Browse Topic: Retrofitting

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Hybrid-Electric Powertrain Design for Enhanced Vehicle PerformanceF-0081-2025-03695/20/2025
Electrification could improve full-size rotorcraft performance by reducing peak turbine power demand, reducing transmission system weight and complexity, and reducing operating costs. Integrating electric machines with mechanical powertrains requires careful consideration of the system-level weight and efficiency impacts. This paper presents an optimization framework for evaluating parallel hybrid powertrain configurations using Geometric Programming (GP). Both retrofit and clean-sheet vehicle designs are considered. The results show that high-speed electric motors integrated into a parallel hybrid configuration using batteries can reduce the sized gas turbine power, enabling more efficient engine operation at lower power levels. For retrofit designs, with a fixed vehicle gross weight, adding batteries and motors reduces usable fuel, decreasing mission capability. Clean-sheet designs offer additional flexibility to re-size the vehicle and rotor, resulting in energy savings for an equivalent design mission.
VanLandingham, Aaron, Hall, David, Smith, Edward, Bill, Robert
Kiekert unveils automatic-door tech for autonomous vehicles18AUTP01_131/1/2018
A new electronic side door latch is the prelude to vehicle side doors that automatically open and close on command. “Our endgame is about providing a system in which the side doors automatically open when an autonomously-driven car arrives for passengers,” said Hector Verde, Director of Product Development for the Americas at Kiekert. Those doors would also close automatically after the occupants are in the vehicle. All this could happen with just the push of a button or sensor recognition, he added.
Buchholz, Kami
Supporting Hinge Arrangement for Heavy Weight Side Opening Tailgate2014-01-03524/1/2014
The tailgate is the fifth or the rearmost door of an SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle)[1]. It can be side opening or top opening. It is attached to the BIW (Body In White) with two hinge arrangement. The hinges are designed to take the cantilever load of a normal side opening tailgate along with the passenger ingress/egress load. This means that apart from the doors own weight, the hinges have to take the extra load which a passenger exerts on it by resting his/her forehand on the handle. The hinges are designed to take these loads and under normal circumstances, they do not fail for acceptable number of cycles of opening and closing of the tailgate. But in case of an armored vehicle side opening tailgate, it is quite a challenge for the normal hinges to take the heavy load of the tailgate along with passenger ingress / egress load. The normal hinges (Refer figure-1) obviously fail under such heavy loads either in their design or material configuration. To take this extra load, designers had to think of an innovative arrangement/concept that was simple yet convenient from retrofitting point of view on an armored vehicle configuration. Such an innovation was thought off, designed and implemented successfully on first prototype of the armored SUV. Figure 1 Figure showing the view of a portion of a tailgate from outside of the SUV. Normal hinges are visible as shown in yellow color. Also visible is the aperture plate of the arrangement in blue. (BIW not shown.)
Patil, Rahul Shashikant
LED Controller and DriverTBMG-174389/1/2013
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) (Dallas, TX) has introduced the industry’s smallest off-line, phase-dimmable, constant- current lighting controller and an easy-to-use lighting driver that simplify the retrofit of a variety of LED bulbs, including E14, GU10, A19, PAR20/30/38, MR16 and AR111. The TPS92075 controller and TPS92560 driver reduce component count and solution size while improving compatibility with legacy lighting controls.
Mid-Power LED PackageTBMG-169407/1/2013
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea) has begun producing a new lineup of middlepower LED packages with 160lm/W light efficacy, for use in a wide variety of LED lighting applications including LED tubes, LED ambient lighting, downlighting and retrofit lamps. The new LM561B also features electric current rated at 65mA, 5000K CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and a rating of over 80 CRI (Color Rendering Index).
LED DriverTBMG-165045/1/2013
Light-Based Technologies (LBT) (Vancouver, BC), a developer of intelligent power and control electronics for solid state lighting (SSL), has achieved UL Recognized Component Marking for its Ultra-Compatible (UC) Deep Dimming LED Driver, allowing the company to commence volume manufacturing. The UC LED Driver tackles the significant compatibility challenge in both retrofit and new build SSL applications by offering superior compatibility with the widest range of triac dimmers. The UC LED Driver is specified at 25W, with a selectable 700mA or 1000mA constant current output.
Fittings and Labels for Retrofit of CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems to HFC-134a (R-134a)J1660_201104 (Current)4/1/2011
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the specific measures required to meet SAE established criteria when retrofitting CFC-12 (R-12) mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems to HFC-134a (R-134a), with regards to fittings and labeling. This document is complete only when combined with the requirements of SAE J1657.
Interior Climate Control Service Committee
Spontaneous-Desorption Ionizer for a TOF-MSTBMG-15241/1/2006
A time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) like the one mentioned in the immediately preceding article has been retrofitted with an ionizer based on a surface spontaneous- desorption process. This ionizer includes an electron multiplier in the form of a microchannel plate (MCP). Relative to an ionizer based on a hot-filament electron source, this ionizer offers advantages of less power consumption and greater mechanical ruggedness. The current density and stability characteristics of the electron emission of this ionizer are similar to those of a filament based ionizer. In tests of various versions of this ionizer in the TOF-MS, electron currents up to 100 nA were registered. Currents of microamperes or more — great enough to satisfy requirements in most TOF-MS applications — could be obtained by use of MCPs different from those used in the tests, albeit at the cost of greater bulk. One drawback of this ionizer is that the gain of the MCP decreases as a function of the charge extracted thus far; the total charge that can be extracted over the operational lifetime is about 1 coulomb. An MCP in the ion-detector portion of the TOF-MS is subject to the same limitation.
Selection Criteria for Retrofit Refrigerants to Replace CFC-12 (R-12) in Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsJ1657_199902 (Historical)2/1/1999
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide criteria for determining the acceptability of candidate retrofit refrigerants to replace CFC-12 (R-12) in mobile A/C systems originally designed to use CFC-12 (R-12).
Interior Climate Control Steering Committee
Compatibility of Retrofit Refrigerants with Air-Conditioning System MaterialsJ1662_199811 (Historical)11/5/1998
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide criteria for determining the compatibility of air-conditioning (A/C) system materials/components with candidate retrofit refrigerants intended to replace CFC-12 (R12) in mobile A/C systems originally designed to use CFC-12 (R-12).
Interior Climate Control Steering Committee
Vehicle Operating Experience with Methanol as a Substitute for Petrol and Diesel83089911/7/1983
Blends of 15% methanol with petrol containing 1% isobutanol have been utilised by 45 vehicles operated for a period of two years. An additional 907 vehicles have been operated for approximately one year to obtain information about the distribution of M15 blends, about necessary co-solvent concentrations, and about general vehicle driveability. Initial studies have also been conducted using 15-20% emulsions of methanol with diesel in diesel-cycle engines. High methanol fuels ranging from M85 to M100 have been tested in six purpose-built vehicles and 45 retrofitted vehicles involving four different types of retrofit systems. In addition, high methanol fuels have also been tested in diesel-cycle engines involving two different types of purpose-built engines, together with unmodified engines.
Joyce, Richard J., Natusch, David F.S., Richardson, David W.
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