Browse Topic: Legislation

Items (129)

Electrifying the Giants: Green mobility solution for M&HCVs in India.

2024-26-013101/16/2024

Diesel operated Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (M&HCV) account for nearly 70% of all road transportation in India which is expected to quadruple, from 4 million in 2022 to roughly 17 million trucks by 2050. Despite comprising a mere 5% of total vehicle fleet, they consume nearly 57% of fossil fuel used by the transport sector and responsible for 71% ,74% and 55% of CO2 ,PM and NOx emissions respectively. This necessities the transition of M&HCV into green mobility solution. Furthermore, smaller vehicles like 2W, 3W, 4 wheeler like cars and buses are adopting EV technology at a faster pace coupled with incentivization through government policies like FAME-I, FAME-II etc., advocates an immediate intervention on electrification of M&HCVs to multifold the impact. This paper suggests a collaborative approach amongst M&HCV manufactures and government agencies to realize the transition while integrating the benefits of reduced emissions, lower operating costs, quieter operation

Saurabh, Piyush, Giri, Debabrata

MULTI-ENVIRONMENT ACCELERATED DURABILITY TEST FOR EXHAUST SYSTEM FLANGE JOINTS

2021-26-047209/22/2021

Accelerated testing is vital to meet stringent project timelines and is a key consideration for developing new testing methodology. Specifically, durability testing is one of the key fields of interest to deal with all aspects. Fatigue with exposure to multiple environments is a major cause of exhaust system flange joint failure. Physical verification of increased design life expectancy, demands longer testing time, while shorter time to market is main differentiator for competitiveness. Government policy induced timeline pressures added to the need of accelerated tests. The methodology described in this paper embraces these aspects to ensure a quicker flange joint testing, with due consideration to environmental impact. Until the BSVI norms, marginal leakage through the system joints was usual and acceptable. Stringent emission norms demand ‘near-zero’ leakage from exhaust systems. The system joints essentially being the most probable leakage zones, became the focus area

Dhumal, Sagar Prakash, Suryawanshi, Sachin, Mone, Manasi

Mobility Data Sharing Assessment

MDC0000320210808/30/2021

The Mobility Data Collaborative and the Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) collaboratively developed a practical set of resources for organizations to ensure appropriate legal and policy review of mobility data sharing initiatives, as well as assess the fairness of these initiatives. Collectively, these resources make up the Mobility Data Sharing Assessment (MDSA): A Tool that provides a practical, customizable, and open-source assessment for organizations to conduct a self-assessment, An Infographic that provides a visual overview of the MDSA process, An Operator’s Manual that provides detailed instructions, guidance, and additional resources to assist organizations as they complete the Tool. The MDSA is designed to be a flexible and scalable process and to support transparent and accountable decision-making about how and when to share mobility data between organizations. This initial MDSA is intended for any organization or group that wants to share or receive mobility data related to

Mobility Data Collaborative

Potentials and Challenges of a Brake Particle Emission Collecting System

2020-01-163510/05/2020

Brake particle emissions as a part of non-exhaust emissions are becoming more and more relevant, various international research activities can be stated. Also from the legislation side, first hints are given in regards of possible regulations. One possible approach for the reduction of brake particle emissions deals with the collection of those particles close to the foundation brake. The presented paper will follow such an approach and give some insights. In a first step, the technical layout is described for bench and vehicle testing. While for bench testing a PMP-like style of the setup could be chosen, the vehicle test setup is oriented on conventional wheel dust measurements. Hence, presented results of laboratory testing are dealing with PN and PM measurements. Also the impact on particle size distribution is discussed. It can be stated, that the particle collecting system is able to improve PN and PM emissions. Additionally, ultra-fine particles are almost eliminated. The

Gramstat, Sebastian, Hascoet, Matthieu, Rocca-Serra, Christophe, Adamczak, Loic

The Particle Number Counter as a “Black Box” - A Novel Approach to a Universal Particle Number Calibration Standard for Automotive Exhaust

2020-01-219509/15/2020

The reduction of vehicle exhaust particle emissions is a success story of European legislation. Various particle number (PN) counters and calibration procedures serve as tools to enforce PN emission limits during vehicle type approval (VTA) or periodical technical inspection (PTI) of in-use vehicles. Although all devices and procedures apply to the same PN-metric, they were developed for different purposes, by different stakeholder groups and for different target costs and technical scopes. Furthermore, their calibration procedures were independently defined by different stakeholder communities. This frequently leads to comparability and interpretation issues. Systematic differences of stationary and mobile PN counters (PN-PEMS) are well-documented. New, low-cost PTI PN counters will aggravate this problem. Today, tools to directly compare different instruments are scarce. This is complicated by a dominance of proprietary, undisclosed or only partially disclosed manufacturer

Terres, Alexander, Bacher, Heinz, Ebert, Volker

Q&A: How Do You Protect Your IP?

TBMG-3691305/01/2020

Medical device companies are in a race to benefit humanity — and impress potential investors or acquirers in the process. They must stand out enough to be noticed, but this can put their good ideas on the radar of potential copiers. They must convince the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that their products are safe, while convincing buyers that their products are effective and different. How should medical device companies protect their intellectual property (IP) in this labyrinth? In this Q&A, Philip Nelson, a partner with Knobbe Martens, provides some insights for device companies facing these issues.

Guidelines for Mobility Data Sharing Governance and Contracting

MDC0000120200404/08/2020

Digitally enabled mobility vehicles and services, including dockless bikesharing and electric scooter sharing, are generating and collecting a growing amount of mobility data. Mobility data holds great potential to support transportation officials and their efforts to manage the public right-of-way, but the unlimited distribution of mobility data carries untested risks to privacy and public trust. The Mobility Data Collaborative™ has identified the need to improve and coordinate understanding among all parties around foundational policy and legal issues to support mobility data sharing, including privacy and contracting. The guidelines are geared towards supporting a scalable mobility data sharing framework that aligns the interests of the public and private sectors while addressing privacy, transparency, data ownership, and consumer trust.

Mobility Data Collaborative

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Building Government Trust in Avs

1288802/11/2020

The career journey of Brad Stertz, Director of Government Affairs at Audi, took him from the news desk to a leadership role in the automotive industry. Brad joins host Grayson Brulte at SAE's Government/Industry Meeting to talk about the importance of showcasing autonomous technology to local government officials as a way to create understanding and develop legislation. Throughout the conversation, Brad shares his insights on a number of government-related topics, including the differing AV policy laws in New York (6:50), California and Florida, as well as how the deployment of scooters in cities compares to AVs. Grayson and Brad discuss the importance of the perception of AV safety among public and government officials, focusing on the false narratives in the Autonomous Vehicle Engagement Reports, building trust and the AV Start Act.

Hineman, Marcie

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: September 2019

19AVEP0909/05/2019

Editorial The new 'face' of privacy The Navigator No trust in AI systems without data protection Innovation Nation In the mobility space, Israel is rivaling Silicon Valley for smarts and start-ups - and beats it in chutzpah. Autonomy in your Face Biometric technology is deemed essential to ensuring AV driving safety and advancing the user experience-if privacy issues don't derail its deployment. About Face! To win acceptance, deployment of facial-recognition technology needs to fit within a picture-perfect consumer and legal framework that balances benefits with privacy protection. The Vehicle as Gaming Device Audi spin-off Holoride uses VR to turn the back seat into an entertainment platform. BlackBerry Tech Duo Sees Emergence of Vehicle-based Platforms Though likely to provide the OS of autonomy, BlackBerry also anticipates a larger shift to automobiles as software platforms. Improving Lidar - or Defeating It The buzz at Sensors Expo pitted lidar-tech optimism against the reality of

Editorial

19AVEP09_0109/01/2019

Although editor-in-chief Lindsay Brooke's cover story detailing the foundations of Israel's surging tech sector helps to explain the nation's expanding expertise in all things cyber-secure, much of this issue deals with security and privacy of another kind-the access we grant almost daily to all manner of digital “providers” of goods and services. The access we'll be expected to cede is in exchange for some of the promising new features of the looming connected-vehicle future.

Visnic, Bill

EDITORIAL: Kill the EV tax credit by 2025

19AUTP03_0603/01/2019

What role should government play in shifting consumer demand to cleaner forms of mobility? For the past decade, federal tax credits of up to $7,500 have helped woo a miniscule percentage of U.S. buyers into the plug-in electric-vehicle (EV) fold. The tax credits were key to the Obama administration's plan to have 1 million EVs on the road by 2015. That goal wasn't achieved until 2018, when U.S. market share of EVs reached a heady 2.1%-up from 0.62% in 2013.

Brooke, Lindsay

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: January 2019

19AVEP0101/08/2019

Editorial Trust, testing and transition SAE Standards News SAE updates J3016 automated-driving graphic View from a Visionary Chris Urmson helped give birth to vehicle autonomy. His company, Aurora, is leading the technology to maturity and widespread adoption. Extending EV Range Using AV Programming Intelligent programming of autonomous electric vehicles offers potentially big energy savings, according to a study by IAV. Intel Study: Autonomous Vehicles Expected to be Common-in 50 Years New U.S. consumer survey sees most Americans "expect" AVs, though many currently fear the technology. Europe's Latest AV Testing Facilities Key for Swift Autonomous Adoption The need for data sharing and commonality in burgeoning AV technologies is bringing new meaning to the words 'proving grounds.' End Public 'Shadow' Driving! The best way to test and train AI for autonomous vehicles is through proper simulation, systems engineering, and an end-state scenario matrix. A veteran engineer explains why

Open innovation practices in the automotive industry: an exploratory comparison between Brazil and France

2018-36-021009/03/2018

A decade and a half after its conception, Open Innovation (OI) is still a growing topic in the academic community. The automotive industry, however, is no stranger to the subject and activities that are now known as OI practices have been an integral part to automotive new product development activities for decades. The purpose of the present study is to analyze how open innovation occurs in the automotive industry and to compare exploratory results between Brazil's and France's automaker industries. The study introduces a brief literature review concerning the topics of Product Development Process (PDP) and OI, paving the path towards the analyzed constructs. The chosen research approach was that of a survey, with 57 responses from Brazilian automakers and 15 from French. Questions were designed and then analyzed under three main constructs: barriers and perceived risks in implementing OI projects, the main actors involved in OI, and the main OI activities or practices performed by

Marin, Rafael, Kaminski, Paulo Carlos, Armellini, Fabiano, Bouchardy, Antoine

CFD Investigation of the Impact of Electrical Heating on the Light-off of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

2018-01-096104/03/2018

In the last years, as a response to the more and more restrictive emission legislation, new devices (SRC, DOC, NOx-trap, DPF) have been progressively introduced as standard components of modern after-treatment system for Diesel engines. In addition, the adoption of electrical heating is nowadays regarded with interest as an effective solution to promote the light-off of the catalyst at low temperature, especially at the start-up of the engine and during the low load operation of the engine typical of the urban drive. In this work, a state-of-the-art 48 V electrical heated catalyst is considered, in order to investigate its effect in increasing the abatement efficiency of a standard DOC. The electrical heating device considered is based on a metallic support, arranged in a spiral layout, and it is heated by the Joule effect due to the passage of the electrical current. As a result of the spiral arrangement, the distribution of the heat source on the heating section is not uniform

Della Torre, Augusto, Montenegro, Gianluca, Onorati, Angelo, Cerri, Tarcisio

Design and Development of Active On-Board Alcohol Detection System with Safety Features for Commercial Vehicles

2018-01-060204/03/2018

Drink & drive has caused the increased rate of commercial vehicle accidents in the world due to the slow response to judgment and reasoning. According to research study 70% accidents are happened due to drunk & drive, it causes loss of human life and economic damage. Research has proven that drunk drivers exhibit aggressive driving behavior and apply more force during braking. While public health awareness and legal restrictions can assist in educating and discouraging people from drunk & drive, a more fool-proof method is not available in the market for commercial vehicles. Currently, a low cost, fail-safe onboard alcohol detection, and vehicle safety system is the need of the hour. This paper deals with the design & development of a low cost active onboard breath alcohol detection system and it’s on vehicle validation. Further, it explains the type of alcohol detection sensor used, controller design, logic programming and system packaging. An accurate, precise and contactless alcohol

Bakatwar, Rupesh, Yaser, K U Syed Taj, Jadhav, Sourabh, Bhargava, Aashish

New Device Helps Diagnose and Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases

TBMG-2813301/01/2018

École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland

Objective Method to Quantify Ecological Toxicity between Friction Materials

2017-01-249509/17/2017

California and Washington recently passed legislation to limit certain constituents in brake pad friction materials. As part of the California (CA) legislation enacted in 2010, brake pad manufacturers need to perform an alternative assessment to identify potentially safer environmental and toxicological choices for future friction material production. Copper, chromium VI-salts, lead, cadmium, mercury, and other compounds have been identified as potentially unsafe to the environment. This paper contains the methodology behind an objective and comprehensive alternative assessment to quantify the ecological impact of friction materials. Utilizing raw material specific Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers and their associated toxicological reference values (TRVs), this newly defined method estimates the total toxicological impact of finished friction materials on both the environment and on a human carcinogenic level to allow the manufacturer to screen greener alternatives. Utilizing

Visser, Andrew M., Severnak, Scott

Compliance Verification Matrix (VM) Slash Sheet for AS6174A, Counterfeit Materiel; Assuring Acquisition of Authentic and Conforming Materiel

AS6174/1 (Current)04/11/2017

The verification matrix (VM) in this slash sheet is intended for use to establish compliance to AS6174A. This slash sheet is applicable to AS6174A. Nothing in this slash sheet, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific exemption has been obtained through judicial/legal channels.

G-21 Counterfeit Materiel Committee

An Efficient Test Methodology for Combustion Engine Testing: Methods for Increasing Measurement Quality and Validity at the Engine Test Bench

2017-01-060403/28/2017

Improving fuel efficiency while meeting relevant emission limits set by emissions legislation is among the main objectives of engine development. Simultaneously the development costs and development time have to be steadily reduced. For these reasons, the high demands in terms of quality and validity of measurements at the engine test bench are continuously rising. This paper will present a new methodology for efficient testing of an industrial combustion engine in order to improve the process of decision making for combustion-relevant component setups. The methodology includes various modules for increasing measurement quality and validity. Modules like stationary point detection to determine steady state engine behavior, signal quality checks to monitor the signal quality of chosen measurement signals and plausibility checks to evaluate physical relations between several measurement signals ensure a high measurement quality over all measurements. For increasing measurement validity

Friedrich, Christian, Compera, Yves, Auer, Matthias, Stiesch, Gunnar, Wachtmeister, Georg

Technology Evaluation for Two Wheeler Based Personal Mobility in Emerging Markets beyond 2020

2016-32-007411/08/2016

Personal mobility is evolving in the emerging markets, where the primary need for transportation is met with two wheelers. This reflects on the annual production volumes, which is forecasted to reach 160 million units by 2021[1]. Around 28% of this volume belong to electric two wheelers from China and the remaining are predominantly Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). With the regulators across the globe planning to enforce stricter emission norms in order to improve the air quality and owing to similar demand from the end customers, there is a need for technology to evolve towards harnessing the best energy efficiency using multiple technologies/architectures. However, considering that the majority of two wheelers are used by a population which is cost sensitive, it is imperative that efficient topologies need to be made available at affordable costs. The authors attempt to decipher this need for personal mobility coupled with the stringent regulations. This includes an effort to

Ramachandra, Pradeep, Halahali, Manohar, Anantha, Prashanth

A Droplet Size Investigation and Comparison Using a Novel Biomimetic Flash-Boiling Injector for AdBlue Injections

2016-01-221110/17/2016

Increased research is being driven by the automotive industry facing challenges, requiring to comply with both current and future emissions legislation, and to lower the fuel consumption. The reason for this legislation is to restrict the harmful pollution which every year causes 3.3 million premature deaths worldwide [1]. One factor that causes this pollution is NOx emissions. NOx emission legislation has been reduced from 8 g/kWh (Euro I) down to 0.4 g/kWh (Euro VI) and recently new legislation for ammonia slip which increase the challenge of exhaust aftertreatment with a SCR system. In order to achieve a good NOx conversion together with a low slip of ammonia, small droplets of Urea solution needs to be injected which can be rapidly evaporated and mixed into the flow of exhaust gases. In most of today's solutions this process is enhanced with flow restricting mixers or longer path lengths but if these can be removed and shortened the flow losses can be reduced, leading to higher

Larsson, Peter, Lennard, Will, Andersson, Oivind, Tunestal, Per

NOx-Conversion and Activation Temperature of a SCR-Catalyst Whilst Using a Novel Biomimetic Flash-Boiling AdBlue Injector on a LD Engine

2016-01-221210/17/2016

Yearly 3.3 million premature deaths occur worldwide due to air pollution and NOx pollution counts for nearly one seventh of those [1]. This makes exhaust after-treatment a very important research and has caused the permitted emission levels for NOx to decrease to very low levels, for EURO 6 only 0.4 g/kWh. Recently new legislation on ammonia slip with a limit of 10 ppm NH3 has been added [2], which makes the SCR-technology more challenging. This technology injects small droplets of an aqueous Urea solution into the stream of exhaust gases and through a catalytic reaction within the SCR-catalyst, NOx is converted into Nitrogen and Water. To enable the catalytic reaction the water content in the Urea solution needs to be evaporated and the ammonia molecules need to have sufficient time to mix with the gases prior to the catalyst. The μMist® platform technology, inspired by nature, uses heat in order to increase the fluid temperature above the required saturation temperature within its

Larsson, Peter, Lennard, Will, Dahlstrom, Jessica, Andersson, Oivind, Tunestal, Per

New Developments of an On-Vehicle Brake Pad Waste Collection System

2016-01-194909/18/2016

The design of a braking system involves a delicate balance between the friction pair, the disc and pad, where the pad is a complex blend of constituents to provide predictable characteristics, typically, a known and consistent friction level. In its base form the brake has to absorb the vehicle kinetic energy by converting it into heat. This heat absorption by the friction pair can result in chemical and physical interactions with the release of debris about which we know little. Other than environmental concerns, brake dust causes unnecessary problems with wear, thermal gradients (hot banding) and NVH. This paper is concerned with the removal and collection of brake debris from the friction interface - the debris being regarded as solids and airborne particles, the latter less than 10μm in size. The test procedure consisted of a Burnish program followed by 8 different drive cycles. The overall effects of debris removal is then reported for each test. It will be shown that, by careful

Fieldhouse, John David, Gelb, Joe

Engineering & Operations Council Guide for Committee Review of Government Documents

EIAEP12A (Current)06/16/2016

Systems Management Council

Engineering & Operations Council Organization and Operation Manual

EIAEP2F (Current)06/16/2016

Systems Management Council

CDIF - Transfer Format Syntax - SYNTAX.1

EIAIS109 (Current)06/15/2016

The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The standards which form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this Standard and the role that it plays in the CDIF Family of Standards

Systems Management Council

Overview on ANVC Systems and the Future with Smart Embedded Solutions

2015-01-221506/15/2015

How to decrease noise and vibration exposure has been of interest for many years. Empirical data have indicated that too high dose values can create multiple problems to a human body - often severe. Some years back, the European Machinery Directive has increased the responsibility for manufacturers and employers to make sure limits are complying with legislation. Classical technology often consists of passive solutions aiming at trying to cut back on noise and vibration levels. For low frequency, these methods are often lacking the needed performance especially if weight should be considered at the same time. A smart combination of passive and active techniques can make a real difference. Today, with possibilities for low cost and embedded electronics and the rapid development of new actuators, a vast range of applications are possible for this combined combat approach, with a financial advantage as well. Today, multiple products also utilize embedded “electronic muscles,” able to

Lago, Thomas L.

City Readiness System Assessment of Electric Vehicle Adoption in China

2015-01-046904/14/2015

The Chinese government initiated the “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles” program for electric vehicles from the year of 2009 to 2012. The demonstration results indicate that an integral city readiness system is required in the promotion of electric vehicles, including the government policies, charging infrastructure, after-sales service, business models and consumer awareness. Through the analysis of related literature and summary reports from 25 demonstration cities, a partial least squares (PLS) path model with 5 major factors and 13 observation indicators was developed to assess the city readiness of electric vehicle adoption. The 5 factors consist of government policies and investment, charging infrastructure construction and operation, business models and maintenance service system, consumer awareness education, operation scope and environmental benefits. Based on the PLS results, 25 cities are classified into 6 groups with the clustering analysis model. The assessment results show

Wang, Ning, Liu, Yafei

A New and Effective Approach for Knowledge Sharing among Indian Automotive Industry

2015-26-007301/14/2015

Access to Knowledge resources around the world demands special skills and calls for judicious investments. Networking is an effective tool and building networks through consortia approach is dire need of the hour. Although this approach has been used in academia, its application in industry, especially among corporate entities, is rare. This paper describes in brief an optimised way to access databases, subscriptions & memberships of different technical societies from global platforms for research & progress of Indian automotive industry. It is imperative for Indian automotive industry to enhance and strengthen its knowledge resource base, particularly in product development and manufacturing domains. This will enable the industry to achieve its mission -“AMP-2016” of becoming a hub for global auto industry. Instead of “compete and grow,” an approach of “collaborate and grow” is thought of. It is proposed to have a knowledge-centric Initiative for Indian Automotive Industry namely The

Joshi, Ashutosh G.

Energy Metering MCUs

TBMG-2113612/04/2014

Atmel(R) Corporation (San Jose, CA) has expanded its Atmel | SMART portfolio of energy metering products with the introduction of the SAM4C32 dual-core secure MCU, along with the SAM4CMS32 and SAM4CMP32 for residential, commercial and industrial metering applications. The new system-on-chip (SoC) solutions have 2MB of cache- enabled dual-bank flash and are pin-pin compatible with existing 512KB and 1MB devices in the portfolio. Atmel's SAM4Cx series are built on a dual-core 32-bit ARM(R) Cortex(R)-M4 architecture with flexible firmware metrology capability up to a class 0.2 accuracy designed to meet WELMEC requirements for the separation of legal metrology, applications and communications.

Configuration and Data Management References

CMB6_1C (Current)10/01/2014

G-33 Configuration Management

A Methodology for the Derivation of Movement-and Load Spectra for Energy-Efficiency Test Cycles of Heavy Equipment Vehicles

2014-01-235709/30/2014

As a result of the Kyoto Protocol [1], the European Union's legislation demands higher saving rates for the total energy consumption of technical equipment. Heavy Equipment, such as construction- and agricultural machines, contributes over 80% of the total off-road diesel fuel consumption in Germany per annum. It is therefore necessary to provide helpful solutions in order to reach this ambitious aim. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research cooperates with machine manufacturers, component suppliers and research institutes in the area of heavy equipment. Under the project name TEAM [2] a three year project has been started, which is focused on the development and integration of new propulsion and steering systems for heavy equipment. One task within the project is finding an appropriate way of evaluating the energy efficiency of the enhanced machines, after the powertrain modifications have been applied to it. The wide range of applicability, as well as the existence of

Scherer, Philipp, Geimer, Marcus

Vehicle-Based Driver Interlocks: After 50 Years of Research, can we now Design an On-Board, Real-Time System to Detect Abnormal Driving Behavior?

2014-01-027504/01/2014

In its simplest form, an interlock is a device, installed in a vehicle, that monitors the safety of the vehicle and its occupants, decides whether the vehicle or its occupants are in danger and warns the occupants, or influences the operation of the vehicle. The first interlocks were designed to detect alcohol intoxicated drivers. Three categories of performance interlocks can be identified: Type I interlocks sense physiological parameters of the driver (e.g. alcohol content of alveolar air) determine the driver's level of intoxication and, after comparing this level with a criterion level (e.g. the legal limit for driving), decide whether or not the vehicle should be operated. Type II interlocks measure the behaviour of the driver with cockpit-mounted equipment (e.g. eye movement monitors) or on driving-related tasks and compare this behaviour with established norms. Types III interlocks measure driving performance directly and compare the measured values with performance norms. The

Attwood, Dennis A.

Development of Lens Condition Diagnosis for Lane Departure Warning by Using Outside Camera

2014-01-016704/01/2014

Driver safety continues to be improved by advances in active safety technologies. One important example is Lane Departure Warning (LDW). European regulators soon will require LDW in big cars to reduce traffic accidents and New Car Assessment Programs in various countries will include LDW in a few years. Our focus is on rear cameras as sensing devices to recognize lane markers. Rear cameras are the most prevalent cameras for outside monitoring, and new Kids and Cars legislation will make them obligatory in the United States from 2014. As an affordable sensing system, we envision a rear camera which will function both as a rear-view monitoring device for drivers and as an LDW sensing device. However, there is a great difficulty involved in using the rear camera: water-droplets and dirt are directly attached to the lens surface, creating bad lens condition. The purpose of this study is to improve the durability of lane recognition systems when water-droplets and dirt are deposited on the

Takemura, Masayuki, Imai, Masato, Kiyohara, Masahiro, Irie, Kota, Sakata, Masao, Muramatsu, Shoji

Future Gasoline Engine Technology and the Effect on Thermal Management and Real World Fuel Consumption

2013-01-027104/08/2013

Emissions legislation, fleet CO₂ targets and customer demands are driving the requirements for reducing fuel consumption. This is being achieved in the gasoline market in the near term through the adoption of engine downsizing. In order to reduce fuel consumption further and in the wider real-world operating region complimentary technologies are being investigated and applied to an extreme downsized engine. In this paper future gasoline engine technologies are applied and experimentally assessed in terms of fuel consumption improvement whilst the impact of subsequent loadings on the thermal management system have been simulated, both over drive cycle and using real-world drive data.

Miller, James, Taylor, James, Freeland, Paul, Warth, Marco, Dingelstadt, Rene, Mueller, Rolf

An Approach to Develop Energy Efficient Operation Strategies and Derivation of Requirements for Vehicle Subsystems Using the Vehicle Air Conditioning System as an Example

2013-01-056804/08/2013

Rising oil prices and increasing strict emission legislation force vehicle manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption of future vehicles. In order to meet this target, the process of converting fuel into useable energy and the use of this energy by the different energy-consuming vehicle's subsystems have to be examined. Vehicles' subsystems consist of energy-supplying, energy-consuming, and in some cases energy-storing components. Due to the high complexity of these systems and their interaction, optimization of their energy efficiency is a challenging task. By introducing individual operational strategies for each subsystem, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency for a specific function. To further improve the vehicle's overall energy efficiency, holistic control strategies are introduced that distribute the energy between the subsystems intelligently. To exhaust the whole potential of a holistic control a certain number of degrees of freedom between energy supply and

Fritz, Michael, Gauterin, Frank, Frey, Michael, Wessling, Justus, Wohlfarth, Enrico, Oberfell, Ralf

OCT 2012 AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

AUTODES101210/25/2012

Democratisation of Technology Ian Adcock caught up with Andreas Schamel, Quest for the self-propelled car A team of experts is working to integrate batteries into structural components, in a move that could not only lead to the efficiency and range of vehicles being increased, but ultimately see them powered by their own body structures. Ryan Borroff reports Flexible and intelligent Engine management systems are becoming increasingly complex, in order to cope with a wider range of fuels, as well as tougher legislation. Chris Edwards reports

Use of Highly Integrated Components in the Design of Small Gasoline Engine Controllers

2012-32-004610/23/2012

As small gasoline engines evolve similar to their larger automotive cousins to use more sophisticated electronic engine controls, new challenges will face the small engine manufacturers. Constraints in size and cost as well as having to meet new emission and fuel efficiency standards, driven by recent legislation, will hasten the progression from magneto and CDI (Capacitive Discharge Ignition) to TCI (Transistor Controlled Ignition), EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) and ultimately, DFI (Direct Fuel Injection). The rapid miniaturization of electronic components, as a side benefit of the new smart phone and tablet market explosion, will help the manufacturers meet these challenges but new system and circuit topologies will also be required. This paper will discuss one of these new topologies, the Multiple Chip Module (MCM), and how the integration of analog circuits and microcomputers into a single SiP (System in Package) MCM can be a benefit. Included in the paper are the advantages and

Ferrara, Ralph

California - Department of Motor Vehicles/Clean Air Vehicle Decals

RS-BNA-OCT_12_0110/05/2012

Final rule of the Department of Motor Vehicles amends regulations under 13 CCR 156.00 and 156.01 regarding clean air vehicle decals. The rule requires the affixing of clean air vehicle decals in a consistent manner so that they are clearly visible. The rule also updates the form to request a decal (Form REG 1000). The rule is effective Oct. 25, 2012. Contact: Debbie Cockrill; DMV, Legal Affairs Division; (916-657-6469)

Integrating In-Wheel Motors into Vehicles - Real-World Experiences

2012-01-103704/16/2012

Compact direct drive in-wheel motors with integrated inverters, control and brakes offer a number of distinct advantages compared to conventional electric drive systems. The most obvious being that the drivetrain is now packaged within the wheel freeing up space elsewhere, in addition many driveline components and their associated losses are eliminated and the vehicle efficiency, response and handling can be improved. In new vehicle applications this allows complete freedom for designers to optimize the vehicle layout, have more usable space inside the vehicle body and enables revolutionary vehicle concepts (which will become more important as road space becomes scarce and taxation measures migrate towards vehicle size). In retrofit applications the compact package allows an electric drive to be added to any existing vehicle without requiring any significant disruption to the vehicle platform to keep integration costs down. This represents an opportunity for OEM's to hybridize their

Watts, Andy, Vallance, Andrew, Fraser, Al, Whitehead, Andrew, Hilton, Christopher, Monkhouse, Helen, Barrie-Smith, John, George, Sunoj, Ellims, Michael

On-Site Checks of the Particle Number Measurement Systems with Polydisperse Aerosol

2012-01-087304/16/2012

Since 2011 a particle number (PN) limit was introduced in the European light-duty diesel vehicles legislation. The PN measurement systems consist of i) a hot diluter and an evaporation tube at 300-400°C for the removal of the volatiles (Volatile Particle Remover, VPR) and ii) a particle number counter (PNC) with a 50% cut-point (cut-off) at 23 nm. The PN measurement systems are calibrated and validated annually with monodisperse aerosol: The VPR for the particle concentration reduction factor (PCRF) and the PNC for the linearity and the cut-off size. However, there are concerns that the PN measurement systems can drift significantly over this period of time, raising concerns regarding the validity of the previous measurements, especially if the yearly validation fails. In this paper we describe some relatively fast and simple on-site checks for the evaluation of the proper operation of the PN measurement systems with polydisperse aerosol, thus avoiding the need of electrostatic

Giechaskiel, Barouch, Bergmann, Alexander

Data Management

GEIA859A (Historical)04/01/2012

Data is information (e.g., concepts, thoughts, and opinions) that have been recorded in a form that is convenient to move or process. Data may represent tables of values of various types (numbers, characters, and so on). Data can also take more complex forms such as engineering drawings and other documents, software, pictures, maps, sound, and animation. For the purpose of this standard, Table 1 lists three broad types of data, indicates how each is used, and provides examples of each. Data management, from the perspective of this standard, consists of the disciplined processes and systems that plan for, acquire, and provide stewardship for product and product-related business data, consistent with requirements, throughout the product and data life cycles. Thus, this standard primarily addresses product data and the business data required for collaboration from the team level or extended through the trading partner level during product acquisition and sustainment. It is recognized

EIDM Enterprise Information and Data Management

Integrating Formal Model Checking with the RTEdge™ AADL Microkernel

11VATC4070003/21/2012

Edgewater Computer Systems Inc. product RTEdge Platform 1.2 is a software toolset supporting proof based engineering, implementation and deployment of software components, built using the RTEdge AADL Microkernel modeling subset. This is a small subset of the AADL component model and execution semantics, covering threads and thread-groups communicating solely through asynchronous event ports and through explicitly shared data ports. Threads behavior is expressed as state machines and dispatch run time semantics is encoded in a Run-time Executive, enforcing pre-emptive priority dispatch based on statically assigned event priorities, with ceiling priority protocol access to shared data. This simple AADL microkernel semantic core can support all dispatch policies, communication and synchronization mechanisms of a fully fledged AADL run time environment, permitting the systematic use of the RTEdge static analysis tools for AADL compliant software components. The objective of our work was to

Gheorghe, Serban

Integrating Formal Model Checking with the RTEdge™ AADL Microkernel

2011-01-253110/18/2011

Edgewater Computer Systems Inc. product RTEdge™ Platform 1.2 is a software toolset supporting proof-based engineering, implementation and deployment of software components, built using the RTEdge™ AADL Microkernel modeling subset. This is a small subset of the AADL component model and execution semantics, covering threads and thread-groups communicating solely through asynchronous event ports and through explicitly shared data ports. Threads behavior is expressed as state machines and dispatch run time semantics is encoded in a Run-time Executive, enforcing pre-emptive priority dispatch based on statically assigned event priorities, with ceiling priority protocol access to shared data. This simple AADL microkernel semantic core can support all dispatch policies, communication and synchronization mechanisms of a fully fledged AADL run time environment, permitting the systematic use of the RTEdge™ static analysis tools for AADL-compliant software components. The objective of our work was

Gheorghe, Serban

The Technical Efficiency of Chennai Auto Industry Cluster

2011-28-010010/06/2011

The Chennai is an one of Automotive hub of India due to it's Automotive Industry presence producing over 40% of the India's Vehicle and Components. During 2001-02, the Automotive Component Industries(ACI) in Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai has faced problems on infrastructure(Approach Road, Storm water drainage system, Sewerage System, Sewage treatment plant, Solid Waste Management, Landscaping, Street Lighting and Logistics/ Parking), technology, procurement, production and marketing. In the year 2004-05 under the Cluster Development Approach (CDA), they formed Auto Cluster (AC) got grant under Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme from Government of India under Public Private Partnership Concept and implemented UNIDO-AIEMA Auto Cluster Supplier Development Programme under Consolidated Project for SME development in India. Due to this the infrastructure, technology, procurement, production and marketing interrelationships taken place among ACI. The objective is to find the

Bhaskaran, E.

Improving Program Management Through Web-Enabled “PLM for All”

2011-01-052004/12/2011

Today's engineers must meet program management demands within the context of the challenges facing the industry as a whole. Resource scarcity, both people and capital, is forcing the automotive industry to optimize the deployment and consumption of enterprise resources. As globally dispersed project teams become more commonplace, efficient and effective communication across geographies is critical. Market segmentation and technology are influencing how well manufacturers deliver products within performance and timing guidelines. Future success means providing global engineering teams with state- of- the- art tools and processes to unify disparate business groups in a virtual workspace -24/7. The solution to this is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), a strategic business approach that supports collaborative creation across the enterprise and all stakeholders. PLM solutions link information from different authoring tools and others systems to the developing product configuration

Baughey, Kevin

Astronaut Health Participant Summary Application

TBMG-900301/01/2011

The Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH) Participant Summary software captures data based on a custom information model designed to gather all relevant, discrete medical events for its study participants. This software provides a summarized view of the study participant’s entire medical record. The manual collapsing of all the data in a participant’s medical record into a summarized form eliminates redundancy, and allows for the capture of entire medical events. The coding tool could be incorporated into commercial electronic medical record software for use in areas like public health surveillance, hospital systems, clinics, and medical research programs.

Sauer-Danfoss - Managing tomorrow's big challenges with today's limited resources

10OFHD0803_1008/03/2010

Executive Viewpoints-Vehicle Development Insights from Industry: Driving Factors for Future Innovation. While dealing with the unpleasant results of the last year, engineering teams also undoubtedly looked toward the future-most specifically, at new regulations that are in place or on the near horizon. New EU functional safety standards, the advent of Tier 4 in the U.S. and Stage IV in Europe, and the continuing end-user demands of a better operator experience are all compelling events that must be addressed. On top of (or perhaps in spite of) these new regulations, customers demand these machines more quickly than ever, and OEM senior management teams require machines that differentiate themselves in the market. Even through these tough times, Sauer-Danfoss has been working as part of our customers' development teams to take on these big challenges. Despite the downturn, our test lab and research work has continued. We've taken a vehicle-by-vehicle approach to expand our applications

Weston, Marc

Dr. Scott Barthelmy, Research Scientist, Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

TBMG-545807/01/2009

Dr. Scott Barthelmy is the principal investigator for the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), a sophisticated instrument that detects and precisely locates elusive gamma-ray bursts in the universe. Developed as part of NASA’s Swift mission, the instrument technology is now being considered for a variety of homeland security applications because of its ability to pinpoint and identify nuclear materials – both legal and illegal – in transit or storage. Dr. Barthelmy also created the Gamma-Ray Bursts Coordinates Network (GCN) to distribute data collected on gamma-ray bursts to researchers throughout the world in real time.

HDF-EOS 5 Validator

TBMG-344112/01/2008

A computer program partly automates the task of determining whether an HDF-EOS 5 file is valid in that it conforms to specifications for such characteristics as attribute names, dimensionality of data products, and ranges of legal data values. [“HDF-EOS” and variants thereof are defined in “Converting EOS Data From HDF-EOS to netCDF” (GSC-15007-1), which is the first of several preceding articles in this issue of NASA Tech Briefs.] Previously, validity of a file was determined in a tedious and error-prone process in which a person examined human-readable dumps of data-file-format information.

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