As embedded electronic control systems are increasingly penetrating vehicle subsystems, the designers are faced with a dilemma of providing state of art vehicle features on one hand and ensuring frugal implementation of the same to meet competitive pressures on the other. For embedded software and hardware systems this means adoption of judicious and innovative design choices with reusable building blocks. This paper dwells upon various design aspects of control and monitoring which are frequently used for automotive applications such as feed-forward and proportional integral control, diagnostics for sensor boundary conditions, handling of intermittent faults without causing nuisance to the vehicle users etc.

Vaidya, Vishwas Manohar

Future Automotive Embedded Systems Enabled by Efficient Model-Based Software Development

2021-01-0129

4/6/2021

This paper explains why software for efficient model-based development is needed to improve the efficiency of automakers and suppliers when implementing solutions with next generation automotive embedded systems. The resulting synergies are an important contribution for the automotive industry to develop safer, smarter, and more eco-friendly cars. To achieve this, it requires implementations of algorithms for machine learning, deep learning and model predictive control within embedded environments. The algorithms’ performance requirements often exceed the capabilities of traditional embedded systems with a homogeneous multicore architecture and, therefore, additional computing resources are introduced. The resulting embedded systems with heterogeneous computing architectures enable a next level of safe and secure real-time performance for innovative use cases in automotive applications such as domain controllers, e-mobility, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, the

Schaefer, Juergen, Christlbauer, Herbert, Schreiber, Alexander, Reith, Graham, Jonker, Mischa, Potman, Jordy, Dannebaum, Udo, Eissfeldt, Tjark

Innovative Control and Monitoring Algorithms and Strategies Based on Judicious Functional Partitioning and Frugal Engineering Concepts

2021-01-0124-TEST-REC4/6/2021

Vaidya, Vishwas Manohar

Weapon Fire Control System

TBMG-385362/1/2021

Smart Shooter Yagur, Israel 972-524714002

CES 2021: Deere demos tractor, high-precision planter via virtual reality

21TOFHP02_092/1/2021

Digital technology is rapidly transforming off-highway equipment, giving users more functionality and higher precision than is possible with human operators. John Deere highlighted its advanced electronic skills during the virtual CES 2021 conference in January by giving remote booth attendees virtual reality (VR) headsets that demonstrated its technical prowess. Deere highlighted its ExactEmerge planter technology and its 8RX track-type tractor during the virtual trade show. The two can be paired to boost yields, letting operators plant seeds with high precision even while running at 10 mph (16 km/h), double the rate possible with earlier generations.

Costlow, Terry

The Role of Prototype/Test Systems in Next-Generation C5ISR Development

TBMG-3825412/1/2020

Providers of C5ISR solutions often focus on the powerful deployable computer systems that provide superior performance capability. But to get to that end-design, there were prototyping/test systems that played a critical role in their development. It’s an important time for development systems as the military moves to more advanced modular open standard systems. This includes the SOSA/HOST/CMOSS efforts over the OpenVPX architecture, wideband testing via programable software defined radios (SDRs), and much more.

Integration of Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Modular Open System Approach using DevSecOps with Agile Software Methods

F-0076-2020-16359

10/5/2020

One of the most significant barriers to adoption of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (Ref. 1) and the Modular Open System Approach (MOSA) (Ref. 2) is a cost-effective and commonly understood process that combines the best of both. Such a process must earn its way as a replacement for traditional processes used for the development of embedded software. Most, if not all, developers of embedded flight software have development processes that have evolved over many years. This creates a situation in which the one-time expense of conversion to a new process can be cost prohibitive. As such, adoption of MBSE has been limited and compliance with the intent of MOSA statutory and regulatory requirements has been mainly conformance to an open standard. Systems can be built that are modular but not open. Modularity can be a desirable design objective for quality systems engineering (such as the separation of concerns or encapsulation of functionality) apart from the open systems qualities

DuBois, Thomas, Stough, John, Linden, David, Walsh, David, Goebel, Christopher, Matthews, Robert

Embedded Boards Help Drive Commercial AVs

20AVEP07_107/1/2020

Kontron is leading a trend toward smaller, more lightweight and power-efficient electronic architectures. Transportation technologies driven by autonomy are making partnerships an increasingly important part of vehicle-development strategies. That has created significant openings for design and development companies like Kontron, which is leveraging its expertise in high-end embedded systems to expand its position in commercial vehicles. The board-and-system supplier is working with a number of ecosystems created to address the many issues related to autonomy. Products for rail, mining and off-highway have been part of the portfolio for Kontron, which also designs advanced technology for industrial, avionics, medical and military customers. There is a growing connection between vehicle systems and high-end embedded digital electronics, driven in part by the change from several distributed control units to fewer centralized controllers.

Costlow, Terry

Application Layer - Diagnostics

J1939/73_202006 (Historical)6/9/2020

SAE J1939-73 defines the SAE J1939 messages to accomplish diagnostic services and identifies the diagnostic connector to be used for the vehicle service tool interface. Diagnostic messages (DMs) provide the utility needed when the vehicle is being repaired. Diagnostic messages are also used during vehicle operation by the networked electronic control modules to allow them to report diagnostic information and self-compensate as appropriate, based on information received. Diagnostic messages include services such as periodically broadcasting active diagnostic trouble codes, identifying operator diagnostic lamp status, reading or clearing diagnostic trouble codes, reading or writing control module memory, providing a security function, stopping/starting message broadcasts, reporting diagnostic readiness, monitoring engine parametric data, etc. California-, EPA-, or EU-regulated OBD requirements are satisfied with a subset of the specified connector and the defined messages.

Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

Model-Based Design of Service-Oriented Architectures for Reliable Dynamic Reconfiguration

2020-01-13644/14/2020

Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) are well-established solutions in the IT industry. Their use in the automotive domain is still on the way. Up to now, the automotive domain has taken advantage of service-oriented architectures only in the area of infotainment and not for systems with hard real-time requirements. However, applying SOA to such systems has just started but is missing suitable design and verification methodologies. In this context, we target to include the notion of model-based design to address fail-operational systems. As a result, a model-based approach for the development of fail-operational systems based on dynamic reconfiguration using a service-oriented architecture is illustrated. For the evaluation, we consider an example function of an automatically controlled braking system and analyze the reconfiguration time when the function fails. The reconfiguration time, together with the worst-case execution time (WCET), was determined by a model-based calculation

Oszwald, Florian, Obergfell, Philipp, Liu, Bo, Pazmino Betancourt, Victor, Becker, Juergen

Automated Generation of AUTOSAR ECU Configurations Using Xtend: Watchdog Driver Example

2020-01-13354/14/2020

Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) is a system-level standard that is formed by the worldwide partnership of the automotive manufacturers and suppliers who are working together to develop a standardized Electrical and Electronic (E/E) framework and architecture for automobiles. The AUTOSAR methodology has two main activities: system configuration and the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) configuration. The system configuration is the mapping of the software components to the ECUs based on the system requirements. The ECU configuration process is an important part of the ECU software integration and generation. ECU specific information is extracted from the system configuration description and all the necessary information for the implementation such as tasks, scheduling, assignments of the runnables to tasks and configuration of the Basic Software (BSW) modules, are performed. The ECU configuration process involves configuring every single module of the AUTOSAR architecture. Due

Sreeram, Usha, Khalid, Mohamed, Noczensky, Jan

Overcoming Operational Blindness in Software Architecture

2020-01-13364/14/2020

A lesson learned on why software architects fall short of expectations and how to fix it by changing the focus. Detailing the design that is already clear in the head comes natural to an architect. Afterall most architects are basically aged developers. Consequently, this haste to get started - and even excitement about the technical challenges - prevents them from being effective. This paper is about the two small parts which make a developer become an architect: Discipline and Scope. The following chapters cover the challenges as well as the lessons learned in the development of an embedded automotive software architecture. Based on the experience from different embedded applications the following structure will be followed: Part 1: Where to start with a new design This is the main question asked by new software architects. A good design starts with a clear value proposition. What is the goal and scope of the architectural design? Different answers are discussed and a good example

Berger, Nils

Selftrust - A Practical Approach for Trust Establishment

2020-01-07204/14/2020

In recent years, with increase in external connectivity (V2X, telematics, mobile projection, BYOD) the automobile is becoming a target of cyberattacks and intrusions. Any such intrusion reduces customer trust in connected cars and negatively impacts brand image (like the recent Jeep Cherokee hack). To protect against intrusion, several mechanisms are available. These range from a simple secure CAN to a specialized symbiote defense software. A few systems (e.g. V2X) implement detection of an intrusion (defined as a misbehaving entity). However, most of the mechanisms require a system-wide change which adds to the cost and negatively impacts the performance. In this paper, we are proposing a practical and scalable approach to intrusion detection. Some benefits of our approach include use of existing security mechanisms such as TrustZone® and watermarking with little or no impact on cost and performance. In addition, our approach is scalable and does not require any system-wide changes

Abhyankar, Ranjit Vinayak, A, Sreenath

Urban Pilot Motion Planning and Control Deployment Via Real-Time Multi-Core Multi-Thread Prototyping

2020-01-01254/14/2020

In this work, the functional development of motion planning and control for SAE level-4 autonomous urban pilot is presented, including its architecture design, algorithm development, software implementation and hardware prototype. First, a completely AVL in-house designed, modular and generic Advanced Driver Assist System (ADAS) and Automated Driving (AD) application architecture is deployed, such that the motion planning and control modules can communicate with decision making, environment modeling and localization modules. Second, A road-navigation-oriented, sampling-and-searching-based iterative spatial-temporal motion planning algorithm is developed and integrated with classical motion control algorithms, via a ©MATLAB/Simulink implementation platform. Finally, the integrated motion planning and control subsystem is prototyped in ©Speedgoat hardware, via a real-time multi-core multi-thread deployment methodology. The proposed motion planning and control deployment has been

Sun, Yue, Goila, Ankit, Demir, Damla, Tapli, Tugba

Research on the Enhanced ADAS Functions with Modular Design Based on 5G-V2X Technology

2020-01-50262/24/2020

This paper will mainly discuss the effect of the combination of the 5th generation wireless systems - Vehicle to Everything (5G-V2X) technology an Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) functions. With the promotion and popularization of 5G technology with high bandwidth and bottom delay, V2X has been able to quickly and safely transmit more information to target vehicles in need in the field of automatic driving. Traditional ADAS functions development has been carried out for decades, but there are still many unsolvable problems in perception and decision-making. In this paper, V2X technology is introduced into the auxiliary driving functions of L0-L3 stage by using the idea of platform module design. On the basis of not redeveloping the original functions, the existing problems of perception and decision-making are improved. Through the experimental demonstration in this paper, this method can indeed save the development cost and shorten the development cycle.

Pingfan, Jin, Jiayi, Guan, Guoqi, Zhong

Autonomous Vehicles Scenario Testing Framework and Model of Computation

12-02-04-001512/18/2019

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology has the potential to fundamentally transform the automotive industry, reorient transportation infrastructure, and significantly impact the energy sector. Rapid progress is being made in the core artificial intelligence engines that form the basis of AV technology. However, without a quantum leap in testing and verification, the full capabilities of AV technology will not be realized. Critical issues include finding and testing complex functional scenarios, verifying that sensor and object recognition systems accurately detect the external environment independent of weather conditions, and building a regulatory regime that enables accumulative learning. The significant contribution of this article is to outline a novel methodology for solving these issues by using the Florida Poly AV Verification Framework (FLPolyVF).

Alnaser, Ala Jamil, Akbas, Mustafa Ilhan, Sargolzaei, Arman, Razdan, Rahul

Hydrogen Surface Vehicle to Station Communications Hardware and Software

J2799_201912 (Historical)

12/13/2019

This standard specifies the communications hardware and software requirements for fueling hydrogen surface vehicles (HSV), such as fuel cell vehicles, but may also be used where appropriate, with heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., busses) and industrial trucks (e.g., forklifts) with compressed hydrogen storage. It contains a description of the communications hardware and communications protocol that may be used to refuel the HSV. The intent of this standard is to enable harmonized development and implementation of the hydrogen fueling interfaces. This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the hydrogen fueling protocols in SAE J2601 and nozzles and receptacles conforming with SAE J2600.

Fuel Cell Standards Committee