Browse Topic: Legislation

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Navigating the Field of Automotive Cybersecurity Relevant Regulations2026-26-06231/16/2026
In recent years many automotive cybersecurity relevant regulations have been released and some have already started to come into effect. Moreover, some other regulations will come into effect in the next few years. These regulations provide requirements and guidance to automotive organizations with different degree of specifics. In this paper, we review a number of different cybersecurity relevant regulations such as UNR 155, UNR 156, AIS 189, AIS 190, GB 44495, GB 44496, EU Cyber Resilience Act, 15 CFR Part 791. We break down and categorize these regulations based on their scope and highlight key areas relevant to different teams within the organizations. These key areas include cybersecurity management system (CSMS), software update management system (SUMS), secure software development and software supply chain security, continuous cybersecurity activities (monitoring, incident response), and vulnerability disclosure and management. We then map responsibilities from the regulations
Oka, Dennis Kengo, Vadamalu, Raja Sangili
Regulatory Divergence in Autonomous Vehicle Deployment A Comparative Study of the US, EU, and China2026-26-02431/16/2026
Autonomous vehicle (AV) regulatory frameworks vary significantly across global regions, with the United States, European Union (EU), and China exemplifying distinct approaches. The US adopts a decentralized model, allowing state-level regulation with federal guidance, fostering testing and commercial deployment of Level 4 automation. The EU enforces a harmonized, safety-focused framework under legislation like Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2022/1426, emphasizing structured validation within defined operational domains. China employs a centralized regulatory hierarchy, integrating national standards with localized pilot programs and connected infrastructure. While the US leads in commercial deployment and China advances through coordinated efforts, the EU’s cautious framework is often perceived as a barrier to rapid AV adoption. This paper critically analyzes these regulatory models, emphasizing the need for a robust, harmonized framework that ensures safety and public trust
Lujan Tutusaus, Carlos, Hidalgo, Justin, Flix, Oriol
Overview of Indian Government Policies, Evolution of Indian Automotive Regulations and Striking balance approach for adoption2026-26-02421/16/2026
A well-regulated vehicle design and manufacturing instils driver and passengers' safety and comfort, and lays the foundation for safe and clean mobility. Evolution of Automotive regulation has a long legacy across the globe. India has been closely following the Automotive regulatory progress in the Europe as a cornerstone for technical harmonization, cross learning, gauge benefits and economic implications. Even though India being a developing country, it has not only shown its willingness to harmonize world's best practices but also been making right preparations towards safe and clean mobility. Adoption of BS-VI directly from BS-IV is a testament to India's commitment. While doing so, Government of India (GOI) has always been striking a balanced approach between harmonization of regulations and business implications (ground reality, TCO, business sustenance and growth). Given the above context, the paper explores about: i)Trajectory of evolution of Automotive regulations in India
Patil, Dharmarayagouda
Design & Optimization of CV shaft system to address powertrain induced NVH issues2026-26-03361/16/2026
The automotive industry is a crucial sector that plays a significant role globally. Government policies have a profound impact on this automotive industry in defining the regulatory standards and emission controls. Such regulations incentivized automakers to invest in research and development complying those standards towards reduction of vehicle emission which intern result in higher torsional vibrations and excitations amplitudes. To address the rising NVH related concerns in driveline system. Drive shafts (CV shafts) is an important component in power-train system in vehicle. Drive shaft’s main purpose to transfer torque from engines to wheels at multiple speeds with different articulation angles. The roughness generated by the engine follows a transfer path from engine to transaxle and transaxle to half shafts in monocoque vehicles which generates discomfort to the drivers whenever the vehicle is driven. The roughness can also be addressed by proper design of driveshaft stiffness
M A, Abdul Azarrudin, Jayachandran, Suresh kumar, KUMAR, SHIVANI, Bhardwaj, Kinshuk, M, DEVAMANALAN, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj
EV Battery Evolution in India: Challenges, Innovation, and Policy Synergy2026-26-01741/16/2026
In the pursuit of sustainable transportation and energy security, India is placing increased focus on addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) battery technology. As a cornerstone of EV performance and adoption, battery systems in India face critical issues such as high import dependency, limited local manufacturing capabilities, cost inefficiencies, safety concerns, and lack of standardized design frameworks. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India's evolving battery ecosystem, emphasizing indigenous design, development, and scalable in-house manufacturing under the "Make in India" initiative. It examines supportive government policies, strategic public-private partnerships, and the pivotal role of research institutions in fostering innovation and overcoming original equipment manufacturers' (OEMs) and end-users' concerns. It also focus on prototype product development challenges. Through detailed case studies, technological reviews
Thorat, Jalindar Sukhadev, Sandhu, Jivraj Singh, Kumar, Dharmendra
Electrifying the Giants: Green mobility solution for M&HCVs in India.2024-26-01311/16/2024
Diesel operated Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (M&HCV) account for nearly 70% of all road transportation in India which is expected to quadruple, from 4 million in 2022 to roughly 17 million trucks by 2050. Despite comprising a mere 5% of total vehicle fleet, they consume nearly 57% of fossil fuel used by the transport sector and responsible for 71% ,74% and 55% of CO2 ,PM and NOx emissions respectively. This necessities the transition of M&HCV into green mobility solution. Furthermore, smaller vehicles like 2W, 3W, 4 wheeler like cars and buses are adopting EV technology at a faster pace coupled with incentivization through government policies like FAME-I, FAME-II etc., advocates an immediate intervention on electrification of M&HCVs to multifold the impact. This paper suggests a collaborative approach amongst M&HCV manufactures and government agencies to realize the transition while integrating the benefits of reduced emissions, lower operating costs, quieter operation
Saurabh, Piyush, Giri, Debabrata
MULTI-ENVIRONMENT ACCELERATED DURABILITY TEST FOR EXHAUST SYSTEM FLANGE JOINTS2021-26-04729/22/2021
Accelerated testing is vital to meet stringent project timelines and is a key consideration for developing new testing methodology. Specifically, durability testing is one of the key fields of interest to deal with all aspects. Fatigue with exposure to multiple environments is a major cause of exhaust system flange joint failure. Physical verification of increased design life expectancy, demands longer testing time, while shorter time to market is main differentiator for competitiveness. Government policy induced timeline pressures added to the need of accelerated tests. The methodology described in this paper embraces these aspects to ensure a quicker flange joint testing, with due consideration to environmental impact. Until the BSVI norms, marginal leakage through the system joints was usual and acceptable. Stringent emission norms demand ‘near-zero’ leakage from exhaust systems. The system joints essentially being the most probable leakage zones, became the focus area
Dhumal, Sagar Prakash, Suryawanshi, Sachin, Mone, Manasi
Mobility Data Sharing AssessmentMDC000032021088/30/2021
The Mobility Data Collaborative and the Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) collaboratively developed a practical set of resources for organizations to ensure appropriate legal and policy review of mobility data sharing initiatives, as well as assess the fairness of these initiatives. Collectively, these resources make up the Mobility Data Sharing Assessment (MDSA): A Tool that provides a practical, customizable, and open-source assessment for organizations to conduct a self-assessment, An Infographic that provides a visual overview of the MDSA process, An Operator’s Manual that provides detailed instructions, guidance, and additional resources to assist organizations as they complete the Tool. The MDSA is designed to be a flexible and scalable process and to support transparent and accountable decision-making about how and when to share mobility data between organizations. This initial MDSA is intended for any organization or group that wants to share or receive mobility data related to
Mobility Data Collaborative
New Semiconductor Detector Shows Promise for Medical DiagnosticsTBMG-385582/1/2021
Northwestern University researchers have developed new devices based on a low-cost material to aid in the detection and identification of radioactive isotopes. Using cesium lead bromide in the form of perovskite crystals, the research team found that they were able to create highly efficient detectors in both small, portable devices for field researchers and in very large detectors. The results are more than a decade in the making.
The Life and Mysterious Death of Harold F. Pitcairn: Was it Suicide?F-0076-2020-1626010/5/2020
Harold F. Pitcairn, American aviation and Autogiro pioneer, died from a single gunshot wound to the head in the late evening hours of April 23, 1960 at the age of 62 after a gala evening at which he presided over a celebration attended by more than 450 guests for his brother's Raymond's 75th birthday. Initially labelled a suicide by the press, Pitcairn's widow Clara declared that "she never wanted to hear another word about the tragedy", while friends and friendly local authorities made the argument, duly reported by Frank Kingston Smith in Legacy of Wings, his devotional Pitcairn biography (subsidized by the Pitcairn family), that the death was accidental because "there was no note, no indication of depression or unhappiness" and "the police investigation disclosed that two shots had been fired; one had penetrated the ceiling directly over the desk in the first floor study, another had struck Pitcairn in the eye" and that "the next morning it was discovered the semi-automatic pistol
Bruce, Dr.
Potentials and Challenges of a Brake Particle Emission Collecting System2020-01-163510/5/2020
Brake particle emissions as a part of non-exhaust emissions are becoming more and more relevant, various international research activities can be stated. Also from the legislation side, first hints are given in regards of possible regulations. One possible approach for the reduction of brake particle emissions deals with the collection of those particles close to the foundation brake. The presented paper will follow such an approach and give some insights. In a first step, the technical layout is described for bench and vehicle testing. While for bench testing a PMP-like style of the setup could be chosen, the vehicle test setup is oriented on conventional wheel dust measurements. Hence, presented results of laboratory testing are dealing with PN and PM measurements. Also the impact on particle size distribution is discussed. It can be stated, that the particle collecting system is able to improve PN and PM emissions. Additionally, ultra-fine particles are almost eliminated. The
Gramstat, Sebastian, Hascoet, Matthieu, Rocca-Serra, Christophe, Adamczak, Loic
The Particle Number Counter as a “Black Box” - A Novel Approach to a Universal Particle Number Calibration Standard for Automotive Exhaust2020-01-21959/15/2020
The reduction of vehicle exhaust particle emissions is a success story of European legislation. Various particle number (PN) counters and calibration procedures serve as tools to enforce PN emission limits during vehicle type approval (VTA) or periodical technical inspection (PTI) of in-use vehicles. Although all devices and procedures apply to the same PN-metric, they were developed for different purposes, by different stakeholder groups and for different target costs and technical scopes. Furthermore, their calibration procedures were independently defined by different stakeholder communities. This frequently leads to comparability and interpretation issues. Systematic differences of stationary and mobile PN counters (PN-PEMS) are well-documented. New, low-cost PTI PN counters will aggravate this problem. Today, tools to directly compare different instruments are scarce. This is complicated by a dominance of proprietary, undisclosed or only partially disclosed manufacturer
Terres, Alexander, Bacher, Heinz, Ebert, Volker
Q&A: How Do You Protect Your IP?TBMG-369135/1/2020
Medical device companies are in a race to benefit humanity — and impress potential investors or acquirers in the process. They must stand out enough to be noticed, but this can put their good ideas on the radar of potential copiers. They must convince the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that their products are safe, while convincing buyers that their products are effective and different. How should medical device companies protect their intellectual property (IP) in this labyrinth? In this Q&A, Philip Nelson, a partner with Knobbe Martens, provides some insights for device companies facing these issues.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Building Government Trust in Avs128882/11/2020
The career journey of Brad Stertz, Director of Government Affairs at Audi, took him from the news desk to a leadership role in the automotive industry. Brad joins host Grayson Brulte at SAE's Government/Industry Meeting to talk about the importance of showcasing autonomous technology to local government officials as a way to create understanding and develop legislation. Throughout the conversation, Brad shares his insights on a number of government-related topics, including the differing AV policy laws in New York (6:50), California and Florida, as well as how the deployment of scooters in cities compares to AVs. Grayson and Brad discuss the importance of the perception of AV safety among public and government officials, focusing on the false narratives in the Autonomous Vehicle Engagement Reports, building trust and the AV Start Act.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE STANDARDS NEWS19AUTP11_0611/1/2019
SAE International's Global Ground Vehicle Standards group is planning a Legislation, Regulation, Enforcement Workshop in collaboration with the Washington Area New Automobile Dealers Association (WANADA) scheduled for January 21, 2020. This special event will be held just ahead of the 2020 SAE Government/Industry Meeting (GIM) in Washington, D.C., which is set for January 22-24. The new workshop will focus on how standards are used in regulation, enforcement and legislation at the U.S. federal and state level, as well as globally (United Nations Global Technical Regulations), according to SAE International's Bill Gouse, Federal Program Developer.
A “STEP” Forward for Product Lifecycle Management19AERP10_0210/1/2019
The existence of countless proprietary file formats and the exchange of 3D CAD data has been a significant problem since the beginning of 3D CAD modeling. CAD applications and methods using digital data are constantly changing, which predicates the need for a solution to share validated and accurately translated data. Thus the birth of STEP242. Companies who are adopting model-based processes and tools within their organizations are using ISO 10303 STEP Application Protocols AP242 and AP239 for both exchanging data as well as maintaining data for archival and retrieval. Long Term Data Archival and Retrieval (LOTAR) (http://www.lotar-international.org) is an International project sponsored by multiple consortiums for the standardization of the archival and retrieval of digital product and technical data. This project is ISO compliant and works across multi-CAD environments enabling stake holders to share 3D data within a Model-Based Environment (MBE) or a digital enterprise. To ensure
Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: September 201919AVEP099/5/2019
Editorial The new 'face' of privacy The Navigator No trust in AI systems without data protection Innovation Nation In the mobility space, Israel is rivaling Silicon Valley for smarts and start-ups - and beats it in chutzpah. Autonomy in your Face Biometric technology is deemed essential to ensuring AV driving safety and advancing the user experience-if privacy issues don't derail its deployment. About Face! To win acceptance, deployment of facial-recognition technology needs to fit within a picture-perfect consumer and legal framework that balances benefits with privacy protection. The Vehicle as Gaming Device Audi spin-off Holoride uses VR to turn the back seat into an entertainment platform. BlackBerry Tech Duo Sees Emergence of Vehicle-based Platforms Though likely to provide the OS of autonomy, BlackBerry also anticipates a larger shift to automobiles as software platforms. Improving Lidar - or Defeating It The buzz at Sensors Expo pitted lidar-tech optimism against the reality of
Editorial19AVEP09_019/1/2019
Although editor-in-chief Lindsay Brooke's cover story detailing the foundations of Israel's surging tech sector helps to explain the nation's expanding expertise in all things cyber-secure, much of this issue deals with security and privacy of another kind-the access we grant almost daily to all manner of digital “providers” of goods and services. The access we'll be expected to cede is in exchange for some of the promising new features of the looming connected-vehicle future.
Visnic, Bill
How Patent Landscape Studies Can Guide Medical Device InnovationTBMG-350989/1/2019
By design, the patent system generates a wealth of technical know-how with respect to new technologies. It chronicles the technical challenges others have faced in the past and how they solved those problems. This information is commonly referred to as the patent landscape and includes issued patents, pending and abandoned patent applications, and the prosecution history of such documents.
Messages for Handling Strings and Look-up Tables in ATIS StandardsJ2540_201906 (Current)6/11/2019
This SAE Standard defines methods and messages to efficiently translate sequences of text and other types of data into and out of indexed values and look-up tables for effective transmission. This document defines: a Methods and Data Elements for handling indexes and strings in ATIS applications and message sets b Message Sets to support the delivery and translations of tables used in such strings c Tables of Nationally standardized strings for use in ATIS message descriptions And examples of each in illustrative portions. While developed for ATIS use, the methods defined in this document are useful for any textual strings in any Telematics applications found both in Intelligent Vehicles and elsewhere.
V2X Core Technical Committee
Editorial: It's more than just a magazine19AVEP03_013/1/2019
This issue of Autonomous Vehicle Engineering marks its transition to a standalone publication, after debuting last year as a supplement to SAE International's longstanding flagship, Automotive Engineering. Your outsized response to AVE during its launch trajectory proves there is strong demand for credible and balanced coverage of the engineering behind automated driving. You've provided the critical mass to make AVE a viable (and from what you're telling us) must-read publication in both print and digital formats (www.sae.org). This magazine's mission aligns with that of SAE as a trusted convener and thought leader; we conceived AVE to be a unique platform for constructive dialogue-not just in the engineering community, but in the other disciplines touched by the potential for automated driving to transform society.
Visnic, Bill
EDITORIAL: Kill the EV tax credit by 202519AUTP03_063/1/2019
What role should government play in shifting consumer demand to cleaner forms of mobility? For the past decade, federal tax credits of up to $7,500 have helped woo a miniscule percentage of U.S. buyers into the plug-in electric-vehicle (EV) fold. The tax credits were key to the Obama administration's plan to have 1 million EVs on the road by 2015. That goal wasn't achieved until 2018, when U.S. market share of EVs reached a heady 2.1%-up from 0.62% in 2013.
Brooke, Lindsay
Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: January 201919AVEP011/8/2019
Editorial Trust, testing and transition SAE Standards News SAE updates J3016 automated-driving graphic View from a Visionary Chris Urmson helped give birth to vehicle autonomy. His company, Aurora, is leading the technology to maturity and widespread adoption. Extending EV Range Using AV Programming Intelligent programming of autonomous electric vehicles offers potentially big energy savings, according to a study by IAV. Intel Study: Autonomous Vehicles Expected to be Common-in 50 Years New U.S. consumer survey sees most Americans "expect" AVs, though many currently fear the technology. Europe's Latest AV Testing Facilities Key for Swift Autonomous Adoption The need for data sharing and commonality in burgeoning AV technologies is bringing new meaning to the words 'proving grounds.' End Public 'Shadow' Driving! The best way to test and train AI for autonomous vehicles is through proper simulation, systems engineering, and an end-state scenario matrix. A veteran engineer explains why
Open innovation practices in the automotive industry: an exploratory comparison between Brazil and France2018-36-02109/3/2018
A decade and a half after its conception, Open Innovation (OI) is still a growing topic in the academic community. The automotive industry, however, is no stranger to the subject and activities that are now known as OI practices have been an integral part to automotive new product development activities for decades. The purpose of the present study is to analyze how open innovation occurs in the automotive industry and to compare exploratory results between Brazil's and France's automaker industries. The study introduces a brief literature review concerning the topics of Product Development Process (PDP) and OI, paving the path towards the analyzed constructs. The chosen research approach was that of a survey, with 57 responses from Brazilian automakers and 15 from French. Questions were designed and then analyzed under three main constructs: barriers and perceived risks in implementing OI projects, the main actors involved in OI, and the main OI activities or practices performed by
Marin, Rafael, Kaminski, Paulo Carlos, Armellini, Fabiano, Bouchardy, Antoine
CFD Investigation of the Impact of Electrical Heating on the Light-off of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst2018-01-09614/3/2018
In the last years, as a response to the more and more restrictive emission legislation, new devices (SRC, DOC, NOx-trap, DPF) have been progressively introduced as standard components of modern after-treatment system for Diesel engines. In addition, the adoption of electrical heating is nowadays regarded with interest as an effective solution to promote the light-off of the catalyst at low temperature, especially at the start-up of the engine and during the low load operation of the engine typical of the urban drive. In this work, a state-of-the-art 48 V electrical heated catalyst is considered, in order to investigate its effect in increasing the abatement efficiency of a standard DOC. The electrical heating device considered is based on a metallic support, arranged in a spiral layout, and it is heated by the Joule effect due to the passage of the electrical current. As a result of the spiral arrangement, the distribution of the heat source on the heating section is not uniform
Della Torre, Augusto, Montenegro, Gianluca, Onorati, Angelo, Cerri, Tarcisio
Design and Development of Active On-Board Alcohol Detection System with Safety Features for Commercial Vehicles2018-01-06024/3/2018
Drink & drive has caused the increased rate of commercial vehicle accidents in the world due to the slow response to judgment and reasoning. According to research study 70% accidents are happened due to drunk & drive, it causes loss of human life and economic damage. Research has proven that drunk drivers exhibit aggressive driving behavior and apply more force during braking. While public health awareness and legal restrictions can assist in educating and discouraging people from drunk & drive, a more fool-proof method is not available in the market for commercial vehicles. Currently, a low cost, fail-safe onboard alcohol detection, and vehicle safety system is the need of the hour. This paper deals with the design & development of a low cost active onboard breath alcohol detection system and it’s on vehicle validation. Further, it explains the type of alcohol detection sensor used, controller design, logic programming and system packaging. An accurate, precise and contactless alcohol
Bakatwar, Rupesh, Yaser, K U Syed Taj, Jadhav, Sourabh, Bhargava, Aashish
Objective Method to Quantify Ecological Toxicity between Friction Materials2017-01-24959/17/2017
California and Washington recently passed legislation to limit certain constituents in brake pad friction materials. As part of the California (CA) legislation enacted in 2010, brake pad manufacturers need to perform an alternative assessment to identify potentially safer environmental and toxicological choices for future friction material production. Copper, chromium VI-salts, lead, cadmium, mercury, and other compounds have been identified as potentially unsafe to the environment. This paper contains the methodology behind an objective and comprehensive alternative assessment to quantify the ecological impact of friction materials. Utilizing raw material specific Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers and their associated toxicological reference values (TRVs), this newly defined method estimates the total toxicological impact of finished friction materials on both the environment and on a human carcinogenic level to allow the manufacturer to screen greener alternatives. Utilizing
Visser, Andrew M., Severnak, Scott
Compliance Verification Matrix (VM) Slash Sheet for AS6174A, Counterfeit Materiel; Assuring Acquisition of Authentic and Conforming MaterielAS6174/1 (Current)4/11/2017
The verification matrix (VM) in this slash sheet is intended for use to establish compliance to AS6174A. This slash sheet is applicable to AS6174A. Nothing in this slash sheet, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific exemption has been obtained through judicial/legal channels.
G-21 Counterfeit Materiel Committee
An Efficient Test Methodology for Combustion Engine Testing: Methods for Increasing Measurement Quality and Validity at the Engine Test Bench2017-01-06043/28/2017
Improving fuel efficiency while meeting relevant emission limits set by emissions legislation is among the main objectives of engine development. Simultaneously the development costs and development time have to be steadily reduced. For these reasons, the high demands in terms of quality and validity of measurements at the engine test bench are continuously rising. This paper will present a new methodology for efficient testing of an industrial combustion engine in order to improve the process of decision making for combustion-relevant component setups. The methodology includes various modules for increasing measurement quality and validity. Modules like stationary point detection to determine steady state engine behavior, signal quality checks to monitor the signal quality of chosen measurement signals and plausibility checks to evaluate physical relations between several measurement signals ensure a high measurement quality over all measurements. For increasing measurement validity
Friedrich, Christian, Compera, Yves, Auer, Matthias, Stiesch, Gunnar, Wachtmeister, Georg
Predictive Analytics in Automobile Industry: A Comparison between Artificial Intelligence and Econometrics2017-01-02383/28/2017
This study compares the model efficacy of Neural Network and Vector Auto Regression. Further it also analyses the impact of predictors controlling for total industry volume. Understanding both the methodologies has their distinctive advantages and disadvantages. Our empirical findings indicate that based on the characteristics of data such as non-stationary, non-linearity and non-normality paves the way for use of machine learning algorithm relative to econometrics technique. Our results suggest that data type and its characteristics are more important in determining the methodology than the methodology itself. In industry, econometrics methodologies are widely used due to their usage simplicity and its ability to explain the relationships in simple terms.
Shalini, Velappan, Krishnamurthy, Sridharan, Narasimhan, Srinivasan
Technology Evaluation for Two Wheeler Based Personal Mobility in Emerging Markets beyond 20202016-32-007411/8/2016
Personal mobility is evolving in the emerging markets, where the primary need for transportation is met with two wheelers. This reflects on the annual production volumes, which is forecasted to reach 160 million units by 2021[1]. Around 28% of this volume belong to electric two wheelers from China and the remaining are predominantly Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). With the regulators across the globe planning to enforce stricter emission norms in order to improve the air quality and owing to similar demand from the end customers, there is a need for technology to evolve towards harnessing the best energy efficiency using multiple technologies/architectures. However, considering that the majority of two wheelers are used by a population which is cost sensitive, it is imperative that efficient topologies need to be made available at affordable costs. The authors attempt to decipher this need for personal mobility coupled with the stringent regulations. This includes an effort to
Ramachandra, Pradeep, Halahali, Manohar, Anantha, Prashanth
A Droplet Size Investigation and Comparison Using a Novel Biomimetic Flash-Boiling Injector for AdBlue Injections2016-01-221110/17/2016
Increased research is being driven by the automotive industry facing challenges, requiring to comply with both current and future emissions legislation, and to lower the fuel consumption. The reason for this legislation is to restrict the harmful pollution which every year causes 3.3 million premature deaths worldwide [1]. One factor that causes this pollution is NOx emissions. NOx emission legislation has been reduced from 8 g/kWh (Euro I) down to 0.4 g/kWh (Euro VI) and recently new legislation for ammonia slip which increase the challenge of exhaust aftertreatment with a SCR system. In order to achieve a good NOx conversion together with a low slip of ammonia, small droplets of Urea solution needs to be injected which can be rapidly evaporated and mixed into the flow of exhaust gases. In most of today's solutions this process is enhanced with flow restricting mixers or longer path lengths but if these can be removed and shortened the flow losses can be reduced, leading to higher
Larsson, Peter, Lennard, Will, Andersson, Oivind, Tunestal, Per
NOx-Conversion and Activation Temperature of a SCR-Catalyst Whilst Using a Novel Biomimetic Flash-Boiling AdBlue Injector on a LD Engine2016-01-221210/17/2016
Yearly 3.3 million premature deaths occur worldwide due to air pollution and NOx pollution counts for nearly one seventh of those [1]. This makes exhaust after-treatment a very important research and has caused the permitted emission levels for NOx to decrease to very low levels, for EURO 6 only 0.4 g/kWh. Recently new legislation on ammonia slip with a limit of 10 ppm NH3 has been added [2], which makes the SCR-technology more challenging. This technology injects small droplets of an aqueous Urea solution into the stream of exhaust gases and through a catalytic reaction within the SCR-catalyst, NOx is converted into Nitrogen and Water. To enable the catalytic reaction the water content in the Urea solution needs to be evaporated and the ammonia molecules need to have sufficient time to mix with the gases prior to the catalyst. The μMist® platform technology, inspired by nature, uses heat in order to increase the fluid temperature above the required saturation temperature within its
Larsson, Peter, Lennard, Will, Dahlstrom, Jessica, Andersson, Oivind, Tunestal, Per
New Developments of an On-Vehicle Brake Pad Waste Collection System2016-01-19499/18/2016
The design of a braking system involves a delicate balance between the friction pair, the disc and pad, where the pad is a complex blend of constituents to provide predictable characteristics, typically, a known and consistent friction level. In its base form the brake has to absorb the vehicle kinetic energy by converting it into heat. This heat absorption by the friction pair can result in chemical and physical interactions with the release of debris about which we know little. Other than environmental concerns, brake dust causes unnecessary problems with wear, thermal gradients (hot banding) and NVH. This paper is concerned with the removal and collection of brake debris from the friction interface - the debris being regarded as solids and airborne particles, the latter less than 10μm in size. The test procedure consisted of a Burnish program followed by 8 different drive cycles. The overall effects of debris removal is then reported for each test. It will be shown that, by careful
Fieldhouse, John David, Gelb, Joe
Manual of Organization and ProcedureGEIAOP0001E (Current)6/16/2016
The TechAmerica Standards & Technology department is responsible for standardization activities, and provides other appropriate technical and engineering services within the scope of TechAmerica by-laws. Standardization activities shall include those associated with Business, Engineering, and Operations Management and Processes. All activities shall be conducted in accordance with appropriate legal guidance.
Systems Management Council
Engineering & Operations Council Organization and Operation ManualEIAEP2F (Current)6/16/2016
Systems Management Council
Style Manual for Standards and Other Publications of TechAmericaGEIAOP0002 (Current)6/16/2016
This style manual establishes requirements for the preparation of standards1) and certain other publications of TechAmerica. It also gives some indication with regard to presentation.
Systems Management Council
Engineering & Operations Council Guide for Committee Review of Government DocumentsEIAEP12A (Current)6/16/2016
Systems Management Council
CDIF - Framework for Modeling and ExtensibilityEIAIS107 (Current)6/15/2016
Systems Management Council
CDIF - Transfer Format Syntax - SYNTAX.1EIAIS109 (Current)6/15/2016
The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The standards which form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this Standard and the role that it plays in the CDIF Family of Standards
Systems Management Council
Overview on ANVC Systems and the Future with Smart Embedded Solutions2015-01-22156/15/2015
How to decrease noise and vibration exposure has been of interest for many years. Empirical data have indicated that too high dose values can create multiple problems to a human body - often severe. Some years back, the European Machinery Directive has increased the responsibility for manufacturers and employers to make sure limits are complying with legislation. Classical technology often consists of passive solutions aiming at trying to cut back on noise and vibration levels. For low frequency, these methods are often lacking the needed performance especially if weight should be considered at the same time. A smart combination of passive and active techniques can make a real difference. Today, with possibilities for low cost and embedded electronics and the rapid development of new actuators, a vast range of applications are possible for this combined combat approach, with a financial advantage as well. Today, multiple products also utilize embedded “electronic muscles,” able to
Lago, Thomas L.
City Readiness System Assessment of Electric Vehicle Adoption in China2015-01-04694/14/2015
The Chinese government initiated the “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles” program for electric vehicles from the year of 2009 to 2012. The demonstration results indicate that an integral city readiness system is required in the promotion of electric vehicles, including the government policies, charging infrastructure, after-sales service, business models and consumer awareness. Through the analysis of related literature and summary reports from 25 demonstration cities, a partial least squares (PLS) path model with 5 major factors and 13 observation indicators was developed to assess the city readiness of electric vehicle adoption. The 5 factors consist of government policies and investment, charging infrastructure construction and operation, business models and maintenance service system, consumer awareness education, operation scope and environmental benefits. Based on the PLS results, 25 cities are classified into 6 groups with the clustering analysis model. The assessment results show
Wang, Ning, Liu, Yafei
A New and Effective Approach for Knowledge Sharing among Indian Automotive Industry2015-26-00731/14/2015
Access to Knowledge resources around the world demands special skills and calls for judicious investments. Networking is an effective tool and building networks through consortia approach is dire need of the hour. Although this approach has been used in academia, its application in industry, especially among corporate entities, is rare. This paper describes in brief an optimised way to access databases, subscriptions & memberships of different technical societies from global platforms for research & progress of Indian automotive industry. It is imperative for Indian automotive industry to enhance and strengthen its knowledge resource base, particularly in product development and manufacturing domains. This will enable the industry to achieve its mission -“AMP-2016” of becoming a hub for global auto industry. Instead of “compete and grow,” an approach of “collaborate and grow” is thought of. It is proposed to have a knowledge-centric Initiative for Indian Automotive Industry namely The
Joshi, Ashutosh G.
Energy Metering MCUsTBMG-2113612/4/2014
Atmel(R) Corporation (San Jose, CA) has expanded its Atmel | SMART portfolio of energy metering products with the introduction of the SAM4C32 dual-core secure MCU, along with the SAM4CMS32 and SAM4CMP32 for residential, commercial and industrial metering applications. The new system-on-chip (SoC) solutions have 2MB of cache- enabled dual-bank flash and are pin-pin compatible with existing 512KB and 1MB devices in the portfolio. Atmel's SAM4Cx series are built on a dual-core 32-bit ARM(R) Cortex(R)-M4 architecture with flexible firmware metrology capability up to a class 0.2 accuracy designed to meet WELMEC requirements for the separation of legal metrology, applications and communications.
Configuration and Data Management ReferencesCMB6_1C (Current)10/1/2014
G-33 Configuration Management
A Methodology for the Derivation of Movement-and Load Spectra for Energy-Efficiency Test Cycles of Heavy Equipment Vehicles2014-01-23579/30/2014
As a result of the Kyoto Protocol [1], the European Union's legislation demands higher saving rates for the total energy consumption of technical equipment. Heavy Equipment, such as construction- and agricultural machines, contributes over 80% of the total off-road diesel fuel consumption in Germany per annum. It is therefore necessary to provide helpful solutions in order to reach this ambitious aim. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research cooperates with machine manufacturers, component suppliers and research institutes in the area of heavy equipment. Under the project name TEAM [2] a three year project has been started, which is focused on the development and integration of new propulsion and steering systems for heavy equipment. One task within the project is finding an appropriate way of evaluating the energy efficiency of the enhanced machines, after the powertrain modifications have been applied to it. The wide range of applicability, as well as the existence of
Scherer, Philipp, Geimer, Marcus
Development of Lens Condition Diagnosis for Lane Departure Warning by Using Outside Camera2014-01-01674/1/2014
Driver safety continues to be improved by advances in active safety technologies. One important example is Lane Departure Warning (LDW). European regulators soon will require LDW in big cars to reduce traffic accidents and New Car Assessment Programs in various countries will include LDW in a few years. Our focus is on rear cameras as sensing devices to recognize lane markers. Rear cameras are the most prevalent cameras for outside monitoring, and new Kids and Cars legislation will make them obligatory in the United States from 2014. As an affordable sensing system, we envision a rear camera which will function both as a rear-view monitoring device for drivers and as an LDW sensing device. However, there is a great difficulty involved in using the rear camera: water-droplets and dirt are directly attached to the lens surface, creating bad lens condition. The purpose of this study is to improve the durability of lane recognition systems when water-droplets and dirt are deposited on the
Takemura, Masayuki, Imai, Masato, Kiyohara, Masahiro, Irie, Kota, Sakata, Masao, Muramatsu, Shoji
Vehicle-Based Driver Interlocks: After 50 Years of Research, can we now Design an On-Board, Real-Time System to Detect Abnormal Driving Behavior?2014-01-02754/1/2014
In its simplest form, an interlock is a device, installed in a vehicle, that monitors the safety of the vehicle and its occupants, decides whether the vehicle or its occupants are in danger and warns the occupants, or influences the operation of the vehicle. The first interlocks were designed to detect alcohol intoxicated drivers. Three categories of performance interlocks can be identified: Type I interlocks sense physiological parameters of the driver (e.g. alcohol content of alveolar air) determine the driver's level of intoxication and, after comparing this level with a criterion level (e.g. the legal limit for driving), decide whether or not the vehicle should be operated. Type II interlocks measure the behaviour of the driver with cockpit-mounted equipment (e.g. eye movement monitors) or on driving-related tasks and compare this behaviour with established norms. Types III interlocks measure driving performance directly and compare the measured values with performance norms. The
Attwood, Dennis A.
Future Gasoline Engine Technology and the Effect on Thermal Management and Real World Fuel Consumption2013-01-02714/8/2013
Emissions legislation, fleet CO₂ targets and customer demands are driving the requirements for reducing fuel consumption. This is being achieved in the gasoline market in the near term through the adoption of engine downsizing. In order to reduce fuel consumption further and in the wider real-world operating region complimentary technologies are being investigated and applied to an extreme downsized engine. In this paper future gasoline engine technologies are applied and experimentally assessed in terms of fuel consumption improvement whilst the impact of subsequent loadings on the thermal management system have been simulated, both over drive cycle and using real-world drive data.
Miller, James, Taylor, James, Freeland, Paul, Warth, Marco, Dingelstadt, Rene, Mueller, Rolf
An Approach to Develop Energy Efficient Operation Strategies and Derivation of Requirements for Vehicle Subsystems Using the Vehicle Air Conditioning System as an Example2013-01-05684/8/2013
Rising oil prices and increasing strict emission legislation force vehicle manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption of future vehicles. In order to meet this target, the process of converting fuel into useable energy and the use of this energy by the different energy-consuming vehicle's subsystems have to be examined. Vehicles' subsystems consist of energy-supplying, energy-consuming, and in some cases energy-storing components. Due to the high complexity of these systems and their interaction, optimization of their energy efficiency is a challenging task. By introducing individual operational strategies for each subsystem, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency for a specific function. To further improve the vehicle's overall energy efficiency, holistic control strategies are introduced that distribute the energy between the subsystems intelligently. To exhaust the whole potential of a holistic control a certain number of degrees of freedom between energy supply and
Fritz, Michael, Gauterin, Frank, Frey, Michael, Wessling, Justus, Wohlfarth, Enrico, Oberfell, Ralf
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