Browse Topic: Brake linkages

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The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Automotive Brake Design and Testing6102411/1/1961
Klco, F. V.
The Versatile Shoe Brake5000561/1/1950
LUPTON, CLARK R.
Brake Drum and Lining Development3501031/1/1935
IN this paper, the authors have made no mention of the various types of brakes used in any of the tests, and have endeavored to avoid partiality to any particular type of brake drum or lining, as each fills a particular need which can only be determined by the individual requirements of each car manufacturer. Brake drums and brake lining must be considered together in present-day brake engineering. The manufacturers of both products have found it necessary to carry on extensive development programs in order to improve the performance of their respective products. Test results should not be a matter of opinion, or subject to a wide variation in the personal equation. Therefore, this paper is devoted to a general description of the latest inertia-type brake-drum-and-lining testing-dynamometers, giving illustrations of both machines and descriptions of the functions of the various attachments, followed by an outline of the general methods at present in vogue for their use. No attempt has been made to present actual test-data, and a general discussion is given regarding the use of the machines at present. The discussion leads to but one conclusion-the necessity for exact and thorough evaluation in order that the performance characteristics of drums and lining can be definitely established and classified. This can only be brought about by the development and use of special laboratory equipment such as is described, which can be relied upon to give consistent data, eliminating the human element and other variables which enter into the various methods of road testing.
Bockius, Chris, Hunt, J. Harold
Brakes and Brake-Linings from a Service Viewpoint2900471/1/1929
A TABULAR statement in which comparisons are made between acceleration and deceleration is presented by the author as proof of the need of frequent and scientific maintenance practices with regard to brakes. From the viewpoint of service, the author believes that the engineer's findings as to what constitutes the best lining for the particular brake he has designed for his particular car must be adhered to strictly. No one brake-lining will work equally well on all cars. In reconditioning used cars of any make, he has purchased the lining supplied by the manufacturer of the particular make of car when possible. Although water affects brakes equipped with molded linings, the trouble is only momentary, according to the author, because the heat quickly dries off the surface moisture. Squeaks are seldom caused by the molded lining itself, but mostly by protruding rivets, out-of-round brake-bands or brake-shoes, foreign matter on the linings, or eccentric adjustments. In conclusion, and because the author considers the brake linkage and brake adjustments to be the main causes of trouble, he emphasizes the importance of having every brake joint, lever and clevis-pin in good working order and thoroughly lubricated. He acknowledges that brake-testing machines have assisted considerably in adequate maintenance of braking systems, but says that it is well to remember that a brake-testing machine is only a measuring instrument.
ESKUCHE, OSCAR
Self-Energizing Brakes2800181/1/1928
THE theory and characteristics of brakes of the Steeldraulic system are set forth and their application in practice is explained. Self-energizing brakes are said to be desirable because they allow large clearances, low pedal-effort and frictional coefficient and, if properly designed, give a high degree of efficiency with smooth uniform action. To accomplish these results, the controls should deliver equal and accurate actuation to all brakes at all times, be designed to minimize the possibility of becoming inoperative on account of dirt and rust, require no servicing, be noiseless and of good appearance, and remain unaffected by climatic changes. Shoe design should allow very liberal limits and tolerances in wheel, axle and drum assemblies, without causing erratic brake-action or noises. The brake hook-up should follow the simplest line and use the least number of connecting links. Particular attention should be given to avoiding friction in the linkage and to keeping the linkage deflection small.
SNEED, JOHN
Internal Wheel-Brakes for High-Speed Heavy Vehicles2700521/1/1927
The paper deals primarily with internal wheel-brakes for trucks and motorcoaches, but passenger-car brakes with similar characteristics are considered possible. A simple two-shoe internal-expanding type developed mainly by empirical methods is found to be the most practical solution in spite of relatively low circumferential contact. Self-energization is necessary to reduce driver effort with normal pedal-travel. The factors controlling self-energization are explained in detail, and the effect of difference in the coefficient of friction of brake-linings is noted. Distortion of brake-drum and brake-shoes must be limited by a drum of heavy section and by extremely rigid shoes. Rotation of cam with respect to self-energizing shoe should tend to deflect the toe of shoe away from brake-drum surface. A floating cam is necessary to balance unequal wear on the brake-shoes and assure adequate braking with normal pedal-pressure. High-grade cast-iron brake-drums have been found to be generally more effective than steel drums with fabric-lined brakes. Air-brakes of the same general design, with metal-to-metal surfaces, are used in all four wheels of the six-cylinder motorcoach, but the floating-cam construction is unnecessary in this case. The metal-to-metal combination of high-carbon drums with low-carbon shoes is found to be effective under all weather conditions, and is regarded as the solution of the problem of brakes with adequate life and effective heat-dissipation for heavy, high-speed motorcoaches. Various problems of metal-brake design were brought to attention in the discussion, but most interest was shown in the questions of the relative cost of brakes of different types and of heat-dissipating qualities.
CHURCH, H. D.
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