Experimental investigations of an improved naphthenic bio-blendstock surrogate fuel formulation SF1.01 in a compression ignition engine.
2022-01-0626
03/29/2022
- Content
- Many efforts have been made in recent years to find renewable replacements for fossil fuels that can reduce the carbon footprint in the atmosphere without compromising combustion performance. Bio-blendstock oil developed from woody biomass using a reliable thermochemical conversion method known as catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP), along with hydrotreating upgrading has the potential to deliver on this renewable promise. To further our understanding of naphthenic-rich bio-blendstock oils, an improved formulation surrogate fuel (SF), SF1.01, was devised to mimic the high-quality naphthenic bio-blendstock oil and blended with research-grade No.2 diesel (DF2) at various volume percentages. The blends were evaluated through experimental investigations performed in a single-cylinder Ricardo Hydra compression ignition engine. Engine output performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions including nitric oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), and particulate matter (PM) were measured and compared in two types of experiments by (1) varying the injection timing event from knock limit to misfire limit at the same operating conditions for all blends, and (2) varying the engine load also at the same operating conditions for all blends. A small decrease in the engine power output was observed as the SF content was increased due to lower peak cylinder temperatures and lower combustion efficiency, yielding slightly higher CO and THC emissions. Higher SF content also correlated with a significant decrease in the PM emissions. The results demonstrate that the performance of the high-quality naphthenic bio-blendstock produced using CFP and hydrotreating processes is comparable to diesel fuel, showing a considerable reduction in soot emissions at the expense of a small increase in CO and THC emissions and a slight reduction in power output, ultimately indicating the bio-blendstock oil is a good candidate for displacing fossil fuels in engine applications.
- Citation
- Ristow Hadlich, R., Ran, Z., Yang, R., Assanis, D. et al., "Experimental investigations of an improved naphthenic bio-blendstock surrogate fuel formulation SF1.01 in a compression ignition engine.," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0626, 2022, .