Browse Topic: Systems engineering

Items (493)

Scientists Fuse Simulations and Machine Learning to Accelerate Novel Additively Manufactured Materials

TBMG-5212712/01/2024

Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, have demonstrated a novel approach for applying machine learning to predict microstructures produced by a widely used additive manufacturing technique. Their approach promises to dramatically reduce the time and cost of developing materials with tailored physical properties and will soon be implemented on a NASA-funded effort focused on creation of a digital twin.

SCENE ADJUSTMENT TOOLS FOR AUTONOMY SIMULATION

2024-01-400511/15/2024

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a set of Simulation Scene Adjustment Tools which allow users to adjust relevant geo-environmental parameters to create an unlimited number of new scenes that are based on, and share relevant characteristics with, the original. We also introduce a set of novel quantitative metrics that compare the simulation scenes from the perspective of an automated vehicle system. These tools are useful for automated vehicle development and testing to alleviate the problem of having only a few simulation scenes with which to prove out the system. Citation: J. Auchter, R. Brothers, D. Beer, “Scene Adjustment Tools for Autonomy Simulation,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 15-17, 2023.

Auchter, Joseph, Brothers, Robert, Beer, Daniel

Bridging the Gap - Applying Performance Driven Aviation Technologies in Cost Driven Ground Platforms

2024-01-334911/15/2024

ABSTRACT The complexity of ground vehicle mission systems has evolved significantly over the last few years resulting in over-taxed platforms with federated mission suites. Department of Defense (DoD) is pursuing platform evolution toward integrated mission suites. Opportunities exist to apply aspects of previously developed methodologies from the aviation sector to ground platforms. This paper describes the parallels of the evolution of aviation platforms with the similarities to ground platforms. Solutions from the military aviation community will be discussed that could reduce development risks, schedules and costs and improve mission capabilities for ground applications. Specific discussion will be on opportunities and techniques to transition performance driven, high cost, low volume technologies into mission suitable and affordable high volume solutions. Discussion of the feedback opportunities into the aviation community will be addressed. This paper is not intended to be a

Hensley, Marion P.

3D-PRINTING IMPACTS ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN DEFENSE INDUSTRY

2024-01-352711/15/2024

ABSTRACT Today’s combat vehicle designs are largely constrained by traditional manufacturing processes, such as machining, welding, casting, and forging. Recent advancements in 3D-Printing technology offer tremendous potential to provide economical, optimized components by eliminating fundamental process limitations. The ability to re-design suitable components for 3D-printing has potential to significantly reduce cost, weight, and lead-time in a variety of Defense & Aerospace applications. 3D-printing will not completely replace traditional processes, but instead represents a new tool in our toolbox - from both a design and a manufacturing standpoint.

Generation of tire digital twin for virtual MBD simulation of vehicles for durability, NVH and handling evaluation

2024-26-030101/16/2024

With the recent development in virtual modelling and vehicle simulation technology, many OEM's worldwide are using digital road profiles in virtual environment for vehicle durability load prediction and virtual design evaluation. For precise simulation results, it is important to have the tire digital twin which is the realistic representation of tire in the virtual environment. The study comprises of discussion about different types of tire models such as empirical, solid model, rigid ring model and flexural ring models such as Pacejka, MF Swift, CD tire, F tire etc. and also the complexity involved in development of these tire models. Generation of virtual tire model requires highly sophisticated test rigs as well as vehicle level testing with Wheel Force transducers and other vehicle dynamics sensors. The large number of data points generated with testing are converted in standard TYDEX format to be further processed in various software tool for virtual model generation. Thus, a

Systems Engineering – a key approach to Transportation Electrification

2024-26-012801/16/2024

The automotive industry has seen accelerating demand for electrified transportation. While the complexity of conventional ICE vehicles has increased, the powertrain still largely consists of a mechanical system. In contrast, vehicle architectures in electrified transportation are a complex integration of power electronics, batteries, control units, and software. This shift in system architecture impacts the entire organization during new product development, with increased focus on high power electronic components, energy management strategies, and complex algorithm development. Additionally, product development impact extends beyond the vehicle and impacts charging networks, electrical infrastructure, and communication protocols. The complex interaction between systems has a significant impact on vehicle safety, development timeline, scope, and cost. A systems engineering approach, with emphasis on requirements definition and traceability, helps ensure decomposition of top level

Narasipuram, Rajanand Patnaik, Karkhanis, Varad Abhimanyu, Ellinger, Michael, K M, Saranath, Alagarsamy, Guruprasath, Jadhav, Ravindra

Electric Vehicle Battery SOH and RUL prediction using Digital Twin Hybrid ML Model considering effect of Driving Behaviour

2024-26-012201/16/2024

The adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is primarily limited by their dependence on batteries, which have lesser power density as compared to conventional fossil fuels as well as its ageing deterioration issues over time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the modifications in battery performance characteristics with respect to changes in temperature, charging behaviour and usage pattern, low and high charge states, current variations etc. To resolve such issues, this work proposes the development of a battery digital twin model to accurately reflect battery dynamics during run time. A digital twin is a virtual model replicating a physical system's characteristics. The digital twin is developed using a physics and machine learning model trained with bench-level and vehicle level actual test data. It uses an equivalent circuit model (ECM) to predict the battery's internal resistance and polarization effect due to ionic diffusion process in the cell. ECM model generates

Dongaonkar, Saharsh, Sarkar, Prasanta, Patil, Gaurav, KONDHARE, MANISH, nath, Subhrajyoti

An AI-based digital twin of the Electric Vehicle

2024-26-009301/16/2024

For commercial vehicles, reliability is key since the vehicle is typically linked to the daily earnings of the owner. To ensure continuous vehicle operation, early issue diagnostics and proactive maintenance are important. However, an electric vehicle is a complex and dynamic system consisting of numerous components interacting with each other and with external environments such as road conditions, traffic, weather, and driving behavior. Thus, vehicle operation and performance are highly contextual and for identifying an abnormal operation (diagnostics) the solution must take into account the conditions under which it is driven. To address this, we have built an AI-based digital twin of electric vehicles. The model is an AI-based generative transformer network that generates near-ideal vehicle behavior. The present focus has been on motor, controller and battery. The model is trained using 200 vehicles first 1500 km driven data. To ensure the digital twin model learns near-ideal

Jain, Siddhant, Kumar, Vedant, Soni, Nimish, Saran, Amitabh

Machine learning based fault detection of powertrains in electric vehicles using a digital twin

2023-01-121406/26/2023

Vehicles are subject to effects that lead to a more or less rapid degradation of functions. On the one hand, aging effects lead to a gradual reduction in functional capability. On the other hand, unexpected defects in components or modules can lead to functional losses. Therefore faults in the powertrain or vehicle dynamics can cause hazards for the driver as well as uninvolved road participants. They must therefore be detected and intercepted as early as possible in order to maintain vehicle function even in critical situations until a safe operating mode can be established without any risk. This contribution presents an approach that can improve both the product development process and the operation of electrified vehicles by dynamically detecting abnormal situations in the powertrain and vehicle dynamics to infer the fault in the system. For this purpose, the vehicle is connected via 5G to an intelligent digital twin located in the Edge backend. The core component is the fault

Dettinger, Falk, Jazdi, Nasser, Weyrich, Michael, Brandl, Lukas, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Pecha, Urs, Parspour, Nejila, Li, Shiqing, Frey, Michael, Gauterin, Frank, Nägele, Ann-Therese, Lüntzel, Vitus Alexander, Sax, Eric

The DANA EV NVH Laboratory

2025-01-000705/05/2023

A cutting-edge EV powertrain NVH laboratory has been established at DANA Incorporation’s world headquarters in Maumee, enhancing their capabilities in EV powertrain NVH development. This state-of-the-art and industry lead laboratory is designed to meet various NVH requirements for EV powertrain development and sign-off processes. This laboratory supports the use of a live motor for input and is equipped with an input module that allows for detailed examination of NVH characteristics of new powertrain configurations before prototype motors are available, significantly reducing development time for new drivetrain systems. Key features of the laboratory include a hemi-anechoic chamber, two AC asynchronous load motors, an acoustically isolated high-speed input motor, and two battery emulators that cover both low and high voltage requirements. The NVH laboratory enables engineers to assess system performance and correlate it with digital twin models. DANA engineers can develop and optimize

Cheng, Ming-Te, Zugo, Chris

Condition Monitoring of High-Speed Rotating Machinery using Digital Twins & Machine Learning Techniques

2025-01-012805/05/2023

In the era of Industry 4.0, maintenance of factory equipment is changing with new maintenance system using predictive or prescriptive methods. These methods leverage condition monitoring through digital twins, AI, & machine learning techniques to obtain early signs of faults, type of faults, locations of fault etc. Bearings and Gears are one of the most common components and cracking/misalignment/rubbing/bowing are the most common failure modes in high-speed rotating machinery. In the present work, an end-to-end automated Machine Learning based condition monitoring algorithm is developed for predicting and classifying internal gear and bearing faults using external vibration sensors. A digital twin model of the entire rotating system consisting of the gears, bearings, shafts, and housing was developed as a co-simulation between MSC ADAMS and MATLAB. The gears and bearing dynamic models were developed in MATLAB and shaft and housing models were developed in MSC ADAMS flexible body. The

Rastogi, Sarthak, SINGHAL, SRIJAN, Ahirrao, Sachin, Milind, T. R.

test 11/01/2022 10:40 amauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto test

SAE-PP-0778011/01/2022

test 11/01/2022 10:40 am

Mutagaana, Festo

Challenges with Commercial Supersonic Travel and some resolutions

2022-26-121505/26/2022

Innovation is the fulcrum for the Modern world.Aviation sector has adapted niche technologies for the improvement and sustainability of the business.Supersonic aircrafts were designed and developed for faster and seamless transportation. Use of Supersonic Aircrafts in the commercial arena has many technological and regulatory challenges.The NASA Advanced Air Vehicles Program Commercial Supersonic Transport (CST) Project was initiated in this regard and it details out the propositions laid out to bring Supersonic Aircrafts into the Commercial use. This highlights the importance of the Commercial Supersonic Aircraft.Intent of this paper is to provide technical analysis and solution to the norms in line with NASA Research for the Super sonic travel Infrastructure. This includes steps taken to modularize technical, logistical and Operational changes required for the Infrastructure of Commercial Supersonic Travel without discounting safety and reliability of the existing setup Integrated

JOSHI, SRIKANTH, Ramaiah, chethan prasad, Palanikumar, Senthil Kumar, Reddy, Vikramasimha

Cloud based Architecture to implement Digital Twins

2022-26-114705/26/2022

Increased operating cost of aircraft for maintenance and repair is an area that has garnered a lot of attention. Efforts to reduce the cost has not always met with success despite aircraft being built with increased reliability including more durable engines and innovations in approach to maintenance. Most airlines focus on cutting cost of maintenance, repair and overhaul while ensuring operational availability of assets. Means to optimize cost must always be within mandatory bounds of safety of operations. Existing approaches for fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, physical testing and heuristic design philosophies which are often unable to address extreme requirements. Some of the major challenges include employment of conventional maintenance practices, slower turnaround time, suboptimal supply chain management, poor utilization of resources, below par manufacturing processes, outdated manual processes and inferior

Padmanabhan, Suresh, Sunkara, Bhanu Prakash

Using Digital Twin for faster & accurate performance prediction of Industrial Assets.

2022-26-114605/26/2022

Digital Twin is an emerging trend on Industrial use cases. Digital Twin is a Replica of a physical asset in Real time. The traditional way of developing Digital twin is, by using complex transfer functions. However, this requires tremendous amount of expertise with good understanding of the domain & the physics. The accuracy of the Twin model is directly dependent on the transfer functions, which many times result in a disconnect with the physical world. Physics based simulations can result in a better accuracy. However, the time taken by the software to make Real time virtual simulations is a bigger Industrial challenge due to high computational speed. So, we need to strike the right balance between speed & accuracy. There are some software who are attempting to provide solutions to this challenge. One of the techniques is to use Reduced Order Modelling (ROM) to speed up the computation of virtually simulating complex Industrial assets, without too much of approximation. The intent of

Narasimhan, Vijay Sarathy

Blockchain based Aircraft Maintenance Records

2022-26-114005/26/2022

Currently, Aircraft records and many other archives are in paper format. Paper records like maintenance records included in logbook are cumbersome, inefficient, and insecure compared to the capabilities of modern technology. Blockchain technology is the next step in creating process efficiencies, security, and integrity of maintenance data over the lifetime of an aircraft/engine. Changing paper records to digital records using blockchain is the foundation for a better future towards digital twin and analytics. Blockchain based maintenance can connect a world of data between various groups for extended periods of time by creating a secure digital thread. As regulatory requirements grow and cyber threats loom, blockchain technology can assist in the integrity and security of the captured data. The objective of this paper is to describe the advantages of migrating to digital applications using blockchain and how it can secure the future of the industry.

Jayarajan, Keerthi

A Framework for Teaching Safety Critical Control and Artificially Intelligent Systems to Undergrads

2022-26-122305/26/2022

There is a need to teach systems to the undergrad and graduate levels in colleges. Efforts are being made by industry, academia, and professional societies to join hands to bridge the gap. The students require examples to get their “hands dirty” on an actual system. Many of the aerospace examples are not available in the open domain as they are considered proprietary. The world is going toward Artificial Intelligence. Though AI has been used in aerospace industry for optimization for quite some time, certification of AI systems in the safety critical control domain are still not very popular. Experiments on such system are required to clearly understand the testing and safety aspects of deploying such systems. This paper looks at an environmental control system which has enough complexity to merit an industry level attention but is again simple enough to be understood by the students. This is a physics model. Simulation runs from this physics model is used to train a Neural Network

Jeppu, Yogananda, Raman, Ramakrishnan

Application of a Digital Twin Virtual Engineering Tool for Ground Vehicle Maintenance Forecasting

2022-01-043403/29/2022

The integration of sensors, actuators and real time control in transportation systems enables intelligent system operation to minimize energy consumption and maximize occupant safety and vehicle reliability. The operating cycle of military ground vehicles can be on- and off-road in adverse environments which places a demand on continuous subsystem functionality to fulfill missions. On–board diagnostic systems can alert the operator of degraded operation once established fault thresholds are passed. An opportunity exists to estimate vehicle maintenance needs using model-based predicted trends and compiled information from fleet operating databases. A digital twin, created to virtually describe the dynamic behavior of a physical system using computer mathematical models, can estimate the system behavior based on current and future operating scenarios while accounting for past operating effects. In this manner, the collection of real time data of the physical vehicle can be constantly

Eddy, Conner, WAGNER, Adam, Wagner, JOHN, Castanier, Matthew

Digitalization of a climate and altitude simulation test bench for handheld power tools to automate its thermal management system

2022-01-072703/29/2022

Mechanical systems accomplish their tasks better when enhanced with cyber technologies. With the rapidly escalating desire for high efficiency, optimization and flexibility, these physical systems ought to be integrated with cyber technologies that enhance exhaustive manipulation of resources and unsurpassed productivity. The gateway for such a synergetic integration can be referred to as digitization. Details regarding the digitization of a High-altitude Simulation chamber are discussed thoroughly in this paper. The simulation chamber was originally designed and developed as a test bench to study the characteristics of alternative fuels used in the engines of handheld tools in different altitudes and thermal conditions. It encompasses all the possible realistic temperature variations with altitude raising to 3500m above sea level. Since the testbed’s effectiveness is highly dependent on achieving a combination of desired temperature and altitude values to maintain them for a defined

Nenninger, Philipp, Hadamek, Christof, Renner, Marius, Derbie, Arsema, Kettner, Maurice, Aslan, Ferhat

Executable Digital Twin – Prevent the early failure of a truck anchorage using Smart Virtual Sensors

2022-01-093203/29/2022

Executable Digital Twins (xDT) are starting a revolution in the industry, where high fidelity simulation models extend their usage from the design and validation phases to in-operation and service phase. Two critical technology blocks in this revolution are Model Order Reduction and Smart Virtual Sensing. The former allows the high-fidelity models to be represented in compact forms and the latter allows to extend the limits of physical sensors and provide full field data combining simulation models and test data in a real-time estimator framework. The smart virtual sensing technology leverages a state-of-the-art Kalman filtering approach to combine the simulation and physical testing. This allows to virtually measure locations that are not accessible with physical sensors due to e.g. physical constrains or high temperatures. In case of large sensors setups, the instrumentation time, and hence the cost, can be greatly reduced by using a combination of physical and smart virtual sensors

Scurria, Leoluca, Risaliti PhD, Enrico, Buss, Dayane, Kubo, Pablo, Tamarozzi, Tommaso, Cornelis, Bram

Exhaust Noise Development Based on System Model

2022-01-073603/29/2022

Exhaust noise performance has been developed using vehicle. Recently, the demand on reducing vehicles and untact development is increasing. In this study, the method for developing exhasut noise using system models was researched. The exhaust noise can be estimated using engine sound source and exhaust system's transfer functions. We measured engine sound source strength and exhaust system's insertion loss in experimental approach. We drew the theoretical equation leading to tail pipe noise with 2 systems' inherent property and considering connection point conditions such as impedences. We compared the estimated noise with measured using several vehicles. We concluded this approach is helpful for qualitative evaluation for the developing vehicle's exhaust noise without making vehicles. After estimating exhaust noise, we can set the system's target to meet the vehicle's target. Using this approach, it is expected that the exhaust noise can be estimated in advance of manufacturing

Park, Sangyoung

The ICON Digital Wind-Tunnel Validation

2022-01-108803/29/2022

The discipline of aerodynamics engineering is a cornerstone in the rapid transition of the automotive industry to emission-free technologies. The endless pursuit of maximum energy efficiency, comfort, and safety requires designers to achieve unprecedented aerodynamic characteristics for the cars of tomorrow, which would be impossible to attain using traditional development processes. In recent years, computational testing has reached a maturity level close to that of physical wind-tunnel testing with all of its’ sophistications. Complementing the data from physical testing, well-calibrated computational simulations provide opportunities to interrogate and analyze salient flow phenomena in even greater depth, and explore the design space with more flexibility. Enabling designers to easily and efficiently exploit the increasing power and range of computational simulation to achieve the emission-free objectives of the automotive industry represents a significant challenge. This talk will

Hrncir PhD, Zbynek

Development of Argonne VIL workflow for CAVs to demonstrate the energy-efficient automated driving controls in real vehicles

2022-01-050003/29/2022

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed automated driving control strategies that aim at maximizing energy-efficiency. Up to 22% energy savings were demonstrated [1] in a large-scale study performed in RoadRunner, a tool for the energy-centric modeling of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). This paper describes how these controls were implemented and tested in real vehicles on dynamometer setting, ANL vehicle in the loop (VIL) workflow, to demonstrate both the efficacy of the controls themselves, but also to validate the RoadRunner models. The main concept of the ANL VIL workflow is to build a digital twin and connect to a real vehicle on dynamometer as if it can drive on the real road. The ANL VIL workflow mainly consists of three steps, integration, preparation, and experimentation. A digital twin of the vehicle and the testing environment was built by the help of RoadRunner for the integration. The digital twin includes virtual road such as intersection, traffic signals

JEONG, Jongryeol, Kim, Namdoo, Di Russo, Miriam, Grave, Julien, Han, Jihun, Stutenberg, Kevin, Karbowski, Dominik

Analysis of the effect of the wedged type brake caliper piston on brake drag

2021-01-129310/11/2021

Reducing brake drag has always been one of the most important goals among brake system engineers and its importance has never been higher due to the historic rise in global fuel economy and carbon emission standards. Although many studies have been done with regard to the improvement of brake drag, previous papers have focused mainly on studying the optimization of traditionally well-known factors such as geometry of the piston seal groove where the piston seal is to be located, piston materials, properties of the piston seal, and so forth. In contrast, only few papers deal with the entire mechanism of the piston roll-back. The present work tries to change the shape of the piston(wedged type) to differentiate the mechanism of the piston roll-back from the conventional method and attempts to illuminate the interaction between wedged type brake caliper piston and piston seal. Data from multi sources including several different dynamic drag tests and CAE analysis are presented and

Kim, Yooho, Kwon, Taiksang, Lee, Soonwook

Model-Based System Engineering Approach for Steering Feel Simulation for Passenger Vehicles

2021-26-040009/22/2021

The basic function of steering system is to control the direction of the vehicle. The driver applies effort on the steering wheel and receives feedback through the steering system as a result of tire to road interaction. This feedback consists of a haptic (force) feedback which is directly felt by the driver and it is termed as steering feel. Precise steering feel gives better driving experience and is decisive factor for customer to buy a vehicle as well as for OEMs in building brand image. Along with steering parameters, suspension and tire parameters also has significant impact on steering feel. In past, modelling of the steering system was done at component level or with simplified vehicle system. Such approaches had not given accurate results of steering feel metric and resulted in incorrect steering design parameter selection. In order to replicate actual vehicle characteristics, complex and detailed modelling of steering, tire and suspension subsystems is necessary. This study

Kulkarni, Parag Vijay, Dhiman, Vipin, Iqbal, Shoaib, Salunkhe, Swapnil

Road Vehicles - Cybersecurity Engineering

ISO/SAE21434 (Current)08/31/2021

This document specifies engineering requirements for cybersecurity risk management regarding concept, product development, production, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of electrical and electronic (E/E) systems in road vehicles, including their components and interfaces. A framework is defined that includes requirements for cybersecurity processes and a common language for communicating and managing cybersecurity risk. This document is applicable to series production road vehicle E/E systems, including their components and interfaces, whose development or modification began after the publication of this document. This document does not prescribe specific technology or solutions related to cybersecurity.

Vehicle Cybersecurity Systems Engineering Committee

System Configuration Management Plan (SyCMP) Template - ARP4754A - AFuzion

ARP4754A_PL_00408/13/2021

Aircraft or System Configuration Management Plan Checklist - ARP4754A - AFuzion

ARP4754A_CK_00508/12/2021

Human Engineering - Principles and Practices

HEB1D (Current)

04/14/2021

This Engineering Bulletin and its annexes provide guidance on the application of Human Engineering principles and practices to the analysis, design, development, testing, fielding, support, accident investigation, and training for military and commercial products throughout their intended life cycles.

G-45 Human Systems Integration

Systems Engineering Capability Model

EIA731_1A (Current)

03/16/2021

The purpose of this Standard is to support the development and improvement of systems engineering capability.

G-47 Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Capability Model

EIA731_1A-TEST-REC (Historical)03/16/2021

The purpose of this Standard is to support the development and improvement of systems engineering capability.

G-47 Systems Engineering

Digital Data Standards in Aircraft Asset Lifecycle: Current Status and Future Needs

03/02/2021

The aerospace ecosystem is a complex system of systems comprising of many stakeholders in exchanging technical, design, development, certification, operational, and maintenance data across the different lifecycle stages of an aircraft from concept, engineering, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance to its disposal. Many standards have been developed to standardize and improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and security of the data transfer processes in the aerospace ecosystem. There are still challenges in data transfer due to the lack of standards in certain areas and lack of awareness and implementation of some standards. G-31 standards committee of SAE International has conducted a study on the available digital data standards in aircraft asset life cycle to understand the current and future landscapes of the needed digital data standards and identify gaps. This technical paper presents the study conducted by the G-31 technical committee. This paper reviews the data being

Kumar, G. V. V. Ravi, Jones, Ken, Rencher, Robert, Rajamani, Ravi, Schmidt, Michael, Budeanu, Dragos, Ghimire, Ritesh, Lesmerises, Alan, Kasimsetty, Vinay, Kar, Satyanarayan, Hall, Frederick, Berlee, Dirk, Walthall, Rhonda, Johnson, Logen

Innovation on a Larger Scale: Robotic Fiber Placement and 3D Printing

TBMG-3850602/01/2021

Weapon Fire Control System

TBMG-3853602/01/2021

Smart Shooter Yagur, Israel 972-524714002

Technology Leaders: Industry Renaissance Transforms Invention, Learning, Production, and Trade

TBMG-3819612/01/2020

A profound societal transformation is underway on a scale not seen since the great European Renaissance. Then, Gutenberg’s printing press made books — and the knowledge they contained — available to all. Today, the new book is the experience. Digital technology, which enables virtual experiences, is enabling an Industry Renaissance that is shaking all sectors of society with new ways, both real and virtual, of inventing, learning, producing, and trading.

The Role of Prototype/Test Systems in Next-Generation C5ISR Development

TBMG-3825412/01/2020

Providers of C5ISR solutions often focus on the powerful deployable computer systems that provide superior performance capability. But to get to that end-design, there were prototyping/test systems that played a critical role in their development. It’s an important time for development systems as the military moves to more advanced modular open standard systems. This includes the SOSA/HOST/CMOSS efforts over the OpenVPX architecture, wideband testing via programable software defined radios (SDRs), and much more.

The Role of Prototype/Test Systems in Next-Generation C5ISR Development

20AERP12_0212/01/2020

Providers of C5ISR solutions often focus on the powerful deployable computer systems that provide superior performance capability. But to get to that end-design, there were prototyping/test systems that played a critical role in their development. It's an important time for development systems as the military moves to more advanced modular open standard systems. This includes the SOSA/HOST/CMOSS efforts over the OpenVPX architecture, wideband testing via programable software defined radios (SDRs), and much more.

Security Specification through the Systems Engineering Process for SAE V2X Standards

SS_V2X_00110/10/2020

This document addresses the development of security material for application specifications in SAE V2X Technical Committees. The assumption in this document is that two groups with distinct missions contribute to the development of each standard: the “Application Specification Team is in charge of specifying the application functionality and the “Security Specification Team” is in charge of specifying the security. The two teams may, of course, have a significant overlap of members.

How Digitalization Reduces Program Risk in Platform Development

TBMG-3745908/01/2020

Electronic and electrical (E/E) design demands of the 21st century will no doubt present a tremendous challenge throughout the aerospace and defense industry. Profitability in all phases of platform development will be challenged. Along with staying profitable, there is a need to innovate. But with innovation comes risk. How do you limit risk to stay profitable?

Digital Twins: How The Digital Replica Concept Is Used By Robotic Systems

TBMG-3709606/01/2020

AV&R's robotic systems are designed to automate surface finishing (profiling, polishing, blending, deburring) on critical parts of aircraft engines, such as blades. These systems operate using dedicated software called BrainWave which orchestrates the interactions between all of the robotic system’s components. For several years, AV&R has been developing BrainWave software to facilitate the use of the robotic system by its operators. One of the features developed is visualization of the system following the concept of digital twins.

20AERP06_0406/01/2020

How The Digital Replica Concept Is Used By Robotic Systems AV&R's robotic systems are designed to automate surface finishing (profiling, polishing, blending, deburring) on critical parts of aircraft engines, such as blades. These systems operate using dedicated software called BrainWave which orchestrates the interactions between all of the robotic system's components. For several years, AV&R has been developing Brain-Wave software to facilitate the use of the robotic system by its operators. One of the features developed is visualization of the system following the concept of digital twins. What is the concept of digital twins? How does this innovative concept apply in the case of robotic systems for complex industries such as aeronautics? What are its concrete uses? And how do digital twins improve the use and performance of robotic systems?

Characterizing Richness of Previously Unmapped Terrain and its Impact on Navigation Using 3D Range Sensors

TBMG-3684205/01/2020

Landers to large planetary bodies such as Mars typically use a secondary reconnaissance spacecraft to generate high-fidelity 3D terrain maps that are subsequently used for landing site selection and creating onboard maps for terrain-relative navigation systems. This luxury does not exist with small primitive bodies such as comets and asteroids. For these bodies, the landing spacecraft has to perform the 3D mapping and, with possible help from ground control, choose a feasible landing site. To enable this operation, the spacecraft would need to carry a 3D ranging sensor system such as a LiDAR. With the spacecraft placed in extended mapping orbits, 3D range measurement data is then used to create a shape model of the object. Terrain-based navigation schemes that employ cameras could then be used to image, detect, match, and track features against the map database to provide a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) navigation solution during descent. Camera-based systems, however, are not robust to

20AUTP05_1105/01/2020

Mike Kenhard joined IAV Automotive Engineering as president in 2019, bringing a diverse career in systems engineering and “all sides of engines and engine controls” from his previous experience at AVL, Denso, Cosworth Technology and Ford. The U.K. native sees his new role leading the Germany-based company's U.S. operation as “the most exciting opportunity yet.” Kenhard, who is a member of SAE's strategic North American International Powertrain committee, shared his thoughts recently with Editor Lindsay Brooke at IAV's Plymouth, Michigan, headquarters. Highlights of that interview:

Requirements for Road Weather Applications™ Set

J2945/3SET_202004 (Historical)04/23/2020

This Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1) file precisely specifies the structure of the data used to support implementation of SAE International Standard J2945/3. As part of an international treaty, data defined in US ITS standards are expressed in "ASN.1 syntax". ASN.1 Syntax is used to define the data entities or "ASN specifications". Using the ASN.1 specification, a compiler tool can be used used to produce encodings as required by the encoding rules identified in the standard (SAE J2945/3 messages are encoded with UPER or JER encoding). Both this file and the SAE J2735 ASN.1 files are necessary to collectively implement the data exchanges described in the J2945/3. The combined library can be used by any application (along with the additional logic of that application) to exchange the data over interfaces conformant to J2945/3. SAE J2945/3 specifies interface requirements for weather data collection and distribution using V2X communications, including detailed systems engineering

Infrastructure Applications Technical Committee

System Evaluation Method for Two Planetary Gears Hybrid Powertrain under Gray Relational Analysis Based on Fuzzy AHP and Entropy Weight Method

2020-01-043004/14/2020

Millions of configurations of power-split hybrid powertrain can be generated due to variation in number of planetary-gear sets (PG), difference in number, type and installation location of shift actuators (clutches or brakes), and difference in connection positions of power components. Considering the large number of configurations, complex structures and control modes, it is vital to construct an appropriate multi-index system evaluation method, which directly affects the requirement fulfillment, the time and cost of 2-PG system configuration design. Considering one-sidedness (dynamics and economic performance), simplicity (linear combination of indicators) and subjectivity (relying on expert experience) of previous system evaluation method of 2-PG system design, a more systematic evaluation method is proposed in this paper. The proposed evaluation system consists of five aspects, involving dynamic, economy, comfort, reliability and cost, and more than 20 indexes. To reduce the

Gu, Jiading, Zhao, Zhiguo, Chen, Yi

Challenges in Integrating Cybersecurity into Existing Development Processes

2020-01-014404/14/2020

For an established development process and a team accustomed to this process, adding cybersecurity features to the product initially means inconvenience and reduced productivity without perceivable benefits. Adapting development processes to take cybersecurity into account introduces challenges not present in engineering divisions so far. Strategies designed to deal with these challenges differ in the way in which added duties are assigned and cybersecurity topics are integrated into the already existing process steps. Cybersecurity requirements often clash with existing system requirements or established development methods, leading to low acceptance among developers, and introducing the need to have clear policies on how friction between cybersecurity and other fields is handled. A cybersecurity development approach is frequently perceived as introducing impediments, that bear the risk of cybersecurity measures receiving a lower priority to reduce inconvenience. Moreover, this leads

Lenhart, Patric, Arndt, Paul, von Wedel, Jana, Beul, Christian, Weldert, Jan

Requirements for Road Weather Applications

J2945/3_202003 (Historical)03/24/2020

Inclement weather can have a significant impact on surface transportation systems. It can result in hazardous conditions for travelers due to poor visibility, or wet or icy roadways. Weather applications have the potential to provide additional data to surface transportation infrastructure owners and operators, allowing them to better assess the impacts of the weather environment on or around the roadway and to better manage the surface transportation system. Such weather applications can: Collect road weather data from connected vehicles and mobile devices, increasing the number of data sources available. Provide road weather related traveler information to travelers via connected vehicles and devices, such as when and where a hazardous condition exists. Provide the ability to manage road weather response on specific roadways. This SAE Standard specifies interface requirements between vehicles and infrastructure for weather applications, including detailed systems engineering

Infrastructure Applications Technical Committee

Unsettled Technology Opportunities for Vehicle Health Management and the Role for Health-Ready Components

EPR202000303/17/2020

{"italic":"health-ready\n components","content":["Game-changing opportunities abound for the application of vehicle health\n management (VHM) across multiple transportation-related sectors, but key\n unresolved issues continue to impede progress. VHM technology is based upon the\n broader field of advanced analytics. Much of traditional analytics efforts to\n date have been largely descriptive in nature and offer somewhat limited value\n for large-scale enterprises. Analytics technology becomes increasingly valuable\n when it offers predictive results or, even better, prescriptive results, which\n can be used to identify specific courses of action. It is this focus on action\n which takes analytics to a higher level of impact, and which imbues it with the\n potential to materially impact the success of the enterprise. Artificial\n intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning technology, shows future\n promise in the VHM space, but it is not currently adequate by itself for\n high

Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Mahsa Nakhjiri, Senior Director of Technical Product Management, Flex

TBMG-3624703/01/2020

Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Maryam Zahabi, Assistant Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University

TBMG-3631103/01/2020

What led you to choose science and/or engineering as a career, particularly in the medical device field?

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