Globally, emission regulations for LDVs (Light Duty Vehicles) are becoming increasingly stringent. In Europe, EU7 regulations will tighten the PN requirements by applying PN10 with PN value target 6.0+E11 [#/km] and changing the CF (Conformity Factor) value from 1.5 to 1.34 for RDE (Real Driving Emission). This necessitates the use of GPF (Gasoline Particulate Filter) capable of meeting these PN regulations.
Similarly, India is also tightening its PN regulations by referencing European standards. Under the current BS6 Stage 2, in-use compliance test procedures, including RDE measurements using PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System), necessitate GPFs for GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engines. Furthermore, around April 2027, the transition from BS6 Stage 2 to BS6 Stage 3 is expected, with a shift of driving cycle from MIDC to WLTC (Phase 3). Additionally, discussions on BS7 regulations, referencing EU7, have begun, and similar stricter PN requirements could be required for MPI (Multi Point Injection) engines as well.
GPFs have been primarily developed and used in Europe and China for a while now, but to meet Indian regulations and market requirements, it is necessary to evaluate GPFs that are suited to the actual driving conditions in India. Therefore, NGK has conducted WLTC (Phase 3) and RDE tests on different cordierite ceramic GPFs with varying pore characteristics, such as porosity, both catalyzed coated and uncoated, under Indian driving conditions, to explore the optimal GPF system for GDI engine vehicles for India. This test results provide technical insights to comply with the upcoming regulations for GDI engine vehicles.