Real-world Emissions from 10 Tier 4F Off-road Construction Equipment
2022-01-0698
03/29/2022
- Event
- Content
- Off-road equipment has been considered one of the most significant sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) both nationally and within California. Although emission standards have been increasingly more stringent over the past decade, there is still more lag between the implementation of the standards for off-road equipment compared to similar standards for on-road vehicles. Developing emissions factors and emissions inventories for off-road equipment has inherently been more challenging than for on-road vehicles. Off-road engines are typically certified through engine dynamometer tests which may not be representative of engine operation under real-world conditions. Current Tier 4F off-road diesel engines are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) to meet the PM standards for 2007 and newer engines, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to meet the NOx standards. While there are extensive data on the effectiveness of DPF and SCR systems over certification test cycles run on an engine-dynamometer, data on real world emissions from modern diesel engines are scarce and show some variation depending on the type of equipment tested and the testing conditions The primary purpose of this research is to obtain gaseous and PM emissions from high-use and newer off-road construction equipment using a 40 CFR part 1065 compliant PEMS to provide accurate estimates of emissions from off-road construction equipment under real-world scenarios. Emission Measurements were made for 10 pieces of Tier 4 final equipment, which included 3 Excavators, 3 Wheel Loaders; 2 Backhoe/Loaders, and 2 Crawler Tractors, while the equipment was operated through tasks it is designed for.
- Citation
- Zhu, H., Scora, G., Karavalakis, G., Johnson, K. et al., "Real-world Emissions from 10 Tier 4F Off-road Construction Equipment ," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0698, 2022, .