Empirical and Pictorial Results of Vehicle Tip-Over Impact Tests

A combination of metal roof passenger vehicles, an open top convertible passenger vehicle and enclosed multiple purpose utility vehicles were subjected to tip-over-the-front-end type pitch-over tests. The resulting roof crush and occupant compartment intrusion are presented in empirical and pictorial format. The tip-over roof crush performance is discussed relative to other recent side-over type rollover literature and to the FMVSS 216 on Roof Crush Resistance for Passenger Cars.