Electric Vehicle is the need of hour as the excessive usage of
IC Engine driven Vehicles has depleted the ozone layer to a
significant level. With new technology into the market, challenges
come hand in hand because of Electric Vehicle. In comparison to IC
Vehicle, areas of thermal management or the number of components
for which thermal management needs to be done is higher and rather
complex. As the thermal management system is the second highest
energy consuming source after the powertrain of the electric
vehicle, an efficient and reliable design becomes inevitable to
ensure last mile driving range. Thermal Management of the Electric
Vehicle has been identified as one of the critical parameters in
defining the life, durability, range of the vehicle and the safety
of its occupants. One of the major concerns in the development of
lithium-ion battery packs for EVs is thermal management. The
temperature of all cells must be strictly maintained within a few
degrees C across the entire pack. Cells are vulnerable to
overheating from rapid discharging, overcharging or excessive
ambient heating. Such overheating and uneven temperature
distribution cases, thermal runaway may occur in a cell as heat
builds up uncontrollably, possibly causing catastrophic
destruction, such as fire and explosion. For these reasons, EV
battery packs incorporate extensive cooling systems to dissipate
heat and provide for uniform temperatures throughout the battery
pack. Hence, it's a high time to study various passive &
active thermal management solutions for Battery cooling and heating
and its impacts. Key words: Active & passive cooling, Battery
thermal Management, Thermal run away