A Review on Thermal Management in electric vehicle battery system by liquid cooling

With the advent of sophisticated technologies and complexity of electronics and mechanical system for mobility applications, the challenges for better heat management is paramount. The challenge is largely driven by integration of most innovative auto subsystems and their demand of being tightly packed into a lower volume, mass and relatively higher power consumptions compared to the older version. One of the examples is the thermal management in electric vehicle battery system. Electric Vehicles has been on the front burner as an aftermath of the recent announcement of the Government to make India an all-electric passenger vehicle market by 2030. The mirage of having electric vehicles on the roads is now transforming to a pleasant but perplexed reality as it comes with plethora of technical and feasibility challenges. According to current design the Lithium-ion batteries are the single most important component of an electric vehicle, comprising 40% of total production cost which is huge compared to rest of the component of the vehicle. The thermal management issue is the primary concern that impedes the widespread applications of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles. It significantly affects not only the life cycle of the batteries, also the performances of the electric vehicles. A thermal runway often happens due to different kinds of abuse conditions like mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse. There are several aspects that need to be addressed like choice of efficient battery materials, good battery design, incorporation of thermal management solutions for electronic components, proper cooling systems (traditional air, water -glycol cooling to engineered fluid NovecTM) and passive defense against the practical abuse conditions would ensure the shield against the thermal runaways. The current paper is focused on efficient alternative cooling technology for EV battery system.