Browse Topic: Microscopy

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Failure Analysis of Dissimilar Metal Weld Joint of an Air Spring Bracket within an Automotive Active Seat Suspension System2026-26-0487To be published on 01/16/2026
In modern four-wheelers, seat suspension systems play a crucial role in enhancing occupant comfort by mitigating the effects of road unevenness and vibrations. Among these systems, active suspension mechanisms offer advanced performance through complex assemblies involving welded, riveted, and bolted joints. This study investigates the failure of an air spring bracket - a critical component of a pneumatic active suspension system - manufactured by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) of two dissimilar ferrous materials which are likely to be SAPH440 and S355J2. These different materials were used based on mechanical properties required to perform by their particular part. System level validation tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the seat suspension system. The one of the validation tests is continuous cyclic fatigue test which is carried out on the complete seat assembly. However, during vibration / cyclic endurance testing, premature failures were observed near the weld joints
Patale Jr, Reshma, PINJARI, JAYANT NAMDEV, BALI, SHIRISH
Assessing the impact of hole piercing edge quality on fatigue samples for S550MC steel sheet.2026-26-0306To be published on 01/16/2026
The exceptional strength, formability, and weldability of S550MC steel sheets make them a cornerstone material in the automotive industry. These properties translate into the creation of high-performance automotive components like chassis parts, structural reinforcements, and safety cages, ultimately contributing to enhanced vehicle safety and overall performance. Furthermore, S550MC steel boasts excellent fatigue resistance, a critical factor for ensuring long-term reliability in demanding automotive applications that experience repeated stress cycles. However, beyond its inherent properties, optimizing the performance of S550MC components hinges on a nuanced understanding of the critical relationship between hole edge quality and fatigue failure. This meticulous study delves into the impact of hole-piercing clearance on the quality of the hole edges in modified fatigue samples manufactured from S550MC steel, and its effect on the fatigue life. The surface morphology was assessed
Nahalde, Sujay, Hingalje, Abhijeet, Ughade, Vikas, Singh, Udita, More, Hemant
Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and emission control2026-26-0285To be published on 01/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technology to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium. The Niobium addition will reduce wear debris and improve NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness). The test methodology included: Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, and Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
Failure Prevention of Permanent Deformation in HNBR Elastomeric Diaphragms Used in CNG Valve Applications2026-26-0294To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubbers (HNBR) and its derivatives have gained the significant importance in automotive compressed natural gas (CNG) valve applications. In one of the four-wheeler CNG valve application, HNBR elastomeric diaphragms are being used for their excellent sealing and pressure regulation properties. The HNBR elastomeric diaphragm was developed to sustain CNG pressure more than 10 bars. However, it was found permanently deformed under 4 bar pressures. In the present work, a set of experiments were carried out in order to find out the primary root cause of diaphragm permanent deformation and preventing the failure for safe usage of the CNG gas. HNBR diaphragm deformation investigation was carried out using advanced qualitative and quantitative analysis method such as Soxhlet Extraction Column, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric
Patil, Bhushan Gulab, NAIKWADI, AMOL, Mali, Manoj, Tata, Srikanth
Investigation on Degradation Process of PdRuIr/CZ “Pseudo-Rh” Catalysts Used for Motorcycles2024-32-001604/18/2025
Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) are used as active substances in exhaust gas purification catalysts for automobiles. Among these, Rh is an essential element because it efficiently promotes a NOx reduction reaction. On the other hand, the price of Rh has been rising in recent years. From the perspective of the supply risk of rare resources, there is an urgent need to develop technologies to replace or reduce the amount of Rh used in catalysts. We focused on the pseudo-rhodium alloy developed by the ACCEL program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and then investigated the application of the pseudo-rhodium alloy on the catalysts of our motorcycles and also the degradation process. A nanosized PdRuIr alloy supported on a ceria-zirconia solid solution (PdRuIr/CZ) was prepared and assembled into a motorcycle for emissions measurement. The PdRuIr/CZ catalyst with an alloy loading of 4.0 g/L had initial properties comparable to the Rh supported on a CZ (Rh/CZ
Motegi, Takuya, Tatara, Shunya, Takamoto, Shunpei, Doi, Kosuke
Dormant Capacity Reserve in Lithium-Ion Batteries DetectedTBMG-5214312/01/2024
Lithium iron phosphate is one of the most important materials for batteries in electric cars, stationary energy storage systems, and tools. It has a long service life, is comparatively inexpensive and does not tend to spontaneously combust. Energy density is also making progress. However, experts are still puzzled as to why lithium iron phosphate batteries undercut their theoretical electricity storage capacity by up to 25 percent in practice. To utilize this dormant capacity reserve, it would be crucial to know exactly where and how lithium ions are stored in and released from the battery material during the charging and discharging cycles. Researchers at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) have now taken a significant step in this direction. Using transmission electron microscopes, they were able to systematically track the lithium ions as they traveled through the battery material, map their arrangement in the crystal lattice of an iron phosphate cathode with unprecedented
Moisture Condensation Management in Automotive Headlamp Using Super Hydrophilic Cross-Linked Polymer Composites2024-26-008401/16/2024
This work aims to develop potential super hydrophilic crosslinked smart polymer composites and condensation management device (CMD) for condensation control in automotive headlamps. Condensation and moisture buildup in the automotive headlamp decrease the visibility to the driver. The superhydrophilic crosslinked polymer composites were prepared with the combination of polyacrylamide-based hydrogels and hygroscopic lithium bromide desiccants. In this work, we have utilized various desiccants such as bromide, chloride and silica gel which is blended together with the polyacrylamide-based hydrogel. The prepared various compositional smart composites were characterized for chemical, thermal and morphological analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) & Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The developed super hydrophilic crosslinked polymer composites were kept into the designed
Chandkoti, Ikhlas, NAIKWADI, AMOL
Shaping Light Enables 2D Microscopes to Capture 4D DataTBMG-4598406/01/2022
Super temporal resolution microscopy allows imaging of fluorescent molecules 20 times faster than traditional lab cameras normally allow. A general method has been developed to let a microscope capture 3D spatial information along with the fourth dimension: molecular movement over time. This will help scientists who study dynamic processes view where molecules of interest are located and how fast they move; for example, within living cells.
Optical Black Coatings On Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Sandwich Structure With Aluminum Honeycomb Core For Satellites Applications.2022-26-114105/26/2022
The composite sandwich structure has been in use in space applications as a result of its high strength to weight ratio coupled with excellent compressibility strength. In particular, there has been tremendous demand for honeycomb sandwich structures for satellite application in recent years. Currently, a major problem needs to be addressed concerning reflections from satellite structures which leads to capturing in-accurate data of celestial bodies by ground-based astronomy. In the light of the above, this paper focuses on the development of novel optical black coatings on Carbon fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures with aluminum honeycomb core. A thin layer of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes black coatings was developed on the surfaces of Carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate of the sandwich structure using Chemical Vapour Deposition technique, to provide low scattering and low reflective surface. Three-point bending test are performed for evaluating the Youngs modulus
CS PhD, Ramesh, J, Sudharshan, Chaurasia, P Harsh
FE Modelling and Experimental evaluation for the surface integrity of thin walled aluminum alloy2022-26-120205/26/2022
The present study discusses the effect of installation torque on the surface and subsurface deformations for thin-walled 7075 aluminum alloy. A FE model was constructed to predict the effect of torque-induced stresses on thin-walled geometry followed by experimentation. Detailed surface analysis was performed on 7075 aluminum in terms of superficial discontinuities, residual stresses, and grain deformations. The localized strain hardening resulting from increased dislocation density and its effect on surface microhardness was further studied using EBSD and micro indentation. The predicted surface level plastic strain of 25% was further validated with grain deformations measured using optical and scanning electron microscopy.
Patil, Sandip Prakash, Yarolkar, Makrand
Fatigue Damage of Trim Dies Manufactured or Reconditioned by Different Routes2022-01-027403/29/2022
The compression fatigue behavior of sheet metal trimming die is studied. The trim dies were manufactured or reconditions through different fabrication processes and heat treatment conditions. An accelerated lab testing method is developed to evaluate die damage resistance under compressive cyclic load applied at the tool edge, analogous to sheet metal trimming die operation. The metal removal volume at the sheared edges were measured by image processing to quantify the degree of fatigue damage as a function of loading cycle number. The fatigue microstructural damage were examined with optical and scanning electron microscopies. The simulated die performances are compared among different die processing routes. A phenomenological trim die damage rate model in Paris law form was obtained and tuned with experimental data for tool life prediction.
Wu, Xin
Monolithic Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) substrate coated with CeO2-MnOx nanorods catalysts for soot oxidation2022-01-066203/29/2022
Abstract Noble metal based Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) are efficient aftertreatment devices to reduce the PM emissions of diesel engine at present. Because of the high-cost of noble metal, it is necessary to develop base metal soot combustion catalyst. In this work, CeO2-MnOx nanoparticles and nanorods catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method using different precipitant. The crystal morphology of CeO2-MnOx nanomaterials is identified by a scanning electron microscope. The nitrogen physisorption and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction results suggest that CeO2-MnOx nanorods has smaller specific surface area and greater redox capacity than CeO2-MnOx nanoparticles. The temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) tests were performed to evaluate the catalytic activity of the catalysts for soot oxidation. Results show that the CeO2-MnOx nanorods catalyst exhibits higher soot oxidation activity than CeO2-MnOx nanoparticles. Afterwards, the prepared CeO2-MnOx materials were
Hao, Shijie, Hu, Yifan, Yue, Jun, Lv, Yanan, Jiang, Jie, Zhang, Yun, Jia, xinyang
Wear and Corrosion Behaviours of PEA Alumina Coatings on Gray Cast Iron2022-01-039103/29/2022
Alumina (Al2O3) thin film coatings are applied on Al alloys using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) method to reduce the wear and corrosion problems. Plasma Electrolytic Aluminating (PEA) is a technique that could generate Alumina coatings on cast iron, mild steel, and copper alloys. In this study, the aim is to explore the anti-wear and anti-corrosion behaviours of PEA Alumina coatings on gray cast iron. The dry sliding tribology test data was obtained from Pin-on-Disk (POD) tests against SAE 52100 steel and Tungsten Carbide (WC) counterfaces. Comparing to the PEO Alumina coatings, the PEA Alumina coating has a much lower Coefficient of Friction (COF) and less wear. The microstructure, chemical composition, and phase composition of this coating were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. There was FeO (or FeAl2O4) found on the PEA Alumina coating. To figure out the relationship
Sun, Jiayi, Zhao, Chen, Cai, Ran, Tjong, Jimi, Nie, Xueyuan
Overcoming manufacturing challenges in mass production of vanadium micro-alloyed steel connecting rods2022-01-026403/29/2022
With recent advancements to create light weight engines and therefore, to design stronger and lighter connecting rods, automobile manufacturers have looked upon vanadium micro-alloyed steels as the material of choice. These materials have been developed keeping in mind the strength and manufacturing requirements of a connecting rod. Since, 36MnVS4 has been the most popular of this category, the same has been discussed in this paper. The transition of manufacturers from the traditional C70S6 grade to the new 36MnVS4 has to be dealt with in-depth study and modification of processes to adapt to new set of properties of the latter. C70S6 is a high carbon grade with superior manufacturability whereas 36MnVS4 is a medium carbon grade with superior strength and ductility owing to the presence of vanadium. This paper deals with the study of challenges in mass production of connecting rod using 36MnVS4 grade and overcoming the same using optimization of processes like controlled cooling, stress
Pillai, Pratik, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Venugopal, Sivakumar
Microstructure and tribological characteristics of the Cast A356 with Tungsten nanoparticles-based surface layer composite developed by friction stir processing route2021-28-026710/01/2021
In this appraisal, The Friction Stir Processing (FSP) was utilized to incorporate 5vol% and 10vol% of Tungsten nanoparticles for the modification of the as-cast A356 alloy properties. Keeping an eye on the stipulation to improve the wear and friction behavior of the cast A356 alloy stir zone surface, the tribometer test was done under dry sliding conditions in a pin on disc instrument on different parameters such as load applied (10-40N) and sliding velocity 1-3 m/s respectively. As a result, confirmed through scanning electron microscope image fine and equiaxed grains in the stir zone surface followed by agglomeration free uniform distribution of tungsten nano particles in the matrix as it constitutes of higher value of microhardness. Moreover, wear rate and Coefficient of friction increases on increasing the load applied at higher sliding velocity condition for all fabricated surface layer composite samples , and a lower value of wear rate and coefficient of friction was found in
R, Soundararajan, Venkitkumar, Nishanth, Prince Edward, Jerald Immanuel, K, Kaviyarasan
Effect of various synthetic and natural fibers for the production of copper-free automotive brake pads2021-28-027410/01/2021
In recent years, asbestos and copper free brake pads have attracted researchers due to its adverse environmental risks which make it mandatory for the manufacturers to look for a reliable replacement. It is essential to identify new combination of synthetic and natural fibers for the potential automotive brake pads. Experiments were planned to produce various frictional composites (1) glass fiber (2) carbon fiber (3) basalt fiber (4) hemp fiber with standard additional materials through hot pressing technique. The developed form of brake pads were tested as per ASTM and industrial standard practices like hardness, wear and friction. Also worn surface analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Most noteworthy tribometric operating parameters like load (10-40N), sliding velocity (1-5m/s) were being considered and wear mechanism for various types of composites and their performances are being discussed. In order to prove the application suitability, recovering synthetic
R, Soundararajan, Soundarrajan, Karthik, Rengaraj, Jeyakumar, gopal, Shanthosh
Investigation of High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal spray Coating over Mild Steel Surface as Replacement for Stainless Steel Material2021-28-026110/01/2021
The critical components in earlier were manufactured by mild steel but due to low corrosion resistance, stainless steel and aluminium alloy are being utilised. However a component of aluminium alloy has to be enriched by anodizing for long durability and better corrosion resistance. But peel off, pit formation, low adhesion and white rust formation are still the downfalls faced by the industries in the coated components over cyclic duration. High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is an adaptable method that can produce high-density coating with less than 1% porosity, high resistant to chemical environment providing better adhesion and increase the life of mating components. Though stainless steel and anodized aluminium alloy offers far superior life span and corrosion resistance but still more expensive than mild steel. This work evaluates the behaviour of HVOF thermal sprayed with tungsten, nickel and chromium containing WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating material over mild steel were found
gopal, Shanthosh, R, Soundararajan, Sakthivel, Vellingiri
AN INVESTIGATION ON CORROSION AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS2021-28-023810/01/2021
Corrosive and wear characteristics of biodiesel are important for long term durability of engine parts. The present study aims to compare the corrosion and wear behavior of aluminum and cast iron in both diesel and biodiesel. Immersion tests in biodiesel (B100) and diesel (D100) were carried out at 30°C for 1300 h. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements and changes on the exposed metal surface. Surface morphology and Energy dispersive x-ray analysis was examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDAX). The Results show that the extent of corrosion and change in fuel properties upon exposure to metals are more in biodiesel than that in diesel. Wear tests are performed for variety of reason, characterize materials and to select material for specific applications. To investigate the friction an wear behavior of bio diesel based lubricant variants pin on disc tribometer (Ducom). Before
Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, N, Boopalan, Praveenkumar, Nagarajan, Manojkumar, R, KITHIYON JOSHVA, G E, SAHAYA JUFERT ROY, J
Evaluation and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of PETG and CF – PETG Fabricated using FDM Process of Additive Manufacturing2021-28-020810/01/2021
The utilization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in the current manufacturing sector is growing day – by – day. This is made possible by the constant development of new materials and techniques to overcome the difficulties that are encountered while fabricating a part. In AM, parts are fabricated by laying successive layers on one another till the complete part is build. This gives AM an edge over conventional manufacturing. Even intricate or hollow parts can be fabricated with the same ease as fabricating a solid part. The key objective of this project is to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate – Glycol modified (PETG) and Carbon fiber reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate – Glycol modified (CF – PETG), which are fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process of AM. The ASTM standards D638 and D790 were followed for fabricating tensile test and Flexural test specimens respectively. Subsequently, fractured specimens are analyzed
Raja, Kumar, Naiju, CD, Senthil Kumar, M, Krishnan, Padmanabhan, Dessalegn, Naol
Experimental evaluation of microstructural and mechanical properties of Abaca/epoxy composite2021-28-028610/01/2021
Natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs) are known to have potential structural and non-structural applications in automobile industries. The mechanical properties documented in literature have supported the potentiality of the materials in such applications. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical properties of abaca/epoxy reinforced composite and understand the modes of failures from fractured surfaces. Abaca (a banana family tree) fibre processing is well-established as it is used in manufacture of garments in Asia. The composite specimens [45/0/0/45] were fabricated by hand-layup method and the mechanical tests (Tensile, Compression and Flexural) according to ASTM D standards. It was observed that, on an average, the composite failed at around 302 MPa in tensile loading, 0.083 MPa in compression load and 37.15 MPa in flexural load. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) based interpretations of the failure modes are presented alongside all test results for
Shaik, Mahaboob Subhani, Sankarasubramanian, Hariharan
SM002-testSAE-PP-0044909/24/2021
The aim of this study is to develop the simple approach to produce iron-tin (Fe-Sn) intermetallic compound for EV battery anode materials. Intermetallic FeSn2 compound was synthesized by two step method. Mechanical alloying of Fe and Sn element powders with equal atomic ratio was performed for 25 h. The mechanically alloyed powders compacts were processed via liquid phase sintering, in which the powders compacts were heated at different temperatures and for 10 min. The experimental materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The FeSn2 compound was formed during liquid phase sintering. However, the reaction between Fe and Sn was incomplete under the investigated sintering time of 10 min.
Mutagaana, Festo
CHARACTERIZATION OF CASTING DEFECTS IN GREY CAST IRON BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE2021-26-024609/22/2021
Castings by virtue of their manufacturing process route are prone to induce various defects which are likely to affect adversely during its service life, causing pre-mature failures. Multiple destructive and non-destructive evaluation techniques are practiced to analyze these defects and suitable measures are taken to ensure quality castings and avoid pre-mature failures. Accurate detection for each type of defect is key factor during analysis to adopt desired modifications in process and /or product stage. The quality of sound castings is sensitive to multiple factors starting from raw material chemical composition to mold design, pouring temperature conditions and so on. Scanning electron microscopy along with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) presents promising tool to analyze these defects with various parameters i.e. defect sizes, shapes & morphology, elemental composition at defect area and examination of defect appearance by SE (Secondary) and BSE (Backscattered) electron
Manwatkar, Asmita Ashok, Deshmukh, Prasanna Bhagwan
Experimental investigations on material compatibility of a methanol fuel supply system of a spark ignition engine2021-01-118909/21/2021
Material compatibility of fuel supply system comprised of different materials including elastomers (nitrile, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nitrile, chloroprene, natural rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)), aluminium and fuel filter (outer tin coated circular plate and paper) with methanol was studied. The specimens of the parts of the fuel supply system were immersed in methanol for a period of ninety days under atmospheric conditions. The properties of the specimens such as physical changes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surfaces and mechanical properties including tensile strength and strain at break were studied. It was observed from the images that the coating over the circular plate of fuel filter eroded while elastomers developed a whitish coat on their surfaces. SEM images indicated surfaces of EPDM, chloroprene and natural rubber were damaged significantly. Diffusion of methanol inside the elastomers negatively impacted on the increased mass of
Nidhi, Nidhi, Subramanian, K.A.
Eco-Friendly Aluminum-Air Batteries as a Possible Alternative to Lithium Systems2021-24-011109/05/2021
Lithium battery technology currently dominates the electrical vehicle market and it is expected will dominate over the next decade as it is mature enough to rapidly deliver new electrochemical devices. However, several issues related to safety and large scale availability of Lithium have determined in recent years the development of a new research field, known as "beyond Lithium", in the attempt to identify innovative systems for electric energy storage based on different metal anodes. In this context, metal-air batteries are the most promising electrochemical devices able to provide high theoretical energy and power densities and also, if properly conceived, to satisfy the sustainability characteristics imposed by modern legislations. Among the various metals considered as anode in metal-air batteries, Aluminum is the material with the most satisfactory parameters of economy/ecology and electrochemistry at the same time. The technological challenge in the research on Al-air batteries
Gaele, Maria F., Migliardini, Fortunato, Di Palma, Tonia M.
Plating, LeadAMS2414G (Current)08/09/2021
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposed lead on metal parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER, INSULATED, RECTANGULAR TONGUE, TIN WHISKER RESISTANT FOR THIN WALL WIRE, TYPE II, CLASS 1 FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATUREAS7928/9C (Current)08/03/2021
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER TERMINAL, LUG, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER, INSULATED, RING TONGUE, FOR THIN WALL WIRE, TIN WHISKER RESISTANT, TYPE II CLASS 1 FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATUREAS7928/8B (Historical)05/28/2021
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Plating, Nickel-Thallium-Boron or Nickel-Boron Electroless DepositionAMS2433D03/10/2021
This specification covers the requirements for an electroless nickel-thallium-boron or nickel-boron, deposit on various substrates.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER, INSULATED, RECTANGULAR TONGUE, TIN WHISKER RESISTANT FOR THIN WALL WIRE, TYPE II, CLASS 1 FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATUREAS7928/9B (Historical)02/26/2021
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, SPLICE, ELECTRIC, TIN WHISKER RESISTANT (PERMANENT, TYPE II, CLASS 1) FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATUREAS7928/10B (Historical)02/23/2021
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
6.0.102 - FeSnSAE-PP-0025802/04/2021
The aim of this study is to develop the simple approach to produce iron-tin (Fe-Sn) intermetallic compound for EV battery anode materials. Intermetallic FeSn2 compound was synthesized by two step method. Mechanical alloying of Fe and Sn element powders with equal atomic ratio was performed for 25 h. The mechanically alloyed powders compacts were processed via liquid phase sintering, in which the powders compacts were heated at different temperatures and for 10 min. The experimental materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The FeSn2 compound was formed during liquid phase sintering. However, the reaction between Fe and Sn was incomplete under the investigated sintering time of 10 min.
Mutagaana, Festo
Nanofabrication Technology for Production of Quantum Nano-Electronic Devices Integrating Niobium Electrodes and Optically Transparent Gates21AERP02_1102/01/2021
Devices created using this technology could be used for control and sending of qubit/quantum memory states to remote locations. Naval Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Niobium metal is used in the implantation of a variety of superconducting quantum devices. However, the technology is typically limited to use in conventional Josephson junctions based on Nb-AlOx-Nb produced entirely by sputtering. In addition, the devices are most commonly in a vertical stack covered by niobium metal, making it physically limited to access the embedded films that could comprise insulators, semiconductor, or hybrids with ions.
Nanofabrication Technology for Production of Quantum Nano-Electronic Devices Integrating Niobium Electrodes and Optically Transparent GatesTBMG-3853302/01/2021
Niobium metal is used in the implantation of a variety of superconducting quantum devices.
Plating, Chromium Hard DepositAMS2406P (Current)12/30/2020
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited hard chromium plate.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Q&A: A New Method for 3D Printing of Tiny Gel StructuresTBMG-3819112/01/2020
Dr. Andrei Kolmakov and a team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a method for 3D printing of tiny gel structures in liquids with electron beams — a method that has previously been limited to solids.
Imaging Technology Could Improve Cancer SurgeryTBMG-3799911/01/2020
A new imaging technology uses the way light from lasers interacts with cancerous and healthy tissues to distinguish between them in real time and with no physical contact — an advancement with the potential to eliminate the need for secondary surgeries to get missed malignant tissue. Intraoperatively, during surgery, the surgeon will be able to see exactly what to cut and how much to cut.
Facility Focus: Rochester Institute of TechnologyTBMG-3798711/01/2020
Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was founded in 1829 and adopted its current name in 1944. Today, in addition to its home in New York, RIT has partnerships on nearly every continent and overseas campuses located in China, Croatia, Dubai, and Kosovo.
Wavy Surfaces for Better Light ControlTBMG-3781910/01/2020
The Internet owes its power to countless light pulses with which enormous amounts of data are sent around the globe via optical fibers. To steer and control these light pulses, various technologies are employed. One of the oldest and most important is the diffraction grating, which deflects light of different colors in precisely determined directions. For decades, scientists have been trying to improve the design and production of diffraction gratings to make them suitable for today's demanding applications. Researchers now have developed a new method by which more efficient and more precise diffraction gratings can be produced.
Mass-Producible, Centimeter-Scale MetalensTBMG-3779510/01/2020
Metalenses — flat surfaces that use nanostructures to focus light — are used in everything from microscopy to sensors, cameras, and displays. But so far, most of the lenses have been about the size of a piece of glitter. While lenses this size work well for some applications, a larger lens is needed for low-light conditions.
Technology for Obtaining Asymmetries of Stereometric Shapes of the Sealing Rings Sliding Surfaces for Selected Anti-Wear Coatings2020-01-222909/15/2020
The article presents the methodology of obtaining asymmetric shapes of the sealing rings sliding surfaces. A very high product tolerance of 1 to 3μm stereometric shape was taken into account for various types of wear-resistant materials that meet the requirements of adhesion of the anti-wear coating to the substrate. In particular, an analysis was made of the possibilities of using various product technologies, a modification of the grinder intended for profile grinding of the sliding surface of the rings was carried out, and the process of ring machining was determined. Maintaining the stereometric shape of the sealing rings sliding surface similar to the axisymmetrical model, with a product deviation of no more than a few micrometers, for any measuring section in the cross section on the periphery of the ring, gives the opportunity to verify the impact of this shape on the parameters of oil film and friction loss. Experimental tests were performed determining the product quality of
Wróblewski, Piotr
Laser Technology Assesses Cancer CellsTBMG-3763909/01/2020
Devising the best treatment for a cancer patient requires doctors to know something about the traits of the particular cancer. One of the greatest difficulties in treating cancer is that cancer cells are not all the same. Even within the same tumor, cancer cells can differ in their genetics, behavior, and susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs.
World’s Smallest Imaging Device Could Lead to Improved Heart TreatmentsTBMG-3759509/01/2020
University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia
Miniature Electronic Devices Work Under Extreme PressureTBMG-3764809/01/2020
Miniature devices have seamlessly found their way into pressure-sensing and energy-harvesting technologies because of their ability to be frequently stretched, compressed, or twisted. Despite their force-bearing abilities, it is still unclear if repeated physical stress can damage the working of these miniature devices, particularly if there is already a defect in their construction.
Measuring Surface Roughness with an Atomic Force MicroscopeTBMG-3767609/01/2020
Thin films and engineered surfaces are used in a myriad of applications including semiconductor electronics, data storage, and precision optics. In many cases, surface roughness and related texture of these device components directly impact their overall quality and performance. Measurements of surface roughness and morphology can be essential, whether to validate an individual processing step or to obtain a quality control metric for the final product.
Ultrafast Camera Captures Transparent Objects and PhenomenaTBMG-3746808/01/2020
Phase-sensitive compressed ultrafast photography (pCUP) can take video not just of transparent objects but also of more ephemeral things like shockwaves and possibly even of the signals that travel through neurons. The new imaging system combines a high-speed photography system with phase-contrast microscopy that was designed to allow better imaging of objects that are mostly transparent such as cells, which are mostly water.
Smart Surgical MicroscopeTBMG-3746908/01/2020
Researchers have shown that hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence could predict the presence of cancer cells with 80 to 90% accuracy in 293 tissue specimens from 102 head and neck cancer surgery patients. The smart surgical microscope could help surgeons better detect cancer during surgery, reduce operating time, lower medical costs, and save lives. Hyperspectral imaging is noninvasive, portable, and does not require radiation or a contrast agent.
Multicolor Super-Resolution Imaging Made EasyTBMG-3735408/01/2020
Scientists at EPFL have developed robust and easy-to-implement multicolor super-resolution imaging. The approach is based on the simultaneous acquisition of two spectral channels followed by spectral cross-cumulant analysis and unmixing. They exploit fluorophore blinking and spectral crosstalk for the generation of additional color channels with super-resolved images.
New High-Speed Microscope Can Capture Brain NeuroactivityTBMG-3718307/01/2020
Our brain contains tens of billions of nerve cells (neurons) which constantly communicate with each other by sending chemical and electrical flashes, each lasting one millisecond. In every millisecond, these billions of swift-flying flashes travel together in a giant starmap in the brain that lights up a complicated glittering pattern. These are the origins of all body functions and behaviors such as emotions, perceptions, thoughts, actions, and memories; and also, brain disorders, for example, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Low-Cost Imaging System Poised to Provide Automatic Mosquito TrackingTBMG-3718407/01/2020
Mosquito-transmitted diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths every year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A new low-cost imaging system could make it easier to track mosquito species that carry disease, enabling a more timely and targeted response.
Semiconductors Can Behave Like Metals and SuperconductorsTBMG-3719807/01/2020
Semiconductors are the active parts of transistors, integrated circuits, sensors, and LEDs. These materials, mostly based on silicon, are at the heart of today’s electronics industry. Metals, on the other hand, wire the active electronic components and are the framework for the devices.
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