Browse Topic: Risk management

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Controlled Production Quantity Release Applicability Determination Method2024-26-035501/16/2024
During product development or design change, the aim is to fully validate all potential issues. On programs with significant complexity, it is difficult or impossible to fully retire all combinations of risk factors even with comprehensive analysis and testing approaches. These complex projects have the highest risk to launching with hidden defects can result in high warranty costs and erosion of customer satisfaction. This paper discusses a conservative approach called Controlled Production Quantity Release (CPQR) to manage the risks of these complex releases or changes by presenting a decision framework executed by a cross-functional team to identify those complex releases that deserve the methodical and monitored approach necessary to manage risk. The purpose of this method is to gain early concurrence with the program team with documented decision criteria rather than relying on individual opinions. This paper focus on structured approach of determining the applicability criterion
Mohammed, Zubair, Freeland, James, Soma, Nagaraju, Quadri, Danishuddin S.F.
Technical Paper
Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving SystemsEPR202302912/12/2023
Automated vehicles, in the form we see today, started off-road. Ideas, technologies, and engineers came from agriculture, aerospace, and other off-road domains. While there are cases when only on-road experience will provide the necessary learning to advance automated driving systems, there is much relevant activity in off-road domains that receives less attention. Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving Systems argues that one way to accelerate on-road ADS development is to look at similar experiences off-road. There are plenty of people who see this connection, but there is no formalized system for exchanging knowledge. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Research Report
Data-Driven Machine Learning Approach for Rattle Risk Mitigation2025-01-012605/05/2023
In the modern automotive industry, squeak and rattle issues are critical factors affecting vehicle perceived quality and customer satisfaction. Traditional approaches to predicting and mitigating these problems heavily rely on physical testing and simulation technologies, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, especially for larger models. In this study, we propose a data-driven machine learning approach to mitigate rattle risks more efficiently. In this study, a floor console model has been evaluated using the traditional simulation-based E-line method to pinpoint high-risk areas. Data generation is performed by varying material properties, thickness, and flexible connection stiffness using the Modified Extensible Lattice Sequence (MELS) sampling algorithm, creating a diverse and comprehensive dataset for generating a machine learning (ML) model. Utilizing the dataset, the top contributing variables were identified for training the ML models. Various machine-learning
Parmar, Azan, Rao, Sohan, Reddy, Hari Krishna
Technical Paper
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Mutagaana, Festo
Pre-Print Article
Risk Management for Cybersecure Networked Medical DevicesTBMG-4646009/01/2022
For developers and manufacturers of networked medical devices, IT security is increasingly becoming a challenge. While the number of cyber threats is growing significantly, companies often lack experience and clear guidelines for medical security. A comprehensive and complete security risk management plan helps to meet existing requirements in the best possible way and helps develop efficient countermeasures.
Magazine Article
Aspects to consider while defining acceptance criteria and validation target2022-01-007203/29/2022
Two major steps involved in SOTIF analysis are defining acceptance criteria and estimating the validation target. While acceptance criteria aids in determining if we have an acceptable residual risk corresponding to a hazardous behavior, the validation target specifies the amount of testing effort (in hours or representative miles) that is needed to ensure that the acceptance criteria are met. The existing approaches for defining acceptance criteria heavily rely on existing fatality databases or naturalistic driving study data sets. The criterion is selected based on average number of fatalities or crashes per mile or per an hour of operation. The validation target is calculated based on these acceptance criteria. However, are these values really reflecting the acceptable risk criteria and targets? According to statistics, for a given data set and a random sample derived from the dataset, only the mean of population of the data set and the sample can considered to be equal. In the case
Madala, Kaushik, Krishnamoorthy, Jayalekshmi, Avalos Gonzalez, Carlos, SHIVKUMAR, Abhishek, Solmaz, Mert
Technical Paper
Demonstrating UVC LED Inside Automobile HVAC Chambers for Clean Cabin Air and Airborne Transmission Risk Reduction2022-01-022303/29/2022
The COVID-19 pandemic affected mobility in many ways- from changing business models of moving passenger to delivering packages and food, developing cleaning protocols for interiors and increasing the awareness of consumers to the hidden dangers of pathogens and viruses in an enclosed space. A trend towards healthy cars is believed to remain after the current pandemic and has led to the emergence of new safety features, from CO2 gas sensors, to antimicrobial fabrics, and enhanced air purifiers. While air purifiers trap contaminants using cartridge filters, they are not particularly efficient at removing viral particles and create large pressure drops, which must be compensated with larger fans, increasing noise and power consumption, both of which are not optimal for vehicle HVAC systems. However, air purifiers act as a pressure head, which limits their utility. UVC was not previously an option because mercury lamps pose their own electrical and chemical hazards. But because of recent
Randive, Rajul, Mariita, Richard, Davis, James, Schwegler, Tim, Franchy, Mike, Kamtekar, Sanjay, Rother, Heiko
Technical Paper
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007 (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007-TEST-REC (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Road Vehicles - Cybersecurity EngineeringISO/SAE21434 (Current)08/31/2021
This document specifies engineering requirements for cybersecurity risk management regarding concept, product development, production, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of electrical and electronic (E/E) systems in road vehicles, including their components and interfaces. A framework is defined that includes requirements for cybersecurity processes and a common language for communicating and managing cybersecurity risk. This document is applicable to series production road vehicle E/E systems, including their components and interfaces, whose development or modification began after the publication of this document. This document does not prescribe specific technology or solutions related to cybersecurity.
Vehicle Cybersecurity Systems Engineering Committee
Technical Standard
Human Engineering - Principles and PracticesHEB1D (Current)04/14/2021
This Engineering Bulletin and its annexes provide guidance on the application of Human Engineering principles and practices to the analysis, design, development, testing, fielding, support, accident investigation, and training for military and commercial products throughout their intended life cycles.
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Information Report
Systems Engineering Capability Model Appraisal MethodEIA731_2A (Current)03/16/2021
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Systems Engineering Capability ModelEIA731_1A (Current)03/16/2021
The purpose of this Standard is to support the development and improvement of systems engineering capability.
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Systems Engineering Capability Model Appraisal MethodEIA731_2A-TEST-REC (Historical)03/16/2021
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Systems Engineering Capability ModelEIA731_1A-TEST-REC (Historical)03/16/2021
The purpose of this Standard is to support the development and improvement of systems engineering capability.
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Processes for Engineering a SystemEIA632A (Current)02/23/2021
The purpose of this Standard is to provide an integrated set of fundamental processes to aid a developer in the engineering or reengineering of a system. Use of this Standard is intended to help developers a) establish and evolve a complete and consistent set of requirements that will enable delivery of feasible and cost-effective system solutions; b) satisfy requirements within cost, schedule, and risk constraints; c) provide a system, or any portion of a system, that satisfies stakeholders over the life of the products that make up the system. NOTE—The term product is used in this standard to mean: a physical item, such as a satellite (end product), or any of its component parts (end products); a software item such as a stand-alone application to run within an existing system (end product); or a document such as a plan, or a service such as test, training, or maintenance support, or equipment such as a simulator (enabling products). d) provide for the safe and/or cost-effective
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Processes for Engineering a SystemEIA632A-TEST-REC (Historical)02/23/2021
The purpose of this Standard is to provide an integrated set of fundamental processes to aid a developer in the engineering or reengineering of a system. Use of this Standard is intended to help developers a) establish and evolve a complete and consistent set of requirements that will enable delivery of feasible and cost-effective system solutions; b) satisfy requirements within cost, schedule, and risk constraints; c) provide a system, or any portion of a system, that satisfies stakeholders over the life of the products that make up the system. NOTE—The term product is used in this standard to mean: a physical item, such as a satellite (end product), or any of its component parts (end products); a software item such as a stand-alone application to run within an existing system (end product); or a document such as a plan, or a service such as test, training, or maintenance support, or equipment such as a simulator (enabling products). d) provide for the safe and/or cost-effective
G-47 Systems Engineering
Information Report
Medical Device Usability Requirements: Changes to IEC 62366TBMG-3832001/01/2021
Human factors (HF) professionals, particularly in the medical device industry, are familiar with the international standard IEC 62366. It covers the “Application of usability engineering to medical devices” and as such specifies usability requirements for the development of medical devices as it relates to safety. The usability engineering process as described in the standard allows the manufacturer to assess and mitigate risks that are associated with correct use and use errors.
Magazine Article
Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace ManufacturingEPR202002411/30/2020
This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many.Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs.It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design
Webb, Philip, Fletcher, Sarah
Research Report
Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Auditor Training, Development, Competence, and AuthenticationAS9104/3A (Current)11/11/2020
This document defines the minimum requirements for auditors, CBs, Auditor Authentication Bodies (AABs), Training Provider Approval Bodies (TPABs), and Training Providers (TPs) who participate in the IAQG Industry Controlled Other Party (ICOP) scheme. The requirements in this standard supplement those defined within the 9104/1, 9104/2, ISO/IEC 17021-1, and ISO/IEC 17021-3 standards. Data protection for the parties subject to this document and other relevant requirements of the ICOP scheme are managed via bi-lateral contracts between the joint controllers of the data.
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Technical Standard
Getting to the ‘Core’ of AV Thermal Management20AVEP11_0511/01/2020
Data-gobbling processors require new cooling solutions - and the AV industry needs standards, says a veteran engineer. The universal understanding of autonomous vehicle safety is one of the most critical keys to broad adoption of self-driving technology. For AVs, what is “safe enough?” This understanding predicates the complement of sensors on the vehicle, which dictates the software and compute requirements, which allows for commoditization of the hardware. It's a domino effect. Quantifying or qualifying what is a “safe” autonomous platform requires industry-wide standards. When they are established, the rest will follow: sensor package requirements, computing requirements, commoditized hardware. Finally there is the real opportunity - the economization of AV manufacturing.
Shaw, Jim
Magazine Article
Manufacturer Reduces Risk and Improves Quality of Military Radar Receivers20AERP10_0610/01/2020
An industry-leading military radar receiver manufacturer needed to deliver radar receivers that met tough new customer specifications. To ensure a quality product, the manufacturer reviewed many aspects of its test strategy, focused on ensuring its radar receivers could meet the new specifications. Radar receiver sensitivity is critical for electronic warfare (EW) applications. A radar receiver that is outside specifications will fail to decipher signals properly from long distances. This is not an option in military applications.
Magazine Article
Tips for Innovating in a Post-Pandemic Market: A Primer on E2E ConversationsTBMG-3784410/01/2020
Heading into 2020, the medical device industry enjoyed promising market conditions. KPMG released a study in 2019 that showed annual sales of medical devices were expected to climb an average of 5 percent annually for the next decade, with 2030 culminating in a $800 billion global market. The U.S. market was the largest component of those escalating revenue figures, with an expected 2030 volume of $180 billion. Much of that growth was expected to be driven by new technologies — surgical robots, 3D printing, telehealth, predictive analytics, and other emerging solutions have all gained the attention of every forward-thinking health system and hospital in the world.
Magazine Article
Medical Device Innovation: Three Keys to Success in the Face of COVID-19TBMG-3785110/01/2020
There are no shortages of innovative ideas that advance medical technology. The challenge is how to bring great ideas to market within today’s regulatory environment, reimbursement structure, and within a reasonable timeline and budget. With the added challenges of dealing with the uncertainties and shelter-in-place requirements in response to COVID-19, it is especially difficult to keep up with the schedules, budgets, and project goals. What separates those organizations that consistently deliver innovation, maintain competitive advantages, and achieve commercial success?
Magazine Article
Standard Practice for Manpower and PersonnelSAE1010 (Current)09/18/2020
This Standard covers Manpower and Personnel (M&P) processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use, and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring can be applied. The scope of this standard includes Prime and Sub-contractor M&P activities; it does not include Government M&P activities. The primary goals of a contractor M&P program typically include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the latest customer manpower estimates (numbers and mix of personnel, plus availability) and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Ensuring that the system design is regularly compared to the latest customer Personnel estimates (capabilities and limitations) and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, and resolving M&P risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans. ○ Raised at
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
SUPPLIER EYE20AUTP09_0609/01/2020
Entering a post-COVID phase may seem easy compared to the required actions and commitments the industry faced just a couple of months ago. Collectively, the ecosystem of OEMs, suppliers, dealers and even consumers adjusted well to an incredibly stressful period. With production restarted we turn to the road ahead. From a strategic perspective, understanding what has changed and what is constant is critical. All players undoubtedly will have to re-examine the situation. Recently, IHS Markit and the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) completed a joint whitepaper focused on the Supplier Strategy Reset. This review is driven by significant shifts in available capital, new forecasts for the vehicle sales trajectory, ongoing legislative and regulatory initiatives, and expected market-condition changes.
Magazine Article
Requirements for a COTS Assembly Management PlanEIA933C (Current)08/03/2020
This document applies to the development of Plans for integrating and managing COTS assemblies in electronic equipment and Systems for the commercial, military, and space markets; as well as other ADHP markets that wish to use this document. For purposes of this document, COTS assemblies are viewed as electronic assemblies such as printed wiring assemblies, relays, disk drives, LCD matrices, VME circuit cards, servers, printers, laptop computers, etc. There are many ways to categorize COTS assemblies1, including the following spectrum: At one end of the spectrum are COTS assemblies whose design, internal parts2, materials, configuration control, traceability, reliability, and qualification methods are at least partially controlled, or influenced, by ADHP customers (either individually or collectively). An example at this end of the spectrum is a VME circuit card assembly. At the other end of the spectrum are COTS assemblies whose design, internal parts, materials, configuration control
APMC Avionics Process Management
Information Report
How Digitalization Reduces Program Risk in Platform DevelopmentTBMG-3745908/01/2020
Electronic and electrical (E/E) design demands of the 21st century will no doubt present a tremendous challenge throughout the aerospace and defense industry. Profitability in all phases of platform development will be challenged. Along with staying profitable, there is a need to innovate. But with innovation comes risk. How do you limit risk to stay profitable?
Magazine Article
Counterfeit Materiel, Assuring Acquisition of Authentic and Conforming FastenersAS6832 (Current)06/09/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide detailed requirements to preclude the use of suspect counterfeit or counterfeit fasteners. The requirements of this document are intended to supplement the requirements of a higher-level quality standard (e.g., AS/EN/JISQ9100, ISO 9001, ANSI/ASQC E4, ASME NQA-1, AS9120, AS9003, and ISO/TS 16949 or equivalent) and other quality management system documents. Fasteners are defined as United States Federal Supply Classification Group codes as shown in the following list: This document applies to metallic and non-metallic components that mechanically attach two or more objects: fasteners, screws, bolts, rivets (blind, solid, tubular), inserts, washers, nuts, latching handles, clamps, pins, nails, retainers, etc. If locking or treatment elements such as glue, adhesives, anti-galling, lubricant, or other materials are part of the fastener specifications, then those items are within the scope of this document. For metallic raw materials used in the
G-21 Counterfeit Materiel Committee
Technical Standard
Counterfeit Materiel, Assuring Acquisition of Authentic and Conforming FastenersAS6832-TEST-REC (Historical)06/09/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide detailed requirements to preclude the use of suspect counterfeit or counterfeit fasteners. The requirements of this document are intended to supplement the requirements of a higher-level quality standard (e.g., AS/EN/JISQ9100, ISO 9001, ANSI/ASQC E4, ASME NQA-1, AS9120, AS9003, and ISO/TS 16949 or equivalent) and other quality management system documents. Fasteners are defined as United States Federal Supply Classification Group codes as shown in the following list: This document applies to metallic and non-metallic components that mechanically attach two or more objects: fasteners, screws, bolts, rivets (blind, solid, tubular), inserts, washers, nuts, latching handles, clamps, pins, nails, retainers, etc. If locking or treatment elements such as glue, adhesives, anti-galling, lubricant, or other materials are part of the fastener specifications, then those items are within the scope of this document. For metallic raw materials used in the
G-21 Counterfeit Materiel Committee
Technical Standard
Unsettled Topics in Automated Vehicle Data Sharing for Verification and Validation PurposesEPR202000706/03/2020
Unsettled Topics in Automated Vehicle Data Sharing for Verification and Validation Purposes discusses the unsettled issue of sharing the terabytes of driving data generated by Automated Vehicles (AVs) on a daily basis. Perception engineers use these large datasets to analyze and model the automated driving systems (ADS) that will eventually be integrated into future “self-driving” vehicles. However, the current industry practices of collecting data by driving on public roads to understand real-world scenarios is not practical and will be unlikely to lead to safe deployment of this technology anytime soon. Estimates show that it could take 400 years for a fleet of 100 AVs to drive enough miles to prove that they are as safe as human drivers.Yet, data-sharing can be developed – as a technology, culture, and business – and allow for rapid generation and testing of the billions of possible scenarios that are needed to prove practicality and safety of an ADS – resulting in lower research
Khalkhali, Mohsen, Khalighi, Yaser
Research Report
SUPPLIER EYE20AUTP06_0706/01/2020
Thus far, 2020 has taught the auto industry several valuable - and in many ways, brutal - lessons. The coronavirus pandemic opened our eyes to the industry's interdependence and underlying fragility. In last month's column, I discussed the impact COVID-19 is having on R&D budgets. A reduction in available future capital adversely impacts OEM and suppliers alike - forcing a focus on only those initiatives that fit into increasingly restrictive budgets. Risk reduction and optimizing revenue now are at the forefront for organizations of all sizes.
Magazine Article
Smart Devices Help Reduce Adverse Outcomes of Common Heart ConditionTBMG-3712706/01/2020
A new study highlights the feasible use of mobile health (mHealth) devices to help with the screening and detection of a common heart condition.1 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heart rhythm condition that causes an irregular and sometimes, abnormally fast heart rate. In AF, the heart’s upper chambers (atria) contract randomly and sometimes so fast that the heart muscle cannot relax properly between contractions. This reduces the heart’s efficiency and performance — but also leads to a higher risk of blood clots.
Magazine Article
Balancing Lifecycle Sustainment Cost with Value of Information during Design Phase2020-01-017604/14/2020
The complete lifecycle of complex systems, such as ground vehicles, consists of multiple phases including design, manufacturing, operation and sustainment (O&S) and finally disposal. For many systems, the majority of the lifecycle costs are incurred during the operation and sustainment phase, specifically in the form of uncertain maintenance costs. Testing and analysis during the design phase, including reliability and supportability analysis, can have a major influence on costs during the O&S phase. However, the cost of the analysis itself must be reconciled with the expected benefits of the reduction in uncertainty. In this paper, we quantify the value of performing the tests and analyses in the design phase by treating it as imperfect information obtained to better estimate uncertain maintenance costs. A multi-attribute decision framework for military ground vehicles acquisition is employed to illustrate the methodology and the value of performing the analysis early in the system’s
Kassoumeh, Sam, Majcher, Monica, Ealy, James, Gorsich, David, Jayakumar, Paramsothy, Pandey, Vijitashwa
Journal Article
Your MDR Strategy: Start with a Gap AnalysisTBMG-3640704/01/2020
The 566-page Medical Device Regulation (MDR), which replaces the EU’s Medical Device Directive (93/42/EEC) and the Directive on Active Implantable Medical Devices (90/385/EEC), has caused much discussion, training, debate, and stress in the medical device industry since its publication in May 2017. To say nothing of the changes in device regulation, the aggressive three-year implementation goal of May 26, 2020 has the industry as a whole — manufacturers, laboratories, and regulators — strategizing diligently as we step into 2020. This article briefly examines the current state of the MDR, including deadline extensions announced in the second corrigenda, a strategy to address material information, and what should be included in a gap analysis.
Magazine Article
Item Level Serialization and Traceability of Aerospace Fasteners Based on Individual Inherent Surface Patterns2020-01-001203/10/2020
Item level serialization traceability, defined as the ability to track and trace products, items or components through the supply chain from product manufacturing all the way to the end of life service, has significant value in the aerospace industry. Many items become susceptible to counterfeiting when their origin and authenticity cannot be verified and Item level serialization and traceability fosters supply chain integrity. Data Matrix and radio-frequency identification (RFID) are two common methods that enable detailed information about the manufacturer. However, these methods are not generally compatible with fasteners due to the small size of the fasteners and the cost of these methods. Fasteners are the most commonly used parts on an aircraft and rely on lot level traceability associated with packaging to provide a level of supply chain risk management. However, the association of individual fasteners to parental lots is often lost once the fasteners are removed from packaging
Haylock, Luke Leonard, Schmid-Schirling, Tobias, Saum lng, Norbert, Carl, Daniel, Harde, Jens, Rösing, Jürgen, Murray, Nils, Timpe, Torsten
Technical Paper
Road Vehicles - Cybersecurity EngineeringISO/SAE DIS 21434 (Historical)02/12/2020
This document is an unapproved DRAFT of a proposed SAE International Standard. Consequently, this document is subject to change and cannot be utilized for any conformance or compliance purposes. This document specifies requirements for cybersecurity risk management regarding engineering for concept, development, production, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning for road vehicle electrical and electronic (E/E) systems, including their components and interfaces. A framework is defined that includes requirements for cybersecurity processes and a common language for communicating and managing cybersecurity risk. This document is applicable to series production road vehicle E/E systems, including their components and interfaces whose development or modification began after the publication of the document. This document does not prescribe specific technology or solutions related to cybersecurity.
Vehicle Cybersecurity Systems Engineering Committee
Technical Standard
Measurement Uncertainty and Consumer RiskAIR6553-TEST-REC (Historical)02/03/2020
This document addresses measurement uncertainty and consumer risk as they relate to AS8879 thread inspection. It describes the rationale, theory and methodology used to generate the technical content of the AS5870. The document describes how to calculate measurement consumer risk. It documents all of the calculation methods which industry employs today to calculate what is commonly called measurement uncertainty (Appendices A, B, C, D, E and F). These, in turn, are used to calculate measurement uncertainty ratios which are required inputs to calculate measurement consumer risk. Users of this document can apply the information described herein for the evaluation of the capability of their measurements based on the measurement consumer risk. It involves the analysis of the measurement (product) distribution and biases of both the product and measurement system distributions. It protects the consumer from the worst case distribution results.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Information Report
Measurement Uncertainty and Consumer RiskAIR6553 (Current)02/03/2020
This document addresses measurement uncertainty and consumer risk as they relate to AS8879 thread inspection. It describes the rationale, theory and methodology used to generate the technical content of the AS5870. The document describes how to calculate measurement consumer risk. It documents all of the calculation methods which industry employs today to calculate what is commonly called measurement uncertainty (Appendices A, B, C, D, E and F). These, in turn, are used to calculate measurement uncertainty ratios which are required inputs to calculate measurement consumer risk. Users of this document can apply the information described herein for the evaluation of the capability of their measurements based on the measurement consumer risk. It involves the analysis of the measurement (product) distribution and biases of both the product and measurement system distributions. It protects the consumer from the worst case distribution results.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Information Report
Basic technical requirements for ballistic safety to guarantee the quality of civilian automotive armoring services in Brazil2019-36-032901/13/2020
Brazil is the largest civilian armored vehicle market in the world with more than 16,000 new protected units produced in 2018, followed by Mexico with 7,000 automobiles, according to Brazilian Army (BA) data. In this context, this paper presents an overview of Brazilian market for civilian vehicle armoring, definitions and characteristics of transparent and opaque ballistic resistance protective materials according to U. S. Department of Justice, the National Institute of Justice, NIJ Standard 0108.01. Based on this premises, the paper addresses basic technical requirements for ballistic safety in design and process to guarantee minimum quality of armoring services. The purpose of this paper is to safeguard the original features and functionality of the automotive components while simultaneously providing recommended ballistic protection of the vehicle with quality. The adoption of minimum automotive quality management system requirements from IATF 16949 International Automotive Task
Candido, Guido Muzio, Kaminski, Paulo Carlos
Technical Paper
AS5553C, Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition Verification CriteriaAS6462C (Current)11/14/2019
This document is intended for use during audits to the requirements of AS5553C. It may be used by all contracting organizations that procure EEE parts, whether such parts are procured directly or integrated into electronic assemblies or equipment as guidance for evaluating compliance to AS5553C.
G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Technical Standard
Reducing Risk with Geometric Transition ExtrusionTBMG-3549811/01/2019
In an effort to design smaller, more intricate and complicated medical devices without running afoul of increasingly stringent national and international regulations, many designers are looking to geometric transition extrusions manufactured of high consistency rubber (HCR) silicone. This process reduces total cost of ownership for the original equipment manufacturer while improving part quality and greatly enhancing the types of devices being sought by healthcare providers.
Magazine Article
A Study on the Development of an Effective Framework for Implementation and Sustenance of an Obsolescence Material Management System in an Aerospace Supplier Manufacturing Industry Environment2019-28-014510/11/2019
Obsolescence Material management plays an important and vital role in today’s modern Aerospace manufacturing, Aerospace Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul industry as well as Aerospace Distributors. Aerospace vehicles have a considerable longer product life-cycle when compared to any other consumer goods like automobile and electronics industry. With the advent of new, disruptive technologies, many sources and supplies of materials including COTS and Standard catalogue parts, components and goods, which are widely used in an Aerospace manufacturing environment, are diminishing at a considerable rate and thus result in their obsolescence before the end disposal of the product life cycle. It is one of the leading causes to the sale of counterfeit and fraudulent parts and components, which can result in considerable deterioration of Quality and Cost to Customer. This technical paper emphasizes on the need for implementation of an effective Obsolescence management framework which an
Rajamani, Mani Rathinam, Punna, Eshwaraiah
Technical Paper
A Framework for Effective Implementation of Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis with Control Plans to Mitigate Process, Discrete Manufacturing and Service Industries, Using Aerospace Standard Best Practices2019-28-014910/11/2019
In Today’s World, Every Manufacturing and Service Industry aims in providing the Highest Quality of Products and Service at the lowest Competitive Cost and timely delivery to its Customers. The Discrete Aerospace Manufacturing and Assembly industry is taking initiatives to implement the Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) tool for its critical Aerospace Manufacturing and Assembly suppliers, by implementing Aerospace Standards, in an effort to create a synergy between the End user customers, Original Equipment manufacturers and the suppliers, for ensuring increased safety, quality, reliability for the Aircraft parts and components produced by them. The main aim is to use this concept as a Process Risk Management tool for Identification, Assessment, Mitigation, Control and Prevention of risks associated with Designs and Manufacturing. This method is quite different from conventional FMEA methodology as it focuses on an integrated approach of linking the process flow
Rajamani, Mani Rathinam, Punna, Eshwaraiah
Technical Paper
The Road to the Top is Not on the Map: Conversations with Top Women of the Automotive IndustryR-49109/04/2019
Carla Bailo, CEO of the Center for Automotive Research, and Terry Barclay, CEO of Inforum, bring together over 30 of the most influential women in the automotive industry to share their insight and advice. From suppliers to OEMs, they hail from every corner of the industry. Readers will learn how to take charge of their own careers by understanding the experiences these professionals. Topics include: • Work-Life Integration - How can you be whole at home, at work, and in the community? • Education and Lifelong Learning - Do you really need a graduate degree? • Mentor and Sponsor Relationships - How do you find mentors and sponsors and form productive relationships with them? • Career Challenges - How do you evaluate when to take career risks? How do you say yes when all the boxes aren't checked? • Resilience - Where do you find the internal fortitude to keep going? • Personal Satisfaction - What do these leaders find most joyful about their careers? The Road to the Top is Not on the
Bailo, Carla, Barclay, Terry
Reference
Safety Assessment of General Aviation Airplanes and Rotorcraft in Commercial ServiceARP5151A (Current)08/20/2019
This document describes a process that may be used to perform the ongoing safety assessment for (1) GAR aircraft and components (hereafter, aircraft), and (2) commercial operators of GAR aircraft. The process described herein is intended to support an overall safety management program. It is to help a company establish and meet its own internal standards. The process described herein identifies a systematic means, but not the only means, to assess continuing airworthiness. Ongoing safety management is an activity dedicated to assuring that risk is identified and properly eliminated or controlled. The safety management process includes both safety assessment and economic decision-making. While economic decision-making (factors related to scheduling, parts, and cost) is an integral part of the safety management process, this document addresses only the ongoing safety assessment process. This ongoing safety assessment process includes safety problem identification and corrective action
S-18C ARP5150A and ARP5151A Working Group
Recommended Practice
Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms Counterfeit Materiel or Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical PartsAIR6273 (Current)07/30/2019
The SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides standardized terms, definitions, and acronyms that may be used in the G-19 and G-21 documents, unless otherwise specified in those documents. The SAE International series of documents that address the mitigation of suspect and counterfeit parts will reference this document in their respective Applicable Documents sections. This AIR is for use by organizations that procure and/or use materiel or EEE parts. The terms and definitions of this AIR are intended to be used in conjunction with other G-19 and G-21 standards.
G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Information Report
Aero-Engine Inlet Vane Structure Optimization for Anti-Icing with Hot Air Film Using Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm2019-01-202106/10/2019
An improved anti-icing design with film heating ejection slot and cover for the inlet part of aero-engine was brought out, which combines the interior jet impingement with the exterior hot air film heating and shows promising application for those parts manufactured with composite materials. A hybrid method based on the combination of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to optimize the anti-icing design for a typical aero-engine inlet vane in two dimensions. The optimization aims to maximize the heating performance of the hot air film, which is assessed by the heating effectiveness. The film-heating ejection angle and the cover opening angle are the two geometric variables to be optimized. Numerical model was established and validated to generate training and testing samples for BPNN, which was used to predict the objective function and find the optimal design variables in conjunction with the GA. The optimal values of the film-heating
Liu, Jie, Ke, Peng
Technical Paper
Strategies for Low-Risk Sourcing of Components in a Constrained MarketTBMG-3456206/01/2019
The medical device industry often looks to independent distributors to address chronic shortages in the availability of electronic components. Direct sourcing of electronic components for the medical device industry used to be pretty simple. An OEM would order direct from the manufacturer or through authorized distributors to obtain any required components. There was usually no need to look any further.
Magazine Article
U.S. Army Aeromedical Research LaboratoryTBMG-3463606/01/2019
In October 1962, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Unit was established with a goal of providing specialized medical and physiological support to help close the gap between Army combat aviation needs and human capabilities, and to protect aviators from altitude, climate, noise, acceleration, impact, and other stressors in a growing hostile environment. In 1969, the Army re-designated the unit as the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL).
Magazine Article
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