Browse Topic: Lidar

Items (128)

Background Filtering and Target Detection for Traffic Objects with Roadside LiDAR Point Cloud Data

2025-01-719303/19/2025

Roadside perception technology is an essential component of traffic perception technology, primarily relying on various high-performance sensors. Among these, LiDAR stands out as one of the most effective sensors due to its high precision and wide detection range, offering extensive application prospects. This study proposes a voxel density-nearest neighbor background filtering method for roadside LiDAR point cloud data. Firstly, based on the relatively fixed nature of roadside background point clouds, a point cloud filtering method combining voxel density and nearest neighbor is proposed. This method involves voxelizing the point cloud data and using voxel grid density to filter background point clouds, then the results are processed through a neighbor point frame sequence to calculate the average distance of the specified points and compare with a distance threshold to complete accurate background filtering. Secondly, a VGG16-Pointpillars model is proposed, incorporating a CNN

Liu, Zhiyuan, Rui, Yikang

Bi-directional adjustable holder for LiDAR sensor - Assembly findings and solutions

2024-26-002401/16/2024

LiDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging and it works on the Principle of reflection of light. LiDAR is one among the other sensors like radar and camera to achieve a high level (Level 3 & above) of Autonomous driving capabilities. LiDAR, as a sensor, is used to perceive the environment in 3D by calculating the 'Time of flight' of the Laser beam transmitted from LiDAR and the rays reflected from the Object, along with the intensity of reflection from the object. The frame of perception is plotted as a point Cloud. LiDAR is assembled/ integrated on the roof of the vehicle/grill position of car having a high vantage point to perceive the environment in order to extract the best possible sensor performance. LiDAR sensor needs to be held in the front panel cutout with uniform gap however due to tolerance reasons it may have following issues: Function of the sensor can be affected if it is not aligned center to the cutout because the view cones will interfere with grill cutout edges

Pratap, Amit, Rangarej, Sanjeev

Reducing LiDAR Cabin Noise with Damped Elastomers: a Novel Method for Predicting Performance and Durability

2025-01-011405/05/2023

Mechanical LiDAR units utilize spinning lasers to scan surrounding areas to enable limited autonomous driving. The motors within the LiDAR modules create noise that can leak into the cabin of a vehicle. Decoupling the module from the body of the vehicle with highly damped elastomers can reduce the acoustic noise in the cabin and improve the driving experience. Damped elastomers work by absorbing the vibrational energy and dispelling it as latent heat, which creates challenges in an unpredictable automotive environment. Throughout the development process with vehicle OEMs and LiDAR ODMs, highly damped elastomers were able to effectively reduce the noise created by the scanning LiDAR modules in a laboratory environment. It was unproven that these elastomers would be as effective in extreme heat, cold, or humid environments. Extensive bench and vehicle tests were conducted, but confidence was low without a model to predict behavior at edge-cases. By creating a unique test method to model

Russell, Casey, Masterson, Peter, O'Connell, Kerry

Panoptic Based Camera and Lidar Fusion for Distance Estimation in Autonomous Driving Vehicles

2022-28-030710/05/2022

Position estimation of the surrounding objects seen by the sensors mounted on an autonomous vehicle is a key module and it is typically carried out with the camera-lidar fusion owing to the high accuracy in depth estimation from lidar point cloud. In typical automotive LIDAR with 64 scanner points or less, at distances above 100m, the object detection with LIDAR is not dependable as the number of LIDAR clusters will be sparse, while the high-resolution camera can offer better detection even at the distances above 100m. Calculation of the position can be best achieved if there is a reliable means to get the corresponding LIDAR points for the detection in camera. To address this, we are proposing a novel a grid-based approach, in which a grid is created in the point cloud by calculating object’s position derived from camera detections. The correspondence between Camera pixels and LIDAR point cloud tends to suffer when the object of interest is occluded (eg.by other vehicles, guard rails

Jose, Edwin, P, Aparna M, Patil, Mrinalini, Thayyil Ravi, Arunkrishna, Rajan, Manoj

Infrastructure-Based LiDAR Monitoring for Assessing Automated Driving Safety

2022-01-008603/29/2022

The successful deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) could include the use of off-board sensors for assessments to be made of AV operational safety. Many intersections and roadways have monocular cameras used primarily for traffic monitoring; however, monocular cameras may not be sufficient to allow for useful AV operational safety assessments to be made in all operational design domains (ODDs) such as low ambient light and inclement weather conditions. Additional sensor modalities such as Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors allow for a wider range of scenarios to be accommodated, but may also provide improved measurements of the Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) metrics previously introduced by the Institute of Automated Mobility (IAM). Building on earlier work from the IAM in creating an infrastructure-based sensor system to evaluate the OSA metrics in real-world scenarios, this paper presents an approach for real-time localization and velocity estimation for AVs using a

Srinivasan, Anshuman, Mahartayasa, Yoga, Jammula, Varun Chandra, lu, Duo, Como, Steven, Wishart, Jeffrey, Elli, Maria, Yang, Yezhou, Yu, Hongbin

Improvement of Black Car Paint for Enhanced Visibility to LiDAR Systems

2022-01-041303/29/2022

One of the most revolutionary technological developments in recent years has been the invention and improvements of autonomous vehicles. LiDAR (Light Detecting and Ranging) sensors, which can generate distance measurement with precision on the order of cm, have been increasingly evaluated and used in the detection of various objects, including vehicles, for transportation safety application and the future adoption and deployment of autonomous vehicles. However, not all objects a vehicle encounters on the road are equally reflective to infrared light used in the LiDAR sensors. In particular, black cars, which make up a significant portion of the market, are minimally reflective to infrared light, and can become invisible to LiDAR systems for certain orientations. Thus black vehicles present a significant challenge to the deployment of autonomous vehicles. The goal of this paper was to develop a novel method for making black car paints more visible to LiDAR systems. Our approach was to

Block, Claire, Hays, Patrick, Rogel, Cindy, Yu, Hongbin

A Comparison of Mobile Phone Lidar Capture and Established Ground based 3d Scanning Methodologies.

2022-01-098803/29/2022

Ground-based LiDAR using FARO 3d scanners and other brands of scanners have been shown to be an accurate way to capture the geometry of accident scenes, accident vehicles and exemplar vehicles, as well as corresponding evidence from these sources such as roadway gouge marks, vehicle crush depth, and burn areas. However, ground-based scanners do require expensive and larger equipment to be brought on-site, as well as other materials that may be required depending on the scenario. New technologies, such as Apple’s mobile phone LiDAR capture, have been released recently in their newer model phones, and they offer a chance to obtain similar results but with less cumbersome and less expensive equipment. This technology embeds photos with lidar data that can then be exported into point cloud data using different applications available in the app store. This paper will investigate the accuracy of Apple mobile phone LiDAR on obtaining geometry from multiple exemplar vehicles. This mobile LiDAR

Miller, Seth Higgins, Hashemian, Alireza, Gillihan, Robert, Helms, Ethan

Synthetic LiDAR Point Cloud Data Generation Tool and Deep Learning Validation

2022-01-017703/29/2022

LiDAR sensors are set to become common in automated driving due to their high accuracy. However, LiDAR processing algorithm development suffers from lack of training data, partly due to the sensors' high cost. The few public datasets (e.g. KITTI) offer poor coverage of edge case scenarios, whereas these are essential to address to support safe self-driving. We address the unmet need for abundant, high-quality LiDAR data with the development of an artificial LiDAR point cloud generation tool and validate this tool's performance against the PIXOR model, which was trained on the KITTI dataset. The tool makes use of a single camera raycasting process to generate synthetic data and is used in conjunction with filtering techniques to create segmented and filtered object class-specific datasets . The tool has the potential to support the low-cost generation of accurate bulk data in support of training advanced self-driving algorithms, with configurability to simulate commercial and yet-to-be

Karur, Karthik, Pappas, Georgios, Siegel, Joshua, Zhang, Mi

Impact of Fog Particles on 1.55 μm Automotive LiDAR Sensor Performance: An Experimental Study in an Enclosed Chamber

2021-01-008104/06/2021

To achieve full automation in self-driving vehicles, environmental perception sensing accuracy is critically important. However, ambient particles in adverse weather like foggy, rainy, or snowy conditions can significantly scatter the incident laser beam, and therefore contaminate the intensity and accuracy of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Especially compared to the rapidity of technology development in self-driving vehicles, there is a significant lack of documented research on LiDAR systems with wavelength longer than 1 μm for application in Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems. In this work, experimental studies were performed with a state-of-the-art 1.55 μm wavelength automotive-grade LiDAR system in a controlled laboratory fog chamber. The goal of the research is to correlate laser attenuation and the optical properties of fog particles. In this work, a thorough multistep procedure for LiDAR data analysis is presented including spatial averaging of the object

Zhan, Lu, Northrop, William F.

Dynamically Adjustable LiDAR with SPAD Array and Scanner

2021-01-009104/06/2021

An important function of an Automated Driving (AD) system is to detect objects including vehicles and pedestrians on the road. Typical devices for detecting those objects include cameras, millimeter-wave RADAR, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). LiDAR uses the flight time of a short-wavelength electromagnetic wave. Because of that LiDAR is expected to find even small objects such as tire fragments on a road in high resolution. The detection performance required for LiDAR depends on the operational design domain (ODD). For example, while a vehicle is travelling at high speeds, LiDAR needs to detect apparently small objects at long distances, and while it is travelling at low speeds, LiDAR has to detect objects over a wide angular range. Conventional LiDAR is developed to satisfy all requirements, providing performance including detection distance, resolution, and angle of view tends to expose issues such as cost and size when it is mounted onboard.

Nakajima, Masato, Hata, Takehiro, Ueno, Akifumi, Ozaki, Noriyuki, Mizuno, Fumiaki, Kashiwada, Shinji, Yanai, Kenichi

Add LiDAR to ADAS for Pedestrian Safety

TBMG-3863003/01/2021

Most new vehicles sold in the United States today include Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) equipped with Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking (PAEB) as either a standard or optional feature. While state-of-the-art ADAS has improved freeway and high-speed driving, the basic need for collision mitigation with pedestrians and bicyclists has mostly remained unaddressed.

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Self-Driving For The Long Haul with Kodiak Robotics

1293102/19/2021

Kodiak Robotics is delivering more than freight, it's delivering the future. We spoke with Andreas Wendel, Vice President of Engineering at Kodiak Robotics, to discuss how they became a developer of reliable, highway-tested, self-driving long haul trucks and the elements required to create safe vehicles that perform consistently, delivering freight to commercial customers with a 100% on-time delivery record. Discover the difference between range of visibility and range of confidence across cameras, lidar and radar, and why this three-pronged approach allows Kodiak to develop the software and technology that enables zero disengagements across 800 miles.

Hineman, Marcie

Sensitive Optical Receivers for Space

TBMG-3850302/01/2021

Communications in space demand the most sensitive receivers possible for maximum reach, while also requiring high-bit-rate operations. A concept for laser beam-based communications using an almost noiseless optical preamplifier in the receiver has been developed. The free-space optical transmission system relies on an optical amplifier that, in principle, does not add any excess noise, in contrast to all other pre-existing optical amplifiers referred to as phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs).

Kodiak 3D LiDAR

TBMG-3849102/01/2021

High-orbit satellite servicing and planetary science missions are presented with unique challenges including a harsh environment and long mission life, coupled with the need for long-range, high-speed, accurate measurements. Conventional systems suffer from high costs of bringing other solutions to market and questionable reliability.

Special Section: The Winners of the 2020 'Create the Future' Design Contest

TBMG-3828312/01/2020

The , launched in 2002 by Tech Briefs Media Group (publishers of Tech Briefs magazine), recognizes and rewards engineering innovations that benefit humanity, the environment, and the economy. The annual contest draws product designs from engineers, students, and entrepreneurs worldwide.

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: How Velodyne Became a Leader in LiDAR

1291411/05/2020

Today's episode is a special chat between host Grayson Brulte and Anand Gopalan, CEO of Velodyne LiDAR.Grayson and Anand discuss the early days of Velodyne, being the CEO of a publicly-traded company, and the growth of the LiDAR market. Enjoy this episode!

Hineman, Marcie

Ambient Light Alters Refraction in 2D Material

TBMG-3801411/01/2020

Microscopic crystals in tantalum disulfide have a starring role in what could become a hit for 3D displays, virtual reality and even self-driving vehicles. A two-dimensional array of the material has unique optical characteristics that can be controlled in ambient conditions and under general illumination.

Pseudo-Random Coding Technique for 3D Imaging

TBMG-3746508/01/2020

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a high-resolution 3D imaging LiDAR system using a resolution-enhanced pseudo-random code technique that improves the ranging resolution by an order of magnitude with the same transmitted optical power. This new approach uses a spread spectrum time-resolved method, which has been widely used in the field of radar and telecommunications and the technique is also known as random-modulation continuous-wave (RM-CW).

Optical In-Line VCSEL Testing

TBMG-3718707/01/2020

The market for laser diodes has recently experienced strong growth. The drivers of the enormous increase in demand are new applications and new technology concepts. Examples are face recognition in entertainment electronics, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) in automotive applications, and high-performance diode lasers that consist of several laser diodes and are increasingly replacing conventional laser systems in material processing.

Making Data Logging, Replay and Prototyping More Efficient

20AVEP07_0507/01/2020

High levels of continuity and compatibility are vital to avoid interruptions in the development process - and reduce cost. The development of advanced driver assistance (ADAS) and highly automated driving systems poses great challenges for OEM and supplier engineers. It is important, therefore, that powerful, flexibly configurable development systems optimally support the various use cases in data-driven development to make it as efficient as possible. In the case of functionality for both ADAS autonomous driving, the chain of effects can be divided into several steps, starting with environment detection with the aid of extensive sensor technology - including camera, radar, lidar and ultrasonics - and ending with the final implementation of the driving strategy and actuator control (Fig. 2).

Mertens, Frank, Müller, Marius

Photonic Microwave Generation Using On-Chip Optical Frequency Combs

20AERP06_0606/01/2020

In our information society, the synthesis, distribution, and processing of radio and microwave signals happen ubiquitously in wireless networks, telecommunications, and radars. The current tendency is to use carriers in higher frequency bands, especially with looming bandwidth bottlenecks due to demands for 5G and the Internet of Things. Microwave photonics, a combination of microwave engineering and optoelectronics, might offer a solution. A key building block of microwave photonics is optical frequency combs, which provide hundreds of equidistant and mutually coherent laser lines. They are ultrashort optical pulses emitted with a stable repetition rate that corresponds precisely to the frequency spacing of comb lines. The photodetection of the pulses produces a microwave carrier.

Photonic Microwave Generation Using On-Chip Optical Frequency Combs

TBMG-3710706/01/2020

New Graphene-Based Metasurface Capable of Independent Amplitude and Phase Control of Light

TBMG-3688005/01/2020

Researchers described a new strategy of designing metamolecules that incorporates two independently controllable subwavelength meta-atoms. This two-parametric control of the metamolecule secures the complete control of both amplitude and the phase of light.

LiDAR and Camera-based Convolutional Neural Network Detection for Autonomous Driving

2020-01-013604/14/2020

Autonomous vehicles are currently a subject of great interest and there is heavy research on creating and improving algorithms for detecting objects in their vicinity. Object classification and detection are crucial tasks that need to be solved accurately and robustly in order to achieve higher automation levels. Current approaches for classification and detection use either cameras or light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Cameras can work at high frame-rate, and provide dense information over a long range under good illumination and fair weather. LiDARs scan the environment by using their own emitted pulses of laser light and they are only marginally affected by the external lighting conditions. LiDARs provide accurate distance measurements. However, they have a limited range, typically between 10 and 100 m, and provide sparse data. A ROS-based deep learning approach has been developed to detect objects using point cloud data. With encoded raw camera and LiDAR data, several

Hamieh, Ismail, Myers, Ryan, Nimri, Hisham, Rahman, Taufiq, Younan, Aarron, Sato, Brad, El-Kadri, Abdul, Nissan, Selwan, Tepe, Kemal

Lidar Inertial Odometry and Mapping for Autonomous Vehicle in GPS-denied Parking Lot

2020-01-010304/14/2020

High-precision and real-time ego-motion estimation is vital for autonomous vehicle. There is a lot GPS-denied maneuver such as underground parking lot in urban areas. Therefore, the localization system relying solely on GPS cannot meets the requirements. Recently, lidar odometry and visual odometry have been introduced into localization systems to overcome the problem of missing GPS signals. Compared with visual odometry, lidar odometry is not susceptible to light, which is widely applied in weak-light environments. Besides, the autonomous parking is highly dependent on the geometric information around the vehicle, which makes building map of surroundings essential for autonomous vehicle. We propose a lidar inertial odometry and mapping. By sensor fusion, we compensate for the drawback of applying a single sensor, allowing the system to provide a more accurate estimate. Compared to other odometry using IMU and lidar, we apply a tight coupled of lidar and IMU method to achieve lower

Chen, Xuesong, Zhang, Sumin, Wu, Jian, He, Rui, Song, Shiping, Zhu, Bing, Zhao, Jian

LiDAR-Based Urban Autonomous Platooning Simulation

2020-01-071704/14/2020

The technological advancements of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) sensors enable the ability to; achieve autonomous vehicle platooning, increase the capacity of road lanes, and reduce traffic. This article focuses on developing urban autonomous platooning using LiDAR and GPS/IMU sensors in a simulation environment. Gazebo simulation is utilized to simulate the sensors, vehicles, and testing environment. Two vehicles are used in this study; a Lead vehicle that follows a preplanned trajectory, while the remaining vehicle (Follower) uses the LiDAR object detection and tracking information to mimic the Lead vehicle. The LiDAR object detection is handled in multiple stages: point cloud frame transformation, filtering and down-sampling, ground segmentation, and clustering. The tracking algorithm uses the clustering information to provide position and velocity of the Lead vehicle which allows for vehicle platooning. This paper covers the LiDAR object detection and tracking

Alzu'bi, Hamzeh, Tasky, Tom

Real-time Motion Classification of LiDAR Point Detection for Automated Vehicles

2020-01-070304/14/2020

A Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is now becoming an essential sensor for an autonomous vehicle. The LiDAR provides the surrounding environment information of the vehicle in the form of a point cloud. A decision-making system of the autonomous car is able to determine a safe and comfort maneuver by utilizing the detected LiDAR point cloud. If the movement class (dynamic or static) of detected points can be provided by LiDAR, the decision-making system is able to plan the appropriate motion of the autonomous vehicle according to the movement of the object. This paper proposes a real-time process to segment the motion states of LiDAR points. The basic principle of the classification algorithm is to classify the point-wise movement of a target point cloud through the other point clouds and sensor poses. First, a fixed-size buffer store the LiDAR point clouds and sensor poses for a constant time window. Second, motion beliefs of the target point cloud against other point clouds and

Jo, Kichun, Kim, Chansoo, Cho, Sungjin, Sunwoo, Myoungho

Seeing Around Corners to Detect Object Shapes

TBMG-3637304/01/2020

A technique was developed that enables reconstruction of images in great detail. Researchers computed millimeter- and micrometer-scale shapes of curved objects, providing an important component to a larger suite of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging techniques.

Lidar in a Flash

20AVEP03_0603/01/2020

Continental delivers a short-range 3D flash lidar sensor that's expected to find increasing application in commercial vehicles and off-highway machines in 2020. A precise three-dimensional profile of a vehicle's surroundings is a fundamental prerequisite for automated driving. A new high-resolution 3D flash lidar (HFL) sensor developed for use at close range - 50 m (164 ft) or less - delivers on this capability, according to Thomas Laux, head of business development and sales for HFL segment in Continental's Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) business unit. “This is automotive grade and solid state, meaning no moving parts. It's a bunch of semiconductors, which is ideal for commercial vehicle and even more so for the off-highway environment - they don't have a lot of hours [of operation] but their environments can be pretty rigorous,” said Laux. The IP6K9K packaging is very important for these applications, he said, as is a 3D Global Shutter feature that eliminates motion

Gehm, Ryan

Long-Distance LADAR System and Method

TBMG-3598002/01/2020

A laser detection and ranging (LADAR) system was developed to provide unambiguous range and velocity measurements of long-distance targets such as sea-skimming anti-ship missiles. By using the LADAR's range and velocity data, false alarms and clutter objects will be distinguished from incoming missiles at longer ranges (up to 10 km). Because the developed LADAR uses an array receiver, it can also provide three-dimensional (3D) imagery of potential threats at closer ranges (2-3 km) in support of the force protection/situational awareness mission.

Helping Autonomous Vehicles See Around Corners

TBMG-3576001/01/2020

To improve the safety of autonomous systems, MIT engineers have developed a system that can sense tiny changes in shadows on the ground to determine if there’s a moving object coming around the corner.

Wind Event Warning System

TBMG-3545411/01/2019

NASA Langley Research Center developed a wind event warning technology that provides a practical early warning system (5-10 minutes) for a severe change in the wind vector. Events such as gusts, shear, microbursts, or thunderstorm outflows can be detected in time to prevent damage to wind turbines or help airports prevent damage to aircraft. Further, an alternative power source could be ramped up or down as needed to accommodate the power draw in the electrical grid.

Bringing Precision Anamorphic Micro-Optics to Consumer-Level Laser Applications

TBMG-3547511/01/2019

The use of laser light for precise illumination has been limited to high-end applications like optical lithography or small niche markets like measurement technologies. Now that such industries as automotive and consumer electronics are developing and ramping up the production of LIDAR and 3D sensors, laser illumination is scaling in a new direction. For imaging applications, optics made of polymers are already the first choice for such devices as smart cameras. But in order to deliver glass micro-optics with better performance and long-term stability, the cost structure of injection molded polymer optics needed to be addressed.

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: September 2019

19AVEP0909/05/2019

Editorial The new 'face' of privacy The Navigator No trust in AI systems without data protection Innovation Nation In the mobility space, Israel is rivaling Silicon Valley for smarts and start-ups - and beats it in chutzpah. Autonomy in your Face Biometric technology is deemed essential to ensuring AV driving safety and advancing the user experience-if privacy issues don't derail its deployment. About Face! To win acceptance, deployment of facial-recognition technology needs to fit within a picture-perfect consumer and legal framework that balances benefits with privacy protection. The Vehicle as Gaming Device Audi spin-off Holoride uses VR to turn the back seat into an entertainment platform. BlackBerry Tech Duo Sees Emergence of Vehicle-based Platforms Though likely to provide the OS of autonomy, BlackBerry also anticipates a larger shift to automobiles as software platforms. Improving Lidar - or Defeating It The buzz at Sensors Expo pitted lidar-tech optimism against the reality of

Optical Distance Measurement at Record-High Speed

TBMG-3516209/01/2019

Scientists of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and École Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have reported that they achieved the fastest distance measurement attained so far. The researchers demonstrated on-the-fly sampling of a gun bullet profile with micrometer accuracy. The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. Potential applications include real-time 3D cameras based on highly precise and compact LIDAR systems.

Bringing Human-Like Reasoning to Driverless Car Navigation

TBMG-3477207/01/2019

With the aim of bringing more human-like reasoning to autonomous vehicles, MIT researchers have created a system that uses only simple maps and visual data to enable driverless cars to navigate routes in new, complex environments.

Infrared Light-Focusing Platform

TBMG-3463006/01/2019

Researchers have integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems to create a new infrared light-focusing system that combines the best features of both technologies while reducing the size of the optical system.

Retinas to Roadways: The Evolution of Optical Coherence Technology

TBMG-3462306/01/2019

Insight Photonic Solutions Lafayette, CO

Determine 24 GHz and 77 GHz Radar Characteristics of Surrogate Grass

2019-01-101204/02/2019

Road Departure Mitigation System (RDMS) is a new feature in vehicle active safety systems. It may not rely only on the lane marking for road edge detection, but other roadside objects This paper discusses the radar aspect of the RDMS testing on roads with grass road edges. Since the grass color may be different at different test sites and in different seasons, testing of RDMS with real grass road edge has the repeatability issue over time and locations. A solution is to develop surrogate grass that has the same characteristics of the representative real grass. Radar can be used in RDMS to identify road edges. The surrogate grass should be similar to representative real grass in color, LIDAR characteristics, and Radar characteristics. This paper provides the 24 GHz and 77 GHz radar characteristic specifications of surrogate grass.

Lin, Jun, Chen, Chi-Chih, Chien, Stanley, Sherony, Rini, Yi, Qiang, Chen, Yaobin

Vision System for Detecting a Small Object at Far Range

2019-01-088604/02/2019

As one of the advanced sensing technologies of Autonomous driving, we have started developing the new vision system. It focuses on detecting the small object at far ranges. It makes it possible to detour a vehicle along the traffic cones (small object). This system is based on the high-resolution mono-camera with narrow FOV and the algorithms for object-detection/ranging and lane-detection. A prototype is created and evaluated. It could detect the cones and estimate their ranges up to 150 [m]. The range accuracy is 5.3 [m]. Plural cones at different ranges can be measure at one time. The lane detection could reach 150 [m].

Miyahara, Shunji, Li, Huan, Xie, Kunpeng, Bai, Bai Jincheng

Laser Ranging Can See 3D Objects Melting in Fires

TBMG-3418104/01/2019

Optical range measurements, already used in manufacturing and other fields, may help overcome practical challenges posed by structural fires, which are too hot to measure with conventional electromechanical sensors mounted on buildings.

A Marriage of Light-Manipulation Technologies

TBMG-3390003/01/2019

Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging, and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems. In the collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory and Harvard University, researchers successfully crafted a metasurface-based lens atop a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) platform. The result is a new infrared light-focusing system that combines the best features of both technologies while reducing the size of the optical system.

Driverless Forklifts

TBMG-3388703/01/2019

Although driverless forklifts have been around for about 30 years, it's only in the last 10 or so that they've been free to maneuver anywhere around their environment. In the early days, the machines followed a current in a wire buried in a concrete floor. There have since been a handful of different approaches, but all are variants on that theme. They went from wires in the floor to paint on the floor, to tape on the floor, to magnets in the floor, to reflectors on the walls, to QR codes on the ground, but they were all just different types of landmarks. So, the vehicles were confined to a fixed path — quite predictable, but extremely inflexible.

Microresonators Offer Simpler Approach to Sensing With Light Pulses

TBMG-3355701/01/2019

Ultrashort optical pulses are becoming more and more relevant in a number of applications including distance measurement, molecular fingerprinting and ultrafast sampling. Many of these applications rely not only on a single stream of pulses — also known as optical frequency combs — but require two or even three of them. These multi-comb approaches significantly speed up acquisition time over conventional techniques.

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: October 2018

18AVEP1010/04/2018

Editorial As autonomy and mobility merge LiDAR Giant 100 competitors want to eat his lunch, but Velodyne president Mike Jellen aims to maintain leadership in this fast-moving, trillion-dollar technology space. Rewriting the Code Renovo's Aware operating system for Automated Mobility on Demand (AMoD) is expanding its reach as more players see open-platform software as a unifying-and simplifying-answer to quicker and less-costly automated-vehicle deployment. Expanding the Role of FPGAs New demands for on-vehicle data processing, and over-the-air updating, are expanding the use of these programmable semicon-ductors in production vehicles. The recent Daimler-Xilinx linkup shows the way forward. Sly HMI Mitsubishi Electric sees 'hybrid haptics' and even your own vehicle-de-ployed drone as new methods to enhance the in-cabin experience. Screen Glare be Gone A new atmospheric optical bonding process ensures the "smart surfaces" in AV cabins have significantly-reduced glare and greater clarity

Hyperfine Interpolated Range Finding for CW Lidar, Radar, and Sonar Using Repeating Waveforms and Fourier Transform Reordering

TBMG-3251808/01/2018

NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a novel fine interpolation technique that is useful in signal processing for applications in lidar, sonar, radar, and similar modalities. The interpolation technique uses repeating waveforms, Fourier transform reordering, and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to obtain faster and more accurate results. The prime target application is range finding, but the technique is equally suitable for differential absorption studies, such as determining CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

New Osram IREDs enhance vehicle vision without harming human eyes

18AUTP08_0801/01/2018

As a compliment to cameras, LiDAR and radar, a new family of Infrared LEDs (IREDs) can expand the vision of SAE Level 4 and 5 autonomous vehicles without harming human eyes, claims maker Osram Opto Semiconductors. Infrared night vision cameras, LiDAR, radar, and vehicle headlights will provide autonomous vehicles with an ability to see the surroundings at night, but the technologies have limitations.

Buchholz, Kami

3D Vision Made Easy

TBMG-2812101/01/2018

Whether it is the industrial smart robot in the age of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), using three-dimensional data to orient itself in its working space, the reverse vending machine counting empty bottles in a case, or the surface inspection system alerting personnel to the smallest material defect, three-dimensional information acquired by modern 3D sensors from the environment will be central to many industrial applications of the future.

Fusing sensors for the AUTOMATED-DRIVING FUTURE

18AUTP01_0201/01/2018

Complex processing architectures, faster networks and even more sophisticated software are vital for 100% accurate Level 4 and 5 systems. Piloted and autonomous driving systems depend on inputs from many types of sensors arrayed to create a highly accurate view of vehicle surroundings. Fusing all these inputs into a single image of each car, pedestrian and roadway marking takes a sophisticated architecture with hefty amounts of computing power and deterministic communications. At highway speeds, combining inputs from multiple camera views is a complex challenge by itself. But different sensor types are needed to avoid errors, so vehicle controllers must blend inputs coming from multiple sensors and multiple modalities.

Costlow, Terry

THE NAVIGATOR

18AUTP01_0801/01/2018

Cooking up the perfect automated-driving system Ask any group of chefs how to prepare a particular recipe and you'll find general agreement about the list of basic ingredients. However, between that list and the finished product are endless variations of process and proportions. Consider the humble cup of coffee. In its most basic form, it consists of roasted-and-ground beans to which water is added to create a dark brown caffeinated liquid. Then come the various bean origins (Colombian, Hawaiian, Ethiopian, etc.) and the variety of preparation: drip, percolators, espresso, press pots, cold brew and the latest fad, pour overs. The mind-boggling array of fancy coffee drinks on your local café's menu board shows there is clearly no consensus for making a cup of joe.

Abuelsamid, Sam

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