Browse Topic: Brake fluids

Items (186)

Verifying large alternate product code for an Joint Aerospace/Ground Vehicle Document document - JAGV01

JAGV00000000000000000000000000001_202511 (Current)

11/24/2025

Verifying large alternate product code for an Joint Aerospace/Ground Vehicle Document document - JAGV01

Active Safety Systems Standards Committee

Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid

J1703_202511 (Historical)

11/21/2025

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycolethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Hot Impulse Test for Hydraulic Brake Hose Assemblies

J1833_202510 (Current)

10/13/2025

test

Automotive Brake and Steering Hose Standards Comm

Service Maintenance of SAE J1703 and SAE J1704 Brake Fluids in Motor Vehicle Brake Systems

J1707_202106 (Current)

6/10/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice provides basic recommendations for dispensing and handling of SAE J1703 and SAE J1704 Brake Fluids by Service Maintenance Personnel to assure their safe and effective performance when installed in or added to motor vehicle hydraulic brake actuating systems. This document is concerned only with brake fluid and those system parts in contact with it. It describes general maintenance procedures that constitute good practice and that should be employed to help assure a properly functioning brake system. Recommendations that promote safety are emphasized. Specific step-by-step service instructions for brake maintenance on individual makes or models are neither intended nor implied. For these, one should consult the vehicle manufacturer’s service brake maintenance procedures for the particular vehicle. Vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations should always be followed.

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Low Water Tolerant Brake Fluids

J1705_202105 (Current)

5/28/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice was prepared to provide engineers, designers, and manufacturers of motor vehicles with a set of minimum performance requirements in order to assess the suitability of silicone and other low water tolerant type brake fluids (LWTFs) for use in motor vehicle brake systems. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM). In the development of the recommended requirements and test procedures contained herein, it is concluded that the LWTFs must be functionally compatible with braking systems designed for SAE J1703 and SAE J1704 fluids. To utilize LWTFs to the fullest advantage, they should not be mixed with other brake fluids. Inadvertent mixtures of LWTFs with fluids meeting SAE J1703 are not known to have any adverse effects on performance, but not all combinations have been tested. Vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed where indicated. These fluids are not necessarily suitable for use in central hydraulic or pumped systems and are not intended for use below temperatures of -50 °C (-58 °F). Brake fluids covered under this document are not required to tolerate water and extreme caution should be exercised to prevent accidental entry of water which might lead to brake failure. Other performance characteristics of these LWTFs not covered in this document are discussed in Appendix A.

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Low-Duty Inertia Dynamometer Hydraulic Brake Wear Test Procedures for Vehicles Above 4536 kg (10000 pounds) of GVWR

J3006_202005 (Current)

5/26/2020

This Recommended Practice is derived from OEM and tier-1 laboratory tests and applies to two-axle multipurpose passenger vehicles, or trucks with a GVWR above 4536 kg (10 000 pounds) equipped with hydraulic disc or drum service brakes. Before conducting testing for a specific brake sizes or under specific test conditions, review, agree upon, and document with the test requestor any deviations from the test procedure. Also, the applicable criteria for the final test results and wear rates deemed as significantly different require definition, assessment, and proper documentation; especially as this will determine whether or not Method B testing is needed. This Recommended Practice does not evaluate or quantify other brake system characteristics such as performance, noise, judder, ABS performance, or braking under extreme temperatures or speeds. Minimum performance requirements are not part of this recommended practice. Consistency and margin of pass/fail of the minimum requirements related to wear rates and wear behavior can be assessed as part of the project in coordination with the test requestor. NOTE: This Recommended Practice uses the unit conversion and rounding techniques from the NIST Special Publication 811. This to ensure the use of standard conversion factors and to determine the appropriate number of significant digits to ensure the Rounding Error (RE) of the converted unit is smaller than or similar to the RE of the original English or Imperial unit.

Truck and Bus Hydraulic Brake Committee

Research on Compensation Redundancy Control for Basic Force Boosting Failure of Electro-Booster Brake System

2020-01-02164/14/2020

As a new brake-by-wire solution, the electro-booster (Ebooster) brake system can work with the electronic stability program (ESP) equipped in the real vehicle to realize various excellent functions such as basic force boosting (BFB), active braking and energy recovery, which is promoting the development of smart vehicles. Among them, the BFB is the function of Ebooster's servo force to assist the driver's brake pedal force establishing high-intensity braking pressure. After the BFB function failure of the Ebooster, it was not possible to provide sufficient brake pressure for the driver's normal braking, and eventually led to traffic accidents. In this paper, a compensation redundancy control strategy based on ESP is proposed for the BFB failure of the self-designed Ebooster. Firstly, introduced the working principle of Ebooster and ESP, and a suitable pressure-building circuit was selected for the dual brake actuator system; Secondly, after the BFB failure of Ebooster, the rule-based strategy of braking awareness recognition was designed. Thirdly, a layered closed-loop compensation control strategy is designed based on the ESP to restore the pressure building capacity of the hydraulic system. Finally, based on dSPACE products, a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) experimental bench with dual brake actuators including ESP and Ebooster was built for algorithm verification. The HiL experiment results show that after the BFB failure of Ebooster, the designed compensation redundancy control algorithm can restore the Pressure-Volume (P-V) characteristics of the brake system just like Ebooster's conventional BFB mode, and improve vehicle driving safety.

Zhao, Jian, Chen, Zhicheng, Zhu, Bing, Wu, Jian

A Study on the Optimum Reduction of Required Brake Fluid Level for Improvement of the High Speed Continuous Brake Distance

2019-01-21219/15/2019

The high speed continuous braking distance assessment is the worst condition for thermal fades. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between fade characteristic and friction materials & brake fluid amount for improving braking distance. So, we used the dynamometer to measure the friction coefficient, braking distance and required brake fluid amount. Through the measurements, the research was carried out as follows. First of all, we studied the influence of friction coefficient about different shapes (chamfer shape, area of the friction material, number of slots) on the same friction material. Secondly, we knew the effects of braking distance by the shape of the friction material. Through these two studies, the shape of the friction material favorable to the fade characteristics was derived. Finally, we measured the amount of required brake fluid in caliper after 10 consecutive braking cycles through Dynamometer. And then, we measured the amount of compression deformation and uneven wear of the friction material. It was found that the above two factors cause the increase the amount of required brake fluid. Through this study, in order to have strength for the fade characteristic, it is required that continuous management of the friction material and shape of brake pad. This is because the friction coefficient and the high temperature compression deformation of the friction material are determined by its material. Also, it is necessary to robust design the caliper for reducing for uneven wear about the brake pad.

Kim, Junggyu, Kim, Kwang Yun, So, Eue-sub

High-Preload Deflection and Compressibility Test Procedures for Friction Materials

J2468_201811 (Current)11/12/2018

This standard specifies a method for testing and measuring the deflection of friction materials assemblies and compressibility of friction materials. This standard applies to disc brake pad assemblies and its coupons or segments, brake shoe lining and its coupons or segments, and brake blocks segments used in road vehicles. This SAE test method is consistent in intent with the ISO 6310 and the JIS 4413.

Brake Linings Standards Committee

Compressible Brake Fluid Turbulent Flow Simulation and Experimental Verification on Brake Bleeding Performance Improvements of an EPB Caliper

2018-01-187610/5/2018

Brake bleeding is the process of removing air bubbles present on hydraulic brake systems from the master cylinder to the calipers of a vehicle, including the brake pipes and hoses. This is very important procedure affecting on brake performance, but still has been a key issue in automobile industry for last decades because reaching best bleeding performance has a limit that there is always remaining air in brake system. In this paper, it is reported on numerical and experimental investigations into the topic of bleeding performance improvements. Compressible brake fluid turbulent flow simulation with two-phase mixture model was performed to investigate the details of the bleeding performance drop during its cycles. The rig test of the hollow cylinder was carried out in order to secure the brake consumption amount curve whose results were used for the criterion of the parametric simulations using Tait equation to estimate the property of the brake fluid with the bulk modulus of 19,535 bar and 0.00016%. It was observed that the experimental curve data from the rig test of the hollow cylinder is divided into two regions with high and low compressibility, and more volume change in the low region below 1 bar is required to gain the same pressure variation due to the compression of the tiny air bubbles. The improved design of the nut-spindle with 6 holes in circumferential direction was drawn for the better removal of the trapped air. The simulation of the improved model showed the manual bleeding performance improvements of 18.9% than the baseline model due to the holes effect on circulation of the trapped air. It was experimentally verified that the air bubbles from their visualization are compressed to form the smaller size bubbles in the process of pressurization and gathered on the topmost side, whereas they are again expanded to form the larger size bubbles in the process of pressure release and spread into the wider space. The bleeding performance for the improved model was also experimentally verified to be effective up to approximately 51% through the caliper performance tester.

Mo, Jang-Oh

Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid Container Compatibility

J75_201807 (Current)7/12/2018

Motor vehicle brake fluid must conform to the requirements of SAE J1703 or J1704, not only when manufactured, but also after extended storage in any commercial packaging container. The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to generate an awareness of the major problems involved in the storage of brake fluids and, to some extent, provide means of circumventing them. It is also the purpose of this document to relate to experience and to test data accumulated and to list certain conclusions which should aid in the proper selection of containers for brake fluid.

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Production, Handling, and Dispensing of SAE J1703 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids and J1704 Borate Ester Based Brake Fluids

J1706_201706 (Historical)6/9/2017

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Copper-Free NAO Brake Pad Formulation with Improved Electrostatic Paintability Based on Conductive Carbon Powders

2016-01-19169/18/2016

A wide range of different carbon powders is available and currently used in friction materials like coke, graphite and carbon black. The effect of the type of carbon on braking performance has been extensively investigated in the past and it has been demonstrated that graphite can play an important role in copper-free brake pads. However, there are no studies about the influence of carbon powders on the processability of brake pads. Brake pads need to be painted in order to avoid corrosion. Typically electrostatic painting is used on an industrial scale, which requires the brake pads to be conductive. NAO brake pads (and especially Cu-free NAO brake pads) are rather insulating, and therefore difficult to paint. In this presentation we’ll show how special carbon powders can increase the electrical conductivity and therefore allow easy painting of brake pads. Based on these investigations, a new copper-free NAO formulation has been developed. This new formulation shows good performance and can be produced without adapting the existing production equipment, and is therefore ready to be used for mass production. Overall, our results indicate that the type of carbon powder used in brake pads has strong influence not only on brake performance but also on the processability of brake pads. In particular, the use of special carbon powders allows easy painting of brake pads for high performing Cu-free NAO brake pad formulations.

Gilardi, Raffaele, Sarocchi, Davide, Bounous, Loredana

Model-Based Pressure Control for an Electro Hydraulic Brake System on RCP Test Environment

2016-01-19549/18/2016

In this paper a new pressure control method of a modified accumulator-type Electro-hydraulic Braking System (EHB) is proposed. The system is composed of a hydraulic motor pump, an accumulator, an integrated master cylinder, a pedal feel simulator, valves and pipelines. Two pressurizing modes are switched between by-motor and by-accumulator to adapt different pressure boost demands. A differentiator filtering raw sensor signal and calculating pedal speed is designed. By using the pedal feel simulator, the relationship between wheel pressures and brake force is decoupled. The relationships among pedal displacement, pedal force and wheel pressure are calibrated by experiments. A model-based PI controller with predictor is designed to lower the influences caused by delay. Moreover, a self-tuning regulator is introduced to deal with the parameter’s time-varying caused by temperature, brake pads wearing and delay variation. To verify the controller validity, a Rapid Control Prototype (RCP) test environment based on dSPACE is built. Self-designed HCU and pedal feel simulator are installed in test bench. The close loop test results of pressure tracking are plotted and analyzed by contrasting normal PI controller and proposed controller. The conclusion indicates that the proposed controller can reach a balance of rapidity and accuracy, meanwhile the operating time and energy consumption are also reduced.

Xiong, Zhe, Pei, Xiaofei, Guo, Xuexun, Zhang, Chengcai

Service Maintenance of SAE J1703 and J1704 Brake Fluids in Motor Vehicle Brake Systems

J1707_201609 (Historical)

9/13/2016

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Rubber Boots for Drum-Type Hydraulic Brake Wheel Cylinders

J1604_201512 (Current)12/17/2015

This SAE Standard covers molded rubber boots used as end closures on drum-type wheel brake actuating cylinders to prevent the entrance of dirt and moisture, which could cause corrosion and otherwise impair wheel brake operation. The document includes performance tests of brake cylinder boots of both plain and insert types under specified conditions and does not include requirements relating to chemical composition, tensile strength, or elongation of the rubber compound. Further, it does not cover the strength of the adhesion of rubber to the insert material where an insert is used. The rubber material used in these boots is classified as suitable for operation in a temperature range of −40 to +120 °C ± 2 °C (−40 to + 248 °F ± 3.6 °F).

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation for an Integrated Braking System

2015-01-15824/14/2015

Comparing with traditional braking systems of automobiles, the brake-by-wire (BBW) system has a faster dynamic response and is more suitable for applications that facilitate regenerative braking. As the two main categories of BBW systems, the well-known electro-hydraulic braking system and electro- mechanical braking system are not compact enough and their fail-safe function has always been a worrying aspect. A new BBW system called integrated braking system (IBS) by employing the hydraulic multiplex method was proposed in recent years. The IBS implements power-assisted braking and active braking by means of just an integrated unit. It can certainly be used for ABS, ASR and ESC systems for building up and reducing brake pressure. Presented in the paper is a new structure of IBS, which is mainly composed of a motor, ball screw, master cylinder and four 2/2-way valves. The main parameters of the system and performance requirements of the motor are determined by means of simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The prototype and controller of the system had been developed, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) test rig was built. Vehicle dynamics model was performed in veDYNA to provide variables such as slip rate and wheel speed to the controllers. The HILS results show that the single wheel cylinder pressure regulation frequency can reach 20Hz. Limited by the performance of the motor, the system can only realize part of ABS functions.

Yong, Jiawang, Gao, Feng, Ding, Nenggen, Wang, Wei, Hu, Xianrong

Proposed Metrological Method for Identifying Automotive Brake Discs

2015-01-06914/14/2015

The main aim of this work is to develop an identification method to demonstrate the crucial surfaces of automotive braking system. Two brand new brake discs manufactured by two different manufacturers are tested. A typical disc to the one of them was put under working condition in actual braking system. Dimensional and geometrical deviations are investigated using advanced engineering metrological technique. Mechanical properties, tribological characteristics and chemical analyses are investigated. A coordinate measuring machine, universal hardness tester, mass comparator and XRF spectrometer are used in these diagnoses. Measurements of dimensional and geometrical deviations such as disc thickness variations, thickness deviations, straightness, parallelism, runout of disc surfaces are conducted. A comparison between form deviations in disc surfaces have been carried out and analyzed. The effect of material properties of the influencing surfaces on the wear rate and hardening of surfaces has been discussed. Wear rate under severe sliding conditions is thus strongly influenced by the geometrical and hardness characteristics. The wear rate of used brake disc rotor induced fatigue phenomena is accurately identified. Correlations between design specifications and real surface characteristics are evaluated. The results showed that implementation of the engineering metrology techniques to understand and predict the dynamic behaviors for auto brake discs are necessary successful. Moreover, repeatability of the measurement results is conducted to confirm their precision.

Ali, Salah H. R., Zahwi, Sarwat Z. A., Dadoura, Hassan H.

Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Diaphragm Gasket

J1605_201411 (Current)11/26/2014

This SAE Standard covers performance requirements and methods of test for master cylinder reservoir diaphragm gaskets that will provide a functional seal and protection from outside dirt and water.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

ASURT Formula Student Brake Design

2014-01-24879/28/2014

The Braking System is the most crucial part of the racing vehicle. There is no doubt, that if only one minority failure in the braking system took place, this would be more than enough reason to cause the racing team disqualification from the competition. Time is the main and the most important criteria for any racing competition; on the other hand the formula student “FS UK SAE” competition care the most about developing the automotive engineering sense in the students by putting them under strict rules normally taken from the original version “formula 1” to encourage their creativity to reach the optimum performance under these strict rules. One of the most important rules is “No Braking by wire”, and the obvious consequences are more stopping distance and time. Braking distance is a critical facture in achieving racing success in a competitive domain. This report will cover using the bias bar, dynamic weight distribution “before and after braking” and carefully choosing the braking and suspension system components dimensions, in order to fulfill the main functions of “ABS and EBD” which are preventing the wheels from lock-up and preventing side skid of the vehicle during cornering in the different dynamic tests with full consideration of the maximum approachable deceleration of the vehicle without locking up without using any kind of electronic “actuators or control”. Mathematical model “Matlab” and Physical model “AME SIM” will be used to support the report's results.

Barakat, Mohamed Samy

Development of Composite Brake Pedal Stroke Simulator for Electro-Hydraulic Braking System

2014-01-01174/1/2014

A brake pedal stroke simulator for Electro-hydraulic Braking System (EHBS) was developed to ensure the comfort braking pedal feel for the brake-by-wire system. An EHBS with an integrated master cylinder was proposed, and a composite brake pedal stroke simulator was designed for the EHBS, which was comprised of two inline springs and a third parallel one. A normally closed solenoid valve was used to connect the master cylinder booster chamber and the stroke simulator. The suitable brake pedal stroke was achieved by three stages of these springs' compression, whereas the solenoid valve was shutdown to enable mechanical control of the service brakes when electrical faults appeared. The pedal stroke simulator and the EHBS were modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK-AMESim, and then the pedal stroke characteristic including the depressing and releasing process and its influencing factors, namely the preload force of the return spring, the cross-sectional area of the solenoid valve orifice, piston damping coefficient, and the pressure booster ratio were analyzed during the normal and failsafe mode. A bench test and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation were built to verify the stroke simulator performance. The simulation and test results show that the proposed pedal stroke simulator can meet the requirements of EHBS with improved braking comfort and driving safety.

Liu, Yang, Sun, Zechang, JI, Wenbin

Scope of Regenerative (Magnetic) Braking in the Production of Electricity in Automobiles

2013-01-254310/14/2013

It is of common knowledge that tapping all the feasible sources of energy and systems which prevent losses is the need of the hour. Currently, many such systems have been developed including “REGENERATIVE BRAKING”. The usual method for regenerative braking includes using a dynamo attached to the crankshaft which gets charged when the wheel rotates during idling. However, this study aims at doing this differently by attaching the regenerative system at the wheels. Considering an example of wastage of energy, a 1000 kg car brakes from 36km/h (10m/s) to 18km/h (5m/s) about 150 times in a liter consumption of diesel. We can safely calculate wastage of 5625 KJ of kinetic energy. This paper aims to explore this immense potential source of energy recovery by producing & storing electricity using magnetic braking on wheels of automobiles. Also, the location of the magnetic braking system ensures that the heat produced is dissipated fast enough, which is unlike conventional regenerative braking. The whole idea revolves around providing assistance (light braking) to normal braking system alongside producing electricity. In order to ensure this, Neodymium magnets are attached to the boundary of the wheel. In addition to this, the brake pipe is bifurcated to one with larger diameter and the other with very small diameter. The broader branch will ensure the conventional braking and the narrow branch will be attached to a dynamo which is placed close to the axis of the magnets so as to induce flux in its coil. On the application of brakes, braking fluid will reach the pipe attached to the dynamo faster due to pipe's smaller cross section. This in turn will push forward the dynamo towards the moving magnets producing resistive action to the wheel due to a change of flux in the dynamo coil. Also, it induces a variable current in the dynamo which is measured and the electricity from it is stored in a battery via rectifier. Keeping in mind the actual variations in light braking, this paper includes finding relations between current and rpm of the wheel and also between the distance of the dynamo coil from the magnets and the voltage observed, which proved helpful in predicting the behavior of real world on-road vehicle. The second phase of this study includes incorporating this technology in all modern automobiles.

Kaul, Satya, Gupta, Jaideep, Sharma, Shubham, Kumar, Naveen

Characterization of Caliper Piston Material Stiffness and Damping

2013-01-20509/30/2013

The brake caliper piston plays a key role in caliper function, taking significant responsibility for qualities such as fluid consumption, insulation of the brake fluid from heat, seal rollback function, and brake torque variation sensitivity to disc thickness variation. It operates in a strenuous environment, being routinely subjected to high stresses and elevated temperatures. Given all of the demands on this safety-critical component (strength, stiffness, wear resistance, stable friction against rubber, thermal stability, machinability, manageable thermal conductivity, and more), there are actually relatively few engineering materials suitable for use as a caliper piston, and designs tend to be limited to steel, aluminum, and engineered plastics (phenolic composites). The lattermost - phenolic composites - has been of especial interest recently due to mass savings and possible reduction in brake corner judder sensitivity to disc thickness variation. This paper focuses on characterizing two important mechanical characteristics, stiffness and damping, of the most common piston materials, steel and phenolic. Data are shown first suggesting the effect of piston material on brake performance, and then stiffness and damping data from different methodologies are presented. From these data, a preferred methodology is recommended and results are reconciled with brake corner subsystem performance and modeling.

Antanaitis, David B., Riefe, Mark, Ciechoski, Chris, Flaim, Thomas, Greening, C

Hydraulic Wheel Cylinders for Automotive Drum Brakes

J101_201307 (Current)7/9/2013

This document specifies minimum performance and durability requirements for satisfactory vehicle usage, and it is applicable to wheel cylinder assemblies from commercial production, after production shipment, shelf storage, and remanufacture (factory rebuild).

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Brake Duty Cycle Simulation for Thermal Design of Vehicle Braking System

2013-36-00155/15/2013

Successive braking of the vehicle, hereinafter referred as brake duty cycle, can elevate the temperature of the brake disc to a very high level. Such high temperatures reached in brake discs can lead to vaporization of the brake fluid if the vehicle is at rest after the brake duty cycle. Excessive temperature operation of the brake disc can also lead to thermal cracks, judder, brake fade, wear and reduce braking effectiveness. Simulation tools can be used to predict the excessive temperature reached during successive braking event. After visualizing the complex flow field over the brake system and analyzing the heat transfer from brake system, simulations can be employed at the early design stage to optimize the design for more airflow over brake discs thus reducing the high temperatures and associated brake fade. In this paper, a CFD model of the vehicle with brake system is coupled with a thermal solver at braking and acceleration velocities. Heat input due to conversion of Kinetic Energy of the vehicle is calculated from the velocity fluctuations during braking and acceleration events. Calculated heat input along with heat transfer coefficients (HTC) variation due to speed changes are used in a standalone thermal simulation to predict the temperature of entire brake system including brake disc after each braking event in a ten brake stop brake duty cycle. Use of solid mesh for brake disc and neighboring parts such as hub and rim, further enhances the temperature prediction by modeling the conduction during heat up and cooldown event precisely. Multiple design iterations can be executed in a rapid turn-around time to analyze and improve the brake cooling performance.

Bhambare, K., Haffey, M., Jelic, S.

Determination of Brake Fluid Temperature

J291_201304 (Current)4/9/2013

This code provides a test procedure for obtaining and determining extremely high brake fluid temperature encountered in the brake system of a vehicle that is equipped with disc brakes. Vehicles in normal operation may or may not produce brake fluid temperatures that are obtained in this procedure.

Road Test Procedures Standards Committee

Thermomechanical Stress Analysis of Vehicles Gray Cast Brake

2013-01-08774/8/2013

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the thermomechanical behavior of the dry contact between the brake disc and pads during the braking phase. The simulation strategy is based on computer code ANSYS11. The modeling of transient temperature in the disc is actually used to identify the factor of geometric design of the disc to install the ventilation system in vehicles. The thermal-structural analysis is then used with coupling to determine the deformation and the Von Mises stress established in the disk, the contact pressure distribution in pads. The results are satisfactory when compared to those of the specialized literature.

Belhocine, Ali, Mostefa, Bouchetara

Structural Testing of Passenger Car and Truck Disc Brakes

J1713_201302 (Historical)2/13/2013

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Hydraulic Valves for Motor Vehicle Brake Systems - Performance Requirements

J1137_201212 (Current)12/3/2012

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Materials for Plastic Pistons for Hydraulic Disc Brake Cylinders

J1568_201204 (Current)4/30/2012

The materials defined by this SAE Standard are glass-fiber-reinforced, mineral-filled phenolic molding compounds suitable for compression molding. Preforms may be radio frequency preheated or screw preheated slugs. Compound for use in hydraulic disc brake caliper pistons.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Remanufactured Hydraulic Master Cylinder for Motor Vehicle Brakes - General Characteristics and Test Procedure

J1693_201204 (Current)4/30/2012

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Shelf Storage of Hydraulic Brake Components

J1825_201204 (Current)4/30/2012

This SAE Information Report is the listing of recommendations for shelf storage for hydraulic brake components. Included in brake components are wheel cylinders, master cylinders, combination valves, and disc brake caliper assemblies. This document is not a specification. This document embodies the analyses and experiences of many users and manufacturers. Where specific manufacturers' recommendations are made, those recommendations shall supersede the recommendations of this document. This document lists the successful procedures and practices associated with brake components based on long experience of a wide cross section of manufacturers and users. The practices are expected to be applied to all brake components where SAE standards are applicable.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Rubber Dust Boots for the Hydraulic Disk Brake Piston

J1570_201204 (Current)4/30/2012

This SAE Standard covers molded rubber boots used on disc brake pistons to prevent the entrance of dirt and moisture which could cause corrosion and otherwise impair caliper operation. The specification includes performance tests of brake piston boots of both plain and insert types under specified conditions and does not include requirements relating to chemical composition or physical properties of the rubber compound. Further, it does not cover the strength of the adhesion of rubber to the insert material where an insert is used. The rubber material used in these boots is classified as suitable for operating in a temperature range of -40 to + 120 °C ± 2 °C (-40 to + 248 °F ± 3.6 °F).

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Remanufactured Hydraulic Master Cylinder for Motor Vehicle Brakes - Performance Requirements

J1694_201204 (Current)

4/30/2012

This SAE Recommended Practice defines minimum requirements for general characteristics, performance, and durability. It is applicable to remanufactured assemblies (factory rebuild) only. This document applies to master cylinder assemblies and components of current established designs but does not cover fluid level sensors, integral proportioning valves, or those master cylinders used in anti-lock brake or traction control systems. These will be covered by other standards. The general characteristics and test procedure are specified in SAE J1693.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Hydraulic Master Cylinders for Motor Vehicle Brakes Test Procedure

J1153_201202 (Current)2/17/2012

This SAE Standard specifies the test procedure to determine minimum performance and durability characteristics for master cylinder assemblies of current established designs, components of which conform to SAE Standards. It is applicable to new assemblies from commercial production and remanufacture (factory rebuild). The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified in SAE J1154.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Hydraulic Master Cylinders for Motor Vehicle Brakes - Performance Requirements

J1154_201202 (Current)2/17/2012

This SAE Standard specifies minimum performance and durability requirements for master cylinder assemblies of current established designs, components of which conform to SAE Standards. It is applicable to new assemblies from commercial production and remanufacture (factory rebuild). These performance requirements are based on those generally used by individual companies in the industry and have demonstrated satisfactory component field performance.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Moisture Transmission Test Procedure - Hydraulic Brake Hose Assemblies

J1873_201202 (Current)2/16/2012

Automotive Brake and Steering Hose Standards Comm

Production, Handling, and Dispensing of SAE J1703 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids and J1704 Borate Ester Based Brake Fluids

J1706_201202 (Historical)2/6/2012

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Service Maintenance of SAE J1703 and J1704 Brake Fluids in Motor Vehicle Brake Systems

J1707_201111 (Historical)

11/21/2011

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Development of an Electrically-Driven Intelligent Brake System for EV

2011-39-72115/17/2011

This paper presents the electrically driven intelligent brake system that has been developed for electric vehicles, which are expected to penetrate markets rapidly amid the ongoing energy paradigm shift. This brake system achieves a cooperative energy regeneration function and high responsiveness while providing braking performance, system reliability and vehicle mounting ease equal to that of conventional brake systems with a vacuum booster. This paper outlines the newly developed brake system and describes how to decide the target brake force which is achieved a regenerative braking capability for recovering energy efficiently without sacrificing braking.

Fujiki, Noriaki, Koike, Yuichi, Ito, Yoshinori, Suzuki, Goro, Gotoh, Shinnosuke, Ohtani, Yukio, Yamagucki, Tohma

Rubber Cups for Hydraulic Actuating Cylinders

J1601_201103 (Current)

3/16/2011

These specifications cover molded cups 51 mm (2 in) in diameter and under, compounded from high temperature resistant rubber for use in hydraulic actuating cylinders employing motor vehicle brake fluid conforming to the requirements specified in SAE J1703 and SAE J1705. These specifications cover the performance tests of hydraulic brake cups under specified conditions and do not include requirements relating to chemical composition, tensile strength, and elongation of the rubber compound. Disc brake seals are not covered by this document.

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Selection of EPDM Elastomer in Brake Hose Application for Improved Brake System Performance

2010-01-188510/5/2010

Brake system has been considered as the most important safety system for a vehicle. Performance of the Brake system depends upon various factors like purity of brake fluid, material and construction of rubber hose, rubber seal performance etc. The purity of the brake fluid is one of the most vital factor and incompatibility of the rubber hose with brake fluid causes contamination of the brake fluid. This intern can cause shrinkage / swelling of master, slave cylinder rubber seals. The change in the dimensional of the rubber seals directly affects the performance of the brake system. In order to evaluate the performance of the brake system, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and EPDM elastomers with different % of ethylene and varying ENB content were considered for brake fluid compatibility test. These rubber materials were tested in the different brands of DOT 3 brake fluid. Design of experiments has been carried out on EPDM material with different % of ethylene and varying ENB content to find out suitable and optimized combination of the rubber and brake fluid brands. The selected combination from the experiments has been taken further for component level tests. Traditionally, methods of test for the compatibility of brake fluid with rubber hose may not address the actual vehicle service conditions. To addresses the actual conditions; a new methodology has been developed. Hoses were successfully tested and their performance was compared in terms of volumetric expansion of rubber seal, brake fluid contamination, brake pedal sinking, and pedal efforts. This methodology can also be extended to detect contaminations in other types of fluids used in the automobile.

Sivakumar, Anandan, Sathaye, Asmita

Sacrificial Shield for the Wheel Hub Bearing Flange to Maintain Low Brake Rotor Lateral Runout

2008-01-254810/12/2008

Corrosion is one of the main issues causing noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) in the wheel-end brake system. This paper describes the development of a sacrificial shield, mounted between the hub bearing unit (HBU) flange and the brake rotor, in order to avoid the forming of corrosion. The zinc (Zn) coated layers on the sheet metal shield provide a chemical defensive mechanism as it takes steel's place in the corrosion reaction. Consequently RED rust will not start forming until all the Zn has been converted to WHITE rust. The duration of the conversion period is the “temporary corrosion protection period” for the HBU and rotor flanges and can maintain the delivered brake rotor Lateral Run Out (LRO) up to the first scheduled service for the rotor. If each time the Sacrificial Shield is replaced when brake rotor service takes place, the proper functioning and service life of the brake system will be prolonged.

Shevket, Cengiz, Zhou, Xiao Bo, Kapaan, Henk

Repeated Brake Temperature Analysis of Ventilated Brake Disc on the Downhill Road

2008-01-257110/12/2008

During braking, the kinetic energy and potential energies of a moving vehicle are converted into the thermal energy through frictional heat between the brake disc and the pads. Most of thermal energy dissipated through the brake disc. The object of the present study is simulation of heating and cooling processes of brake disc to investigate temperature field and temperature variation during driving along a downhill road. The velocity of automobile is limited by repeated brake when the speed exceeds to the maximum limited. The pad-disc brake assembly is built by 3D model and applied appropriate boundary condition. In the simulation process, the mechanical loads are applied to the thermo-mechanical coupling model in order to simulate the process of heat produced by friction. The Analysis results are compared to the measured data obtained from the downhill road brake experiment. The temperature field distribution in the disc under repeated braking presents a non-uniformity characteristic.

Hwang, Pyung, Wu, Xuan, Jeon, YoungBae

Borate Ester Based Brake Fluids

J1704_200809 (Historical)9/12/2008

This SAE standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. This standard covers different levels of performance properties compared to the SAE J1703 and SAE J1705 documents on brake fluids. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions or in braking systems requiring the use of mineral oil based hydraulic fluid. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid

J1703_200808 (Historical)8/29/2008

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Identification of Unknown Contaminants in ISS Water Samples Employing Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry

2008-01-21986/29/2008

Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry / Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is a powerful technique for identifying unknown non-volatile organic compounds dissolved in liquids. One type of LC/MS/MS that is gaining popularity is quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometry. This technique is now in use at the Johnson Space Center for identification of unknown nonvolatile organics in water samples from the space program. An example of the successful identification of an unknown peak in U.S. Lab Condensate is reviewed in detail in this paper. Each step of the procedure is described in the identification of triethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (TGBE) as the unknown analyte. The advantages of time-of-flight instrumentation are demonstrated through this example as well as the strategy employed in using time-of-flight data to identify unknowns. The use of the instrument for quantitative analysis is also demonstrated.

Rutz, Jeffrey A., Schultz, John R., Mudgett, Paul D.

Rubber Dust Boots for the Hydraulic Disc Brake Piston

J1570_200805 (Historical)5/13/2008

Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee

Low Water Tolerant Brake Fluids

J1705_200707 (Historical)

7/16/2007

This SAE Recommended Practice was prepared by the Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids Subcommittee of the SAE Hydraulic Brake Actuating Systems Committee to provide engineers, designers, and manufacturers of motor vehicles with a set of minimum performance standards in order to assess the suitability of silicone and other low water tolerant type brake fluids (LWTF) for use in motor vehicle brake systems. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM). In the development of the recommended requirements and test procedures contained herein, it is concluded that the LWTFs must be functionally compatible with existing motor vehicle brake fluids conforming to SAE J1703 and with braking systems designed for such fluids. To utilize LWTFs to the fullest advantage, they should not be mixed with other brake fluids. Inadvertent mixtures of LWTFs with fluids meeting SAE J1703 are not known to have any adverse effects on performance, but all combinations have not been tested. Vehicle manufacturer's recommendations should be followed where indicated. These fluids are not necessarily suitable for use in central hydraulic or pumped systems and are not intended for use below temperatures of −50 °C (−58 °F). Brake fluids covered under this document are not required to tolerate water and extreme caution should be exercised to prevent accidental entry of water which might lead to brake failure. Other performance characteristics of these LWTFs not covered in this document are discussed in Appendix A.

Brake Fluids Standards Committee

Numerical Investigation of Thermal Behavior in Brake Assembly During the ALPINE Braking Mode

2007-01-10214/16/2007

A three-dimensional numerical method for the prediction of transient temperature of various brake components including brake fluid reached during the ALPINE braking mode in a ventilated disc brake assembly is presented in this paper. The ALPINE braking mode is the representative mountain descent simulation mode. For this precise analytical prediction of each brake component temperature during a repeated braking and heat soaking, a specified disc brake system is modeled including the brake disc, pad assembly consist of lining and back plate, piston and caliper body. Through this three-dimensional numerical method, a correlativity of the brake assembly geometry and the brake fluid temperature could be expected. Analytical results are compared with measured data with a good correlation. The effects of the various system parameters on the brake fluid temperature are also investigated with a three-dimensional computation. The analytical method developed in this study will help to design a robust brake system and reduce the time-consuming experiments currently required.

Kim, M. R., Ahn, B. J., Lee, J. M., Jung, Y. K.

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