The Biomechanics of “Whiplash” in Low Velocity Collisions

Recently, it has been demonstrated experimentally that the so-called “whiplash” response during low velocity rear-end collisions may produce a spontaneously resolving strain injury to muscles of the neck, but that injury to other spinal elements is biomechanically improbable. This paper reviews the results of these studies as a means of addressing the longstanding controversy which surrounds “whiplash” and the claims that the “whiplash” response produces more extensive injuries. It is concluded that there are no objective, experimentally-based scientific data to support the concept that the low-velocity “whiplash” response is capable of producing any injuries beyond those to the cervical musculature.