Browse Topic: Surveillance

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A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Mode for Enhancing Rotary MAV PerformanceF-0081-2025-01205/20/2025
Enhancing rotor efficiency has been a persistent challenge in the development of micro aerial vehicles (MAV) especially for surveillance and covert operations. This study introduces a new Hybrid Flapping Wing Rotor (Hybrid FWR) configuration inspired by insect's wing flapping mechanics to address the efficiency limitation of traditional rotor designs. Unlike traditional rotary systems that rely solely on rotational motion, the Hybrid FWR combines rotational and flapping motions to significantly enhance lift generation. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to analyze and predict the optimal aerodynamic performance, demonstrating that the Hybrid FWR configuration achieves a substantial improvement, with a power efficiency increase of up to 2.148-fold compared to conventional micro rotorcraft. Experimental validation was conducted to confirm the theoretical predictions, identifying an optimal hybrid ratio of approximately 0.7, which effectively minimizes aerodynamic resistance
Huang, Xun, Lu, Linghai, Whidborne, James
Nano-UAV SystemsTBMG-464469/1/2022
Teledyne FLIR Defense Elkridge, MD 781-801-6161
Design and Parametric Investigations on Various Propellers for Nature Inspired Unmanned Amphibious Vehicle2022-26-11745/26/2022
Unmanned Amphibious Vehicle (UAV) is an integrative working environments based vehicle, which doesn’t allocate the place for onboard pilots. Mostly, unmanned amphibians have been controlled through pre-provided algorithms in the predestined paths. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic working conditions are the compositions of aforesaid integrative environments, wherein the possible lifespan affecting failure of UAV may chance to happen in a high manner. Thus, the multidisciplinary investigation on UAV and it's every component needs to be done in order to pick the suitable UAV parts for both missions executing conditions. This work deals the comprehensive computational investigations on a different number of blades equipped propellers for the proposed cum nature-inspired UAV under aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loading conditions. Three different propellers are uniquely constructed based on the aerodynamic environment reference with the guidance of analytical formulae and thereafter modeling
R, Vijayanandh, Mathaiyan, Vijayakumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar
All Environment (AE) Unmanned Aircraft SystemTBMG-398589/1/2021
AeroVironment Simi Valley, CA 805-520-8320
GUIDANCE FOR DISTRIBUTED RADIO ARCHITECTURESARINC678 (Current)7/15/2021
The purpose of this document is to evaluate Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) Distributed Radio architectures and the feasibility of distributing the RF and systems processing sections to ensure the following: Reduce cost of equipment Reduce Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) Ease of aircraft integration Growth capability built into the design Maintain or improve system availability, reliability, and maintainability It provides a framework to determine whether it is feasible to develop ARINC Standards that support CNS distributed radio architectures.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Perseverance: Some Reflections on 55 Years of the Canadian Sea KingF-0076-2020-1626210/5/2020
On August 1, 1963, the first two Canadian Sea King helicopters arrived at their new home station, Shearwater, Nova Scotia and joined the Royal Canadian Navy. On Saturday, December 1, 2018, three Canadian Sea King helicopters, now part of the Royal Canadian Air Force, made their final flight over their home station at Patricia Bay, British Columbia. This paper outlines some of the highlights of the intervening 55 years with particular emphasis on procurement and fleet introduction, the helicopter's rapid change of roles from dedicated anti-submarine warfare helicopter to a general-purpose surveillance platform for the First Gulf War and finally, the truly amazing accomplishments of the Canadian Sea Kings in the year 2010. It is worth bearing in mind that although the personnel may have changed and the roles and equipment of the aircraft have been modified, the requirement to provide ‘Wings for the Fleet’ has remained constant over the years.
(Retd.), Colonel
Development of a Secure Private Neural Network Capability20AERP09_049/1/2020
Machine Learning (ML) tools like Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to quickly and accurately perform discriminative tasks, such as object detection and classification. However, current implementations of this concept have several drawbacks. First, traditional DNNs require access to unprotected (unencrypted) data. Even if the data is secured and the ML tool is made compatible for use with encrypted data, the resulting operational performance is slowed to the point that it renders the approach intractable. Second, recent research has shown many DNNs are susceptible to white box (full access to the machine learning tool and operations) and black box (only access to system input and output) attacks, allowing adversaries to maliciously manipulate the ML tool's output. In its short history, this concept has been successfully applied to a broad spectrum of problems: speech and image recognition, medical imagery diagnostics, drug discovery
Development of a Secure Private Neural Network CapabilityTBMG-376149/1/2020
Machine Learning (ML) tools like Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to quickly and accurately perform discriminative tasks, such as object detection and classification. However, current implementations of this concept have several drawbacks. First, traditional DNNs require access to unprotected (unencrypted) data. Even if the data is secured and the ML tool is made compatible for use with encrypted data, the resulting operational performance is slowed to the point that it renders the approach intractable. Second, recent research has shown many DNNs are susceptible to white box (full access to the machine learning tool and operations) and black box (only access to system input and output) attacks, allowing adversaries to maliciously manipulate the ML tool's output.
WMD Detection TechnologyTBMG-373698/1/2020
BAE Systems Burlington, MA 781-273-3388
Cellulose-Based Sensor Simultaneously Measures Pressure, Temperature, and HumidityTBMG-374818/1/2020
Researchers have developed a single sensor that combines the ability to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity simultaneously. The sensor has applications such as monitoring patients at home, robotics, electronic skin, functional textiles, surveillance, and security.
Detection with Quantum Radar20AERP08_068/1/2020
A new radar prototype utilizes quantum entanglement as a method of object detection. Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon where two particles remain inter-connected, sharing physical traits regardless of how far apart they are from one another. Scientists from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) - along with collaborators from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the University of York (UK), and the University of Camerino, Italy - have demonstrated a new type of detection technology called “microwave quantum illumination” that utilizes entangled microwave photons as a method of detection. The prototype, also known as a “quantum radar,” is able to detect objects in noisy thermal environments where classical radar systems often fail.
Quantifying Autonomous Soaring on a Surveillance and Communications Relay Mission20AERP06_106/1/2020
Research demonstrates that a surveillance mission is still achievable by unmanned vehicles while performing autonomous soaring. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC Missions for small unmanned aircraft (Group 1 and Group 2) include over-the-hill surveillance and providing airborne communications relay points. Greater endurance is almost universally desired by operators to increase the time spent on-station performing the mission and reduce the number and frequency of takeoffs and landings. Autonomous soaring techniques were first proposed by Wharington and refined by Allen as a method to find convective thermal updrafts and gain altitude energy. While several autonomous soaring algorithms have been implemented on unmanned aircraft and demonstrated significant endurance gains, the technology of autonomous soaring has not yet bridged the gap from research to practical application for a mission.
Covariance and Uncertainty Realism in Space Surveillance and TrackingTBMG-370996/1/2020
The characterization of uncertainty in the estimate of the state of a resident space object is fundamental to many space surveillance tasks including data association, uncorrelated track (UCT) resolution, catalog maintenance, sensor tasking and scheduling, as well as space situational awareness (SSA) missions such as conjunction assessments and maneuver detection. Generally, uncertainties are classified as either aleatoric, epistemic, or a mixture of both. Aleatoric uncertainty is the natural randomness or physical variability present in the system or its environment and is thus statistical in nature. In contrast, epistemic uncertainty is uncertainty that is due to limited data or knowledge.
Quantifying Autonomous Soaring on a Surveillance and Communications Relay MissionTBMG-371036/1/2020
Missions for small unmanned aircraft (Group 1 and Group 2) include over-the-hill surveillance and providing airborne communications relay points. Greater endurance is almost universally desired by operators to increase the time spent on-station performing the mission and reduce the number and frequency of takeoffs and landings.
Optically Reconfigurable Charge-Transfer Liquid CrystalsTBMG-370296/1/2020
Since the rise of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic liquid crystals have emerged as a versatile class of molecular materials with applications such as display technology, smart authentication, and data storage and retrieval. Most modern-day applications employ calamitic-type LCs; however, a sub-class of columnar phase liquid crystals, also known as charge-transfer (CT) liquid crystals, exhibits intense and broadly tunable charge-transfer absorbance in the visible near-infrared reflectance.
Battle Command SystemTBMG-371016/1/2020
Northrop Grumman Corp. Falls Church, VA 703-280-2900
Covariance and Uncertainty Realism in Space Surveillance and Tracking20AERP06_086/1/2020
Characterizing uncertainty in estimating the state of a resident space object is one of the fundamentals of many space surveillance tasks. Air Force Space Command, Peterson, Colorado The characterization of uncertainty in the estimate of the state of a resident space object is fundamental to many space surveillance tasks including data association, uncorrelated track (UCT) resolution, catalog maintenance, sensor tasking and scheduling, as well as space situational awareness (SSA) missions such as conjunction assessments and maneuver detection. Generally, uncertainties are classified as either aleatoric, epistemic, or a mixture of both. Aleatoric uncertainty is the natural randomness or physical variability present in the system or its environment and is thus statistical in nature. In contrast, epistemic uncertainty is uncertainty that is due to limited data or knowledge. With respect to some terms, covariance realism means that the uncertainty in the state of an object can be
Towed Array Sonar SystemTBMG-368095/1/2020
Givat Shmuel, Israel +972-3-531-3333
UAS Interceptor SystemTBMG-368085/1/2020
RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems LTD. Haifa, Israel +972 73 335 4444
Automatic Drone Detection SystemTBMG-360602/1/2020
Tektronix Beaverton, OR 1-800-833-9200
Adding Context to Full-Motion Video for Improved Surveillance and Situational Awareness20AERP02_032/1/2020
Today's intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms integrate state-of-the-art technologies and subsystems into airborne platforms intended to observe, detect, identify, and neutralize threats. Full motion video (FMV) sensors are essential assets and are routinely used on fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and manned and unmanned platforms to provide real-time situational awareness with minimal latency. Ultimately, FMV is invaluable for helping operators answer the what, where, when, and why of a scenario. These sensors, which are easy and relatively inexpensive to integrate and deploy, support mission-critical tasks such as target detection and analysis. This may include tracking and pattern recognition-for example, FMV is particularly well suited for long stand-off ranges such that a target is not aware that they are being observed.
Adding Context to Full-Motion Video for Improved Surveillance and Situational AwarenessTBMG-360552/1/2020
Today’s intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms integrate state-of-the-art technologies and subsystems into airborne platforms intended to observe, detect, identify, and neutralize threats. Full motion video (FMV) sensors are essential assets and are routinely used on fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and manned and unmanned platforms to provide real-time situational awareness with minimal latency.
Autonomous Multi-Sensor Maritime Awareness SystemTBMG-3536410/1/2019
BIRD Aerosystems Herzliya, Israel
EO/IR Maritime PayloadTBMG-3535210/1/2019
CONTROP Precision Technologies Ltd. Lanham, MD 571-331-0042
Defeating Commercial Drone Threats with Open-Source SDRTBMG-3535310/1/2019
It’s nearly impossible to look at technology news without seeing an article about drones. Whether detailing how Amazon wants to use drones to deliver packages or revealing amazing aerial video of drones following Olympic snow-boarders, commercial drones are ubiquitous. Drone emergence has benefited many applications including sports broadcasting and wildlife preservation wilderness surveys. Offering powerful, intelligent software, drones are becoming less expensive and easier to use, with substantial operating range.
Rugged Network File ServersTBMG-351179/1/2019
Ampex Data Systems Hayward, CA 650-367-2011
Spatiotemporal Imaging Exploiting Structured Sparsity19AERP09_079/1/2019
Overcoming the conventional limits of spatiotemporal imaging by applying compressed sensing and sparse representations to reduce the amount of data acquired while maintaining high image resolution. Air Force Research Laboratory, APO AP 96338-5002 Spatiotemporal imaging contains a large class of imaging problems, which involve collecting a sequence of data sets to resolve both the spatial and temporal (or spectral) distributions of some physics quantity. This capability is exploited in numerous different fields such as remote sensing, security surveillance systems, astronomical imaging, and biomedical imaging. One typical example is hyperspectral imaging, which is a powerful technology for remotely inferring the material properties of the objects in a scene of interest. Ultrasonic and thermal imaging are other important examples of spatiotemporal imaging where high spatial resolution is needed for urban planning, military planning, intelligence and disaster monitoring and evaluation
Panoramic Thermal Imaging TechnologyTBMG-345356/1/2019
SPYNEL sensors are passive wide area surveillance systems with automatic intrusion detection and tracking capabilities. The 360° thermal sensors offer 24/7 situational awareness by detecting and tracking an unlimited number of targets in real time, on land, air and sea. HGH Infrared Systems recently won a multi-million contract from a leading shipyard, to equip three new warships with the latest generation of SPYNEL panoramic thermal cameras.
Panoramic Thermal Imaging Technology19AERP06_036/1/2019
A New Concept in Naval Defense SPYNEL sensors are passive wide area surveillance systems with automatic intrusion detection and tracking capabilities. The 360° thermal sensors offer 24/7 situational awareness by detecting and tracking an unlimited number of targets in real time, on land, air and sea. HGH Infrared Systems recently won a multimillion contract from a leading shipyard, to equip three new warships with the latest generation of SPYNEL panoramic thermal cameras.
Editorial19AVEP05_015/1/2019
AVs, data and ‘surveillance capitalism’ I finally hit my limit after seeing a Twitter post-from, almost paradoxically, a privacy engineer at Google-showing a taxi cab in Asia with a passenger-area screen announcing it was employing facial recognition “to deliver the most optimized content” to the rider. “The image data is discarded immediately,” the little tablet professed.
Visnic, Bill
Video EncodersTBMG-341314/1/2019
Delta Digital Video Horsham, PA 215-657-5270
Naval Surveillance SystemTBMG-341244/1/2019
CONTROP Precision Technologies Ltd. Hod Hasharon, Israel +972-9-744-0661
High-Voltage Power Line Multi-Sensor SystemTBMG-336942/1/2019
Government infrastructure facilities such as water treatment facilities, power plants, laboratories, and the like may be targets for terrorist attacks. Similarly, oil pipelines, power grids, warehouses, factories, laboratories, and the like in the commercial sector may be targeted by terrorists or persons engaging in industrial espionage and sabotage. When these facilities are remotely located, the limited or nonexistent power sources in the area may prevent or severely restrict the employment of cameras, sensors, and other intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) devices. Thus, there is a need to overcome these limitations while providing around-the-clock persistent support and similar capabilities.
Micro-Mirror Optical Tracking and Ranging SystemTBMG-336862/1/2019
An innovative optical sensing and tracking system was designed to detect, track, and determine object distance and direction in a wide, full, solid angle (160 × 160°) with an extremely high spatial resolution (0.5°). A key design feature is the laser beam steering system comprised of micro-mirrors that spin and tilt synchronously to steer the beam across a predetermined scanning angle and interval in a conically shaped scan pattern.
Military Vehicle Situational Awareness SystemTBMG-3301510/1/2018
Computech International (CTI) Tikva, Israel +972-3-9211110
Algorithm Enables Drones to Work in a Coordinated ApproachTBMG-3312510/1/2018
An algorithm was developed that enables a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to communicate and work toward a common goal. The tool could be used to improve security or capture images simultaneously over a large area.
Armored Vehicle Mission Management SystemTBMG-329039/1/2018
Bird Aerosystems Herzliya, Israel +972 9 9725700
5 Ws of the PHADE Addressing SystemTBMG-324878/1/2018
PHADE could be used by government agencies to enhance public safety; for example, the government can deploy cameras in high-crime or high-accident areas, and warn specific users about potential threats. PHADE also can be used in places such as museums, where visitors can receive messages with information about the artifacts or exhibits they are viewing. It could be implemented in shopping malls to provide consumers with digital product information or coupons.
Tech Briefs: June 201818AERP066/1/2018
Beyond VMEbus - A New Concept Taming the Thermal Behavior of Solid-State Military Lasers Solving the Challenge of Thermal Design in Aerospace Electronics Improving Component Life in Abrasive, Corrosive Aerospace Environments New Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and EW Validation of Ubiquitous 2D Radar Converting Existing Copper Wire Firing System to a Fiber-Optically Controlled Firing System for Electromagnetic Pulsed Power Experiments Technological improvements make pulsed-power experiments with gunpowder- or air-driven guns safer. Low-Cost Ground Sensor Network for Intrusion Detection COTS-based system could provide increased level of security with less manpower. In-Network Processing on Low-Cost IoT Nodes for Maritime Surveillance Commercially available system of distributed wireless sensors could increase the Navy's intelligence collection footprint. Co-Prime Frequency and Aperture Design for HF Surveillance, Wideband Radar Imaging, and Nonstationary Array Processing Developing
Videogrammetry in Vehicle Crash Reconstruction with a Moving Video Camera2018-01-05324/3/2018
In an accident reconstruction, vehicle speeds and positions are always of interest. When provided with scene photographs or fixed-location video surveillance footage of the crash itself, close-range photogrammetry methods can be useful in locating physical evidence and determining vehicle speeds and locations. Available 3D modeling software can be used to virtually match photographs or fixed-location video surveillance footage. Dash- or vehicle-mounted camera systems are increasingly being used in light vehicles, commercial vehicles and locomotives. Suppose video footage from a dash camera mounted to one of the vehicles involved in the accident is provided for an accident reconstruction but EDR data is unavailable for either of the vehicles involved. The literature to date describes using still photos to locate fixed objects, using video taken from stationary camera locations to determine the speed of moving objects or using video taken from a moving vehicle to locate fixed objects
Manuel, Emmanuel Jay, Mink, Richard, Kruger, Daniel
Nett WarriorTBMG-287914/1/2018
Nett Warrior is the US Army's next generation US integrated soldier system that replaces Land Warrior. It is designed to be an integrated dismounted situational awareness and mission command system for use during combat operations that enables fast and accurate decision-making during tactical operations.
Counter UAV SystemTBMG-287904/1/2018
SteekRock UAV London, UK +44 (0) 20 7491 8186
Ruggedized Computer Rack CasesTBMG-2765210/1/2017
Verotec Inc Manchester, NH 603-821-9921
Sensitivity Simulation of Compressed Sensing Based Electronic Warfare Receiver Using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit AlgorithmTBMG-2764710/1/2017
Electronic Intelligence Receiver (ELINT) is an important component in electronic warfare (EW) and layer sensing. The information it provides by constant surveillance can be used to detect, track and classify signals across the electromagnetic spectrum. The proper identification and reaction to the threat can avoid disaster and assure spectrum dominance for Air Force systems.
Airborne Integrated Voice, Data, and ADS-B in Compliance with the FAA and FCCF-0072-2016-114095/17/2016
This paper addresses the design, development, and operations of a portable wireless airborne voice and data communication system that permits use of cell phones without violating the regulatory restrictions of the FCC or FAA. This same system also serves to integrate Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) information into a single interoperable solution for improved situational awareness and command and control using commercially available edge devices such as smart phones and tablets. The Airborne Communication Platform™ (ACP), an optional enhancement to the Airborne Flight Reporting System™ (AFRS), provides an affordable, yet robust and FAA and FCC-compliant "black box" for a wide range of real-time voice and data communications between air and ground assets. Through a combination of multi-modal radios and programmable cellular frequencies, both voice telephony and data telemetry are possible using commercial-grade cell phones switched to "Airplane Mode." This enables
Stanzione, Kaydon
Method to Determine Instantaneous Speeds and Acceleration from Surveillance Video2016-01-14694/5/2016
High image quality video surveillance systems have proliferated making it more common to have collision-related video footage that is suitable for detailed analysis. This analysis begins by using variety of methods to reconstruct a series of positions for the vehicle. If the frame rate is known or can be estimated, then the average travel speed between each of those vehicle positions can be found. Unfortunately with video surveillance systems, the frame rates are typically low and the vehicle may be hidden from view for multiple frames. As a result there are often relatively large time steps between known vehicle positions and the average speed between known positions becomes less useful. The method outlined here determines the instantaneous speed and acceleration time history of the vehicle that was required for it to arrive at the known positions, at the known times. The position time history is reviewed and approximately broken in phases of constant acceleration (whether negative
Luker, Craig
Furuno Radar/SureTrak Interface SoftwareTBMG-2325811/1/2015
The Wallops Flight Facility Launch Range has a need to interface data from ship surveillance Furuno radar to an existing surveillance display system (SureTrak). SureTrak is a multi-sensor waterway and air surveillance system. The display of Furuno radar data by the SureTrak system will be used for risk analysis purposes prior to rocket launches. The capability did not exist within the SureTrak system to ingest data from the Furuno radar. This software application was developed to provide the needed data interface capability within the SureTrak system. In addition to providing a data interface to SureTrak, the software application will also provide a data interface to another software application that performs probability of impact calculations on the ships reported by the Furuno radar.
Risk-Adaptive Engine for Secure ADS-B Broadcasts2015-01-25209/15/2015
Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) [1] is a technology that can be viewed either as a complement or as an alternative to current radar-based surveillance techniques. Despite its many benefits, this technology suffers from the security flaw of having its messages sent as clear text broadcasts, which makes it vulnerable to several kinds of attacks affecting the authenticity and integrity of ADS-b messages - a problem we addressed with a security framework presented in previous work [2]. In this paper, we propose to enhance that initial work by using keyed-hash message authentication code [3] (HMAC) to ensure the authenticity and integrity of ADS-B messages. The proposed improvements include changing the structure of the security-related data and, more importantly, adding a cognitive risk adaptive module. These improvements resulted in four main contributions. First, the new structure of the security-related data is more resilient to messages being lost or scrambled
Kacem, Thabet, Carvalho, Jeronymo, Wijesekera, Duminda, Costa, Paulo, Monteiro, Márcio, Barreto, Alexandre
Spy Blimps Revisited: A Performance Comparison between Two Competing Approaches2015-01-25799/15/2015
While operational airships globally number in the low dozens, interest in buoyant or semi-buoyant platforms continues to arouse imaginations of commercial and military planners and developers alike. The airship-as-advertisement business model is the only model that has proven sustainable on any scale since the crash of the initially successful LZ-128 Hindenburg effectively ended regular passenger and cargo transport by airship, and the 1962 termination of the US Naval airship program terminated regular large-scale surveillance from airships. Efforts in the US and Japan during the 2000's to have a self-sustaining sight-seeing business model using the modern semi-rigid Zeppelin NT both failed. In theory, the buoyant nature of airships provides compelling endurance and cost-per-ton-mile capability which fills a niche arguably not currently occupied by other modes of transportation. The potential endurance capability motivated the US Military to fund two nearly-simultaneous airship
Buerge, Brandon Todd
Cameras for All-Sky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) Version 1.3TBMG-223967/1/2015
The CAMS system comprises a deployment of multiple narrow-field, low-light video cameras that completely covers the sky in a mosaic pattern from 30° elevation and above. Two or three such camera batteries separated by many kilometers allow for large atmospheric volume coverage, high spatial resolution, and the high probability of viewing a meteor from more than one site for triangulation and thus atmospheric path reconstruction.
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