Performance Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle for Intercity and Intracity Applications

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) are emerging as a sustainable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector, in line with the Paris Agreement and global net-zero emission goals. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of the FCEV powertrain under intercity and intracity driving conditions. The study focuses on key parameters such as fuel cell system efficiency, energy consumption, hydrogen usage, and overall drivetrain response. Using simulation models validated with real-world driving data, the performance of the powertrain is evaluated across varying speed profiles, vehicle loads, and driving cycles. The analysis also considers the impact of auxiliary load including HVAC systems and consumption of other electric components on the powertrain efficiency and energy balance. Results highlight that the FCEV powertrain performs efficiently during intercity driving due to stable speed conditions and low stop-start frequency, while intracity driving presents challenges related to dynamic load demands and energy recovery optimization. Additionally, the study discusses the sustainability benefits of FCEVs, refueling infrastructure needs, and policy frameworks required to support widespread deployment. Overall, the findings demonstrate the capability of hydrogen-powered electric drivetrains to meet the demands of both urban and long-range transport while supporting long-term de-carbonization strategies.