Browse Topic: Research and development

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A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings CommitteeNEW
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Smarter Automotive Testing with AI and Simulation1352207/03/2025
The new test track isn't asphalt--it's AI and simulation. From hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) to real-time performance analytics, new innovations are reshaping how vehicles are designed, validated, and brought to market. At the forefront of this transformation is A&D Technology, a leader in integrated test automation and lab management solutions for the transportation and energy markets. By integrating AI-driven analytics with high-fidelity simulation environments, the company is empowering automotive engineers to streamline testing workflows, reduce physical prototypes, and accelerate innovation in everything from EV powertrains to autonomous systems. To learn more, we sat down with Mike Uhl, President & CEO, to discuss how A&D Technology's work in simulation and test automation is helping engineers bring the next generation of mobility technologies to life. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Digital Engineering for Defense and Beyond1352007/01/2025
If you were to build the perfect use case for the potential of digital engineering, you would be hard-pressed to choose a better sector than the defense industry. That's why the Pentagon isn't just intrigued by digital engineering-it's made it mandatory. As the U.S. military targets groundbreaking technology improvements that safeguard lives and improve defense capabilities, Ansys is helping connect the dots between people, processes, and technology with the predictive power of simulation. Establishing a digital engineering ecosystem, including digital twins, contributes to the resilience and adaptability of innovations across industries. To learn more, we sat down with Dr. Armond E. Sinclair, Sr. Technical Account Executive for Ansys Government Initiatives, to discuss how digital engineering is enabling smarter decision-making, reducing costs, and accelerating innovation at the Department of Defense (DoD) and beyond. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Women Breaking Barriers in Aerospace & Beyond1352107/01/2025
Despite decades of progress, the number of women in engineering remains stubbornly low -- especially in aerospace and mechanical engineering. But that isn't stopping the winner of the Aerospace/Defense category in the inaugural Women in Engineering: Rising Star Awards. Heather Cummings is Senior Engineer, Flight Controls & Autonomy for Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company. She leads the development of hybrid electric propulsion controls and vehicle management systems for Sikorsky's next-gen HEX and RBW, including groundbreaking work on fully autonomous cargo aircraft. A licensed pilot, Heather is passionate about improving flight safety through automation and mentoring the next generation of aspiring engineers. In this special episode, Heather and Chitra Sethi, Director of Editorial & Digital Content, SAE Media Group, discuss the mission behind the Rising Star Awards, the importance of visibility for women in STEM, and why inspiring the next generation is just as critical as
Hineman, Marcie
Statistical Analysis of Data Acquired from Propagating Flames in Gasoline Engines Using a Multiple Ion Probe2024-32-003504/18/2025
Multiple-ion-probe method consists of multiple ion probes placed on the combustion chamber wall, where each individual ion probe detects flame contact and records the time of contact. From the recorded data, it is also possible to indirectly visualize the inside of the combustion chamber, for example, as a motion animation of moving flame front. In this study, a thirty-two ion probes were used to record flames propagating in a two-stroke gasoline engine. The experiment recorded the combustion state in the engine for about 3 seconds under full load at about 6500 rpm, and about 300 cycles were recorded in one experiment. Twelve experiments were conducted under the same experimental conditions, and a total of 4,164 cycles of signal data were obtained in the twelve experiments. Two types of analysis were performed on this data: statistical analysis and machine learning analysis using a linear regression model. Statistical analysis calculated the average flame detection time and standard
Yatsufusa, Tomoaki, Okahira, Takehiro, Nagashige, Kohei
Study on Motorcycle Rider Model Using Reinforcement Learning - Learning Examples Including Following Target Velocity and Basic Research on Rider Proficiency2024-32-002804/18/2025
In this study, an initial approach using deep reinforcement learning to replicate the complex behaviors of motorcycle riders was presented. Three learning examples were demonstrated: following a target velocity, maintaining stability at low speeds, and following a target trajectory. These examples serve as a starting point for further research. Additionally, the proficiency of the constructed models was examined using rider proficiency evaluation methods developed in previous studies. Initial results indicated that the models have the potential to mimic real rider behaviors; however, challenges such as differences between the model’s output and what humans can produce were also identified for future work.
Mitsuhashi, Yasuhiro, Momiyama, Yoshitaka, Yabe, Noboru
Research on Intake Sound Tuning Method by Valve Timing Modification for Enhance Sound Quality in V6 Outboard Engine2024-32-005904/18/2025
This paper explores methods to enhance the sound quality of V6 outboard engines. Previous research in the boat and outboard engine domain has underscored the importance of enhancing sound quality. Specific preferences and desired directions for outboard engine sound quality have been identified. It’s been suggested that controlling intake sound and gear noise is important to achieving desired sound quality according to customer preferences. However, there are few examples of methods for achieving this. This study aims to develop methods for enhancing sound quality by emphasizing low-frequency sounds through intake sound. Initially, various methods were evaluated, and intake valve timing modification was chosen. Simple simulations confirmed that delaying valve timing for some cylinders may introduce characteristics that are not present in conventional cases. Subsequent 1D simulations identified optimal intake valve timing, balancing intake pressure characteristics and horsepower
Muramatsu, Hideta, Matsumoto, Taro, Naoe, Gaku, Kondo, Takashi
Impacts of Pulsating Flow on Topologically Optimized Porous Reactors in Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Systems2024-32-007004/18/2025
Topology optimization (TO) in electrochemical systems has recently attracted many researchers. Previous studies suggested minimal performance differences between 2D and 3D designs, indicating that 2D models suffice to enhance performance, especially in unidirectional flow scenarios. A later study found that the concentration distribution in an optimized 2D flow system differed from that in a unidirectional flow system. We posited that pulsating flow could further enhance the performance of such systems. First, we initiated TO for a diffusion-reaction system in a steady state. The optimized structure obtained from this process served as the foundation for subsequent investigations involving a pulsating flow source in convection-diffusion-reaction systems. We introduced two different systems with distinct flow natures: one characterized by a flow nature of 1D and the other by a flow nature of 2D. The results demonstrated that the optimized structure with a heterogeneous distribution
Long, Mengly, Alizadeh, Mehrzad, Sun, Pengfei, Charoen-amornkitt, Patcharawat, Suzuki, Takahiro, Tsushima, Shohji
Impact of Ordinal Proximity of Frequency Components on the Auditory Perception of Engine Knocking2024-32-003204/18/2025
This study examines the acoustic properties of engine-knocking sounds in gasoline engines, arising from misfires during spark ignition that negatively affect driving performance. The aim was to understand the frequency characteristics of acceleration sounds and their connection to the proximity of the order components. The study also explores “booming,” where two different frequencies of sounds occur simultaneously, potentially linked to the unpleasant nature of engine knocking. Using a sinusoidal model, we generated engine acceleration sound models with 5th-, 10th-, and 15th-order components, including engine knocking. Two types of sound stimuli were created: one with the original amplitude (OA) and one with a constant amplitude (CA) for each component order, emphasizing the order-component proximity in CA sounds. Aural experiments with 10 participants in an anechoic room using headphones and the MUSHRA method revealed an inverse relationship between OA and CA ratings as the component
Suzuki, Ryuhei, Ishimitsu, Shunsuke, Nitta, Misaki, Sakakibara, Mika, Hakozaki, Tomoyuki, Fujikawa, Satoshi, Iwata, Kiyoaki, Matsumoto, Mitsunori, Kikuchi, Masakazu
Characterization and Aluminum Recovery from Chemical Milling Sludge in Aerospace Industry2025-01-501603/21/2025
The chemical milling process used in the aerospace industry generates substantial metallic residue in the etching bath, referred to as chemical milling sludge (CMS). The direct disposal of CMS into the environment leads to ecological deterioration and economic losses. This study focused on the recovery of aluminum from the aerospace industry CMS, aiming to mitigate environmental harm and enhance resource efficiency. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the aluminum content in extracted CMS increased significantly to 95.86%, compared to 28.98% in non-extracted sludge. The XRD analysis of the CMS extracted samples also revealed the presence of increased Al2O3. The surface morphology study suggested the irregularly shaped particles with large chunks, and fine granules were observed on CMS. The yield of Al2O3 was observed to be 35.9% (wt) prior to the calcination process followed by 12.1% (wt) after calcination. The phytotoxicity study indicated that the CMS inhibited
Prasad, Jag, Sonwani, Ravi Kumar
Background Filtering and Target Detection for Traffic Objects with Roadside LiDAR Point Cloud Data2025-01-719303/19/2025
Roadside perception technology is an essential component of traffic perception technology, primarily relying on various high-performance sensors. Among these, LiDAR stands out as one of the most effective sensors due to its high precision and wide detection range, offering extensive application prospects. This study proposes a voxel density-nearest neighbor background filtering method for roadside LiDAR point cloud data. Firstly, based on the relatively fixed nature of roadside background point clouds, a point cloud filtering method combining voxel density and nearest neighbor is proposed. This method involves voxelizing the point cloud data and using voxel grid density to filter background point clouds, then the results are processed through a neighbor point frame sequence to calculate the average distance of the specified points and compare with a distance threshold to complete accurate background filtering. Secondly, a VGG16-Pointpillars model is proposed, incorporating a CNN
Liu, Zhiyuan, Rui, Yikang
The Logistic Lasso and Ridge Regression Algorithm-Based Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Model2025-01-716803/19/2025
Airline passenger satisfaction is important for airline operation service quality management. When airline companies carry out advertisement campaigns or plan a marketing strategy, the resources and budgets are not unlimited. Thus, an airline can only focus on improving a few factors that drive passenger satisfaction. To understand the key satisfies for the young and the old adults, respectively, we leverage five airline passenger satisfaction methods to identify the key factors that explain the airline service satisfaction of different passengers. In particular, we investigate and compare the ridge and the Lasso regularization in terms of the resulting model’s sparsity and computational efficiency. The top three important factors that influence the old’s satisfaction are departure and arrival time convenience, legroom service, and baggage handling. Our findings indicate that the young people place a higher value on entertainment, while the old adults place a higher value on usefulness
Ma, Jie, Hu, Song, Wang, Haipeng
Analysis of Left-Turn Mixed Traffic Flow Dynamics at Y-Shaped Signalized Intersections Using Cellular Automata2025-01-720402/21/2025
Through the method of on-site video observation, this study divides the intersection area into three parts according to the road traffic characteristics of the Y-shaped signalized intersections, and at the same time obtains the relevant parameters. These parameters include the left-turn speed and traffic density of motor vehicles within both the internal and exit areas, the frequency of lane-changing and queuing behaviors of non-motorized vehicles in the internal area, and the left-turn speed and traffic density of non-motorized vehicles in both the internal and exit areas. The data extraction and analysis of the parameters provide strong data support for further analysis of the subsequent mixed traffic flow. A cellular automaton model is developed using the intersection’s exit area as the scenario. The exit area is divided into three lanes based on the queuing patterns of mixed traffic. Corresponding traffic rules are established according to the traffic density of motorized and non
Yuan, Li, Liu, Xiaowei
Intelligent Courier Delivery Scheduling Based on XGBoost Feature Selection and Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study Using Chongqing Cainiao Express Data2025-01-717602/21/2025
This study tackles the issue of order delays in logistics using XGBoost for feature analysis and reinforcement learning for intelligent courier scheduling. Pickup order data from May 1 to October 31, 2023, in Chongqing is analyzed using spatio-temporal statistical methods. Key findings include that order placement peaks at 9:00 a.m., delays peak at 10:00 a.m., and the delay rate is 8.6%. A significant imbalance exists between the regional daily average of dispatchable couriers and order volumes.XGBoost is employed to predict order delays, revealing that pickup location is the most influential factor (27%), followed by courier pickup location (22%). These factors and their relationships are identified as key drivers of delays.To address these issues, a reinforcement learning-based courier scheduling optimization model is developed. The model defines courier location, current time, and pending orders as state variables and adopts an epsilon-greedy strategy for action selection
Wang, Manjun, Yu, Xinlian
Army Completes Satellite as a Managed Service Research ProjectTBMG-5213312/01/2024
Intelsat McLean, VA melissa.longo@intelsat.com
Biohybrid Robotic Hand Research PlatformTBMG-5215912/01/2024
Brain-machine interfaces enable direct communication between a brain’s electrical activity and an external device such as a computer or a robotic limb that allows people to control machines using their thoughts. Researchers have developed a novel biohybrid neuroprosthetic research platform comprised of a dexterous artificial hand electrically interfaced with biological neural networks.
Factors and Requirements for Adhesive Selection in Medical Devices, Part 1TBMG-5214912/01/2024
The global medical device market is projected to reach a value of $656 billion USD by 2032 with a CAGR of 3 percent over the coming decade.1 The preceding decades of globalization and increased prosperity has provided advancement in both medical technology and access to advanced medical care for a greater proportion of the world’s population. Further, an aging population in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia will increase the need for healthcare-related services and medical devices in the coming decades. At present, the North America market continues to dominate the industry, accounting for approximately 43 percent of the market’s revenue share; however, markets in the Asia-Pacific region have the highest expected growth rates in the coming decades.1 Growth and innovation in the medical device market will be critical in the years to come.
Bio-Ink for 3D PrintingTBMG-5218912/01/2024
Biomedical engineers have developed a “bio-ink” for 3D-printed materials that could serve as scaffolds for growing human tissues to repair or replace damaged ones in the body. Bioengineered tissues show promise in regenerative, precision, and personalized medicine; product development; and basic research, especially with the advent of 3D printing of biomaterials that could serve as scaffolds or temporary structures to grow tissues.
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLE (AGV) WITH WIRELESS NAVIGATION2024-01-343611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka C, Radovnikovich, Micho, Fleck, Paul, Hallenbeck, Kevin, Grzebyk, Steve, Vanneste, Jerry, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Garner, Robert
RESEARCH OF THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION INTO ARMOR ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SPINTRONIC MICROWAVE DETECTORS2024-01-333411/15/2024
ABSTRACT The authors studied the effects of different types of armor on the performance of spin-torque microwave detectors (STMD). Working prototypes of novel nano-sized spintronic sensors of microwave radiation for battlefield anti-radar and wireless communications applications are being integrated into Sensor Enhanced Armor (SEA) and Multifunctional Armor (MFA) and tested in SEA-NDE Lab at TARDEC. The preliminary theoretical estimations have shown that STMD based on the spin-torque effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), when placed in the external electromagnetic field of a microwave frequency, can work as diode detectors with the maximum theoretical sensitivity of 1000 V/W. These STNO detectors could be scaled to sub-micron size, are frequency-selective and tunable, and are tolerant to ionizing radiation. We studied the performance of a STMD in two different dynamical regimes of detector operation: in well-known traditional in-plane regime of STMD operation and in recently
Bankowski, Elena, Meitzler, Thomas, Pesys, Tomas
The Mission-Based Scenario: Rationale and Concepts to Enhance S&T Research Design2024-01-319511/15/2024
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a new approach to developing advanced simulation environments for use in performing human-subject experiments. We call this approach the mission-based scenario. The mission-based scenario aims to: 1) Situate experiments within a realistic mission context; 2) Incorporate tasks, task loadings, and environmental interactions that are consistent with the mission’s operational context; and 3) Permit multiple sequences of actions/tasks to complete mission objectives. This approach will move us beyond more traditional, tightly-scripted experimental scenarios, and will employ concepts from interactive narrative as well as nonlinear game play approaches to video game design to enhance the richness and realism of Soldier-task-environment interactions. In this paper, we will detail the rationale for adopting such an approach and present a discussion of significant concepts that have guided a proof-of-concept test program of the mission-based scenario, which we
Lance, Brent, Vettel, Jean, Paul, Victor, Oie, Kelvin S.
400Hz High Speed Static Transfer Switch2008-01-287711/11/2024
The objective of this project was to replace electromechanical power line contactors with a Static Transfer Switch (STS) to improve the transfer of electrical power between aircraft generators and decrease required maintenance. The switch requirements include high reliability, lightweight, and high speed (less than 15mS) power transfer. An STS can shorten the bus transfer time to less than the “ride-through” of aircraft electronic loads and therefore have the ability to control and transfer electrical power while maintaining critical mission requirements. The content of this paper and presentation will discuss the initial problem, the research and development approach, design, and initial testing of the STS.
Cooper, Ronald C., Cooper, Evan C.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: How "Talking" Cyber Tires Make Driving Safer1347909/23/2024
What if your tires could talk? And your car would listen? Pirelli's new Cyber Tyres use Bluetooth-connected sensors to communicate directly with the car, using data to make adjustments in real time. This information - including temperature and pressure - is vital when it comes to increasing safety. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Pierangelo Misani, Global Head of R&D for Pirelli, to discuss how this game-changing technology and the company's partnership with Bosch is shifting connected tire technology from reactive to proactive. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out our interview with the Polestar CEO about the future of charging.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Why AC Charging Deserves More Attention1347809/16/2024
When it comes to EV charging infrastructure, much of the focus centers on DC fast charging. However, AC charging may be just as important to EV adoption due to its lower cost and simplicity. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Sam Abuelsamid, Principal Research Analyst at Guidehouse Insights, to discuss why AC charging deserves more attention on the journey toward mass EV adoption. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn how Polestar is bringing EV production to the United States.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: What is the Future of the Car?1347508/27/2024
From autonomy to software to customization, the future of the car is multifaceted. As one of the world's largest suppliers in the automotive space, Magna International uniquely understands this. The company's capabilities span the entire vehicle -- from design to manufacturing to technology -- thus optimizing vehicle performance and shaping the future of the car. To learn more, we sat down with we sat down with Joerg Grotendorst, Senior Vice President, Corporate R&D, Magna, to discuss advancements in electrification and autonomy, innovative design features, and sustainable technologies -- and why a holistic approach to mobility is necessary.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Making the Most of the Curb1347308/12/2024
While the curb is an often overlooked piece of infrastructure, it is vital to the mobility ecosystem with impacts to parking, delivery, rideshare, and much more. Better curb management is a path towards improving accessibility, optimizing digital infrastructure, scaling autonomy, and opening up municipal revenue streams. To learn more, we sat down with SAE Authors Kelley Coyner, Principal, Innovation4Mobility, and Jason Bittner, Associate Division Manager and Principal, Applied Research Associates, to discuss the importance of improving the efficiency and operations of the curb -- and why it's the unsung hero of mobility.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Cost of EV Conversion for Commercial Fleets1346206/21/2024
When it comes to incorporating EVs into commercial diesel fleets, it is important to understand the costs and benefits--and the impact on maintenance. As one of the longest-running and largest fleet owners in North America, Ryder implements logistics and transportation solutions for a wide variety of industries. By using extensive historical data and current market prices for EVs and charging infrastructure, Ryder recently examined the potential economic impacts of implementing an all-EV commercial fleet in the United States. To learn more about Ryder's analysis, we sat down with Arun Chickmenahalli, Director of Maintenance R&D at Ryder, to discuss how electrification impacts fleet maintenance, the price differences for EV conversion between states, and the ways in which Ryder is developing maintenance programs to service EV, AV and alternative fuel clients.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Driven by Speed, Fueled by Engineering1345605/24/2024
Who's better to design a sports car than the person who races it? Meet Kevin Boehm of Boehm Motorsports, a championship-winning professional racer and accomplished OEM principal engineer. Driven by speed and fueled by innovation, Kevin's ability to uncover automotive potential and translate it into on-track victories has made him a true standout both on and off the racetrack. As a principal engineer and test driver at Honda Research and Development, Inc., Kevin supports research design and product development for a wide array of Honda production vehicles. For insight on his professional journey, we sat down with Kevin to discuss his approach to racing, engineering, and coaching--and how Formula SAE played an instrumental role in his ascent into the world of motorsports. To learn more about how Formula SAE challenges students to conceive, design, fabricate, and compete with formula-style racing cars, visit fsaeonline.com.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Setting the Standard in Autonomous Middle Mile Delivery1345505/20/2024
Autonomous box trucks that can move goods on short-haul B2B routes? It's possible -- and North America's largest grocers, retailers, distributors, and e-commerce platforms are unlocking the benefits. As the leader in autonomous middle mile delivery, Gatik is improving supply chain efficiency with their fleet of medium duty, class 3-7 autonomous box trucks. By moving goods safely and efficiently between distribution centers, fulfillment centers, stores and warehouses, Gatik is optimizing regional distribution networks for major customers like Walmart, Kroger, Loblaw, Tyson Foods, and Pitney Bowes. With operations across multiple markets including Texas, Arkansas and Ontario, Gatik has more than 60 trucks on the road today and operates the largest revenue-generating commercial fleet of autonomous trucks on the continent. To learn more, we sat down with Dr. Adam Campbell, Senior Manager, Safety Innovation and Impact, to discuss the company's safety-first approach to the development and
Hineman, Marcie
Schey’s Tribology in Metalworking: Friction, Lubrication, and WearB-ASM-05702/28/2024
Schey’s Tribology in Metalworking—Friction, Lubrication, and Wear is an update to the seminal text Tribology in Metalworking by John Schey, originally published by ASM International in 1983. The 1983 first edition served as a recognized essential resource for researchers in the fields of manufacturing tribology and metal forming for many decades. This 2023 update preserves the essential information in that first edition but provides a thorough update, including a description of the significant advances in tribological research and detailed information for every metal forming process.
Designing an Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Control Model for an Air-to-Ground Collaborative System01-17-02-001402/19/2024
Abstract In autonomous technology, uncrewed aircraft systems have already become the preferred platform for the research and development of flight control systems. Although they are subjected to following and satisfying complicated scenarios of control stations, this high dependency on a specific control framework limits them in their application process and reduces the flight self-organizing network. In this article, we present a developed multilayer control system protocol with the additional supportive manned aircraft layer (Tender). The novelty of the introduced model is that uncrewed aircraft systems are monitored and navigated by the tender, and then based on the suggested scheme, data flows are controlled and transferred across the network by the developed cloud–robotics approach in the ground station layer. Therefore, it has been tried to design a semi-autonomous control network to gather data that combines human observation and the automotive nature of uncrewed aircraft
Millar, Richard C., Laliberté, Jeremy, Mahmoodi, Armin, Hashemi, Leila, Meyer, Robert Walter
The Scope of Autonomous Vehicle Mobility with an Indian Context2024-26-008701/16/2024
The advent of autonomous vehicles promises to revolutionize the transportation sector globally, and India, as one of the world's fastest-growing economies, stands at the forefront of this transformative technology. This abstract presents a brief overview of the current state and potential implications of autonomous vehicles in the Indian context. With its densely populated cities, diverse traffic conditions, and complex road infrastructure, India presents unique challenges and opportunities for the deployment of autonomous vehicles. This technology has the potential to address critical issues such as road safety, congestion, and pollution while transforming the mobility experience for millions of people. However, several hurdles must be overcome to fully harness its benefits. The abstract explores key considerations for the implementation of autonomous vehicles in India. These include adapting the technology to navigate chaotic traffic scenarios, addressing infrastructure limitations
Shetty, Sharan Harish
Damage Tolerant Fracture Assessment of Cracks in Non-Standard Geometries Under Static and Fatigue Loading2024-26-027601/16/2024
Cracks on metallic components may appear due to manufacturing, handling, installation, repair, welding etc. and are controlled by quality documents. However, if cracks violate the limit defined in quality document, then either parts will be scraped or will need additional evaluation through detailed and specialized Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) approach. The initial size, orientation and shape of crack, part geometry and loading highly impacts the behavior of crack growth and remaining useful life. Study has been performed to understand the effect of crack aspect ratio on stress intensity factor under different stress gradient scenario. This paper also provides the simplified methodology to address the multiple cracks in complex geometries under static and fatigue loading.
Puranik, Shashank Suresh, Pathan, Irfan, Shinde, Swapnil, Soni, Nitesh, Kindleysides, Andrew
Scientific Approach for Pickup Cargo Weight Reduction2024-26-019201/16/2024
Due to increasing competitiveness, the arrival of industry giants, product pricing, etc., the automobile market in India is becoming more dynamic to adopt the changes. Apart from this, the product needs to be competitive to capture market by lowering the benefit margin. After launch and gaining of mass volume of the market, the Value Analysis and Value Engineering (VAVE) helps in minimizing the design and development costs through removal of non-value adding processes and activities by understanding the product's value, functions, features, customer demand, quality, and Real-World Usage Pattern (RWUP) without affecting the performance and eventually help in increasing the profit margin of organization. In this study, the benchmarked based statistical Light Weight Index (LWI) technique is developed for the predicting the world in class optimum weight. For these four statistical Light weight Index numbers is derived based on the geometrical dimensions. This strategy is used for the
Patel, Mayank, Balasubramani, Sritharkumar, Pandurangan, Raman, Cornelio, Ronald, Senrayaperumal, Sakthivel, ved, Kapil, Mohan, Aravind
A Novel approach to define and validate market representative routes for IUPRm development in India.2024-26-036101/16/2024
To promote real time monitoring, IUPRm checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm monitoring is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern therefore, for achieving IUPRm targets, understanding of real-world driving patterns is needed. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPR routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps: First step is to have a pre-market survey to know current IUPR status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles (BS6-1). Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating conditions. Routes definition starts with organizing customer survey to capture
Sharma, Prashant, Singh, Dilbagh, kumar, Amit, Gautam, Amit, Khanna, Vikram
A research work to develop an e-Axle generic DVP for the Indian Market complying with Indian and International standards2024-26-011801/16/2024
The electric vehicle market of India has very high growth potential in the coming years, and several automotive manufacturers, including Tier-1 suppliers, are looking to take part in this growth phase. The electric powertrains used in e-cars on Indian roads comply with BIS and AIS standards, but these standards alone do not give much clarity on the complete list of tests required to develop an e-Axle through all stages of development. A major challenge for OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers is to develop the e-Axle in-house for the Indian market, which will play a significant role in overall profitability at high volumes in the long run. Compliance with BIS and AIS standards alone will not be enough to meet the development requirements of an e-axle because a comprehensive list of the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Traceable requirements of any e-Axle are fulfilled through Performance, Functional, Durability, and Robustness categories of tests. This paper presents a study of
Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Vaither, G V N Selvavindhan
A Molecular-Sized, More Efficient Electronic SensorTBMG-4981301/01/2024
Australian researchers have developed a molecular-sized, more efficient version of a widely used electronic sensor, in a breakthrough that could bring widespread benefits.
Characterize the Sound Field Generated from a Vehicle Horn by Pellicular Analysis2025-01-005805/05/2023
To predict the sound field produced by a vehicle horn requires a good source representation of it in the full vehicle model. This paper investigates the characterization of a physical vehicle horn by an inverse method called pellicular analysis. To implement this method, firstly an acoustic testing is performed to measure the sound pressure radiated from the horn at a certain number of microphone locations in a free field environment. Based on the geometry of a virtual horn, the locations of each microphone and measured sound pressure data, pellicular analysis is adopted to recover a set of vibration pattern of the virtual horn. The virtual horn and the recovered vibration information are then incorporated in a full vehicle numerical model to simulate its exterior sound field. The validity of this approach is confirmed by comparing the prediction for a horn in a production vehicle to the corresponding physical test which is required to meet the Brazilian regulation CONTRAN 764/2018.
Yang, Wenlong, MELO, ANDRE
Acoustic Evaluation of Fiber Based Materials for Engine Bay Applications2025-01-011505/05/2023
A newly formulated fiber-based material was developed to offer a cleaner, recyclable alternative to foam-based vehicle acoustic products. The fiber-based material was designed to be used in multiple vehicle acoustic applications, with different blends of the material available depending on the application. It performs well as an engine bay sound absorber due to its high heat tolerance and good absorption performance. A study was conducted to evaluate the sound absorption performance of this fiber-based material, specifically the engine bay blends, in comparison to that of current foam-based products. The results from this study show that the sound absorption performance of this new fiber-based material can match that of current foam-based materials while providing a recyclable product unlike the foam.
Krugh, Jack
Subjective development of EV propulsion noise to drive product differentiation2025-01-006705/05/2023
The frequency and amplitude content of powertrain noise is motor torque and speed dependent and tends to influence the driver’s subjective perception of the vehicle. This provides manufacturers with an opportunity to drive product differentiation through consideration of powertrain noise in early stages of the development cycles for electric vehicles (EVs). This paper focuses on evaluation of customer perception to acoustic feedback of motor design options based on targeted motor orders and expected wind and road masking during high acceleration maneuvers. A jury study is used to explore the customer feedback response to a two-stage gearbox design with AC permanent magnet motor order combinations. The subjective influence of order spacing, dominant frequency content and the number of audible tones is studied to understand aural perspective product differentiation opportunities.
Joodi, Benjamin, Jayakumar, Vignesh, Conklin, Chris, Pilz, Fernando, Iyengar, Shashank, Weilnau, Kelby, Hodgkins, Jeffrey
Cairene Car-Culture: How are Automobility and Social Behavior Linked to The Development of The Soundscape and Urban Fabric of Cairo.2025-01-006905/05/2023
Cairo’s soundscape has witnessed changes due to the ongoing urban structure developments that accommodate the number of vehicles passing through the city. The soundscape produced by this growing automobility is affected not only by vehicles but also by their owners' behavior. Cairenes use their cars as a communication tool and an extension of private space. By viewing the vehicle as a component of the soundscape as well as a space that filters it, this study examines the synergy between social behavior, automobility, urban structure, and their interdependent relationship on the soundscape of Cairo. The study responds to literature elaborating on acoustic ecology, car culture, urban structure, and social behavior. The methodology applied in this study follows practice-based phenomenological research while documenting and reflecting on car cultural practices in Cairo from an aural perspective. Grounded theory contextualizes the analysis of archived audio and video material, semi
Abd El Naby, Abla Mohamed
Tonal noise investigation of automotive HVAC systems : a hybrid method2025-01-002705/05/2023
There is no need to recall how the electrification trend of transport facilities has tightened the requirements around acoustic comfort. Within the automotive industry, these targets are more challenging for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems for which passengers are in the foreground of noise emissions. The complexity of the requirements and specifications set by car manufacturers and suppliers stems from a dual aspect. First is quantitative based on the sound pressure level, whether it's the overall level or 1/3 octave band spectra. The second is purely subjective based on the perceived noise quality by stakeholders and final customers worldwide. During development phases, low frequency tone noises are frequently encountered on these systems which might induce discomfort to the passengers. The experimental investigations usually point to an aerodynamic origin, which prompted this research activity. The purpose of this work is to analyze and understand the mechanism of
Bennouna, Saad, Alaoui, Mohamed
Noise Reduction in High-Speed Sonic Under expanded jets using Slanted Perforated Tabs2025-01-003205/05/2023
Studies on High-Speed Jet control is of prime importance to aerospace as well as related industries. Proper mixing of Jet of a fuel with the surrounding air is indispensable in the combustion chamber of a propulsive system, this contributes to the need of enhancing mixing of Jet with ambient air. The noise radiated by a jet engine is also a major problem for many cities around the world and this method also reduces the Jet associated noise which is of immense environmental concern for transport aircrafts. The High-speed Jet control is achieved by using two different methods. They are active Control method and passive control method. In active control method, the idea is to introduce stream wise vortices into the mixing layer of the jet. Passive control of the jet can be achieved by adding geometrical modifications. The present study deals with an innovative passive control of jet using slanted perforated tabs. which focuses on the method of changing the structures in turbulent free
R, Asad Ahmed, SUBRAMANIAN, THANIGAIARASU
Experimental Investigation into Modulated Aeroacoustic Cabin Noise arising from Unsteady Flow Conditions2025-01-002905/05/2023
The unsteady wind conditions experienced by a vehicle whilst driving on the road are different to those typically experienced in the steady-flow wind tunnel development environment, due to turbulence in the natural wind, moving through the unsteady wakes of other road vehicles and travelling through the stationary wakes generated by roadside obstacles. This paper presents the use of experimental approach using an SUV-shaped vehicle to assess the effect of unsteady wind on the modulated noise performance, commonly used to evaluate unsteady wind noise characteristics. The approach is extended to assess the pressure distribution on the front side glass of the vehicle, caused by the aerodynamic interactions of the turbulent inflow, to provide insight into the noise generation mechanisms and differences in behaviour between the two environments. The vehicle response to unsteady wind conditions was assessed using two approaches: a dynamic upstream unsteady flow the using active side wind
Jamaluddin, Nur Syafiqah, Oettle, Nicholas, Staron, Domenic
Pass-by noise comparison of two test facilities with vehicles operating in electric mode2025-01-000505/05/2023
Outdoor test facilities for light vehicle exterior noise regulatory measurement need to have surfaces certified to meet ISO 10844. A recent study considered plug-in-hybrid vehicles operating purely in electric mode to compare results at two facilities, one in Japan and in the U.S. This emphasizes the pavement contribution. Overall results are generally similar, with a few differences which are discussed.
Sorenson, Steve, Shao, Guangxin
Analysis of Subharmonic Torsional Resonance in Powertrains with Two-Stage Spring Isolators2025-01-009605/05/2023
A vehicle powertrain system with a two-stage spring isolator separating a combustion engine from a transmission can exhibit significant nonlinear dynamics if the input torques cause the spring to continuously alternate between its first-stage and second-stage stiffnesses. In particular, this nonlinearity can result in subharmonic resonance of the system’s torsional natural frequencies at half the frequency of the engine’s primary excitation order. A 1D torsional vibration model was prepared using Siemens’s Simcenter Amesim software to study these nonlinear vibrations. First, a correlated vehicle-level model was developed to replicate a half-order torsional resonance that was measured in a vehicle test. Then, simplified models were used to study the sensitivity of this kind of subharmonic resonant response to changes in mean input torque level, amplitude of input torque oscillation, first-stage capacity of the spring isolator, and other factors.
Villiger, Jacob
Leveraging Vision Language Models for Automated NVH Analysis2025-01-012705/05/2023
Optimizing Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) is crucial in the automotive industry. Traditional analysis methods, including time series analytics and frequency spectrum analysis, as well as advanced techniques like time-frequency spectrogram analysis, are often time-consuming and rely heavily on expert interpretation. This research explores the potential of Vision Language Models (VLMs) specifically LLaMA 3.2 Vision, GPT-4o, and Microsoft Phi-3 vision for automating noise spectrogram analysis. By employing techniques such as few-shot learning and fine-tuning these models on a curated dataset of spectrograms paired with expert interpretations, we aim to facilitate rapid and accurate NVH assessments and report generation. The proposed approach includes assembling a dataset derived from vibration sensors and expert analyses to inform model training. Furthermore, we will evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the trained models to ensure robust performance. The techniques discussed
CHANDRASEKARAN, BALAJI, Cury, Rudoniel
Effects on Motorcycle Dynamics Data Using Wheel Force Transducer Systems2025-01-009405/05/2023
Wheel Force Transducers (WFT) are precise and accurate measurement devices that seamlessly integrate into any vehicle. They can be applied in numerous vehicle applications for both on-road and in laboratory settings. The instrumentation requires replacing an OEM wheel with a custom WFT system which is specific to the wheel hub design. An ideal design will minimally impact a vehicle's dynamics, but the vehicle system is inherently modified to some extent from the weight of the measurement device. Research and technical documentation have been published which provide conclusions that reducing the unsprung mass reduces dynamic wheel load. However, there doesn’t appear to be clear compensation techniques for how a modified unsprung mass can be related to the original system, thus allowing the WFT signals to be more accurate to the OEM wheel forces. An experimental study was performed on a prototype motorcycle to better understand these differences. An instrumented “impact bump” acting as a
Frisco, Jacob, Rhudy, Scott, Larsen, William, Oosting, Nicholas
The quality of vehicle horn sounds research and control2025-01-008805/05/2023
Chinese consumers are very concerned about the quality of vehicle horn sounds, and the quality of vehicle horn sounds is very important in the overall NVH development process. This paper studies the sound quality of vehicle horns based on their working principles and characteristics, combined with the principles of vehicle vibration and noise control. It conducts research on the sound quality of vehicle horns from multiple dimensions, including vibration and noise excitation sources, transmission paths, and evaluation conditions. By analyzing the horn sound quality problems encountered in the development process of a certain domestic new energy vehicle, it proposes corresponding solutions. The results show that in addition to the common NVH phenomena of vehicle horns, the vibration and noise of vehicle horns can cause nonlinear phenomena in adjacent components, thereby producing abnormal noise. This study provides technical reference for nonlinear research and control of vehicle horn
li, 李. 治齐, zhou, changshui, Xie, Kai
Faster Cool-Down of a Reefer Unit by Optimizing the System Losses through Experimental Investigation2022-28-044211/09/2022
Refrigerated shipping containers are one of the four segments of the cold chain; cooling and storage; refrigerated transport; distribution centre and refrigerated display in super markets. The term reefer has become an established term to refer refrigerated shipping containers. It is one of the emerging areas in transport segments. With the onset of ongoing pandemic this area has further drawn global attention recently and due focus is being given to the development and improvement of reefer unit Hence with the growing demand in this field the energy consumption is also leapfrogging day by day. Primary energy sources (fossil fuel) are depleting and their environmental impact is raising anxiety around the world. In order to minimize unnecessary energy waste in refrigerated shipping container system, it needs to be designed to be energy efficient and provide high cooling capacity to ensure rapid pull down to carriage temperature and to maintain product quality at idle. Improper operation
Sen, Somnath
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