Browse Topic: Headlamps

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Performance Requirements for Road Illumination Devices Using Light Emitting Diode (LED) SourcesJ2650_202104 (Current)4/14/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document establishes additional performance requirements specifically for road illumination devices using light emitting diode (LED) sources.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Headlamp CleanersJ2111_202008 (Current)8/26/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test procedures, performance requirements, and guidelines for cleaners intended for use on motor vehicles.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Electrical System Maintenance of Design VoltageJ392_202005 (Current)5/26/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to electrical systems of motorcycles both with and without batteries.
Motorcycle Technical Steering Committee
Front Fog LampJ583_202005 (Current)5/13/2020
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines, and installation guidelines for front fog lamps.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Chromaticity Requirements for Ground Vehicle Lamps and Lighting EquipmentJ578_202004 (Current)4/29/2020
This SAE Standard defines and provides a means for the control of colors employed in motor vehicle external lighting equipment, including lamps and reflex reflectors. The document applies to the overall effective color of light emitted by the device in any given direction, and not to the color of the light from a small area of the lens. It does not apply to pilot, indicator, or tell-tale lights.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Influence of Background Spectral Distribution on Perceptions of Discomfort Glare2020-01-06374/14/2020
The advent of light-emitting diode (LED) technology for automotive lighting allows flexibility of the spectral distribution of forward headlighting systems, while meeting current requirements for “white” illumination. As vehicle headlights have become whiter (with more short-wavelength light output) over the past several decades, their potential impacts on visual discomfort for oncoming and preceding drivers have been hotly debated. It is known that a greater proportion of short-wavelength energy increases discomfort glare, and that increasing the background light level (e.g., through roadway lighting) will decrease perceptions of discomfort. More recently it has been demonstrated that the visual system exhibits enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity for perceptions of scene brightness. As a result, roads illuminated by light sources with higher correlated color temperatures (CCTs) will be judged as appearing to be brighter than those illuminated to the same light level by sources with lower CCTs. The present laboratory study was conducted to identify whether the increased scene brightness of a road illuminated with greater short-wavelength light helps to mitigate discomfort glare more than the same scene illuminated to the same light level, but with less short-wavelength light. The results indicate that the spectral distribution of the background plays little role in the degree to which it lessens discomfort glare. The implications of these results for vehicle and road lighting practices are discussed.
Nagare, Rohan M., Bullough, John D.
Innovative Bulb for Compact Headlamps Design2019-36-00661/13/2020
The Single beam reflector usage with H4 halogen bulb type is adopted in low cost emerging market countries that represent a very important segment for General Motors South America region. Currently, GM engineering tech centers have developed several different solutions for H4 halogen bulb reflector type that have their package, in terms of dimensions, to meet legal requirement and performance. Taking that into consideration, this new H19LL bulb development represents a great opportunity to find out an innovative new design with reduced mass and consequently cost reduction. Besides, it could allow enhancing reflectors portfolio as well as enabling Design Studio to better define customer driven theme for the vehicle appearance.
Cancino Junior, Israel João, Sônego, João Guilherme, de Souza, Raphael Nunes
Maintenance of Design Voltage - Snowmobile Electrical SystemsJ277_201909 (Current)9/25/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test methods and requirements for maintenance of design voltage in snowmobile electrical systems. It pertains to both battery-equipped and battery-less systems.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Halogen Light Source Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Forward LightingJ2560_201909 (Current)9/4/2019
This document establishes performance, material, and design requirements and design guidelines for halogen replaceable light sources used in road illumination devices for forward lighting. Non-halogen filament light sources suitable for forward lighting are specified in SAE J573. The terms “high beam filament” and “low beam filament” used throughout this document refer only to typical use, not to a mandatory, exclusive, or universal function of the filaments. This SAE Recommended Practice is periodically updated to keep pace with experience and technical advances.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Design of an Energy-Efficient Critical Angle Lens ReflectorTBMG-347687/1/2019
The critical angle lens reflector has commercial applications that supersede ordinary mirrored reflectors. The physics of the critical angle lens reflector are based on the optics principle of total internal reflection. Total internal reflection is characterized as follows: (1) as shown in Figure 2, the light rays are reflected off of the reflecting surface whereby the angle of reflection – with respect to the perpendicular to the reflecting surface – is equal to the angle of incidence of the ray, and (2) the reflection of the light ray takes place with no loss of energy upon reflection.
Glare Investigations and Safety Research on Digital Light Technologies2019-01-08494/2/2019
New human-machine interfaces are the direct result of digitalization. So also in lighting, new constellations have to be taken into account when looking to the possibilities of giving additional informations to the driver. Lighting and furthermore information given by light is a clear preference during nighttime driving. The global interest in standardization of light driven messages from autonomous vehicles to other traffic participants has opened new research needs in order to prepare full view on such new human-machine interface. In Europe, GTB (Group de Travail de Bruxelles) has established a working group dedicated to this topic. In order to provide a complete picture of the effects of digital light, the question of additional glare contribution by digital informations, i.e. extra projected light in form of patterns, symbols or areas was addressed in this research study. This article will show the investigations on wet and dry road glare while driving with digital informations. Objective data about the glare investigation and respective driving situation will be presented.
Hamm, Michael, Huhn, Wolfgang
Porsche reveals eighth-generation of fabled 91119AUTP01_151/1/2019
Regularly updating and evolving the Porsche 911's aesthetic signature might seem an impossible task. But more than half a century after its birth, the unveiling of the eighth-generation at the 2018 L.A. Auto Show demonstrated that it is in fact still a totally possible art-with design boss Michael Mauer the chief artist. Designated in-house as the 992 series and slightly larger than the outgoing 991, it is launched in rear-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive forms-Carrera S and Carrera 4S-and now only in the wide-body width previously used for the Carrera 4 GT3 and GTS, instead of two body widths. Across the nose, the new 911 is 45 mm (1.8 in) wider than the outgoing version, a figure some 911 purists may look at askance, as growth in recent years has already been considerable.
Birch, Stuart
Function Performance Status Classification for EMC Immunity TestingJ1812_201809 (Current)9/13/2018
This SAE Standard provides a general method for defining the acceptable function performance status classification for the functions of automotive electronic devices upon application of the test conditions specified as described in appropriate EMC immunity test standards (for example, SAE J1113 and SAE J551). Testing of devices could be performed either on or off vehicles. Appropriate test signal and methods, Function Performance status, and test signal severity level would have to be specified in the individual cases.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
New Osram IREDs enhance vehicle vision without harming human eyes18AUTP08_081/1/2018
As a compliment to cameras, LiDAR and radar, a new family of Infrared LEDs (IREDs) can expand the vision of SAE Level 4 and 5 autonomous vehicles without harming human eyes, claims maker Osram Opto Semiconductors. Infrared night vision cameras, LiDAR, radar, and vehicle headlights will provide autonomous vehicles with an ability to see the surroundings at night, but the technologies have limitations.
Buchholz, Kami
Lighting Identification CodeJ759_201712 (Current)12/20/2017
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the lighting function identification codes for use on all passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and emergency vehicles.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Dimensional Specifications for General Service Sealed Lighting UnitsJ3003_201711 (Current)11/16/2017
This SAE Recommended Practice provides dimensional specifications for the 41/2 and 53/4 inch general service sealed lighting units, intended for use in such applications as motorcycle headlamps, military headlamps, industrial machinery headlamps, fog lamps, spot lamps, etc. See Figures 1 and 2 and Tables 1 and 2.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Headlamp Aim Adjustment Deflection Analysis2017-36-007911/7/2017
It is common to see application of simulations to Support product development, being parts, sub-system or complete product, like a passenger vehicle. Another possible application of the simulation is to simulate assembly of parts and sub-systems. This paper captures one example of this application, where the headlamp aim adjustment done during the assembly line, is simulated to provide design changes to avoid issues during the normal production.
Junior, Israel João Cancino, Ramos, Roberto P, Lima, Alex Fabian Fragoso, Sales, Flávio Bréglia
Daytime Running LightJ2087_201708 (Historical)8/17/2017
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a daytime running light (DRL) function.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
The Research of the Adaptive Front Lighting System Based on GIS and GPS2017-01-00413/28/2017
Automotive Front Lighting System(AFS) can receive the steering signal and the vehicular speed signal to adjust the position of headlamps automatically. AFS will provide drivers more information of front road to protect drivers safe when driving at night. AFS works when there is a steering signal input. However, drivers often need the front road's information before they turn the steering wheel when vehicles are going to go through a sharp corner, AFS will not work in such a situation. This paper studied how to optimize the working time of AFS based on GIS (Geographic Information System) and GPS(Geographic Information System) to solve the problem. This paper analyzed the process of the vehicle is about to go through a corner. Low beams and high beams were discussed respectively. Taking into account the characteristics of GIS, GPS and driving conditions, this paper researched that when the vehicle derived on the single lane or double lane, the feasibility of the steering side headlight adjusted the position of the front light, and calculated the rotation angle and rotating angular velocity for the headlight, then determined the effective working range of the system. Then, the lighting areas of the system are showed by the simulation. The results showed that the pre-AFS can make the steering side headlight adjust the position of the lights most effectively before the vehicle go through the corner with the turning radius between 10-40 meters for low beams, and over 40 meters for high beams, it can provide more effective driving visual areas for drivers when they driving at night to reduce the incidence of accidents.
Xiong, Shengguang, Tan, Gangfeng, Guo, Xuexun, Xiao, Longjie
High Performance LED Bi-function Module for Universal HID Replacement2017-01-13613/28/2017
In this study, we are presenting design considerations for the development of a LED (Light-Emitting Diode) bi-function headlight module to replace conventional HID (High-Intensity Discharge) projector modules for retrofitting or first installation purposes. The objective was to develop a projector-type module to outperform current 35 W HID light sources in both low beam and high beam, but with far less installation space. Essential features like multichip LED usage and the optical system design will be described in detail. Special care was taken for the heat management of the high-power LEDs, with optimization of the heat dissipation thermal path via printed circuit board, heatsink and active cooling by extensive Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation work (CFD). The achieved projector lumen output of greater 1300 lm in low beam and 2000 lm in high beam enables a projector module of very compact size (<1,200 cm3) to easily replace HID modules.
Chiu, Huan-Ping, Uhlenberg, Gerald, Wang, Alex, Yen, Jung Hsien
Development of High Efficiency Rectifier with MOSFET in “eSC Alternator”2017-01-12283/28/2017
Alternator, which supplies electric energy to a battery and electrical loads when it is rotated by engine via belt, is one of key components to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. We have reduced rectification loss from AC to DC with a MOSFET instead of a rectifier diode. It is important to turn on the MOSFET and off during a rectification period, called synchronous control, to avoid a current flow in the reverse direction from the battery. We turn it off so as to remain a certain conduction period through a body diode of the MOSFET before the rectification end. It is controlled by making a feedback process to coincide with an internal target conduction period based on the rotational speed of the alternator. We reduced a voltage surge risk at turn-off by changing the feedback gain depending on the sign of the time difference between the measured period and the target. In addition to reducing the rectification loss, reducing copper loss with low resistance coil winding and iron loss with magnetic steel contributed to improve the alternator efficiency by 10%. As a result, we achieved 2.6g/km CO2 reduction in a petrol-fuelled vehicle calculated by a guideline with a reference to [1].
Nakanishi, Masaya
Apparatus and Method for a Light Direction SensorTBMG-263572/1/2017
This invention, developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, was originally conceived as a high-accuracy, high-sensitivity, bi-axial Sun angle sensor, but has also been proposed for applications involving the general field of precisely measuring the direction in which light travels toward the sensor. It has applications in spacecraft navigation, formation flying in space, space beacons, and automotive collision avoidance.
Replaceable Motorcycle Headlamp BulbsJ1577_201611 (Current)11/15/2016
This SAE Recommended Practice provides performance parameters and dimensional specifications for available light sources (replaceable bulbs) which are appropriate for motorcycle headlamps.
Motorcycle Lighting Committee-SumanTest-SumanTest-SumanTest
2016 Create the Future Contest: Automotive & Transportation Category WinnerTBMG-2576511/1/2016
Krishan Arora, Mike Baker, Glenn Barber, Peter Brett, Ross Dewhurst, Melvyn Dover, John Gamston, Steven Goodier, Annie Leeson, Vincent Panel, Ben Russell, Alessandra Scotese, Oliver Taylor, Julian Von Thungen-Reichenbach-Evans, Chris Wilks, John Ward-Zinski, and Roy Williamson
Front Fog LampJ583_201609 (Historical)9/21/2016
This SAE standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines and installation guidelines for front fog lamps.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Daytime Running LightJ2087_201606 (Historical)6/3/2016
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a daytime running light (DRL) function.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Next-gen electronic controls: Open source, scalable and integrated16MEIP06_106/1/2016
All trends point to rapidly increasing levels of vehicle electronics. That's forcing engineering managers to explore ways to consolidate hardware and improve software development while they adjust internal staffing and forge tighter alliances with customers and suppliers. A range of strategic and tactical changes were discussed by panelists during the session “Are Functions and Software Becoming More Important than Hardware in Vehicle Electronics Engineering?” during the 2016 SAE World Congress. They also took a few minutes to answer that question.
Costlow, Terry
A Quantitative Method for Accurately Depicting Still Photographs or Video of a Night-Time Scene Utilizing Equivalent Contrast2016-01-14634/5/2016
It is extremely important to accurately depict photographs or video taken of a scene at night, when attempting to show how the subject scene appeared. It is widely understood that digital image sensors cannot capture the large dynamic range that can be seen by the human eye. Furthermore, todays commercially available printers, computer monitors, TV’s or other displays cannot reproduce the dynamic range that is captured by the digital cameras. Therefore, care must be taken when presenting a photograph or video while attempting to accurately depict a subject scene. However, there are many parameters that can be altered, while taking a photograph or video, to make a subject scene either too bright or too dark. Similarly, adjustments can be made to a printer or display to make the image appear either too bright or too dark. There have been several published papers and studies dealing with how to properly capture and calibrate photographs and video of a subject scene at night. Most of these approaches have used a qualitative approach. Some methods have used contrast boards or gradients and the individual taking the photograph or video records his/her observations of what can and cannot be seen on the gradient. Then the photograph or video is calibrated so that the image matches what the initial observer could see. One prior method calibrates a CRT monitor, DLP projector and printer to produce images with similar contrast detection. Again, this approach is qualitative. This study presents a method for calibrating photographs and video, for use and display on printers, computer monitors, TV’s or other displays, with a quantitative method. This method removes potential interpretation bias and provides a scientific approach for determining if a photograph or video accurately depicts the contrast of the subject scene. This is accomplished by applying a similar approach to two different methods. The first method allows for a calibrated image of an object that cannot be seen and the second method allows for a calibrated image of an object that can be seen. In both methods, this is accomplished by measuring the contrast in a scene and adjusting the image for the appropriate contrast. Since there are no, previously published, methodologies for quantitatively determining if an image accurately represents a scene, this methodology is compared to previous, qualitative methods as well as Adrian’s Visibility model.
Suway, Jeffrey Aaron, Welcher, Judson
Quantification of Headlamp Degradation Due to Exposure to the Elements2016-01-14714/5/2016
It is well known that older vehicles’ headlight assemblies degrade with exposure to the elements and can become cloudy or crazed. It is also known that the degradation decreases the amount of useful light projected forward, which can drastically reduce night time or down-road visibility. Testing has been performed to measure the available light projected by old degraded headlamp assemblies and new replacement assemblies, to quantify the decrease in emitted light caused by the degradation. The work has been extended to quantify the improvement in available light when the degraded lenses are treated with commercially available restoration products. Five different vehicle headlamp assemblies representing four different manufacturers were tested measuring the illumination at a given distance with a modified Extech® illuminance meter. The illuminance was mapped at various points spanning plus or minus 24 degrees horizontally and plus or minus 4 degrees vertically to examine the effect of degradation in the overall lighting pattern as well as the intensity. This paper compares illuminance measurements from three types of vehicle headlight assemblies from each model vehicle: new replacement assembly, old degraded assembly, and old assembly with professionally restored lens.
Timpanaro, Anthony, Moody, Charles, Richardson, Wesley, Reckamp, Bradley, Keifer, Orion
Modern Methods for Random Fatigue of Automotive Parts2016-01-03724/5/2016
Conventional approaches for the fatigue life evaluation of automotive parts like headlamps involves the evaluation of random stress conditions in either the time or frequency domain. If one is working in the frequency domain the fatigue life can be evaluated using one of the available methods like the Rayleigh (Narrow Band) approach or the more recent Dirlik method. Historically, the random stresses needed as input to these methods have been evaluated by the FEA solver (eg Abaqus, or Nastran) and these “in built” stress evaluations have limitations which relate to the fact that the stress conditions are complex and so the common “equivalents” for stress like von-Mises or Principal have not been available. There have also been limitations in the location and method of averaging for such stresses. In addition, the fatigue calculation approach for doing the evaluation has been constrained to the linear stress based (S-N) method. And finally, random methods implemented inside such solvers are inherently inefficient. Modern methods process the system properties (transfer functions) rather than the response stresses and this offers significant improvements in terms of performance. The modern methods also offer better fatigue (and fatigue material) methods like the strain based (E-N) approach and more appropriate equivalent stress options. This paper presents comparisons between the conventional methods (using Abaqus and Nastran) and the more modern methods using the CAEfatigue VIBRATION (CFV) code.
Thesing, Thomas, Bishop, Neil
Automotive LED Headlamp Defogging: Experimental and Numerical Investigation2016-01-02164/5/2016
Fogging (i.e. condensation of water vapor) in headlamps in severe weather conditions present both a performance and potential safety concern for automotive companies. Conventional headlamps are based on incandescent bulbs. In recent times, LED lighting has increasingly become the norm. However, LED based headlamps are prone to higher levels of fogging because they inherently produce less heat than the conventional incandescent or halogen bulbs. A headlamp design must be able to dispose all the formed condensate/fog in a fixed time even under severe thermal conditions. It is of great importance for the car manufacturer to be able to simulate the risk of condensation early in the design stage with an eye on the overall cost reduction. The combined use of experimental studies and numerical modelling is important to optimize headlamp design and to produce high-performance headlamps. Most of the available literature on headlamp defogging simulation is based, primarily, on 2D geometries with simplified physics. However, in reality, the flow and thermal field inside of a headlamp assembly is highly complicated, encompassing conduction, convection, radiation, phase change and varying ambient conditions. This paper presents an overview of experimental and numerical investigations of the defogging process in an automotive headlamp. In this study, the Eulerian Wall Film (EWF) approach is implemented on a three-dimensional geometry to capture the underlying physics governing the defogging phenomenon inside the headlamp. Lab test observations indicate that the numerical predictions closely agree with the experimental data. Moreover, this study includes simulations on headlamp defogging characterization for different kinds of lens materials. Lenses made of glass and polycarbonate are considered in the analysis to quantify the impact of these materials on defogging performance, thus, enabling the selection of an appropriate lens material in terms of cost and performance with reduced developmental cycle time. The validated numerical prediction method can be used to study the risk of condensation and the required defogging early in the design stage.
Singh, Ramanand, Kuzhikkali, Remesh, Shet, Nitesh, Natarajan, Sekarapandian, Kizhedath, Govind, Arumugam, Murugan
Deutz-Fahr tractor debuts industry-first Hella LED light package15MEIP12_1512/1/2015
Deutz-Fahr collaborated with Hella to develop an industry-first LED light package for its line of 7 Series tractors. The Deutz-Fahr 7250 Warrior is equipped with 14 new Hella Module 70 LED Generation IV worklights, which in addition to close- and long-range illumination also offer a special extra-wide illumination, allowing for homogeneous light distribution across the work area. The tractor is the first in the market to incorporate this latest-generation LED light package. For the first time, LED output is on par with that of xenon in this compact design, according to Stefan Maierhofer, the Worklights Program Manager at Hella Fahrzeugteile Austria GmbH, where the company develops and produces its worklights. Equipped with three high-performance multichip LEDs, the Module 70 LED is rated to 2470 lumen and consumes just 30 W of energy.
Gehm, Ryan
Development of Cost Advantageous Designs for Headlight System Using Light Emitting Diodes2015-32-075011/17/2015
So far, the application of LED headlights to the motorcycle has been limited for only high-priced models, because LED light units and the drivers are expensive. In our development, the cost reduction of light source units was examined by implementing multiple medium intensity LEDs. Distributed mounting scheme was created for LEDs placed on the circuit board to meet the heat dissipation requirement without a heat sink, which is usually installed. By new mounting scheme, the requirement of heat dissipation has been successfully fulfilled by only using the copper foil layer. Moreover, by connecting LEDs in series, the driver circuit configuration was made simple while separate circuits are generally required both for a high-beam and a low-beam. By this configuration, the driver cost was reduced. With this circuitry change, some associated issues arose and measures were devised to cope with them. In addition, the method of driver circuitry, established through applications for conventional incandescent light sources, was applied to provide a discrete voltage in half-waves from the ACG apart from the supply from the battery. Using this method, the circuit was made configurable to manage the situation, in which the foreword voltage drop of LED exceeds the output voltage of the battery, without using a booster circuit. With these measures, a significant cost reduction was made feasible. Owing to those achievements, LED headlight system was made applicable to the motorcycle models in low-priced ranges.
Tsuchiya, Yosuke, Matsuzaki, Teppei, Takeshige, Tetsuo, Oguchi, Tsuyoshi
Lighting Inspection CodeJ599_201511 (Current)11/5/2015
This code is intended only for the inspection and maintenance of lighting equipment on motor vehicles that are in use.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Front Fog LampJ583_201510 (Historical)10/28/2015
This SAE standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines and installation guidelines for front fog lamps.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Rear Fog Lamp SystemsJ1319_201510 (Historical)10/28/2015
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for rear fog lamp systems.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
System for Recirculation of Mobile Tooling2015-01-24949/15/2015
Aircraft assembly systems which require tooling or machinery to pulse or move between multiple positions within a factory can be positioned with high repeatability without high performance foundations or sweeping out large areas of floorspace. An example shows a system of large left and right-hand frames which are positioned at 3 sequential manufacturing steps and then recirculated to the start of production via a central return aisle. The frames are 41 ton actual weight and are 72′ long, similar to a rail car. The system achieves rectangular motion for the recirculation path. The supporting and moving system incorporates low-cost rail in a floor with minimal preparation and simple to use controls. The system is also easily reconfigured if the manufacturing system needs to be altered to meet rate or flow requirements.
Hempstead, Benjamen D., Smith, Scott
Daytime Running LightJ2087_201509 (Historical)9/2/2015
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a daytime running light (DRL) function.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Harmonized Provisions for Installation of Exterior Lamps and Retro-Reflecting Devices on Road Vehicles Except MotorcyclesJ2442_201507 (Current)7/22/2015
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to road vehicles except motorcycles. It describes the commonalities of installation requirements for lighting and light signaling devices contained in the regulatory requirements and industry standards of North America, Japan, and the widely-adopted UNECE ("European") Regulations. It does not apply to installation of lighting and light signaling devices specific to special purpose vehicles, including but not limited to police, medical and other emergency or public service vehicles. This document does not carry force of law and does not replace regulatory requirements in effect at the time of application. It is subject to change to reflect additional experience, technical advances, and especially changes in government and industry documents used as references. Users of this document are advised to mind the applicable legal requirements in effect where their vehicles will be sold and registered.
International Cooperation Committee
An Innovative Approach to Avoid Battery Drainage in Motorcycles with DC Lighting System2015-01-01344/14/2015
The Two wheeler motorcycles electrical system consists of a generator, a storage battery, voltage control protective devices and the electrical loads. Battery, in motorcycles, supports the starting, lighting and ignition system. Generally, in a vehicle, headlight or any other electrical apparatus consumes significant amount of current from the battery causing drain of the battery when the vehicle is not running and one of the light or electrical apparatus inadvertently remains on for some time. The present invention relates to vehicle light system and, more particularly, to a light control system of a vehicle. This discloses a concept which, automatically turned off vehicle lighting system when engine is OFF. Present invention named as “Intelligent lighting system” which helps in avoiding drainage of battery in case, when rider switches ON the ignition switch (H/L already ON) & engine OFF. Also, the headlight and other light switch goes in OFF position after ignition switch OFF & remains in OFF position after ignition switch ON so that the rider need not manually switch off the headlight switch each time when he restarts the vehicle. The present invention address the above shortcomings of the prior art.
Mishra, Durga Madhab, Gupta, Bimal Kant
Retroreflective DOT-C2 Tape Performance in Relation to Observation and Entrance Angle - A Real World Study2015-01-14324/14/2015
Accident reconstruction experts are often asked to evaluate the visibility and conspicuity of objects in the roadway. It is common for objects placed in or along the roadway, vehicles, and required by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108 for certain vehicles and trailers, to have red and white DOT-C2 retroreflective tape installed on several locations. Retroreflective tape is designed to reflect light back towards the light source at the same entrance angle. The authors' literature review revealed that there have been no publications quantifying the performance of commercially available DOT-C2 retroreflective tape with real world vehicles. Therefore, without additional study, an accident reconstruction expert cannot know exactly how a specific type of compliant tape would perform beyond the minimum federal requirements. In the current research, the performance of white and red DOT-C2 retroreflective tape is quantified. Using different vehicles, with differing headlight housings, bulb types, headlight height, occupant seating height, and headlight spacing, the performance of different types and manufacturers of retroreflective tape was quantified at different entrance angles. The authors attempted to study a range of popular, commercially available, DOT-C2 retroreflective tape. In this study, 3M 963, 3M 983, Grote, and Trucklite DOT-C2 retroreflective tape were used. The effect of change in observation angle and entrance angle were studied. Preliminary research was performed on the effect of measuring luminance through a vehicles windshield, which has factory tinting, versus outside of the vehicle, not through the windshield. From the current study, it was determined that the entrance angle and the observation angle affected the performance of all of the retroreflective tapes, with lower performance at higher entrance angles and/or observation angles. It was also determined that the white retroreflective tape had higher performance than the red retroreflective tape for every tape type tested. Finally, it was determined that the performance of the tape decreased when measured through the windshield of the vehicle, versus from outside of the vehicle.
Suway, Jeffrey Aaron, Welcher, Judson
Comparison Amongst Emerging Markets in Regards to Headlamp Performance and the Challenges Ahead for Global Programs2015-01-17014/14/2015
The challenges around global products have been lately one of the key challenges for the lighting community. This paper will present a survey which was held with costumers from China, India, Europe and Brazil understanding the difference and similarities regarding the lighting attributes. It brings also a discussion how to develop a lamp globally that fulfils everyone's needs and addresses potential trade-offs in design and performance.
Lukacs, Luciano
Ultra Low Power LED Fog Lamp with Sharp cut-off optics for Electric Vehicle2015-01-17024/14/2015
This paper presents a novel technology to achieve very power (4W, 3.2W LED+0.8W driver) FOG lamp by single LED design which is much enhanced than the existing 2-3 LEDs solutions. This design saves 92.7% energy than conventional Halogen lamp (55W) and saves 38.4% than existing LED FOG lamp (6.5W). The optical design adopts the optimized multifaceted reflector, with precise and unique optimization design scheme, we are able to generate a very sharp cut-off line with a 3.2W LED to enable stronger light penetration in low vision weather condition. The efficiency of multifaceted reflector optics in this study is 50.9% which is 27% higher than the existing reflector design. Design details, anti-block skills and the manufacturing tolerance control are analyzed in this paper. The total light output of the LED fog lamp is 210lm; the L6-line minimal is 4200cd above the ECE R19 requirement of 2700cd. Furthermore, by taking advantages of this low power and simpler design, additional features like low weight and embedded electronics are able to gain. The weight of this FOG lamp is reduced of 24.7% by plastic-aluminum hybrid housing.
Wang, Alex, Yen, Jung Hsien
Daytime Running LightJ2087_201412 (Historical)12/2/2014
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a daytime running light (DRL) function.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Fluid Dispensing Solutions for LEDsTBMG-2099711/1/2014
LED lighting is popular because many governments are banning incandescent bulbs to save energy and carbon dioxide, especially for general lighting. In the automotive industry LEDs are being used because they save energy and costs, especially with the migration to hybrid cars and electric vehicles, and because the flexible LED light shape creates cool designs. These applications have created a need for more precise and accurate fluid dispensing as well as the dispensing of some fluids that require special attention. These dispensing applications must take into account:
Conclusive Aircraft Lighting Approach for Reducing Maintenance and Improving Safety2014-01-21239/16/2014
Advanced technologies in LED's have the potential to reduce maintenance and improve aircraft safety. Aircrafts need adequate illumination for night time landing. New technology such as high-power LEDs allow for better suited light distributions, more whitish light compatible for mesopic lighting conditions and reduced glare in adverse weather conditions. LEDs and the associated electronics are more susceptible to harsh environmental conditions and this needs to be accounted for in the design of the equipment. Highly conductive metal core PCBs (MCPCB) allow for adequate cooling in a mirror telescopic optical arrangement when coupled with robust active cooling. Closed loop optical feedback of output flux ensures constant performance over the lifetime of the light unit and allows for indication of remaining useful life to the operator to plan maintenance activities. Parylene coating inhibits premature degradation of the LEDs induced by water vapor and corrosive gases.
Hessling, Andre
Exploration Visualization EnvironmentTBMG-205869/1/2014
The Exploration Visualization Environment (EVE) is a graphical environment for the visualization, analysis, and simulation of engineering data, specializing in aerospace and aeronautic concepts. EVE is based on the history and successful application of the Synergistic Engineering Environment (SEE) and provides much of the same capabilities. These include integration of time-dependent data with detailed graphical models, enhanced user navigation and time controls, synchronized display of data with simulation playback, and cross-platform support of Windows and Linux.
Tail Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Motor Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ585_201406 (Historical)6/17/2014
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for tail lamps (rear position lamps) intended for use on vehicles of less than 2032 mm in overall width.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Adaptive High Beam Systems: Visual Performance and Safety Effects2014-01-04314/1/2014
Present standards for vehicle forward lighting specify two headlamp beam patterns: a low beam when driving in the presence of other nearby vehicles, and a high beam when there is not a concern for producing glare to other drivers. Adaptive lighting technologies such as curve lighting systems with steerable headlamps may be related to increments in safety according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, but isolating the effects of lighting is difficult. Recent analyses suggest that visibility improvements from adaptive curve lighting systems might reduce nighttime crashes along curves by 2%-3%. More advanced systems such as adaptive high-beam systems that reduce high-beam headlamp intensity toward oncoming drivers are not presently allowed in the U.S. The purpose of the present study is to analyze visual performance benefits and quantify potential safety benefits from adaptive high-beam headlamp systems. Before adaptive high-beam systems could be permitted on U.S. roadways, it is necessary to have data describing their potential for crash reductions. The results from the present analyses can help to inform discussion about the potential impacts of adaptive high-beam systems on transportation safety.
Bullough, John D.
Adaptive Driving Beam - Visibility Improvement versus Glare2014-01-04364/1/2014
Since 2012, adaptive driving beam (ADB) was homologated first in the ECE world (ECE 123). The idea behind is a camera based lighting system, which enables the driver to achieve at night nearly high beam visibility without glaring oncoming or proceeding vehicles and road users. Once the presence of other vehicles is detected the headlamps change the light pattern and block the light where the oncoming or proceeding vehicles are located. Light sources are typically High Intensity Discharge (HID) bulbs, but today also first LED applications are visible. For SAE, the definition of the parameters and the requested regulation changes to allow such systems are in progress. The paper reports about an extensive study executed in Germany at TU Darmstadt to investigate not only the improvement in visibility for the driver with such systems, but also evaluate the disability and discomfort glare for other road users. The results are demonstrating clearly, that the existing ADB systems do not cause additional glare for the road users and also do not lead to an increased subjective discomfort glare rating. The positive effect for the driver in enhancing the visibility at night is significant and improves safety at night time driving.
Neumann, Rainer
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