Browse Topic: Computed tomography (CT)

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Utilizing Computed Tomography for Cell Characterization, Quality Assessment, and Failure Analysis2024-26-01891/16/2024
This abstract presents an experimental study on using Computed Tomography (CT) scan technology for analyzing battery cell failures. Lithium-ion battery cells with known failure modes were subjected to cyclic test under different temperature and C-rates. CT scans provided high-resolution cross-sectional images of internal structures, revealing failure-related features. The advanced image processing techniques quantitatively assessed electrode morphology, active material distribution, and separator integrity. The study demonstrated CT scan's potential in non-destructive analysis, enabling a deeper understanding of failure mechanisms and informing improvements in cell design and manufacturing processes.
Singh, Sathya Prakash, Baidya, Kapil Krishna, ADHALE, Pratik
A Combined X-Ray CT and Mechanistic Characterization of Bearing Failure Mechanisms in Bolted Composite ComponentsF-0077-2021-168975/10/2021
ABSTRACT
Fulghum, Ethan, Kariyawasam,  Supun, Saathoff,  Caleb, Lua, Jim, Cui,  Xiaodong, Xiao,  Jian
Nondestructive Inspection Program Requirements for Aerospace SystemsAS6870 (Historical)12/10/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard defines the requirements for establishing a Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) program for aerospace systems to include but not not be limited to aircraft structure, aircraft stores (external structures such as antennas, pods, fuel tanks, weapons, radomes, etc.) and missile/rocket structural components when an NDI Program Plan is required by contract. NDI Programs are essential to ensuring NDI processes are implemented to support the lifecycle design requirements of the system and its components. NDI Programs are applicable to all phases of the system life cycle, including acquisition, modification, and sustainment. This standard may also be applicable to mechanical equipment, subsystems, and propulsion systems, but the requirements defined by the NDI Program Plan should be tailored by the contracting agency for such use. An NDI Program Plan shall be developed at the beginning of the technology development phase and shall define all NDI requirements to be
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Nondestructive Inspection Program Requirements for Aerospace SystemsAS6870-TEST-REC (Historical)12/10/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard defines the requirements for establishing a Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) program for aerospace systems to include but not not be limited to aircraft structure, aircraft stores (external structures such as antennas, pods, fuel tanks, weapons, radomes, etc.) and missile/rocket structural components when an NDI Program Plan is required by contract. NDI Programs are essential to ensuring NDI processes are implemented to support the lifecycle design requirements of the system and its components. NDI Programs are applicable to all phases of the system life cycle, including acquisition, modification, and sustainment. This standard may also be applicable to mechanical equipment, subsystems, and propulsion systems, but the requirements defined by the NDI Program Plan should be tailored by the contracting agency for such use. An NDI Program Plan shall be developed at the beginning of the technology development phase and shall define all NDI requirements to be
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
A Practical Guide to Semiconductor and System Design Capabilities for the Healthcare IndustryTBMG-3814712/1/2020
Analog and mixed signal semiconductors translate real-world signals like temperature, acceleration, pressure, sound, light, bioimpedance, biopotential, flow, touch, and many others into digital information that can be processed and output using a variety of embedded digital and software technologies. This article provides insight into what drives the R&D semiconductor industry for medical devices so healthcare device designers can be better informed about the open market semiconductor product options. It also highlights a sampling of semiconductor products and capabilities on the market today ideally suited for healthcare devices. Finally, it describes how a turnkey electronic design services company can help turn ideas or design needs into a finished, medically certified solution.
Using Computer Tomography Images to Simulate Heart FunctionTBMG-3821312/1/2020
Computer tomography systems, also known as CT scanners, are found in most hospitals. They can be used for a simple investigation to rapidly determine whether a patient has cardiovascular disease — problems with calcification of the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen. The investigation is quick and the patient can go home immediately following the scan. If it is suspected that something is wrong, however, it means a significantly longer and more complicated investigation, where the patient must spend the night in a hospital.
3D X-Ray Imager for 3D Object RetrievalTBMG-3821412/1/2020
Obtaining three-dimensional structural information inside objects in nondestructive way has been challenging. The most common approach is conventional computed tomography (CT) where either the object is rotated around one axis, or the x-ray source and detector are rotated around the object. Then the object structure is determined using a computation algorithm. This limits the application to cases where the object and structure inside the object is not changing over the time period needed to perform the scan. Furthermore, the resolution is determined by the x-ray source and detector characteristics.
Imaging Technology Could Improve Cancer SurgeryTBMG-3799911/1/2020
A new imaging technology uses the way light from lasers interacts with cancerous and healthy tissues to distinguish between them in real time and with no physical contact — an advancement with the potential to eliminate the need for secondary surgeries to get missed malignant tissue. Intraoperatively, during surgery, the surgeon will be able to see exactly what to cut and how much to cut.
Digital Twin Approach for Structural Property Evaluation of Next Generation Active Twist BladesF-0076-2020-1636610/5/2020
The digital twin (DT) refers to a digital replica or virtual model of actual physical product or process that can be applicable for various purposes. In this study, a digital reproduction of the next generation active twist blade, meeting superior durability characteristics and high strength requirements under severe operating environments of a helicopter rotor, is attempted using the up-to-date computed tomography (CT) scheme combined with modern digital image processing technique. The CT scan covers much portion of the blade root, transition, and tip regions where substantial variations in external geometries and/or interior structural layouts are present while limited zones in the airfoil blade region being considered as nonuniform. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element-based DT simulation model is constructed using the high-resolution CT-scan images. The detailed lamination geometries and sequences of layered composites in the blade skin and spar are implemented in the DT model
Hwang, Hyun, Kalow, Steffen, Ahn, Jun, Chang, Sehoon, Jung, Sung, Keimer, Ralf
Reimagining Knee Replacements with Additive Technology and Artificial IntelligenceTBMG-3784810/1/2020
Italian medical implant manufacturer REJOINT is introducing mass customization and therapy personalization through a combination of electron beam melting (EBM) and computerized analysis of intraoperative and post-operative data collection through IoT-connected sensorized wearables.
New Approach to Fastener Design Prevents Loosening in Medical DevicesTBMG-376819/1/2020
Engineers and managers who design and develop products for the medical marketplace or buy components and equipment understand that in any type of medical device — whether implant, ventilator, imaging equipment, or mobile tools pushed by cart — there can be severe consequences if critical fasteners loosen or fail during operation. If this occurs, such failure can be not only potentially life threatening but also costly in terms of liability risk, warranty claims, and reputation.
Temporary COVID-Specific Treatment and Testing Facilities Require Distinct Interconnect SolutionsTBMG-375909/1/2020
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the diagnostic testing, medical equipment, and healthcare professional communities have shifted much of their focus to temporary facilities requiring radio-frequency (RF) and microwave-dependent communications and diagnostic systems. The overwhelming demand for community-based testing (over 30,000,000+ tests administered to date) was further complicated by the fact that most testing needed to be accomplished in temporary field sites.
Superlight superbike: 2021 Ducati Superleggera V420AUTP09_019/1/2020
Ducati pioneers the first street-legal production motorcycle with a full carbonfiber chassis, as well as advanced aerodynamics. According to Ducati, the 2021 Superleggera V4 is its most-powerful, fastest and most-advanced production motorcycle. Ever. No mean claim from the Bologna-based manufacturer known for its raucous sportbikes. The Superleggera V4 is the first street-legal production motorcycle from a full-line manufacturer with an entirely carbon-composites based chassis. An exercise in cost-no-object engineering free of any homologation constraints, the machine will be limited to a production run of 500, at a princely $100,000 apiece. The 2021 Superleggera (“super light”) V4 is a follow-up to the 2016 1299 Superleggera, also a 500-unit production run (at a cool $65,000), that featured extensive lightweighting elements. Technically part of Audi within the Volkswagen Group, Ducati has been aligning more closely of late with Italian stablemate Lamborghini, which along with projects
Seredynski, Paul
Powering Up Medtech’s Modalities: Top Trends and Design ConsiderationsTBMG-373508/1/2020
We are living in a digitally integrated and connected world. Evidenced by the use of smartphones, smartwatches, and other smart devices, there is no ending this trend. This holds true across many industries and applications, but is especially prevalent within medtech devices — a market that’s predicted to reach $432.6 billion by 2025.1
Development and Verification of Body Armor Target Geometry Created Using Computed Tomography ScansTBMG-373678/1/2020
This research involved a new process developed to support the rapid development of computer-aided design (CAD) geometry to model personal protective equipment (PPE). The armor was developed and used in modeling and simulation for analysis of the Tier 4 Soldier Protection System (SPS) compared to the Improved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV). The goal of modeling the PPE CAD geometry was to create a representation of the armor system to scale relative to the Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment (ORCA) man model and place the armor system in the correct location relative to anatomical landmarks.
Development and Verification of Body Armor Target Geometry Created Using Computed Tomography Scans20AERP08_128/1/2020
Previous methods of target geometry modeling involving manual measurement of armor systems and the translation of those measurements into computer-aided design geometry could be replaced by more accurate computer scanning technology. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland This research involved a new process developed to support the rapid development of computer-aided design (CAD) geometry to model personal protective equipment (PPE). The armor was developed and used in modeling and simulation for analysis of the Tier 4 Soldier Protection System (SPS) compared to the Improved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV). The goal of modeling the PPE CAD geometry was to create a representation of the armor system to scale relative to the Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment (ORCA) man model and place the armor system in the correct location relative to anatomical landmarks. To reduce production time and increase accuracy of armor placement for vulnerability/lethality
Unlocking the Gate to the Millisecond CTTBMG-371927/1/2020
Many will undergo a CT scan at some point in their lifetime — being slid in and out of a tunnel as a large machine rotates around. X-ray computed tomography, better known by its acronym CT, is a widely used method of obtaining cross-sectional images of objects.
Sensors Offer Early Detection of Lung TumorsTBMG-372397/1/2020
Researchers have developed a new approach to early diagnosis of lung cancer: a urine test that can detect the presence of proteins linked to the disease. This kind of noninvasive test could reduce the number of false positives and help detect more tumors in the early stages of the disease.
New Plasma Process for Surface Treatment of ImplantsTBMG-371186/1/2020
The medical device industry has long sought surface modification solutions that will improve cell growth and proliferation on titanium, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polymer artificial implants. In some cases, plasma sprays are applied. However, within the industry there is concern that small particles of the coating could be released into the surrounding tissue. Radiofrequency (RF) plasma is another alternative, but the process generates quite a bit of heat — a distinct disadvantage when processing polymer implants.
Mechanical Response of Laterally-Constrained Prismatic Battery Cells under Local Loading2020-01-02004/14/2020
The crash safety of lithium-ion batteries has received great attention in recent years because of their growing popularity in electric vehicles. However, the safety issues of prismatic batteries have not been thoroughly studied; in particular, the mechanical responses of prismatic battery cells with lateral constraints under varied loading conditions still remain unclear. In this study, indentation tests are conducted to study the mechanical response of prismatic battery cells. Fixtures providing lateral constraint which simulates the real packing situation in battery module are designed. Firstly, the effects of lateral constraints on coupled mechanical and electrical responses of prismatic battery cells are analyzed and discussed. Secondly, dynamic indentation tests of prismatic cells with lateral constraints are carried out. The response of the stacked batteries under local loading is revealed. Thirdly, non-destructive X-ray computed tomography imaging technique is employed to detect
Xiao, Feiyu, Xing, Bobin, Xia, Yong
Characterization of Thoracic Spinal Development by Age and Sex with a Focus on Occupant Safety2020-01-05204/14/2020
Spine degeneration can lower injury tolerance and influence injury outcomes in vehicle crashes. To date, limited information exists on the effect of age and sex on thoracic spine 3-dimensional geometry. The purpose of this study is to quantify thoracic spinal column and canal geometry using selected geometrical measurement from a large sample of CT scans. More than 33,488 scans were obtained from the International Center for Automotive Medicine database at the University of Michigan under Institutional Review Board approval (HUM00041441). The sample consisted of CT scans obtained from 31,537 adult and 1,951 pediatric patients between the ages of 0 to 99 years old. Each scan was processed semi-automatically using custom algorithms written in MATLAB (The Math Works, Natick, MA). Five geometrical measurements were collected including: 1) maximum spinal curvature depth (D), 2) T1-to-T12 vertical height (H), 3) Kyphosis Index (KI), 4) kyphosis angle, and 5) spinal canal radius. The data
Parenteau, Chantal, Caird, Michelle, Kohoyda-Inglis, Carla, Holcombe, Sven, Wang, Stewart
Advanced analytical methods for the study of lubricant-derived ash and associated impacts on engine aftertreatment components2019-01-229312/19/2019
Catalytic and non-catalytic engine aftertreatment components, such as the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), selective catalytic reduction on filter (SCRF), the gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and the diesel particulate filter (DPF) are complex, multifunctional emissions control technologies that are robustly designed for extended use in harsh automotive exhaust environments. Over the useful component lifetime, lubricant-derived inorganic and incombustible ash accumulates in and/or on the surface of the aforementioned aftertreatment components, resulting in degraded performance and other potential problems. In order to better understand effects of ash in such components, a multiscale analytical approach is necessary, requiring a variety of experimental tools. This paper will briefly present a decade of analytical experience at the Sloan Automotive Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Kymanetics, Inc., specific to the fundamental understanding of the
Kamp, Carl Justin, Bagi, Sujay Dilip
Human Torso SimulatorTBMG-3570512/1/2019
Engineers have created a simulator that mimics the mechanical behavior of the human torso. It allows researchers to test different back brace designs and configurations without needing to test them on people, removing significant logistical and ethical issues.
X-ray Measurement Approach Could Improve CT ScannersTBMG-3544211/1/2019
A new measurement approach could lead to a better way to calibrate computed tomography (CT) scanners, potentially streamlining patient treatment by improving communication among doctors.
Microrobots Activated by Laser Pulses for Treating TumorsTBMG-351539/1/2019
Microrobots that can deliver drugs to specific spots inside the body while being monitored and controlled from outside the body have been developed that also can treat tumors in the digestive tract.
Industrial CT is Hip: Quality of Life Enhanced with Additive ManufacturingTBMG-349788/1/2019
Orthopedic devices play a crucial role in providing pain relief, improving mobility, and enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. The medical devices and procedures used in orthopedics are constantly being upgraded due to changing consumer needs. Technological advancements and integration of digital technologies have triggered changes in demand, for patients and healthcare professionals alike.
Surgeons Use Augmented Reality to Reconnect Blood VesselsTBMG-349258/1/2019
Following severe trauma, patients may have tissue damage or open wounds that require reconstructive surgery using fasciocutaneous flaps. These flaps of tissue, which are taken from elsewhere on the body and include the skin and blood vessels, are used to cover the wound and enable it to close and heal properly. A vital step in the process is connecting the blood vessels of the new tissue with those at the site of the wound, so oxygenated blood can reach the new tissue and keep it alive.
AI Enables Low-Dose CT ScansTBMG-349698/1/2019
Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) technique that uses image post-processing to rapidly convert low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans to images of superior quality, compared to low-dose scans that do not use the AI technique.
Image-Analysis Software Sees Cancer in 3DTBMG-349288/1/2019
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
AI Spots Lung Cancer Before RadiologistsTBMG-348137/1/2019
Deep learning — a form of artificial intelligence — was able to detect malignant lung nodules on low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) scans with a performance meeting or exceeding that of expert radiologists.
Full-Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung-Related DiseasesTBMG-346196/1/2019
Microphones and stethoscopes are regularly used by physicians to detect sounds when monitoring physiological conditions. These monitors are coupled directly to a person's body and measure in certain bandwidths either by listening or by recording the signals. The physiological processes, such as respiration and cardiac activity, are reflected in a different frequency bandwidth from 0.01 Hz to 500 Hz.
Monitor Babies in the NICU Without WiresTBMG-345816/1/2019
An interdisciplinary Northwestern University team has developed a pair of soft, flexible wireless sensors that replace the tangle of wire-based sensors that currently monitor babies in hospitals’ neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and pose a barrier to parent-baby cuddling and physical bonding. The lead researcher was John A. Rogers, a bioelectronics pioneer, who led the technology development. The team recently completed a series of first human studies on premature babies at Prentice Women’s Hospital and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. The researchers concluded that the wireless sensors provided data as precise and accurate as that from traditional monitoring systems. The wireless patches also are gentler on a newborn’s fragile skin and allow for more skin-to-skin contact with the parent. Existing sensors must be attached with adhesives that can scar and blister premature newborns’ skin. The study, involved materials scientists, engineers, dermatologists, and
In-process Defect Monitoring and Correction in Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum AlloysF-0075-2019-146235/13/2019
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has become increasingly popular to fabricate complex, light-weight, and high- efficiency components for use in the aerospace industry; however, there are inherent limitations in existing AM processes that have delayed widespread implementation for aviation applications. Porosity is just one example of the key characteristics that can impact the mechanical strength of an AM part. This research focuses on a real-time feedback system to detect and correct defects during the powder bed fusion process of aluminum alloys. In this study, AlSi10Mg coupons were built using various AM parameters. The build process was continuously monitored via a high-frequency in-situ infrared camera which had been integrated into a commercial metal powder bed fusion machine. Porosity information (pore location and size) of the as-built AM coupons were characterized using x-ray computed tomography. The monitoring results were post processed and correlated with porosity location
Jalalahmadi, Behrooz, Slotwinski, John, Liu, Jingfu, Rios, Jason, Peitsch, Christopher, Goldberg, Arnold, Montalbano, Timothy
Reliable Structures and Wearable Systems Call for Multiphysics SimulationTBMG-344425/1/2019
The increasing demand for miniaturized electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created new challenges for the specialists who design microdevices such as actuators, controllers, drivers, sensors, and transmitters. From responsive equipment and wearable monitors to energy efficient lighting in the office and automation in the factory, engineers need to bridge the microscopic components of semiconductors and our macroscopic world with reliable and innovative products. This shift has inspired engineers to find new solutions by exploring their ideas in the virtual world of numerical simulation.
3D Printer Uses Rays of Light to Shape ObjectsTBMG-343885/1/2019
Most 3D printers, including light-based techniques, build up 3D objects layer by layer. This leads to a “stair-step” effect along the edges. They also have difficulties creating flexible objects because bendable materials could deform during the printing process, and supports are required to print objects of certain shapes, like arches.
Dining on Data19AVEP05_065/1/2019
Processing, in real-time, the enormous data stream that's flowing through AVs is increasingly the job of NVIDIA's mighty GPUs. Danny Shapiro relishes the feast. Every year, NVIDIA hosts its GPU Technology Conference (GTC), a multi-day news conference/expo to highlight the advances the tech company has made in the past 12 months. In 2018, the big automotive news at GTC was the introduction of DRIVE Constellation, a simulation system designed to “train” the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms used for autonomous driving. One year and countless line of code updates later, NVIDIA announced at GTC 2019 that the Toyota Research Institute-Advanced Development (TRI-AD) would be the first publicly named customer for DRIVE Constellation. Danny Shapiro, NVIDIA's senior director of automotive, could have used the moment as an excuse to celebrate. Instead, he was all business as he sat down with SAE's Autonomous Vehicle Engineering and contemplated the work still to do.
Blanco, Sebastian
Fast and Accurate Simulation of Manufactured Parts with DefectsTBMG-343985/1/2019
Unwanted porosity is typical to many manufacturing processes — from traditional casting to additive manufacturing (3D printing) — and is difficult to avoid entirely. Manufacturers need to know what amount of porosity is tolerable inside a part without affecting its strength and performance.
Quantitative Analysis of Ash Density and Ash Distribution inside DPF Honeycomb Channels Based on X-ray Computed Tomography2019-01-09794/2/2019
Simulation of soot and ash deposits in diesel particulate filters (DPF) often assumes uniform distributed cake-layer and/or plug accumulation at the very end section of the inlet channels, which may not reflect some conditions in the field. For example, cake-layer thickness changes along the filter length, and plugs show up not only at the end section but also at the middle section or even near the inlet section. This paper presents detailed microscopic analytical techniques which have been developed and applied to quantitatively derive the density and distribution of ash deposits inside DPF honeycomb monoliths. The ash loading experiments were done in a combined engine/burner test facility. Specifically, X-Ray tomography (X-Ray CT) was used extensively, which has the advantage of non-contaminating the ash deposits. A unique 2D and 3D data processing procedure was developed so that quantitative and statistical analyses could be done to extract ash layer/end-plug deposition information
Wang, Yuesen, Wong, Victor
Consideration of Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Wire at Crimped Terminal and Effective Anti-Corrosion Treatment2019-01-04864/2/2019
The demand for weight reduction of vehicles is growing in compliance with CO2 emission control requirements. Also, demand for copper is on the rise with an increase in the number of electric vehicles because their motors and wiring require a lot of copper. This has raised concerns about higher copper prices and vehicle weight. Recently, attempts to reduce vehicle weight have been actively made by partially replacing copper with aluminum, which is lighter and less expensive. Although the use of aluminum wires on limited areas of some vehicles has already been reported, that on all areas has not been reported yet. The authors focus on reducing weight of wiring harnesses, which is about 20 kg per vehicle, and consider using aluminum instead of copper as the conductor of the electrical wires. One of the factors impeding the use of aluminum wires in wider areas is galvanic corrosion occurring at crimped terminals. Since aluminum causes galvanic corrosion when the metal is in electrical
Kawaguchi, Takuya, Fukaura, Keiji, Nakamura, Yuki, Mochizuki, Makoto, Otani, Satoshi
Design of High Performance Coated GPF with 2D/3D Structure Analysis2019-01-09774/2/2019
In recent years along with stringent the regulations, vehicles equipped with gasoline particulate filter (GPF) have started to launch. Compared to bare GPF, coated GPF (cGPF) requires not only PN filtration efficiency, low pressure drop, but also purification performance. In the wall flow type cGPF having a complicated the pore shape, the pore structure further irregularly changes depending on the coated state of the catalyst, so it is difficult to understand the matter of in-wall. In order to advance of cGPF function, it was researched that revealing the relevance between pore structure change in the wall and GPF function. Therefore, to understand the catalyst coated state difference, cGPF of several coating methods were prepared, and their properties were evaluated by various analyses, and performance was tested. First of all, as a result of Mercury porosimetry analysis revealed that the pore diameter of the filter wall of GPF is a key factor for the pressure drop and the Particulate
Seki, Chiaki, Watanabe, Takayuki, Mori, Takeshi, Furukawa, Atsushi, Satoh, Naohiro, Imai, Yusuke, Matsuo, Yuichi
Phenomenological Investigations of Mid-Channel Ash Deposit Formation and Characteristics in Diesel Particulate Filters2019-01-09734/2/2019
Accumulation of lubricant and fuel derived ash in the diesel particulate filter (DPF) during vehicle operation results in a significant increase of pressure drop across the after-treatment system leading to loss of fuel economy and reduced soot storage capacity over time. Under certain operating conditions, the accumulated ash and/or soot cake layer can collapse resulting in ash deposits upstream from the typical ash plug section, henceforth termed mid-channel ash deposits. In addition, ash particles can bond (either physically or chemically) with neighboring particles resulting in formation of bridges across the channels that effectively block access to the remainder of the channel for the incoming exhaust gas stream. This phenomenon creates serious long-term durability issues for the DPF, which often must be replaced. Mid-channel deposits and ash bridges are extremely difficult to remove from the channels as they often sinter to the substrate. The current study is comprised of
Kamp, Carl Justin, Bagi, Sujay, Wang, Yujun
Non-Destructive Evaluation for High-Pressure Composite Tubes using a Hybrid Approach2019-01-12684/2/2019
Recently, composite materials/structures are getting increasingly used in the automotive and aerospace industry. Defects issue is commonly associated with the use of composite materials/structures. Reliable Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of composite structures is still challenging due to the existence of small size defects. In this research, a hybrid approach is used to accurately determine small size internal defects. In this hybrid approach, X-Ray Computed Tomography is used as a reference to accurately determine all defect locations, then a digital shearography method is used to conduct fast NDE for in-line testing. The critical shearographic NDE parameters such as shearing angle, shearing distance and loading amount are determined and optimized based on the X-ray CT scan result. From the comparison of X-ray CT scan results and digital shearography NDE results, the detection rate of digital shearography for defects with a size of larger than 1mm is from 91.91% to 97.30%. The
Xie, Xin, Zhou, Zhou, Kolambe, Himanshu, Bothe, Abhijit
Durability Study of a High Pressure Common Rail Fuel Injection System Using Lubricity Additive Dosed Gasoline-Like Fuel - Additional Cycle Runtime and Teardown Analysis2019-01-02634/2/2019
This study is a continuation of previous work assessing the robustness of a Cummins XPI common rail injection system operating with gasoline-like fuel. All the hardware from the original study was retained except for the high pressure pump head and check valves which were replaced due to cavitation damage. An additional 400 hour NATO cycle was run on the refurbished fuel system to achieve a total exposure time of 800 hours and detect any other significant failure modes. As in the initial investigation, fuel system parameters including pressures, temperatures and flow rates were logged on a test bench to monitor performance over time. Fuel and lubricant samples were taken every 50 hours to assess fuel consistency, metallic wear, and interaction between fuel and oil. High fidelity driving torque and flow measurements were made to compare overall system performance when operating with both diesel and light distillate fuel. Injector rate shapes were measured as a function of time, and high
Tzanetakis, Tom, Traver, Michael, Costanzo, Vincent, Medina, Roberto, Nelson, John, Matusik, Katarzyna, Sforzo, Brandon, Kastengren, Alan, Powell, Christopher
Create the Future Design Contest Alumni Achieve Market SuccessTBMG-339343/1/2019
The Create the Future Design Contest, launched in 2002 by the publishers of Tech Briefs magazine, helps stimulate and reward engineering innovation. The annual event has attracted more than 15,000 product design ideas from engineers, entrepreneurs, and students worldwide.
Predicting Leaky Heart Valves with 3D PrintingTBMG-337252/1/2019
More than one in eight people aged 75 and older in the United States develop moderate-to-severe blockage of the aortic valve in their hearts, usually caused by calcified deposits that build up on the valve's leaflets and prevent them from fully opening and closing. Many of these older patients are not healthy enough to undergo open heart surgeries; instead, they have artificial valves implanted into their hearts using a procedure called transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), which deploys the valve via a catheter inserted into the aorta. There are challenges with this procedure, however, including the need to choose the perfect-sized heart valve without ever actually looking at the patient's heart: too small, and the valve can dislodge or leak around the edges; too large, and the valve can rip through the heart, carrying a risk of death. Like Goldilocks, cardiologists are looking for a TAVR valve size that is “just right.”
Titanium Alloy Preforms from Plasma Arc Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing on Substrate Ti-6Al-4V Stress RelievedAMS7004 (Current)1/31/2019
This specification covers preforms fabricated up through 5.5 inches (140 mm) inclusive in deposition width thickness (see 8.2.5) using a Plasma Arc Directed Energy Deposition (PA-DED) additive manufacturing process on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate that are subjected to post-deposition stress relief heat treatment. This is a wire fed additive manufacturing process. If required by the CEO, preforms may require subsequent machining to meet requirements for their intended final part application.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Human Images from World's First Total-Body Medical Scanner UnveiledTBMG-335651/1/2019
EXPLORER, the world's first medical imaging scanner that can capture a 3D picture of the whole human body at once, has produced its first scans.
Customizing Implants With 3D Image ProcessingTBMG-335621/1/2019
Long-term patient comfort is a key part in any implant surgeries. Accurate placements of implants, of knees, hips, and other medical devices, is crucial to reducing the risk of discomfort and the need for costly revision surgeries. Custom-designed implants and simulation is a field of growing importance, giving clinicians and designers freedom to tailor designs for patients and make more informed surgical decisions. In addition to streamlining the manufacturing process, this approach enables multiple implant variations and pathologies to be considered at the virtual stage through additive manufacturing. This is as opposed to finding and correcting problems through trial and error.
Special Metals Make Unparalleled Medical Devices PossibleTBMG-335721/1/2019
Around the world, people are living longer with more active lifestyles thanks to continuing advancements in medical technology. This evolution in technology stems from the development of sophisticated metals and alloys that are finding new uses in internal and external medical applications. From improvements in diagnostic guide wires to new alloys for permanent implants in the body, metals continue to find new uses.
New X-Ray Scanning Method Reveals How Particles Move in SolutionTBMG-335531/1/2019
A new method of X-ray scanning will allow for the visualization of many more biological molecules, providing critical information about what is inside molecules to scientists who currently can only access their outer shape or envelope. Such information could be a major boost to studies of viruses, for example.
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