Estimation of Five Anatomical Landmarks on a Foot Model's Toes Based on Surface Shape

We propose producing a body model consisting of anatomical landmarks used in product design from point clouds from a three-dimensional scanner. We previously proposed producing a foot model automatically by deforming the template of known landmarks using free-form deformation (FFD), but shapes of actual toe tips vary widely from the template. Here we propose extracting five landmarks on the toes of a foot model.