Browse Topic: Cable and wire harness

Items (509)
Describes the relative measurement of assessing the damage zone of arc plasma to determine appropriate separation/segregation requirements between a wire harness and nearby components
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
As per Committee/Henry E. Harschburger recommendations
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This paper deals with the influence of engine failure during hover on the wiring harness mass of electrical Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft. It starts by presenting possible strategies which can be used to distribute the additional thrust needed during an engine failure among the remaining engines. The most efficient strategy is selected and the impact of different single engine failures on the overall thrust share, while using this strategy, is discussed. The paper proceeds by applying the selected thrust compensation strategy to the mission simulation of three common reference models, which are representative of current eVTOL aircraft configurations. This simulation is used to determine the worst flight phase for the One Engine Inoperative (OEI) condition to occur. The main purpose of the simulation is to optimize the wire sizes of the wiring harness of each configuration while satisfying different design objectives. The results of these optimizations are used to discuss the criticality of each engine failure and its influence on the wiring harness design, especially its mass. It concludes with design recommendations for the wiring harness of eVTOL aircraft.
Oberschwendtner, SebastianHornung, Mirko
Recent field experience has indicated significant problems with some types of wire and cables as routed on aircraft landing gear. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to identify environmental concerns the designer should consider, materials that appear to be most suitable for use in these areas, routing, clamping, and other protection techniques that are appropriate in these applications. In recent years aircraft certification regulatory agencies introduced new regulations regarding Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) to further enhance safety of the associated systems and aircraft overall.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee NEW Name Goes Her
This SAE Standard covers unshielded cable, 22 gauge and larger, intended for use at a nominal system voltage up to 600 V or 1000 V (ACrms or DC). It is intended for use in surface vehicle electrical systems.
Cable Standards Committee
The scope of this report is to capture fundamental principles of selecting a wire size for an aerospace application using the method prescribed in the AS50881 standard and additional calculations, not found in AS50881, to ensure the wire selection will adequately perform in the specific physical and environment conditions. This report covers wire selection and sizing as part of the electrical wire interconnection systems (EWIS) used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods. This document does not apply to wiring inside of airborne electronic equipment but shall apply to wiring externally attached to such equipment. Wire selection must consider physical and environmental factors to size wires such that they have sufficient mechanical strength, do not exceed allowable voltage drop levels, are protected by materials or circuit protection devices, and meet circuit current carrying requirements. For electrical power feeders and distribution or EWIS applications, other information and environmental and installation limitations are also needed to adequately evaluate and select the correct wire size for a specific application and meet design requirements. The report presents only fundamental principles and guidelines and cannot adequately cover all aspects and complexities associated with wire selection and sizing. Some of the calculations in this report have been simplified to demonstrate the process for validating a wire size selection for a design application. More precise calculations should be investigated and evaluated to ensure proper assessment of each individual calculation in this report.
AE-7C Systems
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide recommendations for marking wire and cable insulations to meet legibility requirements. This information is generic and applies to any type of wire marking system, such as an ultraviolet (UV) laser marking system or an inkjet or other ink based wire marking system. This ARP is limited to the legibility of human-readable characters and does not address bar code or other machine-readable symbols. In this ARP, the term wire refers to jacketed cables and fiber optic cables in addition to individual wires. This ARP defines the factors that affect the legibility of markings on wiring. Two generic types of variables affect legibility: stimulus variables and environmental variables. Stimulus variables are those factors involving the mark itself. This ARP establishes a set of guidelines for key stimulus variables that contribute to legibility and which should be taken into consideration in the course of specifying and using wire marking equipment. Environmental variables affect the reading of the marking, for example lighting, observer-stimulus distance, orientation of observer to stimulus, clutter, visual acuity of observer, state of mind, and visual exposure duration.
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the items that shall be considered when creating a fiber optic cable assembly specification and source control drawing intended for installation on aerospace platforms.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This paper deals with the influence of the wiring harness on the system performance of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The architecture and connections of the wiring harness are formalized using graph theory. The adjacency and incidence matrices provided by algebraic graph theory are used to define the harness connections and links. The current flows within the harness are calculated by applying Kirchhoff’s and Ohm's law to the network equations. Three common reference models are used to simulate and optimize different harness architectures. The harness architectures differ in the kind of connection and number of harness links. The optimization is done using two objectives. One objective is to maximize the range of the aircraft. The other objective, to minimize the harness mass, is used to show the performance difference of such a wiring harness. The influence of the system voltage and the take-off mass are examined as well. The results of the optimizations show, that a wiring harness exists for each configuration which maximizes the range of the aircraft. This optimal wiring harness is not the wiring harness with the lowest mass.
Oberschwendtner, SebastianHornung, Mirko
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is limited to the subject of compatibility of wiring as part of aircraft Electrical Wiring and Interconnect Systems (EWIS) installed in and around aircraft fuel tanks.
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
Fundamentals in Wire Selection and Sizing for Aerospace ApplicationsAIR6540A (Historical)3/6/2020
The scope of this report is to capture fundamental principles of selecting a wire size for an aerospace application using the method prescribed in the AS50881 standard and additional calculations, not found in AS50881, to ensure the wire selection will adequately perform in the specific physical and environment conditions. This report covers wire selection and sizing as part of the electrical wire interconnection systems (EWIS) used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods. This document does not apply to wiring inside of airborne electronic equipment but shall apply to wiring externally attached to such equipment. Wire selection must consider physical and environmental factors to size wires such that they have sufficient mechanical strength, do not exceed allowable voltage drop levels, are protected by materials or circuit protection devices, and meet circuit current carrying requirements. For electrical power feeders and distribution, or EWIS applications, other information and environmental and installation limitations are also needed to adequately evaluate and select the correct wire size for a specific application and meet design requirements. The report presents only fundamental principles and guidelines and cannot adequately cover all aspects and complexities associated with wire selection and sizing. Some of the calculations in this report have been simplified to demonstrate the process for validating a wire size selection for a design application. More precise calculations should be investigated and evaluated to ensure proper assessment of each individual calculation in this report.
AE-7C Systems
This document presents design and application information which will allow optimized utilization of filter line wire and cable purchased to AS85485. Filter line wire is defined and design information is presented. The electrical and mechanical performance characteristics of the wire, along with recommended harnessing methods and techniques, are also presented.
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
Performance Specification for Cable-to-Terminal Electrical CrimpsUSCAR21-4 (Current)1/22/2020
This specification defines test methods and requirements for validation of solderless crimped connections. The purpose of this test is to simulate in the lab the stress seen in a typical life (15 years and 150000 miles) for a crimp connection and assure the crimp is mechanically strong and electrically stable. This specification was developed for use with stranded automotive copper wire. Only where specifically mentioned are other constructions or other core materials (aluminum, clad, steel core, etc.) applicable. This specification does not apply to wire types not mentioned, such as coaxial cable crimps, unless a USCAR-21 test is specifically referenced in the test specification for that wire type. This specification is based on accepted levels of environmental exposure for automotive applications. In any intended vehicle application, if the products covered by this specification are or may be subjected to conditions beyond those described in this document, they must pass special tests simulating the actual conditions to be encountered before they can be considered acceptable for actual vehicle application. Products certified by their supplier as having passed specific applicable portions of this specification are not to be used in applications where conditions may exceed those for which the product has been satisfactorily tested. Any deviation must be documented and included in the final test report. Crimp applications validated to this specification are intended to supersede crimp information on the component prints. The terminal supplier has the primary responsibility for testing and selection of crimp tooling and to supply detailed crimp information or make crimp tooling available to the wiring assembly supplier actually doing the production crimping. The wiring harness supplier is responsible for validating all crimps produced per this specification. Environmental exposures called-out in this specification include Thermal Shock and Temperature Humidity Cycling and are used to stress every production terminal and cable combination used under test to simulate field exposure. SAE/USCAR-21 has tests that will detect deficiencies in crimp tooling geometry, plating quality, strand distribution, and cable strand count. SAE/USCAR-21 must be done in addition to a connector system validation such as SAE/USCAR-2 to assure the entire allowable production crimp height range of every combination is acceptable. Testing to a connector system specification also validates what is not tested in SAE/USCAR-21 such as long-term high temperature exposure. Procedures included within this specification are intended to cover performance testing and development of electrical terminal crimps that are part of the electrical connection systems in low voltage (0 to 48 VDC) road vehicle applications at ambient temperatures of 125 °C maximum. Higher voltages and temperatures may be tested if the OEM customer approves use of these test procedures for use at voltages and temperatures beyond these limits.
USCAR
Study of Replacing the Traditional Electromechanical Relay with the Full Semiconductor Solution of Bussed Electrical Center2019-01-04844/2/2019
To face the challenges of CO2 emission and automated driving, the electrical distribution system (EDS), as the basis of all electronic loads, needs to be continuously changed. Traditional bussed electrical center (BEC) has limited functions such as simple switch and fuse protection, while the full semiconductor solution of smart BEC can provide more accurate diagnosis, faster response, higher reliability with lower power loss and smaller space. This paper will introduce the practical function of the smart BEC: in normal operation of the car, the voltage and current of the loads can be detected by the smart BEC. Once in abnormal, immediate feedback will be transferred from smart BEC to the whole system and a related response will be triggered in time, while the cost of power harness can also be optimized. In parking mode, the quiescent current of the loads from KL30 can be detected by smart BEC, which could prevent against leakage. Automated driving is a hot topic, many people focus on functional safety and redundancy of the actuators in the car, which can only be realized by the safe power supply. Therefore, this paper will also describe the fail safe and fail operational of power supply with smart BEC. Of course, replacing traditional relays with semiconductors will face many challenges, such as the switch off energy for inductive load, inrush current for capacitive load, thermal problem of the system, cost optimization and so on. The paper will introduce the solutions to these challenges. These solutions have practical significance because they are based on analysis of the loads in the real car. Finally, the paper will show the actual comparison with the traditional BEC and the smart BEC in terms of weight, size, power loss, wiring saving, and cost in the real car.
Tian, XiaShen, NingWang, Xingwei
Consideration of Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Wire at Crimped Terminal and Effective Anti-Corrosion Treatment2019-01-04864/2/2019
The demand for weight reduction of vehicles is growing in compliance with CO2 emission control requirements. Also, demand for copper is on the rise with an increase in the number of electric vehicles because their motors and wiring require a lot of copper. This has raised concerns about higher copper prices and vehicle weight. Recently, attempts to reduce vehicle weight have been actively made by partially replacing copper with aluminum, which is lighter and less expensive. Although the use of aluminum wires on limited areas of some vehicles has already been reported, that on all areas has not been reported yet. The authors focus on reducing weight of wiring harnesses, which is about 20 kg per vehicle, and consider using aluminum instead of copper as the conductor of the electrical wires. One of the factors impeding the use of aluminum wires in wider areas is galvanic corrosion occurring at crimped terminals. Since aluminum causes galvanic corrosion when the metal is in electrical contact with a different metal in an electrolyte, it is essential to prevent this phenomenon from occurring at crimped terminals in mounting aluminum wires on vehicles. An anti-corrosion treatment needs to effectively prevent the occurrence of corrosion at the locations where aluminum wires are used. To devise an appropriate anti-corrosion treatment, it is necessary to grasp how aluminum wires corrode at the crimped terminals. This paper describes findings from a study of corrosion behavior of aluminum wires at crimped terminals for the purpose of developing an effective anti-corrosion treatment to increase the area onto which aluminum wires can be used.
Kawaguchi, TakuyaFukaura, KeijiNakamura, YukiMochizuki, MakotoOtani, Satoshi
Fundamentals in Wire Selection and Sizing for Aerospace ApplicationsAIR6540 (Historical)1/10/2019
The scope of this report is to capture fundamental principles of selecting a wire size for an aerospace application using the method prescribed in the AS50881 standard and additional calculations, not found in AS50881, to ensure the wire selection will adequately perform in the specific physical and environment conditions. This report covers wire selection and sizing as part of the electrical wire interconnection systems (EWIS) used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods. This document does not apply to wiring inside of airborne electronic equipment but shall apply to wiring externally attached to such equipment. Wire selection must consider physical and environmental factors to size wires such that they have sufficient mechanical strength, do not exceed allowable voltage drop levels, are protected by materials or circuit protection devices, and meet circuit current carrying requirements. For electrical power feeders and distribution, or EWIS applications, other information and environmental and installation limitations are also needed to adequately evaluate and select the correct wire size for a specific application and meet design requirements. The report presents only fundamental principles and guidelines and cannot adequately cover all aspects and complexities associated with wire selection and sizing. Some of the calculations in this report have been simplified to demonstrate the process for validating a wire size selection for a design application. More precise calculations should be investigated and evaluated to ensure proper assessment of each individual calculation in this report.
AE-7C Systems
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