thus it is possible to produce a complex near net
Durham, Simon, Duquenne, Christian
Evaluation Technique for Thermal Distortion of Automotive Outer Panels Using the Simulation of Curvature2015-01-13404/14/2015
Automotive outer panels may be distorted during heat treatments for curing of structural adhesives and mastic sealers. Distortion occurs due to residual stress between the adhesive and the panel following the curing process of the adhesive. The research discussed in this paper therefore considered a simulation technique of distortion and measuring method using curvature as the evaluative indicator. Curvature refers to the change of gradient of the curved surface, and the difference in curvature between the standard shape of the panel and the distortion section closely resembles the results of visual evaluations. Test panels were manufactured and measurements of their curvature were conducted. A study of the correlation of measurement results with the results of visual evaluations showed a good match. The curvature in a simulation of distortion in which the adhesive was cured between heating and cooling and the adhesive and panel were held fixed in position only during the cooling
Toyooka, Yoichi, Hasegawa, Kiyoshi
Insulating Materials and Precursor Formulations, and Method of FormingTBMG-214092/1/2015
Methods were developed for forming an insulating material that combines a polysilazane, a cross-linking compound, and a gas-generating compound to form a reaction mixture, and curing the reaction mixture to form a modified polysilazane. The gas-generating compound may be water, an alcohol, an amine, or a matrix comprising one of a reaction product of a polysilazane and an isocyanate, and a reaction product of a polysilazane and an epoxy resin. The matrix also comprises a plurality of interconnected pores produced from a reaction of the polysilazane and the epoxy resin.
Development of Improved Method for Magnetically Formed Decorative Painting2014-32-004511/11/2014
Currently, there is a growing demand for application of plastic coverings for motorcycles in the market. Accordingly, decorative features for plastic coverings are increasingly important to enhance the attractiveness of exterior designs of those motorcycles. Under these circumstances, the magnetically formed decorative painting had been adopted to a mass-production model sold in Thailand in 2008. Magnetically formed decorative painting is a method in which the design patterns are formed by painting a material that contains flakes movable along with magnetic fields, while applying magnetic sheets in the ornamenting design shapes underneath the part being painted. It offers a three-dimensional appearance even though its surface has no protrusions or indentations. The degree of three-dimensionality on the paint surface appearance was defined as “plasticity” [1] (a term used in pictorial arts). In our development, a challenge was made to create higher plasticity compared to the painting
Tanaka, Akiko, Sato, Ikue
LED Spot LampTBMG-2100811/1/2014
DELO (Windach, Germany) now offers a new, high-intensity LED spot lamp with a wavelength of 400 nm. The DELOLUX 50 allows for fast, reliable, pinpoint curing of adhesive layers with thicknesses up to 10 mm, making it suitable for transmission through plastics like polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) or polyamide (PA). The lamp’s LED heads are available in two variants with an emission spectrum of 365 nm and 400 nm. Because of the two variants, the DELOLUX 50 easily cures UV- and light-curing adhesives, regardless of whether components need to be fixed in less than one second with 365 nm or deep cured with 400 nm.
Automotive Vehicle Body Temperature Prediction in a Paint Oven2014-01-06444/1/2014
Automotive vehicle body electrophoretic (e-coat) and paint application has a high degree of complexity and expense in vehicle assembly. These steps involve coating and painting the vehicle body. Each step has multiple coatings and a curing process of the body in an oven. Two types of heating methods, radiation and convection, are used in the ovens to cure coatings and paints during the process. During heating stage in the oven, the vehicle body has large thermal stresses due to thermal expansion. These stresses may cause permanent deformation and weld/joint failure. Body panel deformation and joint failure can be predicted by using structural analysis with component surface temperature distribution. The prediction will avoid late and costly changes to the vehicle design. The temperature profiles on the vehicle components are the key boundary conditions used to perform structure analysis. This paper presents an efficient method to predict vehicle body temperature profiles as the vehicle
Wu, Yu Hsien, Surapaneni, Sreekanth, Srinivasan, Kumar, Stibich, Paul
Comparative Studies of Adhesive Joints in Automotive2014-01-07884/1/2014
Use of adhesives in automotive require in-depth material, design, manufacturing & engineering knowledge. It is also necessary to understand functional requirements. For perfect and flawless adhesive joinery, the exact quantity of adhesive, its material composition, thickness of adhesive layer, substrate preparation methods for adhesive bonding, handling and curing time of the adhesive have to be studied & optimized. This paper attempts to describe different aspects of adhesive bonding in automotive industry to include: Selection of adhesives based on application and design of the components, surface preparation of adherend, designing of adhesive joint, curing conditions of adhesives, testing and validation of adhesive joints. Emphasis was given to study & verify the performance of different adhesive joints to meet end product requirements. Samples were prepared with a variety of adhesive and adherend combinations. These combinations were tested for tensile, single lap shear, T-peel
Ghosh, Debabrata, Pancholi, Lokesh, Sathaye, Asmita
Compatibility Assessment of Elastomer Materials to Test Fuels Representing Gasoline Blends Containing Ethanol and Isobutanol2014-01-14624/1/2014
The compatibility of elastomeric materials used in fuel storage and dispensing applications was determined for test fuels representing neat gasoline and gasoline blends containing 10 and 17 vol.% ethanol, and 16 and 24 vol.% isobutanol. The actual test fuel chemistries were based on the aggressive formulations described in SAE J1681 for oxygenated gasoline. Elastomer specimens of fluorocarbon, fluorosilicone, acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), polyurethane, neoprene, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and silicone were exposed to the test fuels for 4 weeks at 60°C. After measuring the wetted volume and hardness, the specimens were dried for 20 hours at 60°C and then remeasured for volume and hardness. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was also performed to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). Comparison to the original values showed that all elastomer materials experienced volume expansion and softening when wetted by the test fuels. The fluorocarbons underwent the least amount of
Kass, Michael D., Theiss, Timothy, Pawel, Steve, Baustian, James, Wolf, Les, Koch, Wolf, Janke, Chris
Control of Gaseous Emission During the Curing of Novolac Phenolic Resin in Friction Materials Production: Production Cycle, Physical Properties and Tribological Properties Improvements2013-01-20589/30/2013
Thermosetting resins such as Novolac phenolic resin are commonly used as binders in the production of friction materials. It is known that the reactions between the Novolac resin and hexamethylenetetramine (used as catalyst) produce volatile compounds as ammonia. Emitted gases give rise to pores in the friction material. This forces producers to create specific pressure-no pressure cycles to avoid cracking of the material during production. The contribution of this paper deals with the reduction of volatile compounds emission during curing by modifying the composition of the mix formula using two approaches: The first one consists in adding to the formulation suitable fillers that are able to absorb volatile compounds and not to release them for temperatures up to 200°C. These substances must have high surface area and acidic properties to effectively absorb ammonia and other volatile compound and shall be chosen between commercial fillers already used in the formulation of brake pad
Santamaria Razo, Diego Adolfo, Pellerej, Diego
The Manufacture of Advanced Composite Parts to Rigid Industrial Specifications - Can it be Made?2013-01-22189/17/2013
Composite production rates will need to increase markedly to meet future demand, especially in the case of mainstream automotive. Coupled with that is need to keep quality levels high and costs down. Scrap represents a large portion of this cost and should be minimised. Due to the complexities of composite manufacture there are numerous sources of variation. These variations mean that a composite part cannot be considered to be “flawless”. Instead acceptable levels of variation are established. These requirements govern whether or not a part is scrapped based on a set of measurements. These measurements are carried out assuming that there are no flaws arising from the design of the part. This paper details the attempt to manufacture a flat panel followed by some more complex features in order to determine if the acceptance criteria can be rigidly adhered to. Using a process map developed from previous work the phases of manufacture are detailed and their potential sources of
Crowley, Dennis Michael, Ward, Carwyn, Potter, Kevin
Optimization of Assembly Processes by Heated Air Technology2013-01-21339/17/2013
In today's assembly of large complex Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) components, e.g. vertical tail planes (VTP) of modern passenger aircrafts, liquid resin-based materials are used for several applications. Commonly, liquid resin-based materials are used to close gaps between the CFRP single parts during assembly (shimming) or to smoothen outer surfaces to fulfill aerodynamic requirements (aerodynamic sealing). Curing times of standard resin-based materials vary between eight to twelve hours at room temperature under normal shopfloor conditions regarding air humidity. In running aircraft production such long curing times are definitely waste in the sense of lead time. By heating these resin-based materials the common curing time can drastically be reduced down to two hours. By using heated air - instead of e.g. heating lamps - the curing process can reliably be controlled, without any risk of overheating and destroying the sealant or shim material. Both, the heated air
Gessenharter, Alexander, Van Koppen, Bjorn, Graf Bethusy-Huc, Marc-Philipp
Room Temperature Curing Thermally Conductive Epoxy For Service Up To 400°F116714/1/2013
Master Bond Polymer System EP21TCHT-1 is a two component, thermally conductive, heat resistant epoxy compound formulated to cure at ambient temperatures or more rapidly at elevated temperatures. EP21TCHT-1 passes NASA low outgassing tests and develops a high bonding strength of 1,800 psi at ambient temperatures.
Benefits of LED Cured Adhesives in Medical ApplicationsTBMG-1512911/1/2012
Selecting an adhesive is often a difficult task because it involves give and take between the end-use and manufacturing requirements. When it comes to bonding applications in the medical industry, the challenge is even greater because of strict specifications and safety constraints. A common standard for adhesives in medical devices is biocompatibility. In North America, the most widely accepted test for biocompatibility is United States Pharm acopeia (USP) Class VI. In tended to evaluate the suitability of polymeric materials for direct and indirect patient contact, the USP Class VI regimen consists of a series of in vivo reactivity and toxicity tests. These tests involve injecting and implanting samples of the material under consideration into mice and rabbits, which are then evaluated at fixed time intervals for any ill effects. ISO 10993 is another standard that tests cytotoxicity and is used to determine an adhesive’s compatibility with blood and body fluids according to the
Cutting Tool Technology for Machining Composite Curing Tools2012-01-18759/10/2012
In the present study, a fully controlled experimental protocol is used to investigate the difference in milling Invar and HexTool® for composites curing tools. The main difference is the use of the different strategies: conventional milling is better than climb milling, high feed/low speed better than low feed/high speed, high depth of cut better than low depth of cut, air coolant better than water coolant, diamond coating better than solid carbide, sand finishing better than chip removal, torus tools better than ball nose tools. Therefore, using metal machining strategy on composite curing tools leads to cracking and delaminations in the composite surface which causes the resin flow to infiltrate these cracks during the molding process. Consequently, parts demolding will destroy the surface of the curing tool and make it unusable without repair. The new technology approach will lead to a higher integrity of the composite surface and enhance the life cycle of the curing tool.
Mueller-Hummel, Peter
Silk Microneedles Deliver Controlled-Release Drugs PainlesslyTBMG-146339/1/2012
Bioengineers have developed a new silk-based microneedle system able to deliver precise amounts of drugs over time and without need for refrigeration. The tiny needles can be fabricated under normal temperature and pressure and from water, so they can be loaded with sensitive biochemical compounds and maintain their activity prior to use. They are also biodegradable and biocompatible.
Sensors Enable Precision Mounting of X-Ray OpticsTBMG-141427/1/2012
NASA is developing the next generation of X-ray optics that could be used in an orbiting X-Ray Observatory. The “lens” consists of thousands of mirrors positioned to reflect X-rays at a shallow angle at focal length of 3-10 meters. Locating and fixing the mirrors in position is the primary challenge of the project. Creating focus at the long focal lengths requires a mirror angular position tolerance of only 1 μRadian, and the precisely shaped mirrors, when mounted, must distort less than 0.1 μm from their free, unmounted state. Any such assembly must be able to hold these positions through launch and deployment.
Corrosion Behavior of Mixed-Metal Joint of Magnesium to Mild Steel by Ultrasonic Spot Welding2012-01-04724/16/2012
Development of reliable magnesium (Mg) to steel joining methods is one of the critical issues in boarder applications of Mg in automotive body construction. However, due to the large difference of melting temperatures of Mg and steel, fusion welding between two metals is very challenging. Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) has been demonstrated to join Mg to steel without melting and to achieve strong joints. However, galvanic corrosion between Mg and steel is inevitable but not well quantified. In this study, corrosion test of ultrasonic spot welds between 1.6-mm-thick Mg AZ31B-H24 and 0.8-mm-thick galvanized mild steel was conducted. No specific corrosion protection was applied in order to study the worst corrosion behavior. Corrosion test was conducted with an automotive cyclic corrosion test, which includes cyclic exposures of dipping in the salt bath, air drying, then a constant humidity environment. Lap shear strength of the joints decreased linearly with the cycles. No useable joint
Pan, Tsung-Yu, Santella, Michael
Sealing Materials for Use in Vacuum at High TemperaturesTBMG-130443/1/2012
Sealing materials that can be applied and left in place in vacuum over a wide range of temperatures (especially temperatures of a few thousand degrees Celsius) have been conceived and investigated for potential utility in repairing thermal-protection tiles on the space shuttles in orbit before returning to Earth. These materials are also adaptable to numerous terrestrial applications that involve vacuum processing and/or repair of structures that must withstand high temperatures. These materials can be formulated to have mechanical handling characteristics ranging from almost freely flowing liquid- like consistency through paste-like consistency to stiff putty-like consistency, and to retain these characteristics in vacuum until heated to high curing temperatures.
Advantages of Manufacturing Silicone Drug-Eluting Components via Ultraviolet Light Vulcanization ProcessTBMG-128172/1/2012
Combination products offer several advantages when compared with drug delivery via oral, injection, and infusion methods. All drug-device type combination products exhibit one or more of the following attributes. First, they provide controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) instead of bolus-type delivery; API concentrations can be consistently maintained within an optimal therapeutic range. Second, drug-eluting devices, particularly implanted devices, allow for a targeted delivery of the API. This targeted approach, when contrasted with systemic administration, permits higher therapeutic dosages to be delivered while minimizing adverse side effects. Third, combination products have been shown to improve patient compliance. Most healthcare practitioners now agree that within our aging population, compliance becomes less certain and therefore more important.
Controlling Heat Curing Adhesive Processes Using Infrared Spot CuringTBMG-126631/1/2012
Adhesives are often used as the joining compound between substrates in the medical device industry. Typical applications for adhesives include tube-to-connector bonding, steel-cannula-to-hub bonding, and any other joining process. Adhesives work particularly well in the assembly of dissimilar materials where traditional solvent-welding methods are being eliminated due to workplace safety legislation and where other joining methods such as ultrasonic welding and laser welding are inadequate.
Taking the Heat: Silicone’s Unique Properties Help Create the Next Generation of LED LightingTBMG-1427811/1/2011
As global energy demand rises, the significant energy-saving potential of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting remains a top consideration for lighting manufacturers as well as designers, architects, and consultants looking to offer clients more sustainable options. LED lighting uses one-tenth the power of standard incandescent lighting and lasts 25 times longer — it even has the long-term potential to produce more light, with less cost, than compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs. In fact, LED lighting may soon replace most lighting in homes, offices, public spaces, and in many other applications.
A Study on the Low-Weigt BMC for Headlamp Reflector2011-28-001010/6/2011
Optimal Composition of Light-weight BMC (Bulk molding compound) for automotive headlamp reflector using Glass bubble was investigated. Glass bubble (G/B) normally has low heat conductivity which has a bad influence on cycle time making products like reflectors. It was very important to improve the productivity of Light-weight BMC by means of finding optimal composition of base resin, curing agent and other additives. This study focused on the ideal ratio of each component of BMC, unsaturated polyester resin, glass bubble, inorganic filler, glass fiber and additives. Mechanical and environmental properties of the product which was made of optimized light-weight BMC were evaluated to compare with the properties of the product which was made of existing BMC.
Kim, Yawon, Lee, Junghwan, Kim, Ok, Chun, Yong
Effect of Coating and Drying Process on Electrode Structure and PerformanceTP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2011_106/11/2011
iPAT presentation of "Effect of Coating and Drying Process on Electrode Structure and Performance" for AABC Europe 2011.
Kwade, Arno, Haselrieder, Wolfgang
Mount Protects Thin-Walled Glass or Ceramic Tubes From Large Thermal and Vibration LoadsTBMG-94363/1/2011
The design allows for the low-stress mounting of fragile objects, like thin walled glass, by using particular ways of compensating, isolating, or releasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) differences between the mounted object and the mount itself. This mount profile is lower than true full kinematic mounting. Also, this approach enables accurate positioning of the component for electrical and optical interfaces. It avoids the higher and unpredictable stress issues that often result from “potting” the object. The mount has been built and tested to space-flight specifications, and has been used for fiber-optic, optical, and electrical interfaces for a spaceflight mission.
Process for Making a Noble Metal on Tin Oxide CatalystTBMG-890112/1/2010
To produce a noble metal-on-metal oxide catalyst on an inert, high-surface-area support material (that functions as a catalyst at approximately room temperature using chloride-free reagents), for use in a carbon dioxide laser, requires two steps: First, a commercially available, inert, high-surface area support material (silica spheres) is coated with a thin layer of metal oxide, a monolayer equivalent. Very beneficial results have been obtained using nitric acid as an oxidizing agent because it leaves no residue. It is also helpful if the spheres are first de-aerated by boiling in water to allow the entire surface to be coated. A metal, such as tin, is then dissolved in the oxidizing agent/support material mixture to yield, in the case of tin, metastannic acid. Although tin has proven especially beneficial for use in a closed-cycle CO2 laser, in general any metal with two valence states, such as most transition metals and antimony, may be used. The metastannic acid will be adsorbed
Repeatable, Low-Cost UV Assembly of BiosensorsTBMG-875611/1/2010
A biosensor is an analytical device that converts a biological response into an electrical signal. It is increasingly being used as a cost-effective diagnostic tool that offers the capability to render efficient, easy-to-use, and accurate diagnosis. While technological advances in biosensors are allowing this technology to cater to an extensive range of applications in a number of fields, such as industrial and environmental testing, the largest applications have been in the healthcare sector, including glucose detection, pregnancy testing, blood testing, breath analyzers, and cancer diagnosis.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Physical and Structural Changes in Oil-Seed Flax Fiber2010-01-202410/5/2010
With the growing environmental concerns, biodegradable materials are gaining more importance. Biocomposites which are made from a combination of biological fiber such as flax and hemp together with plastics are finding a good number of applications in day to day life. Flax has good physical and mechanical properties that can be utilized in areas like construction, biomedical & bioproducts and electronics applications. The quality of fiber depends upon various unit operations used in the processing. Drying is one of the most important unit operations which significantly affect the quality of the fiber. The method of drying for removal of moisture from the fiber significantly affects the drying time and quality. In the present study the raw flax fiber was subjected to drying before and after chemical treatment. The physical properties such as; tensile strength, color and structural changes were measured for raw and chemically treated flax fibers. The diameter range was in-between 30-300
Tripathy, Anand C.
Carbon-Nanotube-Based Chemical Gas SensorTBMG-861310/1/2010
Conventional thermal conductivity gauges (e.g. Pirani gauges) lend themselves to applications such as leak detectors, or in gas chromatographs for identifying various gas species. However, these conventional gauges are physically large, operate at high power, and have a slow response time.
Hybrid AlGaN-SiC Avalanche Photodiode for Deep-UV Photon DetectionTBMG-105129/1/2010
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Functionalization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Photo-OxidationTBMG-84899/1/2010
A new technique for carbon nanotube oxidation was developed based upon the photo-oxidation of organic compounds. The resulting method is more benign than conventional oxidation approaches and produces single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with higher levels of oxidation.
Fire Resistance of Geopolymer ConcretesTBMG-82618/1/2010
Geopolymer concrete has been proposed as an alternative to Portland cement concrete in applications requiring high degrees of fire resistance, because the intrinsic chemistry of the geopolymer binder does not require the retention of water or hydration within gel phases to maintain structural integrity of the binder. Portland cement concrete contains a high level of chemically bound water, which is essential to the gel binder structure, and which is lost upon heating to several hundred degrees Celsius, whereas the water present within a geopolymer concrete is overwhelmingly present in pores and is not an essential part of the strength-generating phases. However, predictions of geopolymer concrete fire performance have up to this time been based on small-scale laboratory testing (usually on paste or mortar specimens), rather than the study of large concrete sections, which provides significance to this work.
Biotic-Abiotic Interface Between the Body and an Artificial LimbTBMG-78765/1/2010
Because of its high mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility, titanium is a commonly used material in dental and orthopedic applications. Its excellent biocompatibility allows titanium implants to be directly anchored to bone, or osseo-integrated. The conventional prosthetic replacement in amputees is a stump-socket design, which transfers forces through the prosthetic to an external contact point on the patient. Such a design results in non-uniform distribution of pressure, and can lead to pain, infection, and necrosis of the soft tissues at the point of contact.
Advances in out-of-autoclave10AEMD0303_013/3/2010
As carbon-fiber composites continue to gain weight share on modern aircraft, reducing the need for autoclave cures becomes more important. High-performance carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) parts in aerospace applications have come of age in aerospace. CFRP means better fuel efficiency as well as manufacturing efficiency. For example, half of the weight of the new Boeing 787 is from CFRP composites. The demands of flight require a robust, uniform, strong, and tough material. Composite parts are formed in a number of ways-hand layup, automated tape layers, automatic fiber placement, closed mold methods such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), or pultrusion to name just a few, noted Dr. Bert Erdel, Executive Technology Advisor for Morris Group.
Morey, Bruce
UV LED Spot Curing SystemTBMG-143853/1/2010
EXFO's Life Sciences & Industrial Division, Mississauga, ON, Canada, introduces the OmniCure® LX400 UV LED Spot Curing System. The system is able to control up to four UV LED heads simultaneously with a single connection or independently. UV LED heads are available in three different wavelengths (365nm, 385nm, and 400nm) for greater compatibility with current adhesives. Each head can be set for different exposure times and irradiance levels in 1% increments. The system is ideal for UV spot curing assembly processes used in manufacturing optical communication, lenses, DVDs, and electronic equipment. www.EXFO-OmniCure.com
Vibrating Quartz Sensor Characterizes Liquid SamplesTBMG-65961/1/2010
A novel analytical technology characterizes liquids for healthcare applications. As a drop of liquid evaporates on a vibrating quartz sensor, it undergoes distinctive phase changes representing the unique chemical and physical characteristics of the sample. This unique “fingerprint” represents information that is not readily available from any combination of analytical methods currently in use.
Silica-Filled EPDM Rubbers as Ablative Insulating MaterialsTBMG-69741/1/2010
Silica-filled polymers made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) have been found to be useful as ablative thermal-insulation materials. These polymers have been investigated as candidates to replace some previously developed polymeric ablative rocket-engine insulating materials that will soon become commercially unavailable. Although these materials have been developed specifically for use in and on solid-fuel rocket motors, they may also be useful in terrestrial applications in which there are requirements for protection against high temperatures for short times.
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