Performance Analysis of Integrated Battery and Traction Motor Cooling Systems for Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles Applications

The automotive industry is a huge industry as millions of vehicles are running on the road & it's growing at a rapid rate. The emission from these vehicles are harmful in nature & are bigger concerns for the human being as its increasing day by day at an alarming rate. The emissions are causing various global problems such as global warming, green house effects, air pollutions etc. due to the use of fossil fuels in abundance. This drives to think for alternative solutions, which are eco-friendly & having less or no emissions. The electric vehicles (EVs) are the most reliable solution as it is having high performance & efficiency without emissions. EVs are most suitable option to reduce global warming & greenhouse effects etc. The evolution of EVs has fueled the two-wheeler EVs industry to flourish at a fast pace. Li-ion battery & traction motor is the most important components in two-wheeler EVs. Li-ion batteries are compact, light-weight, fast-chargeable, having low self-discharge rate & long life. Li-ion batteries are highly efficient & durable, when an optimum characteristic operating temperature ranges are being maintained across the battery pack. This drives for the thermal management solutions of the li-ion batteries. The optimum operating temperatures are also needing to be maintained across the traction motor assy. to make it perform at a higher efficiency with longer life & better reliability. The thermal management of the traction motors also become critical for the two-wheeler EVs to have long range & better durability. This paper elaborates the thermal management solutions for the battery pack & the traction motor. It describes various technologies, which are being used for the thermal management of the battery pack & the traction motor. The cost and the packaging space are the bigger concerns for the OEMs to not to go for heavier solutions, that's why this paper discusses the integrated thermal management solutions, which is compact in size, light weight & reliable for two-wheeler EVs for various vehicle-ranges. The liquid-based solutions have been taken into consideration to mitigate the thermal management issues in the battery pack & the traction motor in this paper. The recent incidents of the two-wheeler EVs catching fire on the road or during charging has put up the industry at the forefront to think for the reliable thermal management solutions, that's why this research has a very important role to play in eradicating the battery thermal issues as well as the traction motor thermal management issues.