Correlation of Particulate Matter Species on Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle with Ethanol Blended Gasoline: Real Drive Emissions based Portable Emission Measurement System

2026-26-0216

To be published on 01/16/2026

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Abstract
Content
On the way to net zero emissions and to reduce the oil import bills, NITI Aayog, Government of India and Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG) has rolled out roadmap for ethanol blending in India during 2020-2025. Further, Achieving 15% ethanol blending in 2024, India targeted 20% by 2025 and mostly reached the desired percentage for the Pan India EBMS programme. Considering these Government's initiatives the current work is an interventional study on BSVI compliant gasoline direct injection vehicle with RDE compliant route (Route formulated by Indian Oil R&D Centre) using different ethanol blended gasoline fuel formulations i.e., E0 (Neat Gasoline), E10 (10% Ethanol in gasoline) & E20 (20% Ethanol in gasoline) for the correlation and assessment of exhaust emissions. The brief study is aimed to determine the compliance of Conformity Factor (C.F.) for ethanol blended gasoline fuel on Direct Injection gasoline engine. The conformity factors were calculated in each case for CO, NOx & PN using moving window average evaluation method. For reference CO2 characteristics curve, CO2 values were measured over Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) on chassis dynamometer. The study findings suggests that the use of oxygenated fuel formulations (E10 & E20) reduces tail pipe emissions significantly without any change in hardware. The paper presents RDE (with multiple routes) as well laboratory mass emissions data points for correlation. However, all the emission values are well below the typical BSVI/Euro6d limits and the C.F. for NOx is also below than stated limit of BS_2.0 IRDE (Indian Real Driving Emissions). Keywords: BSVI_2.0, Gasoline direct injection GDI, Ethanol Blended Gasoline, Real Drive Emissions RDE, Portable Emission Measurement Equipment PEMS, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG), Conformity Factors, Reference CO2 Value, CO2 windows, Modified Indian Driving Cycle, Chassis dynamometer
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Citation
Kant, C., Arora, A., Saroj, S., Kumar, P. et al., "Correlation of Particulate Matter Species on Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle with Ethanol Blended Gasoline: Real Drive Emissions based Portable Emission Measurement System," SAE Technical Paper 2026-26-0216, 2026, .
Additional Details
Publisher
Published
To be published on Jan 16, 2026
Product Code
2026-26-0216
Content Type
Technical Paper
Language
English