This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

3D Conformal Pilot Cueing for Rotorcraft Shipboard Landings: A Comparison of Tunnel in the Sky and a Pursuit Guidance Flight Lead Cueing System

F-0076-2020-16415

10/5/2020

This paper presents preliminary results of a pilot-in-the-loop (PIL) study of different cueing designs to reduce pilot workload in rotorcraft shipboard landings. The participants were tasked with flying an approach to touchdown on the deck of an Arleigh Burke Flight IIA class Destroyer under both day visual flight rules (VFR) and night-unaided, zeroillumination conditions. For each condition, the participants were presented with three different cue types. For the day iterations these were a generic military standard heads up display (HUD), a ship fixed tunnel in the sky (tunnel), and a virtual flight lead cueing system (FLCS). The zero-illumination night condition was deemed impossible to land with only the HUD, so it was replaced with a combination of the tunnel and FLCS for the purpose of gaining initial feedback on combining elements of different systems. Terminal landing constraints (location, heading, and impact velocity) were used as measures of pilot performance, the NASA Task

Walters, Robert, Feigh, Dr., McCandless, Joseph

Cadillac reveals Lyriq electric vehicle

20AUTP09_129/1/2020

Cadillac recently revealed its Lyriq crossover, the first of a coming stable of electric vehicles (EVs) from Cadillac and GM's other brands. And although Cadillac already trails many other luxury-brand rivals in launching an EV, the Lyriq - which Cadillac for now is choosing to call a “show car” - will not be in showrooms until sometime in late 2022. The midsize, five-passenger crossover is built on GM's dedicated EV architecture and will be powered by the company's new Ultium lithium-ion battery system (https://www.sae.org/news/2020/03/gm-electrification-unveil) in an approximately 100-kW pack capacity that is claimed to provide up to 300 miles (482 km) of driving range. The Lyriq also will be fitted with the latest version of GM's Super Cruise (SAE Level 3) assisted-driving capability that adds automatic lane-changing to the hands-off driving experience on approximately 200,000 miles (321,868-km) of high-definition-mapped U.S. roads.

Visnic, Bill

ONav and GeoPixel™ Web-Based Navigation for the Collection of Aerial Imagery

TBMG-374708/1/2020

ONav is a heads-up navigation display for pilots for coastal imagery acquisition. The system is built on the Linux operating system (Debian) and utilizes a number of open-source tools and data sources.

WHAT WE'RE DRIVING

20AUTP04_084/1/2020

For the Lincoln of my experience - and I'm not particularly young - I haven't been able to understand the “sell” of the brand. Low sales numbers and decades of declining prestige seemed to have long indicated a “cut your losses” argument for Ford to ditch its premium marque. But if the 2020 Aviator is the building block of things to come, there's hope. This all-new platform, sensibly shared with the volume-play Ford Explorer, returns Lincoln to the longitudinal engine/rear-drive layout that luxury vehicles are supposed to have. As a result, the Aviator is as responsive and athletic as you can expect a three-row, 16.5-foot-long crossover to be.

How HMI displays impact operator productivity in industrial vehicles

19TOFHP10_1110/1/2019

The latest research indicates that well-integrated HMI (human-machine interface) systems lead to more attentive users that better retain task-related information and stay focused for longer with less reported effort. These systems also fit into the wider development trends in off-highway machines that affect operator fatigue in day-to-day tasks. Operator comfort includes more than just the cushioning in their seats; it is everything that surrounds a driver as they operate a vehicle-steering wheel height, pedal positioning, seat support, harnessing and control interface. Research from Norway and Italy as part of an overall European Union study looking into HMI in heavy machines has shown the importance of ergonomics in reducing operator fatigue. Research from Markus Wallmyr, head of UX at CrossControl and a researcher with Mälardalen University in Sweden, has demonstrated the importance of display placement in improving information detection and the effectiveness of operator aids.

Wallmyr, Markus

Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft

ARP4103A (Current)

9/17/2019

This document recommends design and performance criteria for aircraft lighting systems used to illuminate flight deck controls, luminous visual displays used for transfer of information, and flight deck background and instrument surfaces that form the flight deck visual environment. This document is for commercial transport aircraft except for applications requiring night vision compatibility.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

WHAT WE'RE DRIVING

19AUTP09_089/1/2019

As the sporting player in Volvo's C-segment sedan lineup, this all-wheel drive, turbocharged-and-supercharged R-Design S60 faces benchmark competition in the BMW 3-Series, Audi A4 and Mercedes-Benz C-Class. In pure performance, the stylish Swede stacks up nicely against the Germans: Its 316 hp (236 kW) pushes the 3,900 lb (1769 kg) car plus my 200-lb (91 kg) of dead weight from a standstill to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.5 s, according to my stopwatch. Dynamically, the S60 T6 (not my choice of nomenclature, as it's a 4-cyl., not a six) feels solid and secure, if not exceptionally nimble, when pushed hard in the corners. But where the S60 R-Design clearly beats the others is inside, the area where Volvo shows its taillamps to the other premium brands. The S60's cabin is a beautifully integrated blend of rich materials and tasteful accents - brushed aluminum of the lower IP contrasting with deep ebony, offset by delightful-to-touch control knobs. The front seats are both handsome and

SUPPLIER EYE

19AUTP09_079/1/2019

The value - and risks - of Technology Testbeds The world has been awaiting the arrival of the latest generation Chevrolet Corvette for some time. This past July, among much fanfare the mid-engined C8 (8th generation of this iconic nameplate) Stingray was revealed to the world. As an early owner of the C7, I know my car will be the last front-engined Corvette. And while some fellow enthusiasts are defiantly asserting that “real” Corvettes have their engines ahead of the driver, there is no looking back. Nostalgia aside, this industry is always in need of ‘technology testbeds’, a role that Corvette has played since the C1 debuted in 1953. Such production vehicles stretch the limit in terms of performance, design, efficiency, or all of the above. During the past decade, General Motors has introduced other products which the organization, suppliers and dealers have been using as incubators for related technologies, business processes, and new sourcing models.

AUREATE: An Augmented Reality Test Environment for Realistic Simulations

2018-01-10804/3/2018

Automated driving is currently one of the most active areas of research worldwide. While the general progress in developing specific algorithms for perception, planning and control tasks is very advanced, testing and validation of the resulting functions is still challenging due to the large number of possible scenarios and generation of ground-truth. Currently, real world testing and simulations are used in combination to overcome some of these challenges. While real world testing does not suffer from imperfect sensor models and environments, it is expensive, slow and not accurately repeatable and therefore unable to capture all possible scenarios. However, simulation models are not sophisticated enough to fully replace real world testing. In this paper, we propose a workflow that is capable of augmenting real sensor-level data with simulated sensor data. With this approach we are able to generate scenarios which are as realistic as possible while also being flexible with the ability

Koduri, Tejaswi, Bogdoll, Daniel, Paudel, Shreyasha, Sholingar, Gautham

Development of a CAE Method for Predicting Solar Loading Impact for Electrical System Performance in an Automotive Cabin

2018-01-07854/3/2018

A number of market factors such as customer demand for improved connectivity and infotainment systems, automated driver assist systems and electrification of powertrain have driven an increase in the number of electrical systems within the cabin of automotive vehicles. These systems have limited operating temperature windows, therefore markets with high ambient temperatures and solar loading represent a significant challenge due to high cabin temperatures. Traditionally climatic facilities have been used replicate the conditions seen in these markets in order to understand the performance of the electrical systems. However such facilities have a number of limitations such as fixed solar arrays, secondary radiation from the walls and substantial operating costs limiting testing to envelope tests. Therefore the requirement for CAE based approach to more accurately represent the conditions seen in the real world is clear. To this end this work presents a CAE method for predicting

Palmer, Edward W., Jansen, Wilko, Palaniswamy, Adaikala, Parfitt, Megan

Identifying Traffic Scenarios to Evaluate Driver Readiness in Automated Driving: An Exploratory Study

2018-01-05024/3/2018

Automated vehicle technology is rapidly increasing in capability and the adoption of these technologies will become more widespread in the future. In the intermediate stages of automation where the driver is required to supplement the automated technology, it may be necessary to evaluate the driver’s readiness to take-over a part or of all the dynamic driving task (SAE, 2016). Specifically, while driving with a level 2 or 3 automated driving feature, a challenge may be that drivers with low readiness fail to take over in an appropriate manner. One important implication of assessing driver readiness is to assess driver state. In this study, we investigated candidate for a driver readiness index which was compared between manual driving (Level 0) and ACC driving (Level 1). Additionally, one more method to evaluate the readiness of the driver is to measure whether the driver anticipates potential hazards (i.e., does their foot hover over the brake or throttle). To encourage this type of

Fukui, Toshinao, Remtema, Todd, Austin, Benjamin, Domeyer, Joshua, Fukui, Toshinao, Remtema, Todd, Austin, Benjamin, Domeyer, Joshua

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161 (Historical)

10/18/2017

This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161-TEST-REC (Historical)10/18/2017

A-20A Crew Station Lighting

Continental unveils new 3D display cluster

17AUTP10_1110/1/2017

Continental is developing its innovative 3D instrument display cluster with the aim of bringing it to production within the next 24-36 months. The display, previewed by Automotive Engineering at a recent technology meeting, features a high-definition (1920 × 720 pixel) 12.3-in screen but is suitable for displays measuring 15 in. “The proliferation of displays in the interior of the cabin allows for more individuality, variety of shapes and appearances” a Continental engineer explained, adding, “Instead of relying on flat, one-dimensional surfaces, we are offering a solution that allows designers to play with the interior in a creative and cost-efficient way.”

Adcock, Ian

A 3D Full Windshield Head Up Display

2017-01-21569/19/2017

A new concept of Head Up Display is presented, using the windshield as a transparent screen. This breakthrough technology does not need the use of complex combiner, bulky optics and overhead projection unit. The novel system uses several holographic optical elements to perform a 3D stereoscopic display, with the ability to present floating graphical objects in a large field of view. Augmented Reality display will be possible, increasing considerably the User Experience and situational awareness, without the need of wearing a bulky and complex Head Mounted Display.

Coni, Philippe, BARDON, Jean Luc, servantie, Xavier

New York auto show: Lincoln unveils all-new, aluminum-bodied 2018 Navigator

17AUTP05_135/1/2017

Ford's Lincoln luxury-vehicle unit revealed the 2018 Navigator fullsize SUV at the 2017 New York auto show by touting its blend of smart basic engineering and smart features. Like the recently-revealed Ford Expedition, its Lincoln counterpart is fitted with weight-saving aluminum bodywork to cut roughly 200 lb (91 kg) from the curb weight and help offset the mass of the new Navigator's copious luxury and advanced driver-assist features.

Visnic, Bill

Haptic feedback for gesture-control HMI

17AUTP04_044/1/2017

Mid-air gesture controls rely on sophisticated sensing to aid the human-machine interface and help keep drivers' eyes on the road. Gesture control is becoming more commonplace in many of the devices we use in our daily lives, from games consoles, swiping and pinching on mobile phones, to point-of-sale devices such as ticketing systems in train stations. The automotive segment is already adopting gesture control for infotainment systems as well as serving as a human-machine interface (HMI) for subsystems such as the sunroof, climate control and audio. BMW's latest 7 Series and 5 Series offer an HMI system that can detect four different gestures: setting the car's navigation, browsing apps and starting the audio, answering phone calls and controlling the on-board computer. Volkswagen last year announced gesture controls on its Golf and pledges to spread the technology across its model ranges. Other major OEMs have the technology in their product pipelines.

Owen, David

Automotive Engineering: March 2017

17AUTP033/2/2017

Thought leadership at WCX17 Lucid Motors' David Moseley: EV or ICE, "It is all physics" New eye on the road One of the industry's hottest tech suppliers is blazing the autonomy trail by crowd-sourcing safe routes and using AI to learn to negotiate the road. Mobileye's co-founder and CTO explains. Hard, slick and ready to roll A tough, self-renewing catalyst coating developed at Argonne National Laboratory provides unprecedented friction and wear protection for vehicle powertrains, the inventors claim. Sensor ICs, semiconductors and safety To achieve ISO 26262 compliance, engineering practices must be taken to a higher level. The following insights may prove valuable for getting there. New VCR targets 40% BTE Variable-compression ratio with VVA from France's MCE-5. Editorial: Nation of Innovation SAE Standards News Sharpening the focus on OBD-II security Supplier Eye Smaller suppliers facing global challenges Chicago auto show: All-new 2018 Ford Expedition gets aluminum body, 10-speed

Visteon tests augmented reality HUD for Level 4 autonomy

17AUTP03_113/1/2017

Augmented reality (AR) head-up displays are emerging as critical equipment for SAE Level 4 autonomous driving, where the operator must completely trust that the vehicle's ADAS sensors and cameras are monitoring and accurately recognizing its surroundings. Automotive Engineering recently experienced a proof-of-concept demonstrator vehicle fitted with Visteon's latest AR HUD system, at the supplier's Van Buren Twp., MI, headquarters. On the 2015 VW Golf R's windshield, graphics are superimposed over the driver's real-time sight line to indicate objects detected near the vehicle's path. The system also displays relevant driver information, such as lane departure warning, and navigation guidance.

Buchholz, Kami

I.D. Buzz: VW's latest future-look Microbus

17AUTP02_142/1/2017

It's a VW Microbus for future generations, an electric van capable of fully autonomous driving. But at this point, it's only a concept. “We want to re-ignite America's love for Volkswagen. And we are fully committed to the future of mobility-smart, sustainable, affordable-that is the new Volkswagen,” proclaimed Dr. Herbert Diess, Chairman of the Board of Management for the Volkswagen Brand.

Buchholz, Kami

A 3D Head Up Display with Simulated Collimation

2016-01-19789/20/2016

A 3D Stereoscopic Head-Up Display (HUD) using direct projection on a transparent screen is presented. Symbol incrustation in conformity with the landscape is performed through the use of simulated collimation offering a large eye-box, in excess of conventional HUD. The use of spectral glasses for our transparent screen was decided as most commonly used polarizing or active glasses were not adapted. Furthermore it gave ususeful green laser attack protection.

Coni, Philippe, Hourlier, Sylvain, Servantie, Xavier, Laluque, Laurent, Gueguen, Aude

Modified Monitor Provides Glasses-Free 3D for Pilots and Gamers

TBMG-252338/1/2016

When flying the increasingly crowded skies, pilots need to have an arsenal of information: altitude, airspeed, fuel level, distance to their destination, and the location of other planes in the sky. All of this information is presented in a series of two-dimensional instruments, panels, and readouts, meaning the pilot has to mentally assemble the information and translate that into the 3D world to better understand the relationship among air, ground, and traffic. NASA has long been interested in making it as easy as possible for pilots and astronauts to have the best information available to ensure safe flights, knowing that humans are imperfect creatures.

Passengers First Light Truck - A Modern Take on a Narrow Wake

2016-01-13334/5/2016

Individuals in the United States consume twice as much energy as those in any other region. Solitary workday commutes in light vehicles are the leading reason for this difference. An electric vehicle design is proposed to help catalyze more social, higher occupancy, commuting habits - through application of existing technology. Performance criteria are: 1) attract passengers to the suburban front yard at 6:30 AM, 2) match market leading crash test performance, cargo capability, and sense of freedom, and 3) deliver easier parking, better acoustics and better passenger mile efficiency. A vehicle as a rolling event venue determines a large windscreen, side-by-side upright seating arrangements, and acoustic excellence -an experience where there are only good seats. These requirements force a decision to close the wake along a vertical line to form a narrow wake. The chassis is platform batteries with dual motor electric rear drive and undetermined front drive. Findings: 1 Narrow wake

Fontana, Edward C.

An Intuitive Lane Guidance Function

2016-01-00804/5/2016

This paper explains a performance enhancement of the lane guidance function in car navigation systems. In order to achieve intuitive lane guidance, a function is considered that displays lane guidance on an image of the front scene that matches what drivers actually see outside the vehicle. Therefore, two developed items were lane accurate positioning based on image recognition and augmented reality visualization that renders lane guidance images overlaid on the scenery of the road ahead. The eye glance time to the navigation screen has been reduced in a comparison test with a conventional lane guidance method. It is confirmed that this lane guidance function is more intuitive than the conventional method.

Miyake, Hiroyuki

Next Generation PVB Interlayer for Improved HUD Image Clarity

2016-01-14024/5/2016

Head-up display (HUD) technology creates inherent driver safety advantages by displaying critical information directly in the driver’s line of sight, reducing eyes off road and accommodation time. This is accomplished using a system of relay optics and windshield reflection to generate a virtual image that appears to hover over the hood near the bumper. The windshield is an integral optical component of the HUD system, but unfortunately the windshield-air interface causes a double image ghost effect as a result of refractive index change, reducing HUD image clarity. Current technology uses a constant angle wedged PVB windshield interlayer to eliminate double image at a single driver height. However, the HUD double image persists for all other viewing locations. Eastman Chemical Company has developed a new interlayer technology which eliminates the double image at all driver locations by tuning the wedge angle as a function of driver occupant seated height. The purpose of this paper is

Spangler, Lora L., Hurlbut, Jeffrey, Cashen, Daniel, Robb, Emily, Eckhart, Jim

Next Generation PVB Interlayer for Improved HUD Image Clarity

2016-01-1402-TEST-REC4/5/2016

Spangler, Lora L., Hurlbut, Jeffrey, Cashen, Daniel, Robb, Emily, Eckhart, Jim

2017 Cadillac XT5 debuts GM's new lightweight crossover architecture

16AUTP02_082/1/2016

XT5 stands for Crossover Touring 5, Cadillac's all new midsized luxury utility unveiled recently at, of all places, a highend fashion show in Dubai. Slated to replace the SRX, the 2017-model XT5 made its North American debut at the 2015 Los Angeles Auto Show. Start of production begins at GM's revamped Spring Hill, TN, plant and in China in spring 2016. The XT nomenclature will adorn the Cadillac crossover range going forward, noted Cadillac President Johan de Nysschen during the Dubai event. The CT nameplate will cover the brand's cars.

Brooke, Lindsay

Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft - SAE ARP 4103

2015-01-25359/15/2015

The past twenty years have seen tremendous changes in the Avionics display and flight deck lighting due to the application of solid-state LED (light emitting diode) light sources and LCDs (liquid crystal displays). These advances significantly benefit the customer and pilot users when integrated correctly. This paper discusses recommended practices and guidance given in SAE ARP 4103 for modern Avionics flight deck lighting systems to satisfy the end user and obtain certification. SAE ARP 4103 Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft has recently been revised to keep up with the Avionics state-of-the-art and add clarification where needed. ARP 4103 contains recommended Avionics flight deck lighting design and performance criteria to ensure prompt and accurate readability and visibility, color identification and discrimination of needed information under all expected ambient lighting and electrical power conditions. For additional details, see the actual ARP 4103.

Ellersick, Steven Donald, Reisenauer, Bill, Jacobson, Mickey, Stephens, Newel

Google Glass for Industrial Automation

TBMG-21454

2/1/2015

Google Glass is equipped with a head-up display, camera, microphone, and bone conduction audio transducer serving as a loudspeaker. It also has vibration sensors and a touchpad integrated in the sidepieces of the headset. With these features, Google Glass is well suited for visualization, diagnostics, and service purposes, as well as for technical interventions and person-to-person communication.