Browse Topic: Solid state batteries

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Recommended Practice for Determining Material Properties of Li-Battery Cathode Active MaterialsJ3021_202105 (Current)5/28/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of lithium ion battery cathode active material. It is beyond the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as these are usually established between the vendor and customer. It should be noted that materials properties can vary substantially between classes of materials (e.g., LNO and LFP) and caution should be exercised when attempting to directly compare their chemical and physical properties. While these distinctions are important for the manufacturer, this document focuses on the techniques to measure the materials properties and not their absolute or relative values. Future materials such as solid-state batteries and sulfides are beyond the scope of this document. It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the rheological properties of the cathode material dispersed in a coating slurry since such properties are influenced by the conductive additive, binder, and solvent, which are determined by the coating process. It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of cathode materials since these are influenced by electrode and ultimately cell design. Due to the difference in electrical and electrochemical properties of the cathode material, it is unrealistic to establish an electrode and cell design that would justly compare different cathode active materials.
Battery Materials Testing Committee
Electrifying GM20AUTP03_013/1/2020
After two decades of hybrid development, General Motors puts its full futurepropulsion focus on BEV technology-with vertically integrated development and production. General Motors' long, convoluted journey toward vehicle electrification has finally arrived at an earlier-than-expected destination: total commitment to a battery-electric future. GM is officially “all in” on BEVs as its future propulsion strategy, with some 20 electric models slated for launch by 2023. The Detroit-Hamtramck plant is being transformed into GM's first dedicated EV production facility. Its product cadence, set to begin within the year, will be led by electric Chevrolet and Cadillac crossovers. Joining them is GM's first electric pickup that will resurrect the still-popular Hummer nameplate within the GMC brand. The company aims to sell one million EVs globally by 2026, asserts CEO Mary Barra, while it continues to evolve its profit-driving IC-powered trucks and crossovers (and develop self-driving vehicles with tech partner Cruise). It's an ambitious plan that ends GM's 20 years of hybrid-vehicle development. That extensive HEV roster included belt-alternator “electric assist” systems; “Two-Mode” transmissions co-developed with Daimler and BMW; 42-volt starter-generator pickup trucks and two generations of Volt range-extender hybrids that included Volt's Cadillac spinoff, the obscure ELR.
Akasol packs industry-leading energy density into new battery design19TOFHP12_0812/1/2019
Projecting the market for full-electric and hybrid-electric commercial vehicles will continue to expand, Germany-based lithium-ion battery specialist Akasol recently announced production-readiness of a newly-developed battery pack that sets an energy-density benchmark. The company's president also confirmed Akasol will build a manufacturing facility in the Detroit area targeted to begin production in mid-2020. Akasol has a 30-year history of producing battery systems for buses and other commercial vehicles, as well as railway and marine applications. President Roy Schulde says the new American plant is being constructed primarily to build battery packs for buses constructed by European-brand customers doing business in the U.S. The company already claims Europe's largest commercial-vehicle lithium-ion battery production facility.
Visnic, Bill
Development and Analysis of Solid-State Batteries with the COMSOL® PlatformTBMG-3569512/1/2019
Over the years, the increase of energy density in lithium-ion batteries has begun to plateau. The impact of mainstream consumer electronics alone has doubled lithium-ion battery production, making it clear that the need for more viable energy storage solutions is immediate. Extensive research in material science, coupled with advances in computer databases, has allowed researchers access to powerful software tools that may be used for simulating structural behavior before performing any lab experiments. These program components allow for the specification of behaviors and interactions for materials tested. This is integral in the pursuit of developing solid-state batteries that function efficiently, safely, and sustainably, since the specifications of such parameters will enable fabrication of energy storage solutions that are less detrimental to the environment but have higher energy densities than lithium-ion batteries.
Battery experts: solid-state EV tech could be five years out19AUTP11_1111/1/2019
Solid-state batteries are the “reach” energy-storage technology slated to take electric vehicles (EVs) - and to a lesser extent, other consumer-electronic products - to the next level. And at September's 2019 Battery Show of North America, speaker panels and presentations about solid state certainly were in abundance. Just one problem: experts at the show's Solid State Battery Feasibility roundtable discussion where brutally realistic in agreeing the technology won't meet criteria for mass-production EVs for at least five years. The reasons for the five-year wait are manifest, but the two primary factors are familiar to the automotive sector: cost and manufacturability. Nonetheless, most experts here agree that solid-state batteries for EVs certainly are not an “if,” but a “when.” One analyst estimate indicates $500 million was invested in solid-state battery ventures in 2018 alone.
Visnic, Bill
2019 'Create the Future' Manufacturing/Robotics/Automation Category Winner: The HPCI® Joining GunTBMG-3544011/1/2019
Impact-Resistant Battery Electrolyte Solidifies When HitTBMG-346336/1/2019
Lithium-ion batteries commonly used in consumer electronics are notorious for bursting into flame when damaged or improperly packaged. Inspired by the unusual behavior of some liquids that solidify on impact, researchers have developed a practical and inexpensive way to help prevent these fires.
Caterpillar Ventures invests in Fisker for electric future19TOFHP02_112/1/2019
As automotive manufacturers compete to produce lower-cost electric vehicles (EVs) with greater ranges than ever, the off-highway construction and mining equipment industry has continued to show interest in the technologies developed for automotive use. Last year, Komatsu partnered with NVIDIA to integrate its AI (artificial intelligence) technologies for safer construction equipment. Now, Caterpillar Venture Capital, the business investment arm of Caterpillar, has invested in Fisker Inc. to further its EV technology developments into the off-highway industry. “It's not just the automotive industry that's going electric,” Henrik Fisker, Chairman and CEO of Fisker, told Truck & Off-Highway Engineering. “Caterpillar and Fisker are in two very different industries serving very different customers, but we're both interested in being part of developing the next-generation, game-changing battery technologies that may power vehicles of all varieties.”
Borst, Matthew
Energetic, Environmental and Range Estimation of Hybrid and All-Electric Transformation of an Existing Light Utility Commuter Aircraft2018-01-193310/30/2018
Today it is necessary to face the energetic, environmental, and safety-related issues of a significant industrial sector such as aeronautic one. It is a marginal contributor to today global GHG emissions (less than 3%), In any case, the associated impacts grows with the increase of air traffic with annual rate 5%. Consequently, aviation will need to face four fundamental problems for the future: 1 the overall impact of aviation is expected to grow up to 10÷15% of global GHG emissions by 2050; 2 the emissions of pollutants by commercial aviation affects the fragile atmospheric layers in the low stratosphere; 3 the increasing age of the flying fleet deals with increasing maintenance and safety issues; 4 the dependence on fossil fuels relates to problems of geopolitical instability and consequence volatility of prices. Substantial innovations are expected for both reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts of aviation and reducing the age of the fleets. They mostly relate to the decrease of weights and the introduction of environmental friendly propulsion systems, such as hybrid and all-electric propulsion. This paper will produce an assessment of different propulsive systems according to the first law of thermodynamics and environmental impacts. It assumes a well-tested light transport/commuter aircraft as reference architecture and produces a comparative analysis of different green propulsion systems including all electric and hybrid against actual aircrafts. The analysis assumes that the electric or hybrid configurations may not increase the overall mass of the aircraft. Energy model has been reformulated for the different configurations and considers both an analytical model based on basic flight mechanics and a new formulation of the Breguet range equation, which has been specifically formulated for both hybrid and all-electric airplanes.
Trancossi, Michele, Pascoa, Jose
Voltage spike at 2017 Frankfurt auto show17AUTP10_1310/1/2017
Judging by the wares on display at September's 2017 Frankfurt auto show, electrification suddenly is the watchword in Germany-or the watchword, at least, for some indeterminate date in the future. Because none attending the show could escape the irony that while nearly every major German manufacturer's Frankfurt effort centered on an electric vehicle, many of the show's current or near-future production models remained resolutely diesel-powered. Audi's AIcon (combining “artificial intelligence” and “concept”) was the company's vision of SAE Level 5 autonomy-it has no steering wheel or pedals. The EV architecture permits generous interior space for four passengers, Audi said, as did the concept car's 136.6-in (3470-mm) wheelbase and 82.6-in (2098-mm) width. Audi said projected power from the solid-state batteries (another buzz technology cropping up at Frankfurt) is 260 kW (248 hp) and 405 lb·ft (549 N·m) dispersed to an electric motor driving each wheel. The German makers also were touting new 800-volt charging technology and Audi said using such a system would deliver 80% of the AIcon's 400 mi-plus driving range in just 30 minutes.
Visnic, Bill
Three-Dimensional Zinc Electrode Architectures for High-Performance BatteriesTBMG-271917/1/2017
Zinc-based batteries offer a safe, inexpensive alternative to fire-prone lithium-based batteries, yet have been historically limited by poor rechargeability. A 3D zinc (Zn) “sponge” electrode architecture was developed comprising interpenetrating networks of Zn scaffolding and void space. The design characteristics yield superior electrochemical properties when cycled in alkaline electrolytes compared to conventional Zn powder-composite electrodes.
Defying the disruptors and DRIVING16AUTP04_014/1/2016
Four top engineering executives discuss how their “traditional” companies are finding new technology opportunities and business growth amid the start-ups- and are even doing some disrupting themselves. Need proof of the auto industry's crazy pace of change? Look no further than the daily news, where reports of each emergent player-and their impact on what remains of the status quo-seem less and less startling. Consider a vacuum cleaner company that has its eye on more than cleaning carpets. Dyson, whose efficient high-suction machines created a new technology paradigm, has applied for government funding in its native U.K. and is looking to hire up to 500 engineers, ostensibly to develop electric vehicles. Dyson, which purchased Michigan solid-state battery start-up Sakti3 for $90 million, said it plans to invest nearly $1.5B in battery technology through 2020.
Brooke, Lindsay
Multifunctional Fiber Batteries for Next Generation Space Suits2008-01-19966/29/2008
As next generation space suit concepts enable extravehicular activity (EVA) mission capability to extend beyond anything currently available today, revolutionary advances in life support technologies are required to achieve anticipated NASA mission profiles than may measure years in duration and require hundreds of sorties. Since most life support systems require power, increased mass and volume efficiency of the energy storage materials can have a dramatic impact on reducing the overall weight of next generation space suits. ITN Energy Systems, in collaboration with Hamilton Sundstrand and the NASA Johnson Space Center's EVA System's Team, is developing multifunctional fiber batteries to address these challenges. By depositing the battery on existing space suit materials, e.g. scrim fibers in the thermal micrometeoroid garment (TMG) layers, parasitic mass (inactive materials) is eliminated leading to effective energy densities ∼400 Wh/kg. The solid-state nature of the fiber battery also provides: Outstanding cycle life: >10,000 cycles, High rate: Near full capacity charge in ∼10 min., and Improved safety and packaging efficiency by eliminating liquid electrolytes. This paper highlights recent development of the multifunctional energy storage for EVA Systems. Advances in the performance of solid-state batteries on fiber/ribbon substrates are presented as well as design considerations for the integration of this technology into advanced EVA systems. Preliminary results are provided for an initial demonstration of the benefits of this technology by powering space suit health monitoring sensors with multifunctional energy storage devices. As wireless sensors are becoming of increased importance to NASA missions in general, this technology is expected to have wide spread application beyond the advanced EVA systems.
Berland, Brian, Lanning, Bruce, Hodgson, Edward, Quinn, Gregory, Bue, Grant, Trevino, Luis
Multifunctional Fiber Batteries for Next Generation Space Suits2007-01-31737/9/2007
As next generation space suit concepts enable extravehicular activity (EVA) mission capability to extend beyond anything currently available today, revolutionary advances in life support technologies are required to achieve anticipated NASA mission profiles that may measure years in duration and require hundreds of sorties. Since most life support systems require power, increased mass and volume efficiency of the energy storage materials can have a dramatic impact on reducing the overall weight of next generation space suits. This paper details the development of a multifunctional fiber battery to address these needs. The fiber battery is based on a solid-state lithium technology that is fully rechargeable and provides: (1) greater than 10,000 cycles at 100% depth of discharge at 95% of initial capacity; (2) high rates (full capacity charge or discharge in ∼10 minutes); (3) improved safety and packaging efficiency by eliminating liquid electrolytes; and (4) flexible integration schemes that allow the battery to be fabricated on/in space suit materials or components. By depositing the battery on existing space suit fibers (e.g., scrim fibers in the thermal micro-meteoroid garment (TMG) layer) parasitic mass (inactive material) is eliminated, leading to dramatically higher energy densities (∼400 Wh/kg). The high surface area to volume packing efficiency of fiber batteries compared to planar configurations further enhances the energy storage efficiency.
Berland, Brian, Lanning, Bruce, Hodgson, Edward, Quinn, Gregory, Bue, Grant, Trevino, Luis
Power Supply and Energy Storage for Autonomous MEMS2000-01-361910/31/2000
One of the significant challenges to implementing MEMS is a viable power supply strategy for autonomous devices. A suitable approach appears to be a hybrid of energy scavengers and microscopic energy storage. Lacking, however, has been microscopic energy storage technology. A new approach is underway to make batteries for MEMS. These rechargeable batteries are truly microscopic in size, are made using photolithographic processes, which allows integration. Thick film electrode structures are used to increase specific capacity and power, while minimizing cell size. Such batteries exhibit excellent power and capacity, and have tentatively shown very good cycle life. Using these batteries, integrated power supplies for MEMS can be made, including energy harvesters, batteries, and a control circuit between the two.
Ryan, D., LaFollette, R.
Advanced Lithium Solid State Battery Developments2000-01-15884/2/2000
This paper presents a summary of a recent conference entitled Advanced Lithium Solid State Batteries Workshop that was held on July 13–15, 1999. The conference was sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences' (BES) Division of Chemical Sciences. This paper presents a summary of the results and recommendations from the conference, including: A review of current research on solid state electrolytes and their interfaces with an emphasis on both applied and basic studies. The research includes theoretical studies of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), lithium ion transport in SPEs, and simulations of the electrolyte–cathode interface. Experimental results are presented on ion transport phenomena in SPEs (NMR and X–ray) and mechanical stresses on electrodes, among other topics. The issues addressed center on improved stability of and transport at interfaces, improved conductivity in the SPE, and higher transference numbers. A synopsis of problem areas and barriers to future progress in this field, the solution to which would benefit from both new theoretical treatment and the application of recent advances in experimental techniques. A summary of the recommendations and suggestions of the workshop participants are presented, organized into programmatic and technical recommendations and suggestions.
Deppe, John, Heitner, Kenneth, Duong, Tien, Maupin, Paul H., Landgrebe, Albert
A Physiological Profile of High Performance Race Car Drivers94247912/1/1994
This paper updates our continuing research program examining the physiological performance of professional race car drivers. Data is presented from a comparative study examining the heart rate of different drivers in the lndy Lights race series. Each driver was monitored during practice, qualifying and race sessions on a short oval track (one mile) and a road course track. The effect of track type on physiological performance are addressed. Physiological data recorded during the Indianapolis 500 race and from practice and qualifying sessions for this event are shown. Technical difficulties involved in accurately measuring heart rate (HR) in the race car environment are addressed.
Lighthall, James W., Pierce, John, Olvey, Stephen E.
Solid State Isotopic Power Source for Computer Chips9294718/3/1992
Recent developments in materials technology now make it possible to fabricate nonthermal thin-film isotopic energy converters (REC) with a specific power of 24 W/kg and 5 to 10 year working life at 5 to 10 Watts. This creates applications never before possible, such as placing the power supply directly on integrated circuit chips. The efficiency of the REC is about 25% which is two to three times greater than the 6 to 8% capabilities of current thermoelectric systems.
Brown, Paul M.
Air Force Space Power and Thermal Management Technology: Requirements for the Early 21st Century9290028/3/1992
Typical projections for military space power and thermal management technologies have posited requirements for high powered and highly survivable systems. Recent changes in defense needs, however, will require spacecraft that are smaller, lower powered, less survivable, and highly proliferated. Technologies will be developed to provide low cost, ultra-light, high power density, “smart” conventional power systems. Compact nuclear power systems will also be developed to meet higher power needs.
Herrera, Ernest D., Kuck, Inara
Polymer Batteries9111574/1/1991
This paper presents a state-of-the-art report on polymer battery development. The research and development activities related to materials of construction for battery components, i.e., anode, electrolyte, and cathode are reviewed. Major achievements have been accomplished in the last decade and the progress is very encouraging. Some potential problems have been identified and these problems may require significant development efforts before polymer batteries become a commercial reality.
Kumar, Binod, Marsh, Richard A.
The Function and Performance of Beta Alumina in Sodium/Sulphur Cells7503752/1/1975
The development of beta alumina ceramic in terms of its function as an electrolyte and physical separator in sodium/sulphur cells is traced. Data which illustrate some of the problem areas associated with this material are discussed. The function of β alumina as a physical separator, and as a low resistance material is developed. In the performance area, the resistive effects, the electronic breakdown and the life of the electrolyte are discussed in detail. The authors reach the conclusion that the optimum performance of the β alumina electrolyte is dependent on its composition.
Hames, M. D., Duncan, J. H.
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