Browse Topic: Head-up displays

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Windshield with Enhanced Infrared Reflectivity Enables Packaging a Driver Monitor System in a Head-Up Display2021-01-010504/06/2021
Integration of a driver monitor system (DMS) in a head-up display (HUD) gives the monitor camera a continuous view of the driver’s face, since the driver always faces the road ahead. However, with both infrared (IR) illuminator and IR camera packaged in the HUD, reflectivity of the windshield is important at IR wavelengths used by the camera. Not only is windshield IR reflectivity important for a clear camera image of the driver’s face, but increasing windshield reflectivity also decreases the effect of ambient sunlight on the camera image of the driver’s face. We describe a method to measure windshield reflectivity, both for the 940 nm band used by a DMS, and for visible light for the HUD. The measurement method uses a fiber-optic spectrometer, two collimating lenses, and a method to compensate for sample tilt. The lenses are mounted on a stage that adjusts the height above the sample. As an example, this method was used to characterize an IR reflecting windshield, prepared for a
Lambert, David K., Itsede, Fidelis, Tomura, Kazuhiro, Nohara, Atsushi, Chou, Kinryo, Carty, Dylan
Cadillac reveals Lyriq electric vehicle20AUTP09_1209/01/2020
Cadillac recently revealed its Lyriq crossover, the first of a coming stable of electric vehicles (EVs) from Cadillac and GM's other brands. And although Cadillac already trails many other luxury-brand rivals in launching an EV, the Lyriq - which Cadillac for now is choosing to call a “show car” - will not be in showrooms until sometime in late 2022. The midsize, five-passenger crossover is built on GM's dedicated EV architecture and will be powered by the company's new Ultium lithium-ion battery system (https://www.sae.org/news/2020/03/gm-electrification-unveil) in an approximately 100-kW pack capacity that is claimed to provide up to 300 miles (482 km) of driving range. The Lyriq also will be fitted with the latest version of GM's Super Cruise (SAE Level 3) assisted-driving capability that adds automatic lane-changing to the hands-off driving experience on approximately 200,000 miles (321,868-km) of high-definition-mapped U.S. roads.
Visnic, Bill
ONav and GeoPixel™ Web-Based Navigation for the Collection of Aerial ImageryTBMG-3747008/01/2020
ONav is a heads-up navigation display for pilots for coastal imagery acquisition. The system is built on the Linux operating system (Debian) and utilizes a number of open-source tools and data sources.
WHAT WE'RE DRIVING20AUTP04_0804/01/2020
For the Lincoln of my experience - and I'm not particularly young - I haven't been able to understand the “sell” of the brand. Low sales numbers and decades of declining prestige seemed to have long indicated a “cut your losses” argument for Ford to ditch its premium marque. But if the 2020 Aviator is the building block of things to come, there's hope. This all-new platform, sensibly shared with the volume-play Ford Explorer, returns Lincoln to the longitudinal engine/rear-drive layout that luxury vehicles are supposed to have. As a result, the Aviator is as responsive and athletic as you can expect a three-row, 16.5-foot-long crossover to be.
How HMI displays impact operator productivity in industrial vehicles19TOFHP10_1110/01/2019
The latest research indicates that well-integrated HMI (human-machine interface) systems lead to more attentive users that better retain task-related information and stay focused for longer with less reported effort. These systems also fit into the wider development trends in off-highway machines that affect operator fatigue in day-to-day tasks. Operator comfort includes more than just the cushioning in their seats; it is everything that surrounds a driver as they operate a vehicle-steering wheel height, pedal positioning, seat support, harnessing and control interface. Research from Norway and Italy as part of an overall European Union study looking into HMI in heavy machines has shown the importance of ergonomics in reducing operator fatigue. Research from Markus Wallmyr, head of UX at CrossControl and a researcher with Mälardalen University in Sweden, has demonstrated the importance of display placement in improving information detection and the effectiveness of operator aids.
Wallmyr, Markus
Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport AircraftARP4103A (Current)09/17/2019
This document recommends design and performance criteria for aircraft lighting systems used to illuminate flight deck controls, luminous visual displays used for transfer of information, and flight deck background and instrument surfaces that form the flight deck visual environment. This document is for commercial transport aircraft except for applications requiring night vision compatibility.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Flight Compartment GlareARP6161 (Current)10/18/2017
This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Flight Compartment GlareARP6161-TEST-REC (Historical)10/18/2017
This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
Continental unveils new 3D display cluster17AUTP10_1110/01/2017
Continental is developing its innovative 3D instrument display cluster with the aim of bringing it to production within the next 24-36 months. The display, previewed by Automotive Engineering at a recent technology meeting, features a high-definition (1920 × 720 pixel) 12.3-in screen but is suitable for displays measuring 15 in. “The proliferation of displays in the interior of the cabin allows for more individuality, variety of shapes and appearances” a Continental engineer explained, adding, “Instead of relying on flat, one-dimensional surfaces, we are offering a solution that allows designers to play with the interior in a creative and cost-efficient way.”
Adcock, Ian
A 3D Full Windshield Head Up Display2017-01-215609/19/2017
A new concept of Head Up Display is presented, using the windshield as a transparent screen. This breakthrough technology does not need the use of complex combiner, bulky optics and overhead projection unit. The novel system uses several holographic optical elements to perform a 3D stereoscopic display, with the ability to present floating graphical objects in a large field of view. Augmented Reality display will be possible, increasing considerably the User Experience and situational awareness, without the need of wearing a bulky and complex Head Mounted Display.
Coni, Philippe, BARDON, Jean Luc, servantie, Xavier
The Effect of Commercial Vehicle Head-Up Display Reminding System on Driving Safety in Mountainous Area2017-01-250009/17/2017
Head-up Display (HUD) system can avoid drivers’ distraction on dashboard and effectively reduce collisions caused by emergency events, which is gradually being realized by researchers around the world. However, the current HUD only displays information like speed, fuel consumption, other information like acceleration and braking can’t be displayed yet. This research will use the indicator symbol‘s color and position change to remind drivers to brake or accelerate. Drivers can do driving operation timely and accurately. The system has the advantages of safety, intuition and real-time. The vehicle safe speed is calculated according to the road parameters, like adhesion coefficient and slope, and vehicle parameters, such as vehicle mass and centroid. Then, the appropriate braking operations are obtained by combining the vehicle driving state. The braking information is corresponded to the color and position change of the indicator symbol to prompt the drivers by the HUD interface. At the
Huang, Bo, Xia, Wanyang, Tan, Gangfeng, Xiao, Longjie, Wang, Zongsong
New York auto show: Lincoln unveils all-new, aluminum-bodied 2018 Navigator17AUTP05_1305/01/2017
Ford's Lincoln luxury-vehicle unit revealed the 2018 Navigator fullsize SUV at the 2017 New York auto show by touting its blend of smart basic engineering and smart features. Like the recently-revealed Ford Expedition, its Lincoln counterpart is fitted with weight-saving aluminum bodywork to cut roughly 200 lb (91 kg) from the curb weight and help offset the mass of the new Navigator's copious luxury and advanced driver-assist features.
Visnic, Bill
Haptic feedback for gesture-control HMI17AUTP04_0404/01/2017
Mid-air gesture controls rely on sophisticated sensing to aid the human-machine interface and help keep drivers' eyes on the road. Gesture control is becoming more commonplace in many of the devices we use in our daily lives, from games consoles, swiping and pinching on mobile phones, to point-of-sale devices such as ticketing systems in train stations. The automotive segment is already adopting gesture control for infotainment systems as well as serving as a human-machine interface (HMI) for subsystems such as the sunroof, climate control and audio. BMW's latest 7 Series and 5 Series offer an HMI system that can detect four different gestures: setting the car's navigation, browsing apps and starting the audio, answering phone calls and controlling the on-board computer. Volkswagen last year announced gesture controls on its Golf and pledges to spread the technology across its model ranges. Other major OEMs have the technology in their product pipelines.
Owen, David
Automotive Engineering: March 201717AUTP0303/02/2017
Thought leadership at WCX17 Lucid Motors' David Moseley: EV or ICE, "It is all physics" New eye on the road One of the industry's hottest tech suppliers is blazing the autonomy trail by crowd-sourcing safe routes and using AI to learn to negotiate the road. Mobileye's co-founder and CTO explains. Hard, slick and ready to roll A tough, self-renewing catalyst coating developed at Argonne National Laboratory provides unprecedented friction and wear protection for vehicle powertrains, the inventors claim. Sensor ICs, semiconductors and safety To achieve ISO 26262 compliance, engineering practices must be taken to a higher level. The following insights may prove valuable for getting there. New VCR targets 40% BTE Variable-compression ratio with VVA from France's MCE-5. Editorial: Nation of Innovation SAE Standards News Sharpening the focus on OBD-II security Supplier Eye Smaller suppliers facing global challenges Chicago auto show: All-new 2018 Ford Expedition gets aluminum body, 10-speed
I.D. Buzz: VW's latest future-look Microbus17AUTP02_1402/01/2017
It's a VW Microbus for future generations, an electric van capable of fully autonomous driving. But at this point, it's only a concept. “We want to re-ignite America's love for Volkswagen. And we are fully committed to the future of mobility-smart, sustainable, affordable-that is the new Volkswagen,” proclaimed Dr. Herbert Diess, Chairman of the Board of Management for the Volkswagen Brand.
Buchholz, Kami
A 3D Head Up Display with Simulated Collimation2016-01-197809/20/2016
A 3D Stereoscopic Head-Up Display (HUD) using direct projection on a transparent screen is presented. Symbol incrustation in conformity with the landscape is performed through the use of simulated collimation offering a large eye-box, in excess of conventional HUD. The use of spectral glasses for our transparent screen was decided as most commonly used polarizing or active glasses were not adapted. Furthermore it gave ususeful green laser attack protection.
Coni, Philippe, Hourlier, Sylvain, Servantie, Xavier, Laluque, Laurent, Gueguen, Aude
Modified Monitor Provides Glasses-Free 3D for Pilots and GamersTBMG-2523308/01/2016
When flying the increasingly crowded skies, pilots need to have an arsenal of information: altitude, airspeed, fuel level, distance to their destination, and the location of other planes in the sky. All of this information is presented in a series of two-dimensional instruments, panels, and readouts, meaning the pilot has to mentally assemble the information and translate that into the 3D world to better understand the relationship among air, ground, and traffic. NASA has long been interested in making it as easy as possible for pilots and astronauts to have the best information available to ensure safe flights, knowing that humans are imperfect creatures.
Next Generation PVB Interlayer for Improved HUD Image Clarity2016-01-140204/05/2016
Head-up display (HUD) technology creates inherent driver safety advantages by displaying critical information directly in the driver’s line of sight, reducing eyes off road and accommodation time. This is accomplished using a system of relay optics and windshield reflection to generate a virtual image that appears to hover over the hood near the bumper. The windshield is an integral optical component of the HUD system, but unfortunately the windshield-air interface causes a double image ghost effect as a result of refractive index change, reducing HUD image clarity. Current technology uses a constant angle wedged PVB windshield interlayer to eliminate double image at a single driver height. However, the HUD double image persists for all other viewing locations. Eastman Chemical Company has developed a new interlayer technology which eliminates the double image at all driver locations by tuning the wedge angle as a function of driver occupant seated height. The purpose of this paper is
Spangler, Lora L., Hurlbut, Jeffrey, Cashen, Daniel, Robb, Emily, Eckhart, Jim
An Intuitive Lane Guidance Function2016-01-008004/05/2016
This paper explains a performance enhancement of the lane guidance function in car navigation systems. In order to achieve intuitive lane guidance, a function is considered that displays lane guidance on an image of the front scene that matches what drivers actually see outside the vehicle. Therefore, two developed items were lane accurate positioning based on image recognition and augmented reality visualization that renders lane guidance images overlaid on the scenery of the road ahead. The eye glance time to the navigation screen has been reduced in a comparison test with a conventional lane guidance method. It is confirmed that this lane guidance function is more intuitive than the conventional method.
Miyake, Hiroyuki
Passengers First Light Truck - A Modern Take on a Narrow Wake2016-01-133304/05/2016
Individuals in the United States consume twice as much energy as those in any other region. Solitary workday commutes in light vehicles are the leading reason for this difference. An electric vehicle design is proposed to help catalyze more social, higher occupancy, commuting habits - through application of existing technology. Performance criteria are: 1) attract passengers to the suburban front yard at 6:30 AM, 2) match market leading crash test performance, cargo capability, and sense of freedom, and 3) deliver easier parking, better acoustics and better passenger mile efficiency. A vehicle as a rolling event venue determines a large windscreen, side-by-side upright seating arrangements, and acoustic excellence -an experience where there are only good seats. These requirements force a decision to close the wake along a vertical line to form a narrow wake. The chassis is platform batteries with dual motor electric rear drive and undetermined front drive. Findings: 1 Narrow wake
Fontana, Edward C.
Next Generation PVB Interlayer for Improved HUD Image Clarity2016-01-1402-TEST-REC04/05/2016
Head-up display (HUD) technology creates inherent driver safety advantages by displaying critical information directly in the driver’s line of sight, reducing eyes off road and accommodation time. This is accomplished using a system of relay optics and windshield reflection to generate a virtual image that appears to hover over the hood near the bumper. The windshield is an integral optical component of the HUD system, but unfortunately the windshield-air interface causes a double image ghost effect as a result of refractive index change, reducing HUD image clarity. Current technology uses a constant angle wedged PVB windshield interlayer to eliminate double image at a single driver height. However, the HUD double image persists for all other viewing locations. Eastman Chemical Company has developed a new interlayer technology which eliminates the double image at all driver locations by tuning the wedge angle as a function of driver occupant seated height. The purpose of this paper is
Spangler, Lora L., Hurlbut, Jeffrey, Cashen, Daniel, Robb, Emily, Eckhart, Jim
2017 Cadillac XT5 debuts GM's new lightweight crossover architecture16AUTP02_0802/01/2016
XT5 stands for Crossover Touring 5, Cadillac's all new midsized luxury utility unveiled recently at, of all places, a highend fashion show in Dubai. Slated to replace the SRX, the 2017-model XT5 made its North American debut at the 2015 Los Angeles Auto Show. Start of production begins at GM's revamped Spring Hill, TN, plant and in China in spring 2016. The XT nomenclature will adorn the Cadillac crossover range going forward, noted Cadillac President Johan de Nysschen during the Dubai event. The CT nameplate will cover the brand's cars.
Brooke, Lindsay
Google Glass for Industrial AutomationTBMG-2145402/01/2015
Google Glass is equipped with a head-up display, camera, microphone, and bone conduction audio transducer serving as a loudspeaker. It also has vibration sensors and a touchpad integrated in the sidepieces of the headset. With these features, Google Glass is well suited for visualization, diagnostics, and service purposes, as well as for technical interventions and person-to-person communication.
Technological Changes and Competitive Advantage: The New Deal for Avionics Firms2014-01-217309/16/2014
Since 2000, avionics is facing several changes, mostly driven by technological improvements in the electronics industry and innovation requirements from aircraft manufacturers. First, it has progressively lost its technological leadership over innovation processes. Second, the explosion of the electronics consumer industry has contributed to shorten even more its technology life cycles, and promoted the use of COTS. Third, the increasing complexity of avionics systems, which integrate more and more functions, have encouraged new players to enter the market. The aim of this article is to analyze how technological changes can affect the competitiveness of avionics firms. We refer to criticality levels as a determinant of the market competitiveness. Certification processes and costs could stop new comers to bring innovations from the consumer electronics industry and protects traditional players. The study will compare three avionics systems regarding their patent dynamics since 1980
Beaugency, Aurelie, Gatti, Marc, Regis, Didier
Head Up and Eyes Out Enabling Equivalent Visual Operations with the Head Up Display2013-01-230009/17/2013
Following the introduction of Head-Up Displays (HUD) into commercial airplanes over 30 years ago, many aircraft manufacturers are now installing HUDs as baseline or as a selectable option on their latest designs. Most pilots that have used the HUD in difficult flying conditions prefer it to classic flight deck configurations with head-down displays only. This paper describes the features and benefits of the HUD that allow the pilot to remain head-up and eyes-out throughout the flight, especially in the crowded skies around an airport. This is achievable because the HUD provides all the primary flight information needed to fly the airplane. Some of the information is conformal to the outside world and the whole image is focused at optical infinity, eliminating the need for the pilot to refocus between the HUD symbology and real world features viewed through the HUD. Flight path based flying is intuitive, reducing workload and improving safety by allowing the pilot to maintain better
Barber, Sarah, Schwab, Dean, Zimmerman, Ken
Display Characteristics of FDI Head-Up Guidance System as Approved for the B-727 AirplaneAIR4742A (Current)06/11/2012
The scope of this document is limited to descriptions of the display characteristics of the Flight Dynamics, Inc. (FDI) Model 1000WS Head up Guidance System (HGS) as installed on the Boeing 727 airplane and certified by the Federal Aviation Administration for use in Category III landing operations. The symbology depicted in this document is referenced to the particular pilot task(s) for which it was designed. Also included are descriptions of operational features of the particular symbol along with any associated criteria regarding symbology constraints, source data, or position error.
G-10 Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology
Design and Flight Test of a Primary Flight Display Combined Vision System11VATC4000403/19/2012
A series of flight tests were conducted to design and evaluate a Combined Vision System (CVS) that integrates a forward looking infrared video image with synthetic vision on a primary flight display. System features included colorizing the video image to mesh with the synthetic terrain background, decluttering the approach symbology to facilitate the detection of the approach lights and runway markings, creating a semi-transparent IR sky to ensure continuous situational awareness of the surrounding terrain, and annunciating the decision height to facilitate the transition to the actual runway environment. Over 100 approaches were flown during three flight test sessions. For the first flight test session pilots reviewed early CVS proofs of concept on Honeywell's Citation Sovereign. During the approach in low visibility conditions, the Pilot Flying remained head-down to 100 ft AGL, at which time he lifted his head and made a subjective judgment of whether he could easily and safely
May, Patricia
Safety and Operational Improvements Using Head-Up Displays in Small Aircraft and Helicopters11VATC4000303/12/2012
Small aircraft and helicopters have an increasing need for heads out presentations, which means a projected presentation of symbols and images, primarily infrared, on an optical combiner in the pilots field of view. The information presented will appear at an infinite distance i.e. the focal point is far away enabling the pilot to see the symbology superimposed on and correlated to the outside world. The driving factors for a heads out presentations are increased safety through improved situation awareness in almost all weather conditions as well as operational improvements due to reduced landing minimal prerequisites in adverse weather conditions. Also safety during taxiing and landing are improved through early detection of eventual other aircraft and objects. The landing aid is important for small aircraft like business jets that often fly into unequipped airfields. The overall benefits are reduction in number of incidents/accidents, cost savings and reduced number of diversions
Brandtberg, Hans
Making battlefield targets disappear12OFHD0202_0502/02/2012
The use of “smart” special materials has the potential to radically alter the way military platforms are defended, and used. Numerous science-fiction-like gadgets that have appeared over the years in various James Bond movies have become everyday operational hardware for the modern warfighter. Infrared night-vision goggles, jet-powered folding-wing parachutes, moving map navigation displays, and head-up displays have all become familiar. Other innovations, such as strap-on rockets and ejector seats for cars, have not caught on.
Gardner, Richard
Making battlefield targets disappear11AERD1214_0312/14/2011
The use of “smart” special materials has the potential to radically alter the way military platforms are defended, and used. Numerous science-fiction-like gadgets that have appeared over the years in various James Bond movies have become everyday operational hardware for the modern warfighter. Infrared night-vision goggles, jet-powered folding-wing parachutes, moving map navigation displays, and head-up displays have all become familiar. Other innovations, such as strap-on rockets and ejector seats for cars, have not caught on.
Gardner, Richard
Safety and Operational Improvements Using Head-Up Displays in Small Aircraft and Helicopters2011-01-252810/18/2011
Small aircraft and helicopters have an increasing need for “heads out” presentations, which means a projected presentation of symbols and images, primarely infrared, on an optical combiner in the pilots field of view. The information presented will appear at an infinite distance i.e. the focal point is far away enabling the pilot to see the symbology superimposed on and correlated to the outside world. The driving factors for a “heads out” presentations are increased safety through improved situation awareness in almost all weather conditions as well as operational improvements due to reduced landing minima prerequisites in adverse weather conditions. Also safety during taxiing and landing are improved through early detection of eventual other aircraft and objects. The landing aid is important for small aircraft like business jets that often fly into unequipped airfields. The overall benefits are reduction in number of incidents/accidents, cost savings and reduced number of diversions
Brandtberg, Hans, Zanden, Johan
Design and Flight Test of a Primary Flight Display Combined Vision System2011-01-252510/18/2011
A series of flight tests were conducted to design and evaluate a Combined Vision System (CVS) that integrates a forward looking infrared video image with synthetic vision on a primary flight display. System features included colorizing the video image to mesh with the synthetic terrain background, decluttering the approach symbology to facilitate the detection of the approach lights and runway markings, creating a semi-transparent IR sky to ensure continuous situational awareness of the surrounding terrain, and annunciating the decision height to facilitate the transition to the actual runway environment. Over 100 approaches were flown during three flight test sessions. For the first flight test session pilots reviewed early CVS proofs of concept on Honeywell's Citation Sovereign. During the approach in low visibility conditions, the Pilot Flying remained head-down to 100 ft AGL, at which time he lifted his head and made a subjective judgment of whether he could easily and safely
Ververs, Patricia May, He, Gang, Suddreth, John, Odgers, Rob, Engels, Jary, Wyatt, Ivan, Hughes, Keith, Hamblin, Christopher, Feyereisen, Thea
Cockpit Vision System to Improve Pilot SafetyTBMG-819007/01/2010
Inertial-Optical Head-Tracking System InterSense Billerica, MA 781-541-6330 www.intersense.com
Heads-Out Information Solutions for Small Aircraft2009-01-310911/10/2009
Small aircraft have an increased need for presentation of pilot information heads-out. Heads-out means that the information is projected and overlaid the outside world enabling the pilot to receive information and images from the avionics system at the same time as he can look out of the windows. Heads-out presentation is accomplished by an optical head-up or head-worn display device. Driving factors for heads-out presentation are improved landing credits to be able to land at the airport of destination also during adverse weather conditions, improved safety due to better situation awareness and operating cost savings. New technologies giving compact and more affordable head-up displays (HUD) are now availble and installation in small fixed wing aircraft (e.g. business jets) and helicopters is feasible. Saab has developed a new head-up display named RIGS, which provides pilots with information linked to flight and navigation. RIGS gives all-weather capability with improved landing
Brandtberg, Hans, Zandén, Johan
Optimized Safety-Critical Embedded Display Development with OpenGL SC2009-01-314011/10/2009
Historically, the majority of avionics display manufacturers have sought custom solutions to support the development of cockpit displays, head-up displays and other avionics on-board and ground displays, from specification through to target. This was however a decision borne out necessity rather than choice since the inherent wisdom of a ‘commercial-off-the-shelf’ (COTS) approach had been understood and demonstrated in other parallel domains for some time. So, with this in mind, why was a more costly custom approach selected?
Rossignol, Vincent
Evaluation of the Use of a Head Worn Display (HWD) for Flight Support in the Commercial Flight Deck2009-01-314411/10/2009
This study compared the performance of pilots flying a series of approach and landings under each of three conditions: using standard 737-NG flight deck displays only, using those displays with an optical head up display (HUD), and using those displays with a head worn display (HWD) depicting the same symbology as the HUD. Display condition had no effect on pilots' normal landing flight profiles or successful avoidance of a runway incursion. However, pilots reported decreased situation awareness and increased perceived workload when using the HWD as compared to the other two conditions. Pilot comments suggested that the poorer ratings for HWD were attributed to physical characteristics of the hardware and noticeable head-tracking latency. The results indicate that while the HWD technology still needs more refinement, the near-to-eye display concept is a viable alternative to a HUD.
Thomas, Lisa C.
Looking into the future of flight displays09AEMD1028_0110/28/2009
New developments in lighting and electronics are changing the way aircrews operate their aircraft. Over the years, aircraft cockpits have had to accommodate an ever-increasing number of control instruments required to provide the pilot, and other crew members, with the information needed to fly safely and to extract the maximum performance for the job at hand. By the time the aviation industry was celebrating its half century, aircraft cockpits were running out of space for the display of in-flight data as well as space for banks of dials and read-outs, electrical switches, and buttons, not to mention all the latest highly complex weapon systems aboard new military jet aircraft.
Gardner, Richard
Sight Analysis with ‘RAMSIS Cognitive’: Step II2009-01-229506/09/2009
The perception of visual information is the major input requirement for the psychological cognition process. The quality of perception of visual information is impaired by the geometrical and optical conditions of the displayed information. This concerns all technical information of the car as instruments, optical indicators, telltales and control displays. The international widely-used 3D-Man-Model System RAMSIS receives some additional functionality for analysis and practical design to simulate these viewing conditions in the car. These new RAMSIS functions include methods for the analysis of sight shadows, limits of visibility of liquid crystal displays, the time of focus shifts of the driver and the modelling of the optical parameters of head-up displays. These capabilities will enable a RAMSIS user to allow for (degraded) visual performance when designing the rising number of user interface displays in cars and airplanes.
Remlinger, Wolfram, Bubb, Heiner, Wirsching, Hans-Joachim
Touching the futureAUTOMAR09_0303/01/2009
Sensors and screens are replacing push buttons as touch controls get more sophisticated and user-friendly. Simple knobs and push buttons have been a key element in interior design for decades, but there is nothing simple about them anymore. They are now part of a human-machine interface (HMI) that includes everything from aesthetic appearance to vehicle safety. The transition from push button to a techy term like HMI highlights the ongoing changes in electronic controls. Design teams must now respond to consumer demands to link their portable equipment to a vehicle that is already laden with options like navigation.
Costlow, Terry
Aerospace Engineering 2007-09-01AEROSEP0709/01/2007
Sound sound-research techniques Higher bypass ratios, chevrons, shape memory alloys, and improved aerodynamics are some of the advancing technologies that will help quiet aircraft, and thus help the environment. Display technology perks up HUD, software make big strides in cockpit appearance and flight safety. Going green The global aerospace industry gears up for big changes in fuel burn, emissions, and noise.
Display technology perks upAEROSEP07_0209/01/2007
HUD, software make big strides in cockpit appearance and flight safety. Electronics continue to transform aircraft cockpits with digital techniques for displaying information in ways that are easier for pilots to understand. Head-up displays (HUDs) are augmenting the digital displays that now dominate commercial aircraft. At the same time, the software that drives these displays is undergoing significant shifts. Standards are making it simpler to write programs ranging from those that draw images on the screens to the control software that operates mission-critical technologies.
Costlow, Terry
Heads Up Display2007-01-352108/05/2007
This paper presents a novel design approach for an automotive full-windshield Head-Up Display (HUD) interface which aims to improve the driver's spatial awareness and response times under low visibility and/or time critical conditions. Heads-up display is an electronically generated display that is superimposed upon a driver's forward field of view. The display element is largely transparent, meaning the information is displayed in contrasting superposition over the user's normal environment. HUD comes very handy for whom changing their view to look at the instrument cluster could prove to be a fatal distraction. The information is projected with its focus at infinity. Doing this means that a user does not need to refocus his eyes (which takes several tenths of a second) when changing his attention between the instrument and the outside world. The HUD communicates configurable information, such as navigation, performance features as well as vehicle speed to the driver. As we were
Muruganandam, Radhakrishnan
An Efficient Visual Forward Collision Warning Display for Vehicles2007-01-110504/16/2007
The aim of the present study was to investigate how quickly and efficiently distracted drivers react to four different visual warning displays intended for a Forward Collision Warning system for vehicles. The displays are the Collision Warning Head Up Display (CWHUD), the Steering Wheel Warning Display, The High Head Down Display (HHDD), and the Cluster display. The study was performed in a simulator. Warnings were randomly presented to drivers when they were visually distracted away from the road by a traffic sign discrimination task. Brake reaction times to the different warnings were recorded. From the results of performance tests and preference ratings, the CWHUD, provided the best performance in terms of 200 ms lower reaction time and low amount of missed warnings. The average brake reaction times were significantly faster for the CWHUD warnings. There were no significant differences in reaction times among the other three warnings. One CWHUD warning was missed during the
Lind, Henrik
Camera Mount for a Head-Up DisplayTBMG-138303/01/2007
A mounting mechanism was designed and built to satisfy requirements specific to a developmental head-up display (HUD) to be used by pilots in a Boeing 757 airplane. This development was necessitated by the fact that although such mounting mechanisms were commercially available for other airplanes, there were none for the 757. The mounting mechanism supports a miniature electronic camera that provides a forward view. The mechanism was designed to be integrated with the other HUD instrumentation and to position the camera so that what is presented to the pilot is the image acquired by the camera, overlaid with alphanumeric and/or graphical symbols, from a close approximation of the pilot’s natural forward perspective. The mounting mechanism includes an L-shaped mounting arm that can be adjusted easily to the pilot’s perspective, without prior experience. The mounting mechanism is lightweight and flexible and presents little hazard to the pilot.
Display Characteristics of FDI Head-Up Guidance System as Approved for the B-727 AirplaneAIR4742 (Historical)08/14/2006
The scope of this document is limited to descriptions of the display characteristics of the Flight Dynamics, Inc. (FDI) Model 1000WS Head up Guidance System (HGS) as installed on the Boeing 727 airplane and certified by the Federal Aviation Administration for use in Category III landing operations. The symbology depicted in this document is referenced to the particular pilot task(s) for which it was designed. Also included are descriptions of operational features of the particular symbol along with any associated criteria regarding symbology constraints, source data, or position error.
G-10 Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology
HEAD-UP DISPLAY (HUD) SYSTEMARINC764 (Current)07/08/2005
This document defines a Head-Up Display (HUD) system intended for installation in all types of aircraft. It describes the physical form factors, fit dimensions, electrical interface definition and typical HUD functions, including the display of navigation and guidance information in the flight crew's forward field of view. The HUD accomplishes this by projecting images onto a combiner with symbology that conforms to the outside world view. Guidance for HUD architectures include single, twin, dual and HUD integrated with Primary Flight Display (PFD). This document is an practical guide for the design of federated equipment and integrated modular avionics.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Brilliant displaysAUTOJUL05_0307/01/2005
Liquid-crystal displays and light-emitting diodes are helping to enable bright, reconfigurable screens. Though displays do not get the same level of attention given to interior features such as intelligent airbags or even the navigation and DVD systems that rely on them, designers are paying plenty of attention to display quality because it makes a lasting impression on vehicle owners. “The driver spends more time viewing the instrument cluster than any other part of the vehicle,” said Mark Brainard, Project Management and Business Development at Siemens VDO Automotive.
Costlow, Terry
Windshield Display for Safe and Comfortable Driving2005-01-160304/11/2005
We have developed Wind Shield Display (WSD), a large-sized head up display with stereovision. Information from the ITS infrastructure, car navigation system, or a variety of sensors including a night vision camera can be superimposed at the appropriate 3D position by adjusting the binocular disparity of the display. By WSD, images will be displayed in the vicinity of the driver's line of sight. The driver can perceive the information with minimum eye movement and reaccommodation time. These characteristics of WSD reduce driver's cognitive workload and contribute to safe and comfortable driving.
Nakamura, Koji, Inada, Jyunya, Kakizaki, Masaru, Fujikawa, Takayuki, Kasiwada, Shinji, Ando, Hiroshi, Kawahara, Nobuaki
From speedometers to modern instrument clustersAUTOFEB05_1002/01/2005
SAE 100 Future look: Modern driver information has come a long way since then, encompassing a whole history of automobile instrumentation that would be unimaginable without Schulze's speedometer and its technological successors. On October 7, 1902, engineer Otto Schulze received a patent for an eddy-current speedometer. The first automobiles had no “cockpit” as such. And there was simply no need for instruments. Even in motor racing events staged in France around 1895, the maximum speed was roughly 30 km/h (18 mph).
Wesner, Gerhard
Technologies and Trends for Instrument Clusters2004-01-337111/16/2004
This paper aims to show the main technological advances and actual tendencies of Instrument Clusters for automotive business. At first, it will be showed a general overview of the main existing technologies for digital and analogues gauges, illumination and electronic concepts, showing the variety of these solutions. Afterwards it will be analyzed the application possibilities of each solution considering its technical, financial and ergonomic aspects, showing the tendencies for each market. At the same time we will bring for a discussion the integration possibilities of functions, nowadays available in separate modules inside the vehicle electrical architecture, into the instrument cluster.
Bedollo, Leandro Cesar, Alves, Alessandro Domingues, Sakai, Flávio
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